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Was There a Mastodon in Your Pawpaw Patch? July Is a Good Month to Think About the Pleis- Which of Our Native Plants Are Candidates in THIS Tocene

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Was There a Mastodon in Your Pawpaw Patch? July Is a Good Month to Think About the Pleis- Which of Our Native Plants Are Candidates in THIS Tocene BotSoc News, July 2010 1 Volume 84 Number 4 July 2010 Georgia Botanical Society WAS THERE A MASTODON IN YOUR PAWPAW PATCH? July is a good month to think about the Pleis- Which of our native plants are candidates IN THIS tocene. As the thermometer inches ever upward for anachronism? Ms. McCormick believes our ISSUE: and “Hot enough for you?” becomes the standard local pawpaw, Asimina triloba, certainly may greeting, we should all remember that just a short be one. The trees are common along streams in Society News – 10,000 years ago we were suffering through the eastern North America, often as root suckers in last ice age. Well, maybe not us exactly, but life clumps or thickets. The pawpaw is the largest p2 could not have been easy for the mastodons that fruit of any tree native to the United States. once ranged the Appalachian semi-tundra. The oblong-cylindric fruit can reach the size Pilgrimage When Carol Ann McCormick, Assistant Cu- of a sweet potato (3 to 15 cm long, 3 to 10 cm Photos- rator for the University of North Carolina Her- wide and weighing from 200 to 400 g). Its 4 to p3 barium, thinks about the last ice age, she wonders 9 large brown seeds (up to 3 cm each) are em- about the plants whose seeds evolved to be eaten bedded in pulp. If swallowed whole, the seeds and dispersed by the now extinct mastodons. can pass through the digestive tract intact, but Georgia’s She put her thoughts into an article for the North if chewed, their emetic alkaloids may impair Trees- Carolina Botanical Garden Newsletter that sug- mammalian digestion. p4 gests your local pawpaw patch is a much more Ms. McCormick also lists several other interesting place than you might imagine. North American natives as ecological anach- Upcoming As Ms. McCormick tells it, there was a mas- ronisms: Field Trips – Kentucky coffee-tree (Gymnocladus di- sive extinction of megafauna at the end of the p6 Pleistocene. Without the American mastodon oicus). This tree produces short, heavy, leathery (8,000 - 12,000 pounds), the giant ground sloth pods with sticky sweet pulp and a half dozen (3,000 - 5,000 pounds) and the American camel rock-hard seeds that are difficult to germinate, Field Trip (1300 pounds), many neotropical plants bearing resisting all but the most determined efforts at Reports - very large fruits with large, hard seeds also faced scarification. p10 extinction or at best, a severe restriction in their Osage orange (Maclura pomi fera). The population and geographic range. In a world of fruit is a bright green, bumpy sphere the size now relatively small mammals, a tree with big of a softball, full of seeds and an unpalatable fruits to attract huge mammals as dispersers of milky latex. The fruits fall to the ground and its seeds was a plant chronologically out of place rot beneath the tree. – an ecological anachronism. Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). There are several clues that a plant may be Multi-branched spikes cover the trunk of this missing its seed disperser. If its seeds germinate tree to a height of 20+ feet (far beyond the reach and grow well in upland habitats when planted, of present day browsers but providing good but the plant is mostly restricted to floodplains protection from foraging mammoths - should in the wild, gravity and flowing water may be they return). substituting for megafaunal dispersers. The fruits of anachronistic plants may also rot beneath the canopy with new seedlings in clumps or thick- Carol Ann McCormick. “Where’s a Good Giant ets developing from the rotted fruit. If passage Ground Sloth When You Need One?” March-April through the animals gut is needed for efficient 2010 Newsletter of the North Carolina Botanical Garden at the University of North Carolina, seed germination, the plant may persist primarily Chapel Hill. by vegetative reproduction. In this case, the trees Barlow, Connie. “Anachronistic Fruits and will most often be found in clumps or thickets the Ghosts Who Haunt Them”. http://arnoldia. formed as root suckers. arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/618.pdf. 2 BotSoc News, July 2010 Society News GEORGIA BOTANICAL SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING AND ELECTION OF OFFICERS SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 11, 2010 PICKETT'S MILL BATTLEFIELD HISTORIC SITE MEET AT THE GROUP SHELTER AT 11:00 AM BRING A PICNIC LUNCH. BotSoc News The metro flood of 2009 is well behind us is published seven times and we will try Pickett's Mill again for our a year (Jan, Mar, May, July, Sept, Nov and for annual business meeting. Please mark your the Spring Wildflower calendars now and plan to attend; you will not be Pilgrimage). disappointed. After a picnic lunch, Tom Patrick will lead a very interesting hike. The Georgia Submission deadline is August 1 for the Botanical Society has been involved with a plant September issue. inventory at Pickett's Mill. One of the plants of interest, Georgia aster (Symphyotrichum Subscriptions georgianum), should be in flower. are included with mem- bership. This is an even year and election of officers will be Pickett's Mill Battlefield Historic Site a major agenda item. According to our bylaws, a 4432 Mt. Tabor Church Rd Website: slate of officers is nominated four months prior Dallas, GA 30157 www.gabotsoc.org to election and sent to all voting members via http://www.gastateparks.org Editorial Office the newsletter. Additional nominations from the Jean Smith floor are permitted, and in case of competition for Take I-20 exit #44. Turn left onto Thornton 1135 Barwick Hill Rd any office, voting is by written ballot by members Rd. (Hwy 278) West. Follow Hwy 278 for 10 Comer, GA 30629 present at the annual meeting. Elected officers miles. Make a right onto Hwy 92. Travel North ph 706.783.2308 email: assume their duties following their election. on Hwy 92 for approximately 6 miles. Look for jss2holly@ The 2010 Nominating Committee* recommends brown Pickett's Mill signs as you continue. Turn windstream.net the following officers to serve from September left onto Due West Rd. Continue 2 miles. Turn 2010 to September 2012: right onto Mt. Tabor Church Rd. The site is 1/2 © 2010 Georgia Botani- Jim Drake, President mile on the right. cal Society Jerry Hightower, Vice-President a private nonprofit organization under IRS Linda Chafin, Secretary *2010 Nominating Committee: Hugh Nourse (Chair), Leslie 501(c)3. Rich Reaves, Treasurer Edwards, Ed McDowell, Elaine Nash, and Tom Patrick. Founded in 1926. The group at Devil’s Den (Fanin County), May 1, 2010: Clayton Webster, Rich Reaves, Maureen Donohue, Shepherd Howell, and James Van Home. Trip leader Tom Govus reported that he had never seen such an abundant population of ramps (Allium tricoccum) as they found that day in Devil’s Den. They also saw Trillium simile and would have done more exploration of the area if the day had not been so wet. Photo by Tom Govus. BotSoc News, July 2010 41st Spring Wildflower Pilgrimage Linda Chafin and Gil Nelson at limestone outcrop Florida Caverns (Trip 15). Photo by Hugh Nourse. The explorers at Silver Lake (Trip 2). Photo by Jim Drake. MARCH 12-14, 2010 BAINBRIDGE, GA Searching for pitcherplants and bog buttons at Doe Run (Trip 24). Photo by Hugh Nourse. The Pilgrimage’s signature plant, the Atamasco lily (Zephrantes atamasca). Photo by Jim Drake. Like Moses led his people to the promised land, Tom Patrick and his wooden Longleaf pine woodland at Wade Tract (Trip 18). staff led the trip to Faceville Ravines (Trip 20). Photo by Charles Hunter. Photo by Anita Reaves. 4 BotSoc News, July 2010 Georgia’s Trees MERICAN MOUNTAIN A ASH SORBUS AMERICANA MARSHALL by Hal Massie American mountain ash (Sorbus americana). Photo by Hal Massie. I am fond of showy native trees, es- pean mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) pecially when they have the added ben- has been introduced to the United efit of being particularly attractive to States and is sometimes planted as an wildlife. Usually, I track the tree down ornamental. Sorbus americana does and acquire a specimen for my garden. not have any recognized varieties or That’s why I find American mountain subspecies. ash (Sorbus americana) so frustrating. Habit: This is a small tree or large A mountain ash in flower or fruit is as shrub, not usually exceeding 30 feet beautiful as any native Georgia tree. It and more often only 10-15 feet in height. The showy red fruit of American mountain ash also has handsome foliage and good fall matures in late summer and persists into the The crown is open and rounded with a color, as well as fruits that are favored winter. Photo by William S. Justice, USDA-NRCS straight trunk that seldom is larger than by many birds. Unfortunately, moun- 18 inches and is typically only 8 inches tain ash is restricted to high elevations Taxonomy: Mountain ash is included in diameter. In shrub form, mountain in our mountains and can only be in the Rosaceae, one of the largest and ash often has multiple stems. American grown by those lucky enough to live in most economically important plant mountain ash grows very slowly, but is our most northern counties. In Central families. The rose family includes fruit relatively short-lived. Georgia, where I live, the best you can trees like apple and peach which are Leaves: The leaves of American moun- do is take a long drive or stare longingly important to our own state economy. tain ash are pinnately compound, alter- at pictures of this lovely tree. Plums, pears, cherries, blackberries, nate, and deciduous.
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