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LONDON: T. FISHEH t.:NWIN, PATERSOSTER SQUARE, E.C. THE STORY OF THE 'NATIONS. J, JlOIIB, By ARTHUR GILMAN, 30· TEl: BYZANTnrB EXPIB.E. M.A. Bv C. W. C. OMAN• ._ • 2. THE .Jl!WS, By Prof. J. K. 31. BIC!LY: Ph011lliciM, ureea r.nd HOSMER, JlcJII&Il, By,be late Prof. E. 3· GERlll.UIY, By Rev. S. BARINQ.. A. FREEMAN. Got'LD, M.A. 3•· THE TlJBCAlr JlEPlJBLICS. 4· CARTHAGE. By Prof. ALFRED Bv BELLA DUFFY. ). CHI.JIICH. 33· POLA.l!iD, By W. R. MORFILL, S· .&.LEXAJIDER'B ElllPIRE, By M.A. Prof.). P. MAHAFt'Y. 34· PARTJll.&.. By Prof. GIIORGII 6. TEl: llOORB IN SP.t.Ill'. By I
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"BIUEF GL/.1/PSES." A luJndJt~nu 11/m lnlled Hami/}()()k, explailling lltl'W tlu [anums "St11ry ".f tlu Nati11ns" Series may IH ,turcnased 1111 Ike Instalmtnl S;IIJiem at 1111 Ent~rmtiUS J.'tduclitln_, Tllis n ...,,~ nnoldins 4;6 Sjo«iwu:ll ,,,,_,...# 1/lu.t..... - t;,....s, S.. ~ <'f T'xt. PMtrtllils ill "'"" t>.f 1/u Aulh.,, 11 C..•mtldt List t>.l IM l'<>iutN IN this first attempt at writing a continuous popular history of Wales, I am afraid that the mass of details. te~s to obscure the outlines of the story of a very simple and definite developme.rt. In the first half I try to sketch the rise and fall of a princely caste; in the second, the rise of a self educated, self-governing peasantry. Rome left its heritage of political unity and organisation to a Welsh governing tribal caste; the princes were alternately the ·oppressing organisers of their own people and their defenders against England. The literature of the princes are the courtly tales of the Mabinogion . and the exquisitely artistic odes of Davydd ap Gwilym and his contemporaries. The princes were crushed by. the Plantagenets, their descendants dis~ossessed by the Lancastrians or Anglicised by the Tudo~. On their disappearance, a lower subject The history of the period of the formation of the Welsh people, which Principal Rhys has made his own, I pass over very lightly. Of early social history, expounfted ;o English readers by 1\lr. Secbohm, I . only relate enough to make political history in· telligible. 1\Iy chief authorities for the period of the Norman and English conquests, which I sketch more fully, are Brut"y Tywysogion, Ordericus Vitalis, the monastic annalists, the Welsh laws, and the Welsh poets of the Red Book of Hergest. For each period from the time of Owen Glendower to the present day, my conclusions are mostly drawn from contemporary Welsh literature. With regard to the vast mass of unpublished material, tl lli.ve found invaluable. guidance in Mr. Gwenogvryn Evans' transcripts and catalogues. · In almost every case I have given proper names in their Anglicised form. Words like Owen and Llywelyn present no difficulty ; but ought I to have . written Rees or Rhys, Griffith or Gruffydd? The English form is given in the text ; the \V elsh correct forms will be found in brackets in the index. OWEN 1\l. EDWARDS. LLANUWCHLLVN1 .Marclt, 1901. CONTENTS I. • • PAGE A LAND OF MOUNTAINS 1-17 A mass of mountains rising between plain and sea-They explain a story of independence and disunion-Their four divisions : precipitous Eryri, Berwyn ·pasture lands and . sheep walks, Plinlimmon moorlands, Black Mountains shel tering pleasant plains and hiding a \'ast coal-field-The four divisions correspond roughly with four nations and four dioceses. · The migrating nations that reached the mountains that stood almost on the edge of the world then known-A short dark race, which we may call Iberian; the Celtic race, tall and fair-Traditions concerning the struggle between them They are still the chief elements of the Wdsb people. II. RoME AND A.RTHUR •(84-68'~ 18-30 Rome ilops the migration of nations westwards-Ostorius Scapula approaches the mountains, and defeats the Silurian army of Caratacus-Suetonius Paulinus and Julius Frontbus carry the Roman eagles to the western sea-The political Jettlcmenl under Agricola-Great military camps and cities 'r:i xii CONTENTS I'AGI on the skirts of the mountains-Rule of kinglets subject to the chief Roman official-The ddence against the Picts in the north and against the pirates of the western sea. t The persistence of Roman ideals in the mountains after the fall c1 Rome-The idea of political unity finds expression in the supremacy of Maelgwn Gwynedd, in the stn~ggle between Cadwallon and Northumbria, and in the gradual evolution of the mystic Arthur of legend-The old religion and St. David. III. THE WELSH KINGS (681-1063) 31-43 The attempts of the Welsh kings at continuing the political unity represented by Rome and Arthur-Their difficulties : the independence of their 'Princes, the Enll!li,h Attacks from the plains, the Danish attacks from the sea. • The attempt of Rhodri the Great-The Danish attack Disruption of Rhodri's kingdom-The greatness of :\!erda under Offa-The Laws of Howe! the Good. The attempt of Llywelyn ap Seisyll-The battle of Aber Gwili-Prosperity-On Llywelyn's death, in 1022, the Danes came, and anarchy. The attempt of Griffith ap Llywelyn-Battles of Rhyd y Groes and Pencader-AIIiance with Mercia-The stn~cgle between Griffith and Harold of England. IV. THE NoR!ItAN toNQUEST (ro63-1094) 45-60 The struggle between Griffith's snns aQd Harold's nominee Bleddyn-The appearance of William the Conqueror at Chester-Bieddyn joins Mt:'cia in "f'po!>ing the 1'\ormam --Effects of the Norman conquest of England on Walt:s The Norman advance into Wales: from pester, Shrews bury, and Hereford. Hugh the Wolf at Chester-The advance of Norman Robert to Rhuddlan and Deganwy-Roger of Montgomery ' CONTENTS xiii PAGE at Shrewsbury-William FitzOsbern at Hereford-Helpless· ness and death of Bleddyn. Appearance of the two opponents of the Normans: Griffith ap Conan and Rees ap Tudor: of the royal lin~ of Wales-Battle of Mynydd Cam-William tlte eonqueror comes to pray to St. David's-Bernard of Neufmarche at Talgarth-Death of Ret's and captivity of Griffith-'-Rapid extension of the Norman conquest: Hugh of Chester in Mon, Roger of Montgomery and his suns in Dyved, Bernard at Maesyved, FitzHamon in 1\lorgannwg. v. THE WORK OF GRIFFITH AP CONAN (1094-1137) 63-80 Re-appearance• •of Griffith ap Conan-The recovery of Moo- The end of Robert of Rhuddlan-The revolt of Dyfed and Powys against the Normans ilnder Cadogan ap Bleddyn The Red King of England in Wales-The end of Hugh of Montgomery and of Hugh of Chester. Robert of Belesme aims at independence in Shrewsbury -His alliance with the sons of Bleddyn-Henry I. crushes his power-Henry's treacherous dealings with the sons of Hleddyn. Owen of Powys appeals to Welsh patriotism-His defiance of Henry, submission, and allegiance-His end His place taken by Griffith ap Rees-Death of Gwenllian Battle of Cardigan-End of Griffith ap Conan-Limits of Norman conquest. VI. . 8t-1o4 The supremacyoof G'III'}"Dedd-Owen's difficulties-The first attack by Henry 11.-The second attempt of Henry 11. The united Welsh army at Corwen-Owen's peace policy. The Lord Rees, the chief ally of Owen Gwynedd, xiv CONTENTS PAGK continues Owen's policy-Relations with Henry 11.-First conquest of lreland-Rees' power. Rees' neighbours: 11) The Clares in Dyved an VII. A JouRNEY _RouND MEDI.t:VAL WALES (n88) . tos-u6 Archbishop Baldwin and Gerald the Welshman in Wales They meet the Lord Rees and his sons, the Welsh bishops and abbots, the sons of Owen Gwynedd, and G~th.t.faelor Owen <;yveiliog did not come. Superstitions of Powys al)d Brycheiniog-Anecdotes ol Glamorgan history-Battlefields of Henry 11.-A Welsh home-National characteristics. Gerald becomes the champion or the independence of the Welsh Church, 11<)8-1204-The meaning of the struggle, and its results. VIII. LLYWELYN THE GREAT (1194-1240) • Alliance with the English John broken, and followed by war -Union of the Welsh chiefs-Alliance with the Engli~h barons-Magna Carta-The council or Aberdovey. Relations with the princes of South Wales and Powys With the families of Braose and Morti~Tta"r and the earl of Chester-With the Marshalls and other ministers of Henry II. •• • Rapidity of movements, belief in sacredness of com· pacts,· love of diplomacy, unity finding. expression in council of chiefs-His aim wa.s peace-The wntne~~~ of Llf"·elyn's ideals: a united, prosperous Wales as part of a British feudal system-The importance of his penonality. c;oNTENTS XV I'AGE IX. THE FATE OF LLVWELVN'S IDEALS (1Z40-I272) • 153-172 Llywelyn's two sons, Davydd and Griffith-Davy X. THE LAST FlGHl.FOR INDEPENDENCE (1272-1284) 173-194 I Edward I. summons Llywelyn to Chester-The capture of Eleanor de Montfort- The first war-The Treaty of Rhuddlan-Llywelyn's marriage. Arrogance of English officials-Discontent of Davydd -Grievances of the Church-Disputes about the treaty The st'Cond war-Death of Eleanor-Peckham's mediation Battle of Moe! y Don- Fall of Llywelyn-Snowdon conquered-Trial of Davydd, XI. THE \VJLL OF THE CONQUEROR (1284-1301) • 195-217 The "Statute of Wales" ordained at Rhuddlan- Llywelyn's principality becom~ six shires: Anglesey, Carnarvon, Merioneth, Flint, Cardigan, and Carmarthen-Snowdon surrounded by castle~t-The ~k of chartered boroughs- The great fringe of lordships, under Lacy, the Mortimers, Bnhun, Hastings, Clare, and Valence--Welsh discontent Revolts-..,...The new Prince of Wales hom at Carnarvon-The crown of Arthur, and the Nevin tournament-The Welsh mercenaries. xvi CONTENTS PAO& XII. AN ENGLISH PRINCE or WALF..S (1301-1327) 218-235 The' po~larity of Edward II. in Wales-He regarded himself ~ a Welshman-His ordinances were just-He summoned \Velshmen to Parliament-He was the protector of his subjects against royal official and lord marcher alike, except where the interests of his favourites came in. Roger Mortimer his chief enemy-The death of Gilbert de Oare at Bannockburn placed Glamorgan in the gift of the king-Its administration by Turberville, and the revolt of Llywelyn Bren-Granted to Despenser-The hatred between Despenser and Mortimer. Disaffection in North Wales-The revolt of Griffith Lloyd also caused by a !\lortimer-The king in Wales as a deliverer and protector-The flight of Mortimer-The king alienates his subjects by favouritism-lliwys of Po•-ys -Return of Mortimer-Ed ward ftees to Wales. • XIII. THE LoNGBOW AND THE BLACK. DEATH (1327- 1350) . 236-247 The coronation of the Black Prince as Prince of Wales- His army of Welsh bowmen-The home of the longbow in Gwent-lts introduction into the English army-The Welsh OO'III"lllen at Cressy, Agincourt, &c.-Welsh adventurers on the French side-Owen of Wales-The advantages of a soldier's life-Its disintegrating inftuence on medizval society. The Black Death-It precipitated a great development : the emancipation of the serf-The stages in the development of tlie freedom of the W elsb sed. :I. tv. THE Rvu or THE LoRDs (•35o-14oo} The confusion of a period of disintegration-Dis.contcnt of the serf, who had prospered, and of the freeman, •·ho had been abased-Transition from chief of tribal communities to CONTENTS xvii PAGB owner of land-T}'Tanny of lords : Grey of Ruthin, Fitzalan, John Charlton, Roger Mortimer, Henry Bolingbroke-The peasants look to the king for protection-The dl'l'..,gon standard-Popularity of Richard H.-Weakness of Henry IV.-Prosperity: Growth of towns, which grad~ally cease to be hostile garrisons. XV. BARD, FRIAR, LoLLARD (•350-14oo). • 261-268 The literary awakening-Delight in beauty, condemned by , the friar, made by the poet into a kind of religion-Mary taken from the Franciscans and humanised-Her flowers The bard the representative of naturalness and patriotism-, Bard and friar's denunciations of each other-The struggle between them stopped by the outbreak of war. The 'Nels'rl Lollard has the old earnestness of the friar, the mystic touch of the bard-Bard, friar, and Lollar~ bound together by patriotism. · XVI. OwEN GLENDOWER (1400-1415) Welcomed by all as their champion against the lords-By freeman, bard, friar, labourer, student-The burning of Ruthin the signal for universal revolt-1401, guerilla war- 1402, a national war-1403, alliance with the Mortimers- 1404• Owen supreme in Wales, with a Parliament-His relations with France and the Papacy. Owen's political ideals: an independent Wales, under prince and parliament ; an independent church, with St. David's as its metropolitan see; the organisation of the new learning by means of Welsh universities-His mysterious personality-A prGof of his greatness. . XVII. MoRTIMER AND TuDoR (1415-1485) • 288-301 Two Welsh families, Mortimer and Tudor, rivals for the F..nglish throne- Princes of,. Wales: Henry, altenvards xviii CO.VTENTS I'A Gil Henry V. ; Edward, son of Henry VI. ; Edward, afterwards Edward V.; Edward, son of Richard III. Flight of Queen ~Iargaret and Prince Edward to Har\ech-Batlle of Mortimer's Cross, and death of Owen Tudor-The Welsh Lancastrian archers at Towton-The Welsh Yorkists at Edgecote-Fiight of Henry Tudor after Tewkeshury. The Yor kist mle-The court of the Prince of Wales at Ludlow-Growing unpopularity of Richard III.-Revolt of Buckingham-Plot uf Lady Margaret Tudor and Elizabeth of York-Henry Tudor lands near Haverfordwest-The march through Wales-The battle of Bosworth. XVIII. THE END OF THE OLD DAYS (1485-ISlJ) c • 303-309 Dragon.sovereigns, what they gave, and what they took. The end of religious enthusiasm-The Lollard dis· appears-Bard and monk agree. The decline of Welsh literature-The loss of natural· ness-The tyranny of eisteddvodau-The rise of alliteration -A barren period between the medi::eval literature of the prince, and the modern literature of the peasants. The decline of the chief: ceases to be a patron of literature ; his character degenerates ; the self-sacrificing lord of kin becomes a grasping lord of land-Sir Rees ap Thomas. XIX. THE NEW SHIRES (1535-1542). . 3Io-J20 Thomas Cromwell's policy of consolidation-" The Act of Union " of 1535-The march JPrdships become new shires: Denbigh, Montgomery, Radnor, Brecknock, and Monmouth -Completion uf the shires of Glamorgan and Pembroke Lordships added to the older English and Webh shires Comparison of the older and newer units of arlministra· tion-The boundary of England and Wales-Wales repre sented in Parliament. CONTENTS xix PAGE XX. THE COURT OF WALES (1535-154:Z) · Rees ap Griffith and Lord Ferrers in the Star Cham~er Germ of the Court in Yorkist times-An offshoot "f the Star Chamber in Wales-The energy of Bishop Lee as president -A successful illiterate Welshman-The Court of Wales presided over by Sir Henry Sidney-The Countess of Pembroke-Cause of Welsh· litigiousness-Cause of the decline of the Court. XXI. THE GREAT SESSIONS (1542-1830) . 330-337 The new local government and system of justice-Great 1mportance of local government for Wales-Great and Petty Sessions-Tw'6 judges: Bradshaw and Jeffreys-The justices of the p~ace-Shire, hundred, parish-Lawlessness-The Red Banditti of Mawddwy-The new government" not an unmixed blessing-Unwise dislike of Welsh patriotism Useless prohibition of the use of the Welsh language Jealousy between governing class and governed-Evils of primogeniture. XXII. AN UNWELCOME REFORMATION (1535-1588) · 339-353 The passive resistance to the Reformation-Thomas Crom well's agents-Bishop Barlow and Ellis Price-The hunt for relics-The end of Dervel Gadarn-The rifling of the monasteries-The pitiful state of the Welsh Church. Voices on its behalf-The intemperate zeal of John Penry-The great labour of William !\[organ-The self· sacrifice of the Welsh Jesuits-1588, the Welsh Bible Why the Jesuits failed. •• XXIII. BLIND LoYALTY '(1588-1649) The lnyalty of the gentry, who were followed blindly by the people-John Williams, the wise adviser of James I. and XX CONTENTS PAGI Charles I.-The politics of Welsh members of the Long Parliament-Lord Herbert's treasure-The king appeals to Welsh loyalty-The battle of Edgehill, 1642-The slaughter at U'ghnam and Nantwich in 1643-Archhishop Williams' despair in t~6.t4-The king successful in Wales in 16'45, hut his hopes crushed by the great defeat at Naseby-The dis• affection in South Wales-The f."lll of Bristol-The defence of Chester-Chester falls in 1646-llarlech surrendered in 1647· The Second Civil War-Wales united for the king The battle of St. Fagans-The siege of Pemhroke; its importance-The national character of the Second Civil \Yar. XXIV. THE RuLE OF THE PuRITAN AND J'HE WHIG (164!)--1730) • . 375-385 Two ideals, to be united after many days. The share of Wales in the Commonwealth-Represen tation in Parliament-John Jones, Sergeant Glyn, l'hilip Jones, Algernon Sidney-Their work and its fate. Harrison and Vavasor Powel-~lorgan Llwyd as the voice of Welsh Puritanism-What disappeared with the Commonwealth, and what remained. Welsh lawyers of the period of the Restoration-Ellis Wynn's hell and Theophilus Evans' patriotism The apathy at the beginning of the eighteenth century. XXV. THE AwAKENING (173o-183z) .. Griffith Jones of Llanddowroar1111d his cJrculating schools Opposition to revolutionary theoric:s--Iolo ~lorgannwg-The voice of Howe! Harris-The religious awakening-Williami Pant y Celyn-A national Sunday Sch1X>I=-. The literary awakening- Goron'III'Y Owen and Lewis ~lorri~- The national Eisteddvod-The importance of the [>eri•KI. CONTENTS xxi PAGJ! XXVI. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1832-1894) The Reform Acts and the growing interest in party pollics -The industrial revolution-The changed face of the country-The growth of Cardiff-The development of local governn1ent-Activity and efficiency of the local councils-Development of education: primary, secondary, higho:r-The University of Wales, 1894- XXVII. CoNCLUSION National feeling and imperial sympathies-Conservatism and energy-The Welshman as a colonist-" lch dien." INDEX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. CARNARVON CASTLE Frontispiece PAGE CADER IDRIS • I A GLIMPSE OF SNOWDON 4 A TYPICAL W~LSH• FACE It " THE ROMAN STEPS " IN ARDUDWY 25 IN THF: LAND OF THE FREE • J6 RHUDDLAN CASTLE. 44 A BIRD'S-EVE VIEW OF KIDWELLY CASTLE 58 ABERDARON CHURCH 62 DOOR OF ABERDARON CHURCH 75 CORWEN AND THE VALLEY OF 1'HE DEE 90 CHEPSTOW CASTLE AND THE WVE 95 RUINS OF LLANTHONV ABBEY Ill BANGOR CATHEDRAL 122 STONE COFFIN OF LLVWELVN THE GREAT • 144 CRICCIETH CASTLE I 52 ON THE MENAI 174 THE lAST HOME OF 'Y.'ELSH INDEPENDENCE • 190 CONW A V CASTLE •• 196 EAGLE TOWER1 CARNARVON• CASTLE 200 HARLECH CASTLE • 206 THE RUINS OF DENBIC.H CASTLE :uo CAERPHILLY CASTLE 228 GATl::WAV OF ST. QUENTIN'S CASTLE 248 xxiii xxiv UST OF ILLl/STRA.T/0.\"S NGlt FLINT CASTLE :zs6 VALLE CRUCIS • 270 RUINS OF ABERYSTWYTH CASTLE 280 HARLECH C-'STLE 290 TO THE MEMORY or TUDUR ALED AND OTHERS 30Z CADER IDRIS 316 CAREW CASTLE. 324 BIRD's-EYE VIEW OF ST. DAVID'S CATHEDRAL 338 THE RUINS OF NEATH ABBE\" • • 3H GATEWAY OF EPISCOPAL PALACE, LLANDAFF 351 JOHN WILLIAMS 356 RAGLAN CASTLE 358 CONWAY CASTLE 362 CHIRK CASTLE 366 PEMBROKE TOWN AND CASTLE • •• 370 LLANRWST BRIDGE • 374 ON THE EDGE OF THE GREAT COAL IJED 382 THE ARAN 0\'ER BALA LAKE 388 NEWPORT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY • 392 NANTY GLO 394 A CORNER OF BLAENAU FfESTINIOG 396 THE OLD AND THE NEW J98 MENAI BRIDGE • 40l MAPS. CYMRU 2 THE CYMRY IS RO:\IAN WALES 23 WALES DURING THE NORM...W CONQt;EST 61 WALES AFTER THE CONQt"EST BY EDWARD I. 20J WALES IN THE THIE or OWEN CLENDOWER 273 WALES. AFTER TUDOR TIMES 392 INDEX [Welsh dd =tit in • 11rrathe" ; f = English v: ff = .f; w = oo. The Welsh I is written v in this book, Welsh c always = k.] A Alexander of Bangor, n2 Alfred, King, 34 Aber, "of the white shells," q.o, Alice, d. of Henry de Lacy, 204 159, 185, IQO America. 348, 397 Aherconway, 141, 143, 157, 159, Amicia, 103 175, 193, 239, 346 ; see Mae Amobr, a fine, 222 nan Anarawd ap Griffith, 82, 83 Aberdare, H. A. Bruce, Lord, Anarawd ap Rhodri, 35 401 Angharad, d. of Meredith, 40 Abcrdaron, 62, 64, 75, 76 Angharad, w. of G. ap Conan, Aberdovey (Aberdyvi), 133, 141, 64 IH Angharad, d. of Lord Rees, 94 Aherffraw, 37, 6o, 1()6 Angles, 17, 26, 28-30, 40 Abergavennv, 97. 98, Ill, 140, Anglesey, 12, 13 ; see Mon ; 196, 200, 237, 314, 349; see Hast 213, 26r, 312, 317, 329, 363, ings • 390 Aber Gwili, 30, 355 Anian, bp. of St. Asaph, 171 Aherllciniog, 57, 6-J., 66 Anne Neville, w. of Richard III., Abermarles, 317 299 Aberystwyth, 72, i71 83, 129, 130, Aran, mountain peak, 5, 244 lit', 179. 2i9. 401 Ardudwy, 197 Acb Arennig, mountain peak, 13 Education, 401 Arllechwedd, 196 L1c:1l Government, 400 Armada, Spanish, 353 Pmpa,(!ation of Gospel, 379 Arthen, Gwent chief, 112 Rdorm, 395 Arthur, 29. 30, 109, 112, 20!1 ; Repression, 274-5 crown of, 31, IQO, 208 Union, ::;rr, 327, J35 Arthur, s. of Geoffrey, 103 Adam ofl'sk, 276 Arundel, FitzAlans of; 357 Aelfg:~r of Mercia, 41 • Arundel, Edmund FitzAian, A~reement of the People, 376 second earl of, 2.~3 Agrk,,la, 23 Arundel, Richard FitzAlan, first Alexander of Scotland, 73 earl of, 205 INDEX Arundel, Richard FitzAian, third Battles (co11/ilm~d) : earl of, 253 Evesham, 170, 230, Z39 Arun.Jei,Richard FitzAlan,fourth Fdhanlea, 29 earl of, 253, 257 Grosmont, qo Arundel, Thom;lS FitzAian, fifth Highnam, 300 earl of, 253, 257, 258, 270, 271. lnkcrman, 405 Arvon, 3, 8, 5r, 187, 197 Llandeilo, rill! Arwystli, 51, 56, 73, 88, 313 Moel y Don, 187 Assembly of Nominees, \Velsh Mortimer's Cross, 294 members, 377' Mynydd Carn. 5_. Asser, bioftrapher of Alfred, 35 Mynydd Pwll l\ldyn, 281 Astley, Sir jacob,1365 Naseby, 359, 364 Aulus Didius, 20 Northampton, 293 Aulus Plautius, 18 Pencader, 41 Avon(= river), 1I4 Rhyd y Groes, 41, 42 St. Albans, 294 St. Dogmels, 55 B St... 'agans, 368 Shrewsbury, 278 Bacon, Stephen, 164, 166 Tewkesbury, 296 B1la, 202, 259 Towton, 295 B:ddwin, archb. Canterbury, Towy, 41 · 105, 12] Vyrnwy, 276 Bangor, 91., 119, 121, 129, 28-J. Baxter, Richard, 328, 332, 381 3-Jl, 349. 401 Beaumaris, 201, 202, 213, 200 Bangor, diocese, 17, n8 Beavers, 117 Bard>, 215, 234. 261-268, 299, Bede, 29 3o8, 378 ·Beh:sme, Robert of, 57, 63, 67- Bardsey (Ynys Enlli), 6.J 70, 122 Barlow, bp. St. David's, 3_.o-3_.1 Benedict XII., 279 Rarmouth (Abermaw), 118 Bcnnt!tt, John, Jesuit, 3.50 Barry, Ill Bernard of Neufmarche, 55, 59, Barons' \Var, t6q 6:;. 110 Basaleg ( Maesaleg), 26o Berwyn, 3, 17, 19, 89, 2.J4, 26Q, Basingwerk, 86, 91, 92, 178, 346 313 Battles- Bible, Welsh, 348-350, 368 Aber Gwili, 40 Bifort, Lt., bp. of Bangor, 2i?. Agincourt, 403 285 Albuera, 403 Birds, JOQ, 116, 121, 263, 281 Bannockburn, 215 Black Death, 244-247 Bloody Acre (Gwaed Erw), 52 Black Mountains (~lynydd Du), Bosworth, 300 6, 7. 15, 17, 35. 136, 205 Bron vr Erw, 5l Black Nations. 33 Bryn Gtas, 276 Black Prince, 236, 23?-2-JI, 247 Cardigan, 78-79 Bleddvn ap Cynvyn, 43-50 Chester, 29 Blue Knight of Raglan, 293 Conway,35 Blvth, bp. Geoffrey, 325 • Cressy, 239. 240, 255. 271, 403 B'Odville, J., one of Xominees, Deorham,29 359 Edgecote, 245. 297 Bohun, Humphrey de, earl of Edgehill, 354. 359. 36o Hereford, 205 INDEX Bohun, Humphrey de, earl of Cadwallon, 29 Hereford, 2o6, 227 Cadwallon ap Madoc, 95 Bourne, bp., 326 Caer, see Chester Bow (long, short, cross), 112, Caereinion, 72, 164 213, 237-239, 241, 247, 295 Caerleon (Caerlleon ar Wysg), Braose, Gilcs,dt, 134 23, 112, 202, 253. 314 Braose, Tohn de, 136 Caerphilly, 171, 199, 205, 227, Braose, Matilda de, 170 233 Hraose, Re)!inald de, 135 Caerwys, 157, 202 1 305 'llraosc, William de, 97, 98, 102- Caio, 115 • 104, IIQ-114 Camalodunum, 21 Braosc, William de, 137 Cambridge (Caergrawnt), 347 Bradshaw, Judge, 331-332 Canterbury (Caer Gaint), 126, Brecon (Aberhonddu), 56, 103, 243 136,178,205,313,325,349 Cantrev, division of land, 148 Brecknockshire, 313, 318, 329, Cantrev Coch (Red Cantrev), 376 318 Brereton, Sir William, 361, 363 Cantrevs, Four, 161-I63, 166, Hretwalda, 26 169, 171, 179, 181, 186, 197 Brian of the Island, 11 I Cantrev Mawr, liS Brid;.?;north, 68-70, 231, 274 Caradoc of Gwent, 54 Bristol (Bryste), 43, 244, 257, Caratacus (Caradog), 19-20 J6J, 365 Carausius, 27 Britain, 27, 147; crown of, 31 Cardiff (Caerdydd), 7, 55, 59, 97, Britons, 23, 2<), .:H. 76, 147, 353 II4,1J0,140,202,230,233.259. Brittany (Llydaw), 54, 100, 278, 278,314,328,352,364.377.378, 2Q6, 2<)8,353 400,401 . Brown, J., one of Nomintes, 377 Cardigan (Abertdvi), 72, 78-79, Brute, \Valier, 267, 26!! QI,94, 101,137,202,263 Brycheinio)!, s, 35, 40, so, 55,65, Cardiganshire, 198, 20Q, 214.274, 79, 103, 10!!1 313 312,315,318,329,376 Brvn hill Carew, 57, 278, 364 Brythons, 12-17 Carmarthen (Caer Vyrddin), 23, Buckingham, Duke of, 298 24,77,82,84,115,132,137,140, J:lulkele~·s, 320 • 164, 178,202,212,258,259.277. Builth, town (Lianvair llfuallt) 278,286, 30I,J171 322,3411 349 and district (Buallt), 13(\, 131!1, Carmartht:nshire, 1<)8, 299, 300, l6tl, Hl3, 202, 304, 313 312, 315, 318, 329, 376, 3!!6 Carnarvon (Caernarvon), 23, 24o c 1191 201,202,2o8,2121 26o,275, 27ll Cadell ap Griffith, 1'7, 93 Carnarvonshire, 1()6, 272, 312, Caddl ap Rhodri, 3S 317,329,376,399 Cader I dris, I, 5, 27 2 Carnwyllion, 317 C;tder \'ronwen, 5 Carreg Cenen, 277 Cado;.?;an tCadwgan) ap Bleddyn, Castell Hywel, 400 b5-73 Catuvelauni, 19 Cadw.lladr, king of Britons, 2'1), Ceawlin, Saxon leader, 28 :u. 310 Cecils, 311, 326, 348 Cadwaladr ab 0. Gwynedd, Ceiriog, river, 1.!9 lSI-tiS, IS7-t19. 91, 92, 1Ji Ceiriog (.J. C. Hughes), poet, 393 INDEX Celt, 12-15 Clare, Gilbert de Clare, 207,219, Cemmes, 57-59. 132 225, 233 Cenarth, 71 Clare, Roger de, 88, 9.l Cenfig, 59,202,259 Clare, Richard de, of Gloucester, Cenwulf, king of Mercia, 33 ¢, 103, lll Ceredigion, S. IS. 30, 35, 41, 50, Clare, Richard de, of Pembroke, 57. 6«;1. 71, 73. 77. 81, 8..J, 88, Strongbow, 94, f/1 rp, 129, 163, I6q, 178, 181 ; Claudius, emperor, 18 see Cardiganshire Clergy, Welsh, 118, 121, 183, Ceridwen, 30 • 223, 346, 38o, 384 Cevn Di~ll, 214 Clifford, Roger, r6q. 185 Charles 1., 355. ~57, 364. 365 Clifford, Walter, 88, 93 Charles II., 381 Clwyd, Vale of (Dyffryn Clwyd), Charles VI. of France, 282 7. 48, 121, 179. 212 Charles, Thomas, of BaJa, 390 Cole, Coitus, JO Charlton- Coleshill, 12 I Edward, 253 Colleges, proposed, 381 ; theo- John, 232, 253 logical, 400; l'niversity, 401 ]ohn,253, 258,272,304 Coloni,;.ation, 397, 402 Chepstow, rp, 2¢, 314. 361, 367 Commote, division of land, q8 Chester (Caer), 23, 24. 29, 4>-49. Conan ab Owen Gwynedd (Cy· 56, 63, 73. 86, ll9. 91, 100, 121, nan), 82, 85, 86 150, 163, 166,175, 181, 18..J, 212, Conan ap Rhodri, 32-34 274. 278, 319. 361, 367, 390 Conoch, 341 Chester, earldom of, see Hugh Conway, Conwy, ri\·er, valley, the Wolf, Roger, Ranulph, town, 3, 34, 129, 157. 15!1, 162, Hugh Cyveiliog, Simon de 178, 18..J,J8Q,19J,201,202,2ll, Montford, Edward I. 272, 357. 36J Children, 114. 131, 274. 285, 372 Cornwall, 29 Chirk (Castell y Waen), 20..J, Coroners, elected by freeholders, 225, 357. J67 333 Christiana, w. of 0. Gwynedd, Corwen, 56, 89, 93, 285 125 Council of princes, 133, 143, Christianity, 20, 24. 28, 30, 125, f. 144-qo, qq, 167, 175, 1!!9 268 Count of the Saxon Shore, 26 Chronicle of the Princes (Brut County Council, 400 y Tywysogion), 31, 102, J.t7, Court, County, 333 175. 18o Court of High Commbsioners, Church, Welsh, 107, il2, 125- 3.. 8 126, 146, 182, 183, 282-28..J, Court of the Marches of Wales, 304. 31:!5 303, J.:!l-330, 3.. 7 Cilgeran, 57. 91, 117, 207 Court of 1\laro.:h Jord:;hip, 32 t, Cil Owen, ti6 330 Cistercians, 30, 92, 102, 131, q.J, Courtenay, Hugh, 377 146, q8, 193. 212, '267. )46 Cowbridge (Pont Vaen), 59, 202, Clare, 136, q6, 25..J. ;346 349 Clare, Eleanor de, 225 Co~1y, 59, 227. 26::!, 279 Clare, Gilbert de, 72, 7J. f/1 treuddvn, commnte of, lrP Clare, Gilbert de, the Red, earl Criccieth, 154. 108, 201, 202, 259 of Gloucester, 169-172, 188, Cromwell, Oliver, 13, 311, 357• 199, 20,5, 207, :ZO<), 211, 21,5, 234 367-373o3i9,3!iJ INDEX Cromwell, Thomas,31I-312,325, Demet;e, 15 34D-341 Denbigh (Dinbych), 3, 161, Ii9r Crug Mawr, 1!7 1!!9, 202, 204, 2121 259, 367 i Crusades, 99, 108, 112, 114, I!'], dogs of, 13 121, 12J, Jll6, 255 Denbighshire, 312, 317, 329, 377 Cunedda, family of, 27 Dermot, 96 Cwm Hir, 141, Ill!!, 346 Dervel Gadarn, 341, 345 Cyml1cline, 19 Despenser, Hugh lc, 225, 229 Cymer, or Vanncr, 157, 346 233. 234· 259 Cymru (Wales), 3, 147 Dialects, Welsh, "8, 197, 317-319 Cymry (the Welsh), 147 Dinas Bran, 164,. 205, :26<} Cynddelw, 92, 991 101, 124, 146 Dinas Dinlle, IS' Cynddylan, 30 Dingestow, 98 Cynog, saint, 107 Dinorwic, 23P Cynwrig ap Rees, uS Dissenters, 384, 387 Cynwrig ap Rhiwallon, 5o-52 District Council, 400 Cyveiliog, l:lll, Ill3, 313 Dol= meadow Dol Aeron, 266 D Dolbadarn, 190 Dolgellau, 282, 283, 334 Danes, 17, 34, 39, 40 Dolvorwyn, 178, 204 David (Dcwi), patron saint, 30, Dominicans, 262, 264, 265 341 Dovey (Dyvi), 5, uS, 272, 313 David Gam, Sir, 283, 289 Dragon Standard, 255, 275, 300 David Lege! Brith, 271 Dryslwyn, 211 Davies, bp. Richard, 349 Dublin (Dulyn), 34 Davydd ab O.Gwynedd (Davydd Dumbarton, 34 J.), ll(J, 93 1 1001 1191 121 1 125, Dux Britanniarum, 26 ll!l Dyddgu ("Fair as day"), 262 • Davydd ap Llywelyn (Davydd Dyer, John, 403 II.), 143· ISO, 153-159 Dyffryn = valley Davydd ap Griffith (Davydd Dyftryn Clwyd, see Clwyd lll.), 100, 107, 173. 175. 178, Vale of 182, I8J-Ifl6, !89-193 Dynevor, 37, 53, 6o, ']6, 115, 164 Davydd ab Edmund, 3o6, 307 168, 210, 277, 317 Davydd ap Gwilym, 261, 263, Dyserth, 164, 169 • 2o6-268, jo6,314,319 Dyv~d, 35, 53, 57, 6o, 65, 68-70 Davydd B..:nvras, 147 79, 91, 94. 132, 136, 137. 164 Davydd lonawr, 31<7 Davydd 1\anmor, 306 E Decangi Canai 15 19 Dee (Dy~rdwy); I, J, 41, 48, 89, Eadgytb, w. of G. ap Llywelyn 122, 104, 2 52, 261), 307 42 D~:n~reux, bp. Richard, 3-P, 343 Eadric the Wild, 46 D..:ganwy, 27, 33, S.l. 57, 6-t. 66, Edeyrnion, 56, 197, 269, 277 Ill}, 157, ltll, I% 166, 16<}1 Edmund, see Tudor I Edward II., 208, 20<), 218-235 Evans, Theophilus, 383-3!4 Edward III., 236, 239, 255, 257 Ewer, Col., 361! • Edward IV., 292, 297, 322 Ewyas Lal·y, 225. 318 Edward V., 297-2911 Exder, 326 Edward VII., 401 Edward, Prince of Wales, 291- 296 • F Edwards, Roger, 395 Einion, 154 Fairies (Tylwyth Teg), 1l4 Einion, poet, 147 Faulkes de Breaute, 130, 1.19 Einon, l.!ij • 1-'eathers, Prince of Wales', 240, 295 Eisteddvod, ua-roz, 305-307, Ferrers, Lord, 322 390-393. 40.. Eivion, Eivionydd, 3, 197, 201 Flemings, 70, 72, 77, 79, Bz, &1, Eivl," Rivals," mountains, 2o8 ~15 Eleanor, w. of Llywelyn the Fhnt, J, 84, 87, 17!1, 18_., 361 Great, 176 Flintshire, 1911, 312,317,329, J77 Eieanor, w. of Llywelyn ap Flower-Aspect (Biodeuwcdd),JO Flowers, named after the Virgin, G., d. of Simon do Montfort, 26.j. Lady of Snowdon, 175, 177, 180, 261! Flowers, Vale of, sa Strata Eleanor, w. of Edward I., 193, Florida France, 21f•, 239, 2.p, 276, 278, 20<) 279, 281) Eleanor, ~ Gilbert the R~d, 225 Elen of the Legions, 24, 30 Franciscans, 146, 170, 262-271, Elidir, 147 2711,342 Elidorus, 114 Friars, 262-268, JO.J-305, 345 i Elizabeth, queen, 326-328, J47 see Dominicans, 1-'randscans JO:Iizabeth of York, 151, 2911 Elizabeth," the \Velshwoman," G 193 Ellesmere, 318 Gavel-kind, JW Ellis, Thomas, 397 G •.veston, Piers, 204, 211), 225, Elucidarium, 26~ c. 226 Eluned, feast of, 109 Geneu'r Glyn, lordship of, t6J- Elvel, 5, 59, 102, 103, 108, 313 162, 164 England (Lioegr), s. 66, 82, 84, Geoffrey of Monmouth, 113 137,169,348, 352,372,397' Gerald of Windsor, 65, 7o-71, England, New, first hint of, 348 77- 110 En~lfield, Englefeld (Tegeingl), Gerald the Welshman, see 1:18, 1(}8 Giraldus English, 92, 3~ Gerard, of Court of \\'al~s, 3,16 Enid, 262 Gerard, Col. Charles, 36.1-365 Epynt, mountains, c;Q, 348 Gibson, John, sculptor, 403 Eryri, Snowdon range, 3 Gildas, 2!1 Essex, Earl of, 36o Gild Merchant, 258-26o Ethelfrith of Northumbria, 29 Giraldus Cambn:nsis, 105-123, Eva, w. of Strongbow, 96 124-126, q6, 201, 2J7, 21!J, En, d. of Madoc, W 317 Evans, Arise, 13 Gladys, d. nf G. ap Rees, 95, 97 E\-ans, Philip, Jesuit, 352 Gladys Ddu llhe Dark), 151, 159 INDEX Glamor,::an, sec 1\Iorgann wg, Griffith ap Meredith (Gruffydd 97. 113, 132, 16~, 10<}, 170,205, all Meredydd), 181-183, 1i18 20<), 212, 226, 234 Griffith ap Nicholas, JC7 Glamorgam;hire, 314, 318, 329, Grifiith ap Rces (Gruffydd ab 3(•4, 369, Jj6, Jill, 39!}-~oo Rhy~), 63, 76-79, 101)-llO, 117, Glamorgan, \"ale of (Bro Mor n8 gannwg), 7, 8 Griffith ap Thomas, beheaded, Glamorgan, Earl of, 367 ; sec 323 Herbert Griftith of Pool, 23; Glasgwm, to8 Griffith, Ellis, soldter, 2~6, 322 Glevum, 19 ; sec Gloucester Grifiith,J ohn,of C~:_fnamwlch,359 Gloucester (Caerloew), 29, 32, Griffith, Richard;" Lancastrian, 23 I, 274, 319, 360 ; earldom 299 of, st'e Robert of G., Clare Griftiths, Anne, hymn-writer, 390 Gloul·estcrsbire, 323 Gunpowder, political import- Glyndyvrdwy, 269, 277, 285 ance of, 247 Glyn of Glyn Llivon, 377 Gurth, son of Godwin, 41 Glynrhonddu, 314 Gutyn Owen, poet, 305 Guidels, 12-17, 23 Gwalchmai, ~7, 92, 101, 148 l:Joodman, Dean, 350 Gwendolen, w. of Lord Rees, 107 Goronwy Owen, 12, 390 Gwenllian, d. of G. ap Conan, Gower (Gwyr), !)z, 115, 136,229, 78, us 259. 314 Gwenllian, d. of Lord Rees, 100 Grt·gory X., 175 Gwenllian, d. of 1\Iadoc, 101 Grey Friars, 21'4, sec Franciscans Gwenlfian, d. of Llywelyn, 185, Grey, Reginald de, second lord 214 of Ruthin, 1K2 Gwen, "the white one," 237 Grey, Reginald de, third lord of Gwent, 12, 15, 24, 35, 40, 59, 65, Ruthin, 251, 2jO, 272, 293 98, Ill, 2'!17 1 200, 278,313 j SCOt Grev, Sir John, 240 Monmouthshire Grillith = Gruffydd Gwenwynwyn, 102, 128, 129, Grillith ab Owen, 232 131, 133 Griflith ap Conan (Gruffydd ab Gwerthrynion, 95, 107, 163 Cynan,) 51-56, 63-66, 68, jo, l)Gwestva, a tax, 223 73-;6, 7ti-8o Gwilym, nephew of Glendower, Gritlith ap Conan ap G., 118 272 Griftith ap Davydd ap Griffith, Gwilym Hiraethog, 395 251, zsz Gwledig, 26 Grillith ap Griftith ap Rees, 117, Gwydion ab Don, 30 1~9. IJO Gwynedd, 5, 15, 37, 40, 41, 46, Grilhth ap Gwenwynwyn, 155, 53. s6, 68, j +. 78, 82, n8, 128, 157, 1t4, I6j, 16<), lj2, 173, 133 175· 177. 183 Gwynllwg, or Gwenllwg, 113, Grithth ap Llywelyn, king, .p-43 313 Grithth ap Llywelyn the Great, Gwynne, Judge, 336 1.-~. 142, 150, 15~-151l Gwys, 137 Grittith ap !lladoc (Gruffydd Mador), Ot1, 102, Ul · H Grit'tith ap ~l.td Harris, Howd, 387-31!8 Hirlas horn, 99 Hatlison, 378-31!0 Holt, 361 Harold, 41-.J3, 122 Holyhead (Caergybil, 40 Harp, the, 101, 289 Holywell (Treffynnon). 1 2Q. 151 Hastings, Sir Edward de,' 251 Hope (Estyn), tt!l, 18-4, 1~, :159 Hastings, John de, second Baron, Horm, Danish sea-king, 34 20'], 219 Horton, Col., 368 Hastings, John de, 251 Hotspur, 2)-l, l58, 271 • Havard, J en~in, castellan, 277 Howel the Good (Hywel Dda), Haverford west ( H wlffordd), 115, 35-37 ; see Laws of Howd 136, f37. 262, 299, 320, 363. Howel, bp., 155 371, 377 • Howel ab Edwin, 41 Hawarden ( Penarlag), 18-4, 350, Howel ab Owen Gwynedd, 82, 361 85 Hawys of P owys, 232 Howel ap Griftith ap Conan, Hay (Gelli), 169 141 Heath, bp., 326 Howel ap Rhodri, 32, 33 Henry 1., 6 8-78, 116 Howel Gethin, 271 Henry II., 9, 85-95. 112, 113, Howel Sele of Nannau, 283 116, 121 Howel Vychan, 271 Henry Ill ., 135. 153, 114, 165, Howel Vychan, spy, 278 168, 171, 172 Hubert de Burgh, 139-1-40 Henry IV., 229. 2)-l, 256, 258, Hubert's Folly, 139 27Q-278 Huet, Thomas, 3-49 Henry V, 272, 281, 28<)-291, 321 Hugh Cyveiliog, too, 102 Henry VI., 291-295 Hugh of Chester, the Wolf, 48, Henry VII., 292, 294, 2<)6, 298- 53. 57. 63. 66, 119 301, 310, 323 Hugh the Red, see Montgomery H.mry VIII., 151, 329 Hughes, bp. of St. Asaph, 351 Henry of :-Javarre, 353 Hughes, Stephen, 387 Henry de Bohemo nd, 77 Hundred system, 333 Herberts, 311 Herbert, George, poet, 376 Herbert, Henry, earl of Pem-t broke, 328 I ill, Yale, 86 Herb.:rt,Henry ,Parliamentarian, Iberian, loose meaning of term, 359 10, 12-14 Herbert, lord of Raglan, earl of h:h dien, 2-40, 402 Glam Jrgan, 360, 367 Ida, the flame-bearer, 28 Herbert, :\lary, Countess of levan Clochydd, 271 Pembrok~. 328 Jeuan Deulwyn, 2Q7, 3o6 Herbert, Walter, 2()9 lndependclll, 367, 361! Herbert, Sir William, Yorkist, Innocent Ill., IJI, IJ~ 293-297 Innocent IV., 156-157 Herbert, William, earl of Pem· Instrument of Government, ~77 broke, 3o8, 325-326 lolo Goch, lolo of the Red Herbert, William, Rovalist, 357 Gown, 2-40, 255, 271, 277, 2113, Hereford (Henffordd), 32, .p, 286, 300 49-51, 122, 202. 27-l· 29-l. 319 Jolo Morgannwg, 3R7 Herefordshire, 318, 323 Jorwerth ab Owen, 95 Hiraethog, mountains, t61,312 lorwerth ap Bleddyn, 68-72 INDEX 413 Ireland, 15, 34, 51, 64, 66, 76, 87, Kenyon, Judge, 336 91, 9-f, Cj6, 106, 116, II7, 137, 1\:idwelly, 58, 59, 77, 79, 94, liS, 224, 236, 244, 2j6, 367 132, 138, 199, 317 Irish, 52, 254, 361 Iron, magic properties of, 13, L 24, 397 I rvon, river, 188 Labour, 244-247, 250, 271, 281 Isabel, ll. of Strongbow, 96 288, JO!l, 337, 403 I slwyn, 11, 319, 393 Lacharn, lordship~{ 317 lthel ap Grifnth, 46 Lacy, Henry de, 204, 212 lvor Hael (the Generous), 261, Lake legends, 13~,.374 ' 314 Lambe, John, assassin, 242 lvor the Little (lvor Bach), II3 Lampeter (Lianbedr Pont Ste- phan), III:i, 274 J Lamphey, 342 Lancaster, Henry IV. ack Glan y Gors, 387 sec acohites, Welsh, 31:i4 Lancastnans, 2ll5, 294 amt:s 1., 335 Lance, the, 119, 213, 216, 238 a'per, see Tudor Langley, Geof1rey, 161-162, 164 dfreys, Judge, 331, 332, 37!!, Laud, archbp., 355, 375 l381 Laugharne (Talachorn), 278 Laugharne, Major-Gtn. Row- enkins, Jud~e, 373 esuits, Welsh, 345, 35D-352 land, 365-368, 371, 372 Jews, 1!!2 Laws of Howe!, 37-39, 40, 183, Joan, w. of Llywelyn the Great, 18'],232, 301! 128, IJO, f40 Lear, king, 30 Joan, heiress of Pembroke, 182 ; Lee, bp. Rowland, 325, 326, 329 sec \'alence Leek, the, 255. Some take the John, king, 103-1o6, 128-134, daffodil as the national floweD. IH The \\'ebh word cwltiuw, Jones, E. Burne, 403 pl., cmiu, is the same for both Jones, Grif11th, Llanddowror, Le::om inster (Lianllieni ), 122, 27 4 386-387 Lewis, wise physician, 381 Jones,Cui.John, 1\faesyGarnedd, Lewis, David, Jesuit, 352 Lewis, George:: Cornewall, 395 373. 377. Jt'J ones, Col. 1\fichad, 363 Lewis Glvn Cothi, 297, 306, 308 ones, Col. Philip, Swansea, 378 Lewis, John, of Abc:rystwyth, ones, Robert, Jesuit, 351-352 3131 ones, R., of Trewern, 359 Liverpool, 7, 165, 363, 397 udges, \\"elsh, 336-337 Llanavan, 107 ulius Frontinus, 23 Llanbadarn, 118 ury, 2:!2, 223 Llanheris, 4 ustke, of Chester, 198 ; of North Llanbleddian, 59 \\'ales, 349; of Snowdon, 197, Llandaff, diocese of, I'J 329; of South \\'ales, 198, 329 Llandderfel, 345 Justice of the pea... -e, 331-333 Llanddewi Brevi, uS Llanddowror, 386 1\: Llanddlo, IllS Llandovery (Llanymddyvri), 77, 1\:emevs, Sir Nich••Lis, 368, 369 ll8, :uo, 27'], 31'], 401 1\:cnilworth, 176, 177, 11!5 Llandudno,27 414 1.\'DEX Llandyvrydog, 66 llaelgwn ap Rees placlgwn ab Llaltgorse, 204 Rhy>), 117, uS, 119. 126, 129 Llanidloes, 332 131-IJJ, qo . Llanrhaidr ym Mochnant, 348, ::llaclgwn Gwynedd, 2j, I,H 349 ::llaelgwn Vy~:han, oi Dyved, Llan Rhystyd, 8-4 212, 2q Llanstephan, 82 .Maelor, Yale of (0\'ffrm :\laelor), Llantony, 111 3,29, 15~ • .:~6c); \Vebh':l!.tdor Llantrisant, 2J-lt 259 (:\Iador Gymraeg\, 313; Eng· Llan Vaes, qo, 185, 262, 271 lish 1\Iac:lor (:\laelor S.tesnegl, Llanvad (Brycheiniog), 108 198 Llanvyllin, 2o!, 332; deer of, 13 Maenan, 193 ; s.·e Aben:nnwav Llech Lavar, 116 1\laesaleg, Jo6, :u" ; sa Basaleg Lleyn, 3, 51, 53, 179, 197, 208 1\laesy\'ed, sa Radnor Llio, 263 1\Iagna Carta, 126, 132-135, 1.p, Lloyd, F., of 1\laes y Velin, 359 373 Lloyd, John, student. 271 Magnus, 66, 119 Lloyd, Morgan, see Llwyd Manorbier, 105, 116 Lludd a Llcvelys, romance, 255 1\lansels, 320 Llwyd, Morgan, o Wynedd, 373, Mansel, Hussy, 377 376, 378-31!1 :llargam, 97, I q, 346 Llwyn Pina, 86 :llargaret, d. of Llywc:lyn, 136 Llywelyn ap Griffith, 159-192 :llargaret, d. of Gilbl:rt the 1-lt:d, Llywelyn aplorwerth (the Great), 225 u6., 127-151 · Margaret of Anjou, 291-293 Llywelyn ap Seisyll, .p 1\Iargaret, w. of Edward 1\'., Llywelyn Bren, 227-228, 233 2911 Lollardry, 267-268, 3l-l-Jo6 Margaret, Lady, Beaufort, 292, J..ondon (Caer Luddl, :H, 28, 45, 2911 150, 18o,188-t89, 219,285, 345 Marriage customs, q Longbow, St'e Bow 1\farshall, Richard, qo Lord Rees (Yr Arglwydd Rhys), Marshall, Walter, 1,54 see Rees ap Griffith !\larshall, William, earl of Pem Lud (Liudd Llaw Arian), 30 '. broke,96, 135-137 Ludlow (Liwydlo), 122, 139. 224, 1\larshall. William (youngt:r), 274. 2911 311, 3231 327, 351 134, 137-qo Martin of Tours, 57-59 !II Mary, the \'irgin ( Mair Vonryn), Mabel, of Montgomery, 49. 57 worship and ftowen of, 262- 1\fabd, d. of Fitz Hamon, 97 264 Mahinogion, Welsh tale,;, 124 Mary, queen, 311, 312, 327 !\lachynelleth, 232, 282, 283, 313 Mary, heiress of the Hohuns, 2.5-J Madoc (Mad•>g) 212-214 1\lathra\·aJ, 37, 130 Madoc ap Meredith (!\ladog ab l\faud de St. Val~rie, 103, 104 Meredydd), 78, 85. ll8, 89, w. !llaud Lon,ge-:pee, Countess of 100-101 Salisbury, 1(111 !\ladoc ap Rhirid, 71-73 • lllaurice Fitz Gt:rald, 94 Madryn, Col. Thomas, 378 Maurice of London, 79, 115 l\laeldav the Old (!\Iaddav l\lawddwy, lord,hip of, 315 ; Hen), 27 brigands of, 33-J ; gadtlies of, Maelgwn ap Cadwallon, 141 IJ INDEX 415 Meilir, a prophet, 113 Monasteries; dissolution of, 345- 1\feilir ap Rhiwallon, sr, 5~ 3~6 • Mcirionnydd, 5~ l:\2, <)-!. 128, 1\Ionks, see Cistercians 13!!, 16 J, HJ7 ; sec 1\lt:riondh, Monmouth (Mynwy), 170, 289, Jlleriundh:;hire 361,367 1\fclenydd, ~~. 951 108, 313 Monmouthshire, 313, 315, 319, Menai, 21, ll~, 119 32~ 364,37~ 378-399 Mendicant Orders, 156; see Monnington-upon-Wye, 285 Dominicans, Franciscans Monnow, river, 31,3 . Mcnnes, Sir John, 301, 363 Montfort, Amaury de, 177, 185 Mercia, 32-42, 47 Montfort, Eleanor • de:, see Meredith (lllcredydd ab Owtn), Eleanor, Lady<>of Snowdon 40 Montfort, Guy de, 176, 185 Meredith ab Owen ap Howe!, 46 Montfort, Henry de, 170 Meredith ab Owen of Cere Montfort, Simon de, ·earl of digion, 163, 167, 172 Chester, 102, x68-170, 175 Meredith ap Bleddyn, 68-74 Montfort, Simon de, 1;6, 1!:15 Meredith ap Conan (l\leredydd Montgomery (Trevaldwyn), 50, ab Cynan), 128 65, 171, lj7, 183, 202, 213 1 327, Meredith ap Griffith (1\leredydd 364 ab Gruffvddi, 46 Montgomery, Arnulf of, 57, 6Q, Meredith ap Grifiilh ap Rees, 84, u6 93 . Montgomery, Hugh of, the Red, Meredith ap Madoc, q6 57. 66, 119 Meredith ap Rc-c-s (1\fc-redydd ab Montgomery, Roger of, 49. so. 57 Rhy>), 163, 164, 167-16!:1, x;r, 1\lontgomeryshire, 313, 315, 329, 172 ; sons of, Hlr, 182 363 Meredith ap Robtrt, 141 Morgan ap Caradoc, 95 Meriondh, 24, II9; see 1\leirion Morgan ap Howe!, 157 • nydd Morgan Llwyd o \Vynedd, see llferionc:th,;hire, 197, 272, 274, Llwyd 3 u, 315, 320, 329, 3i7, 3!:13,. Morgan of Kidwelly, 300 400 Morgan of Morgannwg, 212 Merlin (Myrddin), 30, 113, liS, Morgan, Henry, buccaneer, 298 117, It'~, 20!l, 2ti6 Morgan, Thomas, of Pencarn, 1\lerthyr Tydvil, 39~ 352 1\lt:rvin (:\len·yn \'rych), 33 Morgan, Col. Thomas, 352 Mervin ap Rhndri, 35 1\lorgan, bp. William, translator !lliddlo:ton, Sir T., 359, 361, 363, of Bible, 3~5. 3~8-3-19 3h7, 368, 372 Morgan, \\'., m. of Long Parlia lll iliord (Aberdaugleddau), 257 ment, 359, 367 Mineral wealth oi Wales, 2~, 1\Iorgannwg, 15, 35, 40, so, 59, 70, :ws-4oo 73, 113, 136, 237, 27ll, 313; sec l\1 ilo, oi Hereford, 109, 110 Glamorganshire l\1 ilion, John, 3.28, 355, 368 Morris, Edward, of Perthi !lli,kin, 314 Llwydion, 308 Mold (\\'yddgrug) S..j, 85, 129• :\lorris, Lewis, of Mon, 390 I!.M.) Morris Stove, gr.~duate, 271 lll<>ll, 3. 7. 21, 24, 27, 3-1. 51, 57. !I! orris, William, 403 . (4, o6, 84. l Mortimer, Edmund, of Wig Newport, Pembrokeshire (Trev- IDIJI"e, d. I JO.J ; 205, 210 draeth ), 59. 16.l Mortimer, Edmund, 258, 276- Newport, S..'llop, 300 277, 285 Newtown (Drevnewydd), 300 Mortimer, Edmund, earl of Nicknames, 13 March, 275. 277, 289 Nom:onformisls, J.J5 1\lortimer, Eleanor, w. of Hot· Normans, Norsemen, 17, 33, 67, spur,25.J 4-J...(Jo • Mortimer, Ralph, IJ.J Northumberland, earl of, 325. Mortimer, Roger, 94. C)S, 102 326 Mortimer, Roger, of Wigmore, Northumbria, 32, 47 d. 1282; 16], 168-170, 172, North Wales, 101, 130, 210, 22"" 177, 178, 188, 234 24-f. 2j8, 275. 282, J.JJ, J61 Mortimer, Roger, of Chirk ; d. Nott, 403 1]26 ; • 20-J. 210, ll.J-225, 2Jo- 2JI 0 Mortimer, Roger, d. 1330; first Offa, 32 earl of March, 2I.J-2JI, 2JJ- Offa's dyke, 32, 318 2J.J Ogmore, 314 Mortimer, Roger, d. 136o; 239 Oldcastle, Sir John, 3~-305 Mortimer, Roger, d. 1381 ; third Olwen, q., 26 earl of March, 25-l Orderi1..-us \'itali g, 6.l Mortimer, Roger,d. 139-1; fourth Ordovkes, 15, 23 earl of March, 25-J Ostorius s,:apula, 19, 20 Morton, Cardinal, 295, 298 Oswestry (Croesoswallt), 8.), 8<), Morvudd, 262 21], ]18, 319, 363 ltfost~11, 361 Otto, Ottobon, legales, 1.54, 171 Murtagh, of Ireland, 68 Overstone, Lord, 403 1\lusic, Welsh, 101, 2fj> Owen ap Cadogan, 6_1, 71-78 1\lyddvai, doctors of, 375 Owen ap Griffith ap Llywelyn, Mytton, General Thomas, 300, ljj, 159, 100, 178, 179, liS<) 367 Owen ap Griffith ap Rees, 129. IJO, 141 N · Owen ap Madoc, 99 Nannau, Sion Davydd Las, bard Owen Cyvt:iliog, 7t1, 8<). 91, QS- of, 381 100, 102, 122, J.J6 Nanteos, healing cup of, J46 Owen Glendower (Owen Glen· Narberth, 77, 137, 317 dwr), 151, 252, 26!!-21.<7 Neath (Castell Nedd), 59. 97, I q, Owen Gwynedd, 7-f, 8H)J, 202, 2JJ, 259, 31-1. ].J6, 361l 1()()-JOI, 121 Nest, d of Rees ap Tudor, 7o-72, Owen of Powys, see Owen ar 76. 87, 116 Cadogan Nesta, w. of Bernard, 110 Owen of \\'ales, the Yeuain de Nevin, 119, 208, 259 Galles of Froi;;.<~.1rt., rrobably Newborough (Rhosyr, Niw- Owen Lawgoch ap Thoma~ b\\Tchl, 202, 259 ap Rhodri ap Llywclyn the Newcastle Emlyn (Castell New· Great), %-JI, 2.J% ydd Emlynl,16';, 211, 317 'Owen, Baron, JJ.J-335 New Monarchy, 296 Owen, Goronwy, 3')0 Newport, ~Ion. (Casne\lo1'dd), Owen, Hugh, of Oridton, 359 202, 2]0, 25(), 3% .JOO Owen, Sir Hugh, 401 INDEX Owen, Sir John, ,of Clenenau, Plough, praise of the, 308 , 354. 373 Porth Clais, 53 Owen, Morgan, bp. of Llandaff, Powel, Col. Rice, 369--371 375 Powel, Vavasor, 379, 381 Owen, Robert, apostle of labour, Povvys, S,8,I5,24,46,s6,65,68- 403 78, 91, 92, 98-roo, 102, 128, Oxforq1 237, 325, 348, 355 133 Powys Castle, 205, 232, 313 p Poyer, Col. John, 368-372 Pain of Turberville, 59, 228 Poyntz, 367 ~ Pain's Castle, 102 Presbyterianism, 367, 368 Parish system, council, 333, 336, Press, 347, 367, 395 400 Prestatyn, 91 Parliament- Presteign (Llanandras), '349, 367 English, 168, 170, 191,223, 224 Price, C., of Mynachty, 359 Welsh, 279, 2!!2-21'!3 Price, Ellis, the ''red doctor,'' United, 304, 320, 347 343 Long,328,345,359 Prke, Herbert, of Brecon, 359 Commonwealth, 376, 377 Price, Sir John, of Newtown, 359 British, 3941 397 Price, Richard, one of Nominees, Patagonia, Wdsh settlement in, 377 404 Price, William, of Rhiwlas, 359 Parry, Bp., 349 Prices, fluctuation of, 337 Patrick, Saint, horn of, 108 Prichard, Hugh, Fifth Monarchy Patrick de Sayes, 167, 178 man, 379 Payn FitzJohn, 109, 110 Prichard, Rees, the" Old Vicar," P;tyn Fitz Patrick, 178 375-378, 381 Priestholm lYnys Seiriol), 119 Pembroke (Penvro), 57, 65, 70, 1 I 16, 132, 137, 212, 296, 364, Primogeniture, 327, 335, 337 367-372; pigs of, 13; earldom Prince, principality, of Wales, of, S<'f Clare, Marshall, Valence, I7I,180,218-2I9,236-237,255, Hastings, Edward V., Herbert 279,289,29I,3I1,401,404 Pcmhrokeshire, 299, 312, 314, Prophecies, influence of, ll2-ll41 318,329,343.364,376 116, 188, 286 Pcncader, 9, 41 Puleston, Sir Roger, 212 Peckham, Archbp., 183, 185-187, Pwllheli, 259 ~~~~. 2~_, Pccock, Reginald, 267 1 2¢ I R Penllyn, 178, 197 Pcnmaen 1\fawr, 187 Radnor (Maesyved), 59, 105, 107 Penna!, 2112 Radnor~hire, 313, 315, 329. 377 Penry, John, 345-348 Raglan, 351, 359-36o, 367 l'cn:ics, 271!, 2t15 ; see Hotspur Ralph of Hereford, 42 l'dcrs, Hugh, 365, 371 Ranulph I. (le Meschin), earl of Philips, Col. James, 377 Chester, 85 Picton, 403 Ranulph II. (de Gernons), 100 l'idon Castle, 364 Ranulph Ill. (Biundeville) 102 l'ids 27 Ranulph Poer, 97, 98 l'l.t~~t', 27, 133. 285 Rebecca riots, 295 l'l111111nm••n, 5, 8, 14-17, 95, 143, Red Book of Hergest, 264 103, 3111 Red Rose, see Lancastrians 2& INDEX Red Owen (Owen Goch) sec Richard, bp. of Bangor, 154, 168, 0. ap Griffith 171 j Rees ab Owen (Rhys ab Owen), Richard, brother of Henry Ill., so • king of Romans, 154, 161, 165, Rees ap Griffith (Rhys ab 176 Gruffydd), the Lord Rees, 87- Richard, duke of York, 291, 292 Io3, 104. 107 Richard of Granville, 59 Rees ap Griffith ap Rees, 141 Richards, Judge, 333 ' Rees ap Griffith ap Rees ap Richmond, earl of, see Henry Thom(ls,322 VII. Rees ap Maelg•vn, 183, 188 Robert Fitz Stephen, 87, 91, 94 Rees ap Meredith, or Vychan Robert Fib; Hamon (Rhys ab 1\feredydd), 181, 182, Robert of Gloucester, 97, too 191, 2(>7, 21Q-211 Robert of 1\falpas, 48 Rees ap Thomas, 299-301, 3o6, Robert of Rhuddlan, 48-53, 55, 307, 309. JII, 322, J2J 64.65 Recs ap Tudor (Rhys ab Robert St. Quentin, 59 Tewdwr), 53-56, 59, 76 Robert Vipont, 130 Rees Gethin, 276 Roger of Chester, 67, 70, iJ, 78 Rees Goch (Rhys Goch ap Roger of 1\Iontaut, 155 Rhicert), 263 Rome, 18 ; influence of, 24-27, Rees 1\fechyll, 167 341, 352 Rees the Hoarse (Rhys Grug), Roses, Vale of, I 17 126,129,1311 133,136-138,140 Round Table, 2011 Rees the Little (Rhys Vychan), Rupert of the Rhine, 361, 365 163, 164, 167, 172 Ruth in (Rhuthyn), 161, 270, 349- Reform Acts, 395 350, 357; cats of, 13; lords of, Reformation, J4G-35J, 355 ee Grey Nevolution, Puritan, 34o-355, Ruthyn, Glamorgan, 314 373,378; French, 340,387 Rhaiadr, river, 313 s Rhaiadr, town, 94, 98, 325 St. Asaph, 121, 284; diocese of, 17 Rhagvel, sea-king's d., 51 St. Clears, 278 Rhiwallon ap Cynvyn, 43 11 St. David's, 40, 41, 52-55, 57, 65, Rhodri the Great (Rhodri Mawr), 102, 107, 117, Jill, 140, l()(), 34-35 283-2114, 341, 345; dim:ese oi, Rhodri l\folwynog, 32 17, 100, I 14, 244, 34o-343 ; Rhondda, 7 supposed metropolitan see of, Rhos, cantrev, 161 126 Rhos Llanerch Rugog, 7 St. Dogmels, 55, II7 Rhuddlan, 42, 50, 51, 86, 88, 91, St. Harmon, 107 93. 121, 129, 177-181, 184. 1117, St. Winifred's Well, 350 Ili8-19J, 202 Salesbury, William, 343, 349 Rhun ab Owen Gwynedd, 85 Salisbury, John, of Flint, 359 Rhuvoniog, 161, 18o Sampson, 6p. of Lil.:hfield, 323 Rhyd y Gors, 65 Savaddan, lake, 13, 109, 387 Rhymney, Rumney (Rhymni), Saxons,171 26,28-30 so. 313 Schools, grammar, 342, 349-350, Richard 1., 96 381 ; circulating, Jl!7-JI!!! ; Richard II., 27.5. 277, 285 Sunday, 390 ; elementary, Richard IIJ., 297-301 400 ; intermediate, 401 INDEX , 419 • Scotland, 142. 16~ 172, 18o, 206, Strathclyde (Ystrad Clwyd), 29 2JI, 216, 217, 2"/6, 372, 397 Strongbow, Richard de Clare, Scuddamore, John, castellan, 94.96 277 Suetonius, 'Paulinus, 21 Seiont, river, 201, 208 Swansea (Abertawe), 77, 144, Sc:isyll of Dyvnwal, 95, 97 259.400 Senena, ISS Sybil of Montgomery, w. of Sengtfenydd, 59, 132, 227 Fitz Hamon, 57, 6o Ses~ions, Great, 329-337 ; Petty, Sybil, w. of Milo.of Gloucester, 331 : Quarter, 333 no Severn (Havren), 3, 5, 7, 17, 19, Sycharth, 270, 27}1 28~ 29, 32, 41, 48, 73-74. 253. 298, 300, J21 Shakespere, on Welsh history, T 2tl7, 303, 328 Tacitus, 23 Sheriff, 333 Taffy (Davydd), 384 Shire system, 195-198, 31I-320, Talbots, the, 298, 300 333 Talgarth, 55, 3!!7 Shrewsbury (Amwythig), 5, 32, Tal y Llychau, 172 46, 48-491 66-68, 1::121 1281 139, Tawe, river, 136 ISS. 171, 173. 191, 274. 278, Taxation, 223, 320 3001 3191 300 Tegeingl, see Englfield Shropshire, 275, 298, 318, 323 Teivy, river, 81, 91, II7, 300 Sidney, Algernon, 332, 378, 381 Tenby (Dinbych y Pysgod), 364 Sidney, Sir Henry, 326-329 Teutons, 17, 26 Sidney, Mary, 328 Thelwall, Simon, 359 Sidney, Philip, 328 Thomas of Lancaster, 226, 231 Silures, 12, IS, 19-23 Thomas, Morgan, Yorkist, 2¢ Smythe, William, bp., 325 Thomas, David, Lancastriao, Snowdon (Y Wyddva), 3-8, 17, 2Q6 33, 52, 65, 86, 89, 121, 159. 17R, Thomas, William, o£ Aber, 359 ltlO, 185, 188, IQ4, IQ6, 271 ; Tibetot, Robert de, 210 Lady of, see Eleanor de Tintern, 137, 314. 346 Montford ; lords of, 179 ;• Tithes, 346 S<'<' Justice of Titus, 18 South Wales, South (Y Dehev Tostig, son of Godwin, 43 dir), 32, 37, 91, 94-96, 101, 102, Totems, 13 116, 12Q-13J, 1M, 178, ISO, Tower of London, 189, 192, 214. l~M, 195, 210, 224, 244, 272, 216, 218, 297-298 277, 2tl2, 300, 379 Towns, rise of, 201, 202, 258, Stankys, the, 300, 301 332 Star Chamber, 302-304 Towy (Tywi), river, 6, 317 Statutum Walliae (Statute of Towy, Vale of (Ystrad Tywil, Rhuddlan), 193-198, 233 7. 8, 35. 41, so, 76-79. 87, 93. Stepney, Sir J., 359 lSI, 2II, 278 Stradlinl!, Sir E., 359, 379 Towyn, u8 Strata Florida (Ystrad .Ftlur), 3I" Trahaiarn, 50-S.. 10.!, 118, 140, x.u. 172, 175. Trahaiam Vychan; 103 212, 214. 274. 284, 346 Trallwm, see Welshpool StralJ Mar~·dta (Ystrad Mar Treaty, see Montgomery, chdl), 2(4. J.u, 346 Rhuddlan 420\ INDEX Tregaron, 315 Tretvwer, Yor kist, 298 .... Trevecca, 387 \Vages, changes in, 2~,243 Trevor, bp. John, 2il), 285 Wales (Cymru), 3, q7 Triads, 305, 307-301), l23 \Velsh character, 10, 124, 188, Tuberville, Sir Thomas, 215- 192, 3-P. 38+ 400 216 \Velsh language, 112, 115, 202, Tudors, popularity of, 340 ; see 304. 311, 311), 334-337. 3411- Henry VII., Henry VIII., 350 Mary, Elizat.elh Welshmen's Candle (Canwyll y Tudor, Ar.thur, JII Cymry), 376, 381 Tudor, Edmun~ 292, 341 Welshpool (Trallwml, 73, r6.,J, Tudor, Jasper, 292, 294. 295. 299 202 1 2)2,253, 274,300,334 Tudor, Margaret !Lady Mar- \Venlock, 122 garet Beaufort), 292 \Vessex, 34-43,47 Tudor, Owen, 292 \Vhite Rose, Ste York Tudur Aled, 238, 267, 305, 307, White Ship, the, 67, 78, 100 09.3 0 Whitgifl, Archbp., 348, 349 Whitland (Hen Dy Gwyn), 115, u 172, )46 \Vigmore, 20.5. 318, 327 United Slates of America, 404 William I., 45 University, movement for, 271, William II., 65-67, 117 282, 284-28.5, 381, 400, 401 William f<'itz Martin, 94 Uriconium, 19. 29 William Fitz Oshern, 41)-50, 59 Usk tWysg), river, S. 293 William of Glouct:ster, 97, 103 Usk (Brynbuga), 112, 202, 352, William of London, 59. 77 364 Williams, John, archbp. of York, 354-356, 363, 367 • v Williams, John, one of Nomi· nees, 377 Valence, Aylmer de, 207 Williams, Judge, 378 Valence, William de, earl of Williams, Lord, of Thame, 326 Pembroke, 2o6 , 1Williams, Roger, 352-3 Valle Crucis, 172, 26Q, 286, 30.5. Williams, Sir Trevor, 371 346 Williams, William, Panty Cdyn, Van Lake (Llyn y Van), 13 JSQ-390 Vaughan (Vychan), Griffith, of Wilson, Richard, painter, 403 Caio, 27-J Windsor, 104 Vaughan, Roger, Yorkist, 2¢ Wogan, Thomas, 373 Vaughan, Henry, of Derwydd, Wolsey, Cardinal, 322, 343 359 \\'orcester (Caer Wrangon), 32, Vaughan, Henry, the Silurist, 65, I So, 231, 274; Marquis of, 376. 381 36o Vaughan, Rowland, of Caergai, \\'orcestershire, 323 387 Wrexham, 361 Vaughan, Thomas, Yorkist, 297 Wye (Wyl, ri\·er, S. 6, 32, so, Vaus, John de, 191 .. 108, •69 Veranius, 20 \Vynnes, Wynns, the, 320 Vespasian, 18, 23 Wynn, Elli~ Gla~ynys, 38 Voysey, John, 325 Wynn,)ohn,241 INDEX 421 Wynn, John, of CJwydir, 334 York, 211; House of, 285, 293, Wynn, Sir John,tf Gwydir,335, 294 . ~ 349 Ystrad Marchel~ see Strata. Marcella .Y Ystrad 1\reurig, 400 Yeuvain de Galles, see Owen of Ystrad Towy, s.:c Vale of Wales Towy t:bc Gre&bam J)rcss, VJo..WIN BROTHI!RS, LlliiTED, WOKING AND LONDON. ~ T. FIS~ER u.NWIN'S WELSH BtOKS ch~ W~lsb P~opl~. CHAPTERS ON 1'H!IR ~rJgtn, 1btstor)], 1aws, 1anguage, ·1iterature. BY JOHN RHYS, M.A.,. Principal ofJesus College, and P1·oftssor of Celtic ln tlze University qf Oxford, AND D. BRYNMOR-JONES, LL.B., Bencker of tlu Ho~t. Society qf the .!lfiddle Temple, .A.'i11g's Counsel, and .Jfember of Parliamerzt. CLOTH, DEMY Svo, 16/·. WITH TWO MAPS. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "Altogether, whether looked at from the point of view of the student of antiquities, ethnology, and folk-~ore, or from that of the modern politician or the student of national characteristics, we have seldom met with a more informing and valuable work. Nor is the mass of authentic information its sole merit. It is written brightly and sympathetically, yet with a remarkable abstinence from party colouring."-The Spectator. "Nothing ot such importance as this volume, to the student of Wales and the Welsh, has been published for a very long time. Just as Stephens' • Literature' of the Kymry' marked the beginning of better methods of literary criticism, so is this volume, as a restatement to a considerable degree of Welsh origins and history and life, likely to prove of lasting value. Any one who wants to know Wales will tum to it of necessity, and he may feel assured that he gets the opinion of experts, and that opinion substantiated by the best available facts."-Bookmart. LoNDON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATEJI.NOSTKil SQUAll.¥, E.C. Mr. FISHER UNWIN'S WELSH BOOKS. TWO RECENT NOVEl.S. Jobn Jon¢s. Curat~. BY G\VENDOLEN PRYCE. Cro<<'ll 8.:·o, C/ollt, 6/·. "The diref"t fascination of simple, healthy entertainment is exerci,cd by Gwendolen Prvce's to,·el, 'John Innes, Curate.' The scene is laid with111 a Welsh nnal ha~·en which is delight.iully pictured .... It is not too much tn say that the no,·el is an ideal one. and because of its fre,hnes.s and hunun feeling is far rtnlO\'ed from the onlinary. "-Dunda Ad<·<"rtiur. "While excdlent in respect of purely technic;t\ consid~r.ttion~. the story also bears e,·idence of being a picture, faithfully and carefully 'ketrhed, nf life in a part of Wales not yet o\·errun by the holiday·makcr, and where there is much primitive, hut lo,·able, Celtic nature .... !\li:-s Pryce has written a thoroughly readable no\·e\. "-5.-qtsman. "The whole story is well conceived and beautifully written. The reader who is familiar with the life of a \\'dsh country \'illagc immediately feels th.1: the writer has a full grasp of her subject, which she treats most naturally."- L/anc/l,r ,l/,·r.·ur;•. lltr; Lloyd George, M.P., writing of this book, aaya :- "I waa very much impressed with I& when I first had an oppor· tunity of glancing at it when in MS. On the whole I think it Ia about the bel'.l picture of Welsh life thai baa yet appeared in an English DOYel." Cr¢w~rn. A WELSH TALE OF THE THIRTIES. llY R. M. THOMAS. C,·ozcn Sz·o, C/{)th, 6/·. ".\ fir'>t hook of exceptional merit.''-Dail,r };,'1l.'J. "One of the mo>t promising first books that we have r .. alktr. . . . . , , •• -'larks a high~r level than any yd attaanc:J 111 "cbh tictwn. -II altm .V.. il. . ".\n entirely commendal,le Look."-E.ramintr. "Admirably '0\ritten."-LIItrary llorld. "Full of colour and incidc:nt.''-L/,;:rd'l Wetk.y ..1'0.-r.tH. Lo~DO~: T. FISHER l':'\WIX, l'ATEitSOSIEl S·~I.'ARt:, E.C.