AMERICA'S LEADING MAGAZINE ON AFRICA $4 (REPORT MAY-JUNE 1984 Mack America md U.S. Urica Policy NCLUDES ARTICLES BY sse Jackson ndrew Young ulian Dixon ,eon Sullivan 'om Bradley ilSQ IN THIS ISSUE: Interview with Nigerian Foreign Minister Gambari Mozambique's Pact with South Africa CEUIA MELILLA THE GAMBIA Ban|ul ~ GUtNEA GUINCA-WSSAUjConak ry Bissau Freetown 9CRRA LEONE MAURITIUS MADAGASCAR ^jQ REUNION Port Louis USOTMO Maseru Copyright © 1984 by the African-American Institute, Inc. MAY-JUNE 1984 AMERICA'S VOLUME 29, NUMBER 3 LEADING MAGAZINE cflFRICfl ON AFRICA A Publication of the (REPORT African-American Institute The Black America and Africa African-American Institute The United States and Africa Chairman Under a Jackson Administration Randolph Nugent By the Reverend Jesse Jackson President Black America and Africa Donald B. Easum The U.S. Economy and African Development Publisher By Andrew Young Frank E. Ferrari Biack America r-m . and l.S. EJ'N-'I Editor Afrif« Polio Black America and Africa Margaret A. Novicki The Congressional Black Caucus and U.S. Policy in Souihern Africa 12 Assistant Editor Stb* ^ Michael Maren By Julian C. Dixon Editorial Assistant Interview Jason Zweig Tom Bradley, Mayor of Los Angeles 17 Editorial Secretary Interviewed by Margaret A. Novicki Alana Lee Mozambique's Peace Interns with South Africa Ronald Adelman The Economics of Desperation 19 George N. Archer By Joanmarie Kalter Laurie S. Newman Carol Watson Mozambique-South Africa The Nkomati Accords 24 Circulation, Subscriptions, Ad- By Jose Luis Cabaqo vertising, Management, and Pro- duction Services by Transaction Document Periodicals Consortium. IN THIS ISSUE The People's Platform 25 Editors In light of the role the Reverend Jesse Jack- Update 27 Alex Fundock III son's campaign for the Democratic presidential Editor: Michael Maren George P. Bassett nomination has played in raising black political consciousness and translating it into a powerlul Assistant Editor: Jason Zweig Art force in American politics, this issue of Africa Researcher: Stephen Adkisson Dena Leiter Report highlights black Americans' views of cur- Interview Scott E. Pringle rent U.S. policy in Africa. The Reverend JacK- son explains the Africa policies that would be Ibrahim A. Gambari pursued under his presidency and critiques Minister of External Affairs, Nigeria 44 Alnca Report (ISSN 0001-9036), a those currently being followed. We also exam- Interviewed by Margaret A. Novicki nonpartisan magazine of African ine issues in U.S.-Africa relations, ranging from affairs, is published bimonthly m trade and aid to corporate responsibility in Black America and Africa January-February, March-April, South Africa, in articles by Andrew Young, May-June. July-August, Septem- mayor of Atlanta: Congressman Julian Dixon. The Sullivan Principles and ber-October, and November-De- chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus; Change in South Africa 48 cember, and is scheduled to ap- pear at the beginning of each date and the Reverend Leon Sullivan, author of the By the Reverend Leon H. Sullivan period at 833 United Nations Sullivan Principles; and in an interview with Tom Plaza, NewYork.N.Y. 10017 Ed- Bradley, mayor of Los Angeles. Black America and Africa itorial correspondence and letters In two related slories, Louis Martin analyzes What Role for the Black Press? 51 \o the Publisher should be sent to the problems faced by the U.S. black press in this address. Correspondence By Louis E- Martin regarding subscriptions, distribu- expanding coverage of African issues, and Af- tion, advertising, and other busi- rica Report assistant editor Michael Maren as- The Africa Lobby ness matters should be sent to sesses the efforts of lobby groups seeking to in- Building a Constituency Transaction Periodicals Consor- fluence the formulation of policy toward the con- tium, Dept, 8010, Rutgers Uni- tinent. Milfred Fierce looks back at the 1981 re- Against Apartheid 55 versily, New Brunswick. New Jer- port South Africa: Time Running Out in light of By Michael Maren sey 08903. Telephone: (2011 the Reagan administrations southern Africa pot- 932-2280. Subscription rales: 'n- Sudan dividuals: USA, $21. Canada icies. $27, air rate overseas $45. Insti- We also provide coverage of three countries Nimeiry Under Siege 60 tutions: U.S.A. S28, Canada £34. recently in the news. Africa Report editor Mar- By Rick Wells air rate overseas $52. Second- garet A. Novicki interviews Nigerian Minister of class postage paid at New York, External Relations Ibrahim Gambari on the for- Special Review NY. and at additional mailing of- eign policies of the new government. In two fices, POSTMASTER if this maga- Looking Back at South Africa: zine is undeliverable. please send reports on Mozambique. Joanmane Kalter ana- Time Running Out 63 notice io Alnca Report. Transac- lyzes the economic difficulties that led to Ma- By Milfred C. Fierce tion Periodicals Consortium (ad- puto's nonaggression pact with South Africa, dress above). Telephones: Pub- and Mozambican Minister of Information Jose lisher (212) 949-5717: Editor Luis Cabaco explains his government s position {21?i 949-5731. Copyright (c on the accord. And from Khartoum, Rick Wells 1984 by the African-American In- Photo Credit stitute, Inc. examines the latest threats to the governmenl of The cover photograph of the Reverend Jesse Jackson campaign- Sudanese President Nimeiry. ing in New York was taken by Tannenbaum/Sygma. BLACK AMERICA AND AFRICA The United States and Africa Under a Jackson Administration BY THE REVEREND JESSE JACKSON ow and in the decades ahead, the select countries that have particular ting serious racial blunders made it nec- N United States in particular will be cold war significance for the U.S. The essary for the U.S. to steer clear of ac- called upon to respond to the triple Reagan approach is a failure and is tive involvement in independent Af- crises of world food, energy, and re- counter to U.S. national interests rica. source shortages. One of the primary throughout the continent of Africa. Africa is important to American regions involved will be Africa, both as Since decolonization of the African interests for a range of reasons, not least a donor, via its reserves in natural re- continent in the late 1950s, the Ameri- of which is its riches in strategic miner- sources and mineral wealth, and as a re- can public has been given occasional als and its security importance. The cipient suffering under these interna- media coverage of events in Africa. double standards of policy behavior tional shortages. For all the conscious- Though the Eisenhower and the Ken- towards Africa, however, must be re- ness of world economic inequalities, nedy administrations tried to build versed to assure U.S. access, and the and for all the world's efforts to seek bridges between the United States and inconsistency between what we claim remedies to these conditions, the gap these newly independent states through and defend domestically and what we between the rich and poor nations — a variety of means, the fact remains that do in Africa deserves and will receive specifically African nations — is Africa has remained on the back-burner immediate attention. Let me identify widening on a progressive scale. of U.S. foreign policy formulation. some of the key issues and areas where It is in the national interest of the Three reasons can be offered briefly American national interests are critical United States to reduce the widening as explanations for the low priority and demand responsible action. discrepancy that divides the northern given to African issues in U.S. foreign ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF AFRICA and southern tiers of nations. The na- policy formulation. First and foremost tional interest of the U.S. demands is the priority given to the strategic and The economic situation in Africa is creative diplomacy geared to a devel- geopolitical factors aimed at containing very bleak. The major problems faced opment foreign policy approach to- communism in the international sys- by African nations are inflation, de- wards the African continent. My ad- tem. The second reason for the low pleted foreign exchange reserves, ministration will follow this policy ap- priority given was that most African negative terms of trade, and, for the proach because it is right and the pri- leaders embraced a nonaligned policy vast majority of them, serious drought mary emphasis is on the entire conti- posture in the 1960s which, to a certain and hunger. Because of the gravity of nent. Unlike this policy proposal, how- degree, allayed the fears of many U.S. the situation, African governments ever, the present Reagan policy of policymakers who had thought that the have been very keen about foreign aid "constructive engagement" is keyed Soviets were going to seize Africa from from industrialized nations and loans almost totally to South Africa and to Western control. The third reason was tor development from the World Bank the racial calculations of U.S. policy- and other such donor agencies. Under- makers. Because of the intensity and development is the root cause of inter- The Reverend Jesse Jackson is a candi- activity of the civil rights movement, nal and regional conflicts in Africa, not date (or the Democratic party's presiden- many policymakers felt that America's ideology. Yet instead of offering Africa tial nomination. greater involvement in African affairs support for its development, we pres- and the possibility of the U.S. commit- ently allocate the bulk of our modest AFRICA REPORT • May-June 1984 African aid program to military assis- Second, another current problem of bique about 100,000 deaths have been tance packages. Sudan, for example, African countries is the uncertainty of reported — let alone the unreported will receive $271 million for fiscal year the How of concessional aid. The Rea- ones.