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Análise E Dimensionamento De Um Sistema De Amortecimento Para Uma Chaminé

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Análise E Dimensionamento De Um Sistema De Amortecimento Para Uma Chaminé ANÁLISE E DIMENSIONAMENTO DE UM SISTEMA DE AMORTECIMENTO PARA UMA CHAMINÉ GUSTAVO MIGUEL CAMEIRA DA SILVA OLIVEIRA Dissertação submetida para satisfação parcial dos requisitos do grau de MESTRE EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL — ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM ESTRUTURAS Orientador: Professora Doutora Elsa de Sá Caetano Co-Orientador: Professor Doutor Álvaro Alberto de Matos Ferreira da Cunha JULHO DE 2011 MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL 2010/2011 DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL Tel. +351-22-508 1901 Fax +351-22-508 1446 [email protected] Editado por FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 PORTO Portugal Tel. +351-22-508 1400 Fax +351-22-508 1440 [email protected] http://www.fe.up.pt Reproduções parciais deste documento serão autorizadas na condição que seja mencionado o Autor e feita referência a Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil - 2010/2011 - Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2011 . As opiniões e informações incluídas neste documento representam unicamente o ponto de vista do respectivo Autor, não podendo o Editor aceitar qualquer responsabilidade legal ou outra em relação a erros ou omissões que possam existir. Este documento foi produzido a partir de versão electrónica fornecida pelo respectivo Autor. Análise e Dimensionamento de um Sistema de Amortecimento para uma Chaminé A meu Pai e a minha Mãe Análise e Dimensionamento de um Sistema de Amortecimento para uma Chaminé AGRADECIMENTOS Ao longo deste semestre, muitas foram as pessoas que me ajudaram a terminar o presente trabalho. No entanto, gostaria de expressar o meu especial agradecimento: À Professora Doutora Elsa de Sá Caetano, minha orientadora, pela enorme disponibilidade e simpatia que demonstrou ao longo do semestre, pelos conhecimentos que me transmitiu, pela bibliografia que cedeu, e pela revisão cuidada da tese que em muito me ajudou a terminar o presente trabalho; Ao Professor Doutor Álvaro Cunha, meu co-orientador, pela amabilidade na cedência de bibliografia e pela transmissão de conhecimentos essenciais para a realização da presente tese; Ao Eng. Fernando Bastos, pela disponibilidade que sempre demonstrou ter, pela cedência de um programa para geração de séries de vento e pela bibliografia que me dispensou; Aos meus amigos que, pela sua presença e palavras, em muito contribuíram para a execução do presente trabalho; Ao meu irmão, pela ânimo que me deu ao longo do semestre e pela animação que proporciona; Aos meus pais, a quem tudo devo, pelo seu apoio, amizade, sabedoria e “bom senso”. Um muito obrigado. i Análise e Dimensionamento de um Sistema de Amortecimento para uma Chaminé RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como principal objectivo o estudo e dimensionamento de um sistema de controlo passivo para atenuação de vibrações induzidas pelo efeito dinâmico do vento numa chaminé metálica. O trabalho inicia-se com a apresentação do estado de arte relativo a chaminés metálicas, no qual são descritos os principais problemas associados a este tipo de estruturas. São apresentados alguns conceitos relacionados com a Engenharia do Vento e uma descrição dos principais tipos de dispositivos para controlo de vibrações em estruturas, sendo dado maior destaque aos amortecedores de massas sintonizadas (TMD’s). De seguida é apresentado o projecto da chaminé metálica, descrevendo-se todas as acções de cálculo e os resultados das análises efectuadas. Tendo por objectivo quantificar as vibrações decorrentes do vento, a estrutura é analisada aos efeitos de rajada, concluindo-se ser necessário introduzir um TMD para atenuação da resposta dinâmica. É ainda referida e analisada a importância dos anéis de rigidez instalados na resposta dinâmica da chaminé. Por último, dimensiona-se o TMD e simula-se a sua instalação no modelo numérico, recalculando-se a resposta da estrutura à acção dinâmica do vento com a finalidade de avaliar a redução efectiva da resposta dinâmica. PALAVRAS -CHAVE : chaminés metálicas, vibrações, efeitos dinâmicos do vento, TMDs, controlo de vibrações iii Análise e Dimensionamento de um Sistema de Amortecimento para uma Chaminé ABSTRACT The purpose of the present work is the study and design of a passive control system to mitigate wind- induced vibrations on a steel chimney. The study begins with a presentation of the state of art of steel chimneys, in which the main problems associated with this kind of structures are described. Some concepts related with Wind Engineering are presented as well as a description of the main kind of passive devices for vibration control in structures, the main focus being given to tunned mass dampers (TMD’s). Then the steel chimney project is presented and all the calculation loads and obtained results described. Having as objective to quantify the vibrations resulting from the wind, the structure is analysed at the gust effect, the conclusion being that it is necessary to introduce a TMD to mitigate the dynamic response. The importance of the stiffening rings installed in the dynamic response of the chimney is also referred to and analysed. Lastly, the TMD is dimensioned and its installation in the numerical model simulated. The response of the structure to the wind dynamic action is recalculated in order to assess the effective reduction of the dynamic response. KEY WORDS: steel chimneys, vibrations, wind dynamic effects, TMD, vibration control v Análise e Dimensionamento de um Sistema de Amortecimento para uma Chaminé ÍNDICE GERAL AGRADECIMENTOS ................................................................................................................................... i RESUMO ................................................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................... v 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. MOTIVAÇÃO ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. ORGANIZAÇÃO DA TESE ................................................................................................................. 1 2. CHAMINÉS METÁLICAS – ESTADO DE ARTE .............................. 3 2.1 . INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. PRINCIPAIS MATERIAIS UTILIZADOS NA CONSTRUÇÃO ............................................................... 3 2.3. PRINCIPAIS TIPOS DE CHAMINÉS METÁLICAS .............................................................................. 6 2.4. PRINCIPAIS PROBLEMAS ASSOCIADOS A CHAMINÉS METÁLICAS .............................................. 8 2.4.1 . ACÇÕES DEVIDO AO PRÓPRIO USO DA CHAMINÉ ............................................................................... 9 2.4.2 . PROBLEMAS DERIVADOS DE REACÇÕES QUÍMICAS .......................................................................... 10 2.4.3 . CONDIÇÕES METEOROLÓGICAS (A CÇÕES DEVIDO À ACTUAÇÃO DO VENTO ) ..................................... 10 2.4.3.1. Efeitos Estáticos do Vento em Chaminés Metálicas ................................................................ 11 2.4.3.2. Efeitos Dinâmicos do Vento em Chaminés Metálicas ............................................................. 15 2.5 . LOCALIZAÇÃO DE CHAMINÉS ....................................................................................................... 19 2.6. PROBLEMAS DE CONCENTRAÇÃO DE TENSÕES EM CHAMINÉS METÁLICAS ........................... 20 2.7. DISPOSITIVOS DE CONTROLO DE VIBRAÇÕES EM CHAMINÉS METÁLICAS ............................... 22 2.7.1 . DISPOSITIVOS AERODINÂMICOS PARA ATENUAÇÃO DE VIBRAÇÕES DEVIDO À LIBERTAÇÃO DE VÓRTICES ....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.7.2 . DISPOSITIVOS DE AMORTECIMENTO DE VIBRAÇÕES INDUZIDAS PELO VENTO ..................................... 23 2.8. MONITORIZAÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE CHAMINÉS METÁLICAS .................................................. 25 3. VENTO ATMOSFÉRICO ........................................................................................ 27 3.1. INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................................................. 27 3.2. NOÇÕES BÁSICAS ........................................................................................................................ 27 3.3. VELOCIDADE MÉDIA DO VENTO ................................................................................................... 28 3.3.1. PERFIL LOGARÍTMICO ..................................................................................................................... 28 vii Análise e Dimensionamento de um Sistema de Amortecimento para uma Chaminé 3.3.2. PERFIL TIPO POTÊNCIA .................................................................................................................. 30 3.3.3. INTERVALOS DE REGISTO ............................................................................................................... 31 3.3.4. PERÍODO DE RETORNO ................................................................................................................... 32 3.4. TURBULÊNCIA ATMOSFÉRICA
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