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Attica, Greece) (Amphibia; Reptilia HERPETOZOA 29 (tl2):37 - 46 31 Wien. 30. Juli 2016 The herpetofauna of the Island of Kythera (Attica, Greece) (Amphibia; Reptilia) Die Herpetofauna der Insel Kythira (Attika, Griechenland) (Amphibia; Reptilia) Manro F. Bnoccr KURZFASSUNG Die Insel Kythira ist Teil des südägäischen Inselbogens, der sich vor mehreren Millionen von Jahren bilde- te und von der Peloponnes-Halbinsel übcr Kreta, Karpathos und Rhodos nach Anatolien erstreckt. ln seiner Pflan- zen- und Tierwelt hat Kythira viel mit dem Peloponnes gemeinsam. Bislang wurden etwa sechzehn Amphibien- und Reptilienarten von dcr lnsel beschrieben, die sich durch ihren Wasseneichtum, besonders im Norden. aus- zeichnet. Die vorliegende Arbeit trägt die vcrstreute Infonnation zur Herpetofauna von Kythira zusammcn und erweitert sie durch eigenc Bcobachtungen. ABSTRACT The Island of Kythera lies in the southem Acgean arc ol islands, which formed millions ol years ago and extcnds from the Peloponnese Peninsula, Crete, Karpathos and Rhodes to Anatolia. With regard to its flora and fauna, Kythera has much in common with the Peloponnese. To date, about sixteen species of arnphibians and rep- tilesu'erereportedtooccurontheisland,whichhasabundantwaterresources,inthenorthcspccially. Inthispaper, the scattered information on the island's herpetolauna is compiled and enriched by author's obscruations. K,EY WORDS Amphibia; Reptilia; Testutlo marginata, Carettd caretta, Algyroides moreoticus, new island record, faunis- tics, lsland of Kythera, Greece NTRODUCTION The Ionian Island of Kythera fonns a consists of acid metamorphosed rock, but bridge between the Peloponnese Peninsula for the most pad, it is of calcareous origin. and the Island of Crete, thus delineating the Kythera (Fig. l) has an area of ,tO *nz; it south Aegean island arc to the west. The is 29 km long and 16 km wide, most of its Aegean continental land mass is located in coasts are steep. The island's relief offers an active geological region where subduc- little variety, with a main basement forming tion of the African plate under the Eurasian a plateau at 300-400 m a.s.l. At 506 m a.s.l., plate is at work. The land mass stafied to Mermigaris is the highest point on the break into islands about 13 million years island. The 6-10 km long ravines and gul- ago. Crete became isolated from Anatolia lies in the north are a signihcant feature of some 10 million years ago and from the the island's relief. A comprehensive natural Peloponnese about 5.3 million years ago history of the island was published as early (Kmaunrs et al. 2005). as in 1837 by JavnsoN. LEoNneno (1899) Kythera lies no more than about eight described the hydrology of Kythera as fol- kilometers south of the little south Pelopon- lows: "Individual streams are fed by major nesian offshore island ofElafonisos and not springs, like those at Mylopotamos and even 20 km from Cape Maleas, the tip of the Karavas, and hence carry water throughout eastemmost peninsular promontory of the the year, although they do not reach the sea southern Peloponnese. In geologicai terms, in the dry season, and they sewe a flourish- Kythera is an extension of the Taygetos ing milling industry.... The canyon-shaped Mountain range. The north ol the island streams give the monotonous plateau land- 38 M. F. BRoccl scape of the interior a character of its own." Kythera 1:35,000 and ORAMA editions In spring, some of the streams around #339 Kythira 1:50,000, both of which are Potamos, the largest village in the nofih, GPS-compatible. calry water, which remains longest in the Herpetological exploration of rocky pools and can support amphibian re- Kythera. - The earliest, although merely production. Barrier beaches and lagoons at enumerative and unsupported information the mouth of the watercourses that are a typ- on the herpetofauna of Kythera was given ical feature of many Greek islands are less by JauesoN (1837) in his 'Notes on the nat- common on Kythera (Bnoccr 1994) and ural history and statistics of the Island of present only on the east coast near Lagadi Cerigo and its dependencies' where he below Paleochora, and at Vythoulas near wrote at page 64: "Animals belonging to the Paleopoli where they constitute the island's class Reptilia, although not very abundant, only significant wetland structures, attrac- yet still representatives of the following tive to migrant birds in parlicular (Figs. 2-7). genera were observed: Testudo graeca, The island's current human population Emys europaea, Chelonia caretta, Lacerta of about 3,500 inhabitants mirrors a strong agilis, ocellata, viridis, Ascalabotes, decline compared with 15,000 reporled for Oligodon natrix, Viperittm, Coluber berus, the period of the Second World War (Heo.r- Vipera ammodytes, Rana esculenta, Hyla DIMITRIoU 2013). Agriculture (olives) and arbctrea, Btfo contmums. Every stream and apiculture are the dominant occupations. marsh in spring teems with frogs which Domestic Greek tourism is becoming in- make a noise rather grating to the ear." In creasingly important, although it is largely succeeding herpetological papers this restricted to the middle of summer. In source was largely neglected except for a Australia alone, the Kytheran diaspora is paper on tortoises on Aegean islands thought to be about 60,000 strong and has (WersoN 1962). No printed paper focused some influence on the island (returnees, on the herpetofauna of Kythera alone has tourists). Many peripheral villages were been published to date. In 1930, Wp.RNpn abandoned and the buildings left to decay or summarized the knowledge on the distribu- are now used as holiday homes. In the last tion ofherpetological species on the Aegean few decades. the phrygana vegetation com- and Ionian Islands and enumerated eight monly found on the island has developed species known to occur on Kythera without into macchia and is graduaily being trans- indicating parlicular sources other than the formed into dense stands of oak in the north. collectors SroncH and RrIspn for the Cat In the deep valleys, where water is available Snake: Gltmnodactylu,s kotschlti, Hemi- for longer periods of the year, plane trees dacQlus turcicus, Lacerta viridis major, (Platantrs orientali.s) and oleander (lVerium Ahlepharus pannonicus, Typhlops vermicu- oleander) grow. laris, Coluber gemonensis, Elaphe leopar- The botany of Kythera is well re- dina and Tarbophis fallax. ln fact, corre- searched (e.g., GneurEn & REcHrNcEn sponding vouchers lrom that time are stored 1967; Der-roncE 2010). Kythera is the loca- at the Natural History Museum in Menna. tion of the Nafura 2000 area GR 3000013 In his 7th report on his expeditions to (Kythira Kai Gyro Nisides, Prasonisi, Greece, WERNpn (1931) included a list of Dragonera, Antidragonera, Avgo, Kapello, the animal species observed during a week Koufo Lai Fidonisi) covering areas of the spent on Kythera and found that the island nofthem and eastem coasts and seven rocky fauna and flora has much in common with offshore islets. Kythera is of great impor- the southen.r Peloponnese, but little with the tance for birdlife and a relevant migration species on the islands ofthe southern Ionian path to Crete via Antikythera Island. There Sea, with which Kythera lor a long time is little travel literature on Kythera but there formed an administrative unit. According to is an excellent work by the landscape pho- this author, Kythera represents parl of a tographer Tzeli HanluMIrRIou (2013). In bridge from Maina (: Mani), the central spite of the island's limited importance for southern peninsular promontory of the tourism, numerous maps are available Peloponnese, to Crete. Kythera, however including the SKAI/TERRAIN map #346 has none of the endemic reptile species of The herpetofauna of the Island ol Kythera 39 (1938: 75) Tvphlops vemticularis, although the latter is absent from the summary of the individual islands. From the amphibians he referred to Bufo viridis (1938: 24). To the nine herpetological species reported by WEnNER (1937, 1938) PIrpsn (1970) added Rana ridibuncla and Ophiomortts ptmctatis- simus and speculated that Hyla or Clentnq,s might be present. CttoNonopoulos (1986, 1989) did not contribute new species records, whereas, AnNoln & BunroN (1978) added Natrix tessellata to the fauna of Kythera. VRlercos et al. (2008) among others, followed AnNolo & BunroN (1978) although the presence of N. tessellata was not confirmed since. Bnoccl (1994) added the Grass Snake (|y'crru,r natrir persa) to the list of species. Gasc et al. (1997) men- tioned Coluber caspiLts to occur on Kythera, which was adopted by KnelNen (2007) and Ve,la.ros et al. (2008), although not shown on the distribution map. Stt-leno et al. (2014) no longer included this record in their updated distribution atlas of amphib- ians and reptiles in Europe. The caspitts report is also doubted by Augusto CarrRNpo Fig. l: Map of the Ionian Island of Kythera (Greece). (in litt. 1.1.2015) and may be due to misidentification, since the juveniles of Abb l: Karte der Ionischen Insel Kythira (Criechenland). Dolichophis caspius and Hierophis gento- nensis are very similar. In the report on a field trip to Kythera undertaken from 28 May to 5 June 2011, Spevsnoncr (2011) refers to nine species the Peloponnese, which he says is because observed: Mediodactylus kotschl,i, Able' the southernmost part of the Peloponnese is pharus kitaibelii, Lacerta trilineata and completely barren and too dry even for Hierophis gemonensis were frequently ob- xerophilous lizards. Aparl from the Balkan served at almost all sites. Pelophl,lax
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