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Capitulo 3 La Civilización Maya

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Capitulo 3 La Civilización Maya El juego de Pelota Maya, Función Simbólica, Social, Política y sus Implicaciones Arquitectónicas “““............ HHHAAASSSTTTAAA AAALLLLLLAAA DDDOOONNNDDDEEE LLLAAA PPPEEELLLOOOTTTAAA LLLEEE GGGAAANNNAAA EEELLL CCCOOORRRAAAZZZÓÓÓNNN AAA LLLAAA VVVIIIDDDAAA””” El Juego de Pelota Maya, Función Simbólica, Social, Política y sus Implicaciones Arquitectónicas. Juan Miguel Armira A. 1 Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Facultad de Arquitectura El Juego de Pelota Maya, Función Simbólica, Social, Política y sus Implicaciones Arquitectónicas. TESIS Presentada a la Junta Directiva de la Facultad de Arquitectura Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Por Juan Miguel Armira Atz Al conferirle el Título de: Arquitecto. En el Grado Académico de Licenciado Guatemala Junio de 2,007 El Juego de Pelota Maya, Función Simbólica, Social, Política y sus Implicaciones Arquitectónicas. Juan Miguel Armira A. UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA MIEMBROS DE LA JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA DECANO Arq. Carlos Enrique Valladares Cerezo VOCAL I Arq. Jorge Arturo González Peñate VOCAL II Mtro. Arq. Raúl Estuardo Monterroso Juárez VOCAL III Arq. Jorge Escobar Ortiz VOCAL IV Br. Pooll Enrique Polanco Betancourt VOCAL V Br. Eddy Alberto Popa Ixcot SECRETARIO Arq. Alejandro Muñoz Calderón TRIBUNAL EXAMINADOR DECANO Arq. Carlos Enrique Valladares Cerezo SECRETARIO Arq. Alejandro Muñoz Calderón EXAMINADORA Arq. María Elena Molina EXAMINADOR Arq. Danilo Callén EXAMINADOR Arq. David Barrios ASESOR Arq. Danilo Callén El Juego de Pelota Maya, Función Simbólica, Social, Política y sus Implicaciones Arquitectónicas. Juan Miguel Armira A. AGRADECIMIENTOS DEDICATORIA A Dios Todopoderoso. Creador y Formador, Arquitecto de todo lo creado. A mi esposa Ana Belly y a mi hija Ana Paula. Por permitirme terminar esta carrera universitaria. Por ser mi fuente de inspiración para terminar con esta meta que tenía pendiente. A la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Por apoyarme en todo lo que hago y porque las amo Principalmente a la Facultad de Arquitectura, por con toda mi vida. darme la oportunidad de aprender en sus aulas. A mis Padres. A mis Padres Adrián Armira y Adela de Armira. Como una mínima recompensa, a todo lo que ellos Por lo que soy, por su apoyo, esfuerzos, desvelos y me han dado y han hecho por mí. sacrificios desinteresadamente. A mi Familia. A mi Asesor y Consultores. Especialmente a mis hermanos y sobrinos, por todo Por sus asesorías, consultorías, críticas, su apoyo. sugerencias y comentarios, para la realización de Espero que este logro les sirva como incentivo, este trabajo. para alcanzar sus propias metas. A la Comunidad Intelectual. A la Familia de mi esposa. Que con sus aportes intelectuales, a través de Ya que siempre me han apoyado, y me han querido documentos y fuentes de información, facilitaron el como a uno de los suyos. desarrollo de esta investigación. A los Mayas Contemporáneos. A todas las personas que de alguna forma colaboraron Por ser los verdaderos herederos de una en el desarrollo de este trabajo; profesores, Civilización Brillante. compañeros y amigos de estudios, a mis compañeros de Tesis, especialmente a Marsha Akemi Hori y Miguel Canastuj, por su apoyo y perseverancia. El Juego de Pelota Maya, Función Simbólica, Social, Política y sus Implicaciones Arquitectónicas. Juan Miguel Armira A. INDICE INTRODUCCIÓN 1 Capítulo 1 MARCO CONCEPTUAL 1.1 Antecedentes.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1.1 Antecedentes Históricos..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2 Antecedentes Técnicos......................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Justificación.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Delimitación del Tema............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 Delimitación Física o Espacial........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Delimitación Temporal............................................................................................................................................................ 10 1.3.3 Delimitación Técnica................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1.4 Objetivos........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 1.4.1 General........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.2 Específicos.................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Hipótesis........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 MARCO OPERATIVO 11 1.6 Realidad Abstracta................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Realidad Concreta ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.8 Técnicas de Recolección de Datos............................................................................................................................................... 11 1.8.1 Fuentes de Datos..................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.8.2 Técnicas de Recolección...................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.8.3 Trabajo de Campo.................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.9 Procesamiento de la información..................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.10 Control del Proyecto.............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 MARCO TEÓRICO Capítulo 2 MESOAMÉRICA 2.1 Aspectos Generales.............................................................................................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Delimitación Geográfica....................................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Composición Cultural.............................................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.4 Historia Cultural de Mesoamérica................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.5 Principales Culturas de Mesoamérica......................................................................................................................................... 16 El Juego de Pelota Maya, Función Simbólica, Social, Política y sus Implicaciones Arquitectónicas. Juan Miguel Armira A. 2.5.1 Los Olmecas................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.5.2 Los Zapotecas........................................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.5.3 Los Mayas.................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.5.4 Los Toltecas................................................................................................................................................................................ 22 2.5.5 Los Aztecas................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 2.6 Conclusiones del Capítulo...................................................................................................................................................................
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