MANITOBA Soil Survey Soils of the Rural Municipality of Lorne
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CANADA - MANITOBA Soil Survey Soils of the Rural Municipality of Lorne Report D70 Government Gouvernement Government Gouvernement of Canada du Canada of Manitoba du Manitoba `/~~~) SOILS REPORT No . D70 1986 Soils of the Rural Municipality of Lorne by , M. N. Lanqman CANADA-MANITOBA SOIL SURVEY AGRICULTURE CANADA MANITOBA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This soils study was conducted as a joint project of the Canada Department of Agriculture, Manitoba Department of Agriculture and the Soil Science Department, University of Manitoba . The soils were mapped by : L . Hopkins, M. Langman, C . Aglugub, G . Podolosky, E . St . Jacques and W . Michalyna . Special erosion, salinity and landscape data was collected by M . Morien and S . Rigney . Laboratory analysis were provided by R . Mirza, K .C . Yeung and J . Madden under the direction of P . Haluschak . Mapping bases were provided by the Land Resource Research Institute, Otta- wa . Map compilation and digitization in preparation for publication and addi- tion to CanSIS cartographic file was provided by J . Griffiths, R . DePape and M . Brown . Manuscript review and soil correlation were provided by R .E . Smith, G . Mills and W . Michalyna . Final typing of report manuscript was provided by D. Sandberg . HOW TO USE THIS SOIL REPORT This soils report contains considerable information about the soils, their origin and formation, their classification and their potential for various uses such as dryland agriculture, irrigation, engineering and recreation . The report is divided into four parts : Part I provides a general description of the area ; Part 2 describes the methodology used in the study ; Part 3 discusses the development, scientific classification and morphological characteristics of the soils in the study area, and Part 4 provides an interpretation of soil properties and associated landscape features as they affect soil capability or suitability for various uses . The soil map of the study area is compiled on an uncontrolled air piaoto base which is included in a pocket of the report folder . The map shows the distribution of soil types and associated landscape features that are signifi- cant for potential use as field management units . It provides a linkage from landscapes within the study area to the information contained in the report . To assist the user in retrieving soil information quickly, the following steps are suggested : If project consists of many individual maps, proceed with STEP 1 ., if only single map in pocket, proceed with STEP 2 to 6 . STEP 1 Consult the index to map sheets if the report contains many maps . Locate the areas of interest and note the map-sheet number(s) which identify the township and range on each map . STEP 2 Consult the soil map in pocket of report folder . Locate the area(s) of interest on the map and identify the pertinent map unit symbols . Arabic numerals placed as superscripts following map symbols indi- cate the approximate proportion of each soil type within the map unit . STEP 3 Consult the extended legend accompanying the soil map for an alpha- betical listing of soil symbols giving the soil name, classifica- tion, drainage and related information concerning landforms, nature and depth of materials, and dominant vegetation . STEP 4 For interpretive information about the soils, consult the appropri- ate Table in Part 4 . Criteria utilized as quidelines in making these interpretations are provided in the Appendix . STEP 5 Further information concerning the morphological properties and extent of the soils is presented in Part 3 where the soils are described alphabetically according to soil name . - iv - STEP 6 Additional site-specific information not contained in this report is available on request from the Canada-Manitoba Soil Survey, Ellis Building, University of Manitoba . CONTENTS PREFACE . ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . HOW TO USE THIS SOIL REPORT . i v PART page . 1 . GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA . 1 Location and Extent . Land Use . 1 Physiography . 1 Bedrock Geology . 4 Surface Deposits . 4 Relief . 4 Surface and Subsurface Hydrology . : . 7 Climate . 7 Vegetation . 7 2 . METHODOLOGY . 9 Mapping . 9 Units of Mapping . Sampling . 11 3 . DEVELOPMENT, CLASSIFICATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF SOILS . 12 Soil Classification and Development . 12 Soil Erosion . 14 Soil Series Descriptions . 15 Altamont Series (ATN) . 24 Barwood Series (BWO) . 24 Capell Series (CXT) . 25 Carvey Series (CAV) . 25 Cazlake Series (CZK) " . 26 Charman Series (CXV) . 26 Crookdale Series (CKD) . 27 Croyon Series (CYN) . 27 Croyon Series, shale gravel substrate variant (CYN1) . 28 Danlin Series (DLN) . 28 Darlingford Series (DGF) . 28 Dezwood Series (DZW) . 29 Druxman Series (DXM) . 29 Ferris Series (FRS) . 30 Fifere Series (FFR) . 30 Firdale Series (FIR) . 31 Fresno Series (FSO) . 31 Guerra Series (GRR) . 32 Hickson Series (HKS) . 32 Hilton Series (HIT) . 33 Horose Series (HOS) . 34 Joyale Series (JYL) . 34 Kingsley Series (KIS) . 35 Knudson Series (KUD) . 35 Leary Series (LRY) . 36 Leary Series, coarse-loamy substrate variant (LRY1) . 36 Levine Series (LEI) . 36 Manitou Series (MXS) " . 37 Narish Series (NSH) . 37 Nayler Series (NYO) . 38 Nikkel Series (NKK) . 38 Oliver Series (OIV) . 39 Pembina Series (PBI ) . 39 Pembina Series coarse-loamy substrate variant (PBI1) . 40 Pembina Series, sandy-skeletal substrate variant (PBI2) . 40 Perillo Series (PER) . 40 Poyser Series (PYR) . 41 Poyser Series, coarse-loamy substrate variant (PYR1) . 41 Poyser Series, sandy-skeletal substrate variant (PYR2) . 41 Prodan Series (PDA) . 41 Ramada Series (RAM) . 42 Tadpole Series (TDP) " . 42 Tadpole series peaty variant (TDPp) . 43 Tellier Series (TLI ) . 43 Tiger Hills Series (TGL) . 44 Tiger Hills Series , coarse-loamy substrate variant (TGL1) . 44 Trinton Series (TNT) . 44 Ullrich Series (ULH) . 45 Vandal Series (VDL) . 45 Vandal Series, shale gravel substrate variant (VDL1) ~ . 46 Vandal Series, sandy substrate variant (VDL2) . 46 Vartel Series (VTL) . 46 Vartel Series, shale gravel substrate variant (VTL1) ~ . 47 Xavier Series (XVI ) . 47 Zaplin Series (ZPI ) . 47 4 . USE AND MANAGEMENT INTERPRETATIONS OF SOILS . 49 Introduction . 49 Soil Capability for Agriculture . 49 Dryland Agriculture . '. 49 Irrigation Suitability . 53 Soil Suitability for Selected Engineering Uses . 62 Definition of Soil Suitability Classes . 62 Soil Suitability Subclasses . 62 Guides for Assessing Soil Suitability . 63 Soil Suitability for Selected Recreation Uses . 64 - vii - BIBLIOGRAPHY . 90 Appendix pace A . GLOSSARY . 92 . B . SOIL HORIZON DESIGNATIONS . 107 ORGANIC HORIZONS . 107 MASTER MINERAL HORIZONS LOWER-CASE SUFFIXES . 108 C. DESCRIPTION OF LANDFORMS . 114 GENETIC MATERIALS . 114 Unconsolidated mineral component . 114 Qualifying Descriptors . 115 Organic component . 115 GENETIC MATERIAL MODIFIERS . 116 Particle size classes for unconsolidated mineral materials . 116 Fiber classes for organic materials . 117 SURFACE EXPRESSION . 117 Consolidated and Unconsolidated mineral surface classes . 117 Organic surface classes . 118 D . GUIDES FOR EVALUATING SOIL SUITABILITY FOR SELECTED USES . 119 E . CORRELATION OF THE SOILS OF THE SEMI-DETAILED RESURVEY OF THE RURAL MUNICIPALITY OF LORNE WITH THE SOILS OF THE RECONNAISSANCE SOIL SURVEY OF SOUTH-CENTRAL MANITOBA (1943) . 135 F . DETAILED SOIL DESCRIPTIONS . 143 G . MAP UNIT SYMBOLOGY AND SOIL LEGEND . 203 LIST OF TABLES Table a e 1 . Climatic Data for the R.M . of Lorne . 8 2 . Potential Annual Soil Loss (tonnes/hectare) of Major Soils in the R .M . of Lorne for Common Slope Length Sand Slope Gradients and with no Vegetative Cover . 16 3 . Key to the Soil Series of the Rural Municipality of Lorne According to Drainage, Subgroup and Parent Material . 17 4 . General Soils Legend-Key to the Soils of the Rural Municipality of Lorne Based on Extent (hectares, % of Map), Parent Material, Soil Moisture Class, Subgroup and Series . 18 5 . Agricultural Capability Subclass Limitations . 51 6 . Agricultural Classification and Irrigation Suitability of Soils in the Rural Municipality of Lorne . 55 7 . Codes utilized to identify limitations in evaluating soil suitability for selected Engineering and Recreational Uses(Tables 12 and 25) . 65 8 . Engineering Description of the Soils and Their Estimated Properties Significant to Engineering . 66 9 . Suitability Ratings and Limitations for Soils in the Study Area for Selected Engineering Uses . 73 10 . Suitability Ratings and Limitations of Soils in the Study Area for Various Recreational Uses . ..