SPITSBERGEN TREATY Made in Paris, 9 February 1920, Came Into Force 14 August 1925 National Membership (45: 15 Original and 30 Subsequent Parties)

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SPITSBERGEN TREATY Made in Paris, 9 February 1920, came into force 14 August 1925 National Membership (45: 15 original and 30 subsequent parties)

Alphabetical Chronological Afghanistan 23 November 1925 Australia 1, 3 9 February 1920 Albania 29 April 1930 Canada 1, 3 9 February 1920 Argentina 6 May 1927 Denmark 1 9 February 1920 Australia1, 3 9 February 1920 France 1 9 February 1920 Austria 12 March 1930 India 1, 3 9 February 1920 Belgium 27 May 1925 Italy 1 9 February 1920 Bulgaria 20 October 1925 Japan 1 9 February 1920 Canada 1, 3 9 February 1920 Netherlands 1 9 February 1920 Chile 17 December 1928 New Zealand 1, 3 9 February 1920 China (Beijing) 1 July 1925 Norway 1 9 February 1920 Czechia 6 9 July 1930 Russia 1 2 9 February 1920 Denmark 1 9 February 1920 South Africa 1, 3 9 February 1920 Dominica (Santo Domingo) 3 February 1927 Sweden 1 9 February 1920 Egypt 13 September 1925 United Kingdom 1, 3 9 February 1920 Estonia 7 April 1930 United States 1 9 February 1920 Finland 12 August 1925 Belgium 27 May 1925 France 1 9 February 1920 Monaco 25 June 1925 Germany 16 November 1925 Switzerland 30 June 1925 Greece 21 October 1925 China (Beijing) 1 July 1925 Hungary 29 October 1927 Serbia and Montenegro 5 6 July 1925 Iceland 30 May 1994 Romania 10 July 1925 India 1, 3 9 February 1920 Finland 12 August 1925 Italy 1 9 February 1920 Saudi Arabia 4 14 August 1925 Japan 1 9 February 1920 Egypt 13 September 1925 Korea (Pyongyang) 25 January 2016 Bulgaria 20 October 1925 Korea (Seoul) 7 September 2012 Greece 21 October 1925 Lithuania 13 January 2013 Spain 12 November 1925 Monaco 25 June 1925 Germany 16 November 1925 Netherlands 1 9 February 1920 Afghanistan 23 November 1925 New Zealand 1, 3 9 February 1920 Dominica (Santo Domingo) 3 February 1927 Norway 1 9 February 1920 Argentina 6 May 1927 Poland 2 September 1931 Portugal 24 October 1927 Portugal 24 October 1927 Hungary 29 October 1927 Romania 10 July 1925 Venezuela 8 February 1928 Russia 1, 2 9 February 1920 Chile 17 December 1928 Saudi Arabia 4 14 August 1925 Austria 12 March 1930 Serbia and Montenegro 5 6 July 1925 Estonia 7 April 1930 Slovakia 5 9 July 1930 Albania 29 April 1930 South Africa 1, 3 9 February 1920 Czechia6 9 July 1930 Spain 12 November 1925 Slovakia 6 9 July 1930 Sweden 1 9 February 1920 Poland 2 September 1931 Switzerland 30 June 1925 Iceland 30 May 1994 United Kingdom 1, 3 9 February 1920 Korea (Seoul) 7 September 2012 United States 1 9 February 1920 Lithuania 13 January 2013 Venezuela 8 February 1928 Korea (Pyongyang) 25 January 2016

1 original negotiator 2 ratified by the Soviet Union 7 May 1935, Russia resumed representation in 1991 3 the British delegate signed for ‘Great Britain and Ireland, and the British Dominions beyond the Seas’. 4 as Nejd and Hejaz 5 as the Serb Croat Slovene Kingdom and later Yugoslavia until 2003 6 succeeded as part of Czechoslovakia which separated into two republics from 1 January 1993.

R. K. Headland 18 Mayl 2017 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER