Eye Movements in Reading Thai

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eye Movements in Reading Thai READING WITHOUT SPACES BETWEEN WORDS: EYE MOVEMENTS IN READING THAI Benjawan Kasisopa Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy MARCS Auditory Laboratories University of Western Sydney Revision submission January, 2011 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by any other person, nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree at the University of Western Sydney, or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. opa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are so many nice and generous people that I would like to thank. First of all, I would like to thank my principal supervisor, Professor Denis Burnham, for all the opportunities, support and understanding he gave me over the years. I couldn‟t imagine how I could complete this thesis without his great support as well as his patience. I really appreciate his knowledge and skills in many areas, psychology, statistical analysis and also his patience with my writing skills. Thank you so much for being such a great supervisor. A million thanks to my co-supervisor, Professor Ronan Reilly, for all the technical help and all the hard work that he has put in for me, for his tolerance of my lack of technical skills, and for all his brilliant tools that made my life a lot easier in dealing with the complicated eye movement data and the analysis models. Thank you also for allowing me to take some time to work with him and his students at Department of Computer Science, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. I‟m grateful that he was always there to help regardless of the 10-hour time difference between us! Also many thanks to all Professor Reilly‟s PhD students for the great time during my stay in Maynooth, and especially to Mr. Siliang Tang, for creating so many great programs and kindly allowing me to use them. I would also like to thank Dr. Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin for allowing me to take over the Centre for Speech and Language Processing (CRSLP) lab at Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok to use as the hub for my data collection from time to time. I always had a good and productive time when visiting and working at CRSLP. None of the studies in this thesis would have been possible without her support. Thanks to Dr. Heather Winskel and Professor Ralph Radach who were on my supervisory panel and also to Professor Chris Davis, Associate Professor Jeesun Kim, Associate Professor Kate Stevens and Dr. Christian Kroos for all their help and advice. I would also like to thank all the academic and support staff at MARCS Auditory Laboratories, especially Gail Charlton for all the administrative support as well as for her help regarding travel arrangements for field work and conferences; Darlene Williams and Karen McConachie for all the administrative and funding arrangements; Colin Schoknecht, Johnson Chen and Steven Fazio for all their technical support – I would have lost data without all your help; and last but not least, Kym Buckley, without whom I would not have been able to finish this thesis; thank you Kym for all your help in formatting the raw material into a presentable thesis. I would like to thank all the students at MARCS; thank you so much for all the help. You have all made my life so far away from my home enjoyable and not as lonely as I expected, with special thanks to Nan Xu and Lidija Krebs-Lazendic for being more like family than friends. Finally, I would like to thank my family – I could not have done this without their support – and to all my friends back home who helped find information and even assisted in recruiting participants for the studies. Thank you so much to you all [ขอบคุณมากๆ คะ่ ] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. READING ACQUISITION, WRITING SYSTEM AND THAI LANGUAGE 6 1.1. Reading Acquisition ....................................................................................... 8 1.2. Writing Systems ........................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Ideographic Writing Systems ............................................................... 13 1.2.2. Alphabetic Writing Systems ................................................................. 14 1.3. Thai Language .............................................................................................. 15 1.3.1. Thai Script ............................................................................................ 16 1.3.2. Thai Orthography ................................................................................. 19 1.4. Learning to Read in Thai .............................................................................. 29 1.4.1. Literacy Instruction in Thailand ........................................................... 29 1.4.2. Issues in Literacy Development and Reading ...................................... 31 2. EYE MOVEMENTS IN READING .................................................................. 33 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 33 2.2. Measurements of Eye Movements in Reading ............................................. 34 2.3. Approaches in Eye Movement Studies ......................................................... 36 2.4. Models of Eye Movement Control in Reading ............................................. 39 2.4.1. E-Z Reader Model ................................................................................ 40 2.4.2. Strategy-tactics/S-T .............................................................................. 44 2.4.3. Glenmore Model ................................................................................... 46 2.5. Eye Movements in Reading Spaced and Unspaced Texts ............................ 49 2.5.1. Reading With and Without Spaces in Spaced Languages .................... 50 2.5.2. Reading With and Without Spaces in Scriptio Continua Languages .. 57 2.6. Eye Movements in Reading of Children ...................................................... 67 2.7. Issues in Eye Movements in Reading Thai Text .......................................... 69 3. EXPERIMENT 1: READING TIME STUDIES .............................................. 72 3.1. Participants ................................................................................................... 73 3.1.1. Reading Ability Screening Test ............................................................ 74 3.1.2. Speech Production Screening Test ....................................................... 75 3.2. Experiment 1: Relative Frequency of Initial and Final Characters Effects .. 75 3.2.1. Materials ............................................................................................... 76 3.2.2. Apparatus .............................................................................................. 80 3.2.3. Procedure .............................................................................................. 81 3.2.4. Hypotheses ........................................................................................... 83 3.3. Results .......................................................................................................... 84 3.4. Discussion ..................................................................................................... 97 4. EXPERIMENT 2: ADULT READERS’ EYE MOVEMENTS IN READING THAI .......................................................................................................................... 102 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 102 4.2. Method ........................................................................................................ 103 4.2.1. Participants ......................................................................................... 103 4.2.2. Materials ............................................................................................. 103 4.2.3. Apparatus ............................................................................................ 109 4.2.4. Procedure ............................................................................................ 110 4.2.5. Hypotheses ......................................................................................... 112 4.3. Results ........................................................................................................ 113 4.3.1. Analysis Set I (Target Words, Predetermine Planned Fixed Effects) 115 4.3.2. Analysis Set II (Target Words, Additional Fixed Effects) ................. 124 4.3.3. Analysis Set III (Sentences, Additional Fixed Effects) ...................... 128 4.4. Discussion ................................................................................................... 135 5. EXPERIMENT 3: CHILD READERS’ EYE MOVEMENTS IN READING THAI .......................................................................................................................... 139 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 140 5.2. Method ........................................................................................................ 140 5.2.1. Participants ......................................................................................... 140 5.2.2. Materials ............................................................................................. 142 5.2.3.
Recommended publications
  • A Method to Accommodate Backward Compatibility on the Learning Application-Based Transliteration to the Balinese Script
    (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2021 A Method to Accommodate Backward Compatibility on the Learning Application-based Transliteration to the Balinese Script 1 3 4 Gede Indrawan , I Gede Nurhayata , Sariyasa I Ketut Paramarta2 Department of Computer Science Department of Balinese Language Education Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha) Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha) Singaraja, Indonesia Singaraja, Indonesia Abstract—This research proposed a method to accommodate transliteration rules (for short, the older rules) from The backward compatibility on the learning application-based Balinese Alphabet document 1 . It exposes the backward transliteration to the Balinese Script. The objective is to compatibility method to accommodate the standard accommodate the standard transliteration rules from the transliteration rules (for short, the standard rules) from the Balinese Language, Script, and Literature Advisory Agency. It is Balinese Language, Script, and Literature Advisory Agency considered as the main contribution since there has not been a [7]. This Bali Province government agency [4] carries out workaround in this research area. This multi-discipline guidance and formulates programs for the maintenance, study, collaboration work is one of the efforts to preserve digitally the development, and preservation of the Balinese Language, endangered Balinese local language knowledge in Indonesia. The Script, and Literature. proposed method covered two aspects, i.e. (1) Its backward compatibility allows for interoperability at a certain level with This study was conducted on the developed web-based the older transliteration rules; and (2) Breaking backward transliteration learning application, BaliScript, for further compatibility at a certain level is unavoidable since, for the same ubiquitous Balinese Language learning since the proposed aspect, there is a contradictory treatment between the standard method reusable for the mobile application [8], [9].
    [Show full text]
  • Effects and Mitigation of Out-Of-Vocabulary in Universal Language Models
    Journal of Information Processing Vol.29 490–503 (July 2021) [DOI: 10.2197/ipsjjip.29.490] Regular Paper Effects and Mitigation of Out-of-vocabulary in Universal Language Models Sangwhan Moon1,†1,a) Naoaki Okazaki1,b) Received: December 8, 2020, Accepted: April 2, 2021 Abstract: One of the most important recent natural language processing (NLP) trends is transfer learning – using representations from language models implemented through a neural network to perform other tasks. While transfer learning is a promising and robust method, downstream task performance in transfer learning depends on the robust- ness of the backbone model’s vocabulary, which in turn represents both the positive and negative characteristics of the corpus used to train it. With subword tokenization, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) is generally assumed to be a solved problem. Still, in languages with a large alphabet such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK), this assumption does not hold. In our work, we demonstrate the adverse effects of OOV in the context of transfer learning in CJK languages, then propose a novel approach to maximize the utility of a pre-trained model suffering from OOV. Additionally, we further investigate the correlation of OOV to task performance and explore if and how mitigation can salvage a model with high OOV. Keywords: Natural language processing, Machine learning, Transfer learning, Language models to reduce the size of the vocabulary while increasing the robust- 1. Introduction ness against out-of-vocabulary (OOV) in downstream tasks. This Using a large-scale neural language model as a pre-trained is especially powerful when combined with transfer learning.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Readersв€™ Eye Movements in Reading Thai
    Vision Research 123 (2016) 8–19 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vision Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/visres Child readers’ eye movements in reading Thai ⇑ Benjawan Kasisopa a, , Ronan G. Reilly a,b, Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin c, Denis Burnham a a MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour, and Development, Western Sydney University, Australia b Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Ireland c Centre for Research in Speech and Language Processing, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand article info abstract Article history: It has recently been found that adult native readers of Thai, an alphabetic scriptio continua language, Received 30 July 2014 engage similar oculomotor patterns as readers of languages written with spaces between words; despite Received in revised form 1 July 2015 the lack of inter-word spaces, first and last characters of a word appear to guide optimal placement of Accepted 23 July 2015 Thai readers’ eye movements, just to the left of word-centre. The issue addressed by the research Available online 12 May 2016 described here is whether eye movements of Thai children also show these oculomotor patterns. Here the effect of first and last character frequency and word frequency on the eye movements of 18 Thai chil- Keywords: dren when silently reading normal unspaced and spaced text was investigated. Linear mixed-effects Eye movements model analyses of viewing time measures (first fixation duration, single fixation duration, and gaze dura- Children’s reading Landing site distribution tion) and of landing site location revealed that Thai children’s eye movement patterns were similar to Thai text their adult counterparts. Both first character frequency and word frequency played important roles in Thai children’s landing sites; children tended to land their eyes further into words, close to the word cen- tre, if the word began with higher frequency first characters, and this effect was facilitated in higher fre- quency words.
    [Show full text]
  • Das Deutsche Schriftsystem (Compu-Skript)
    PD Dr. Wolfgang Schindler. LMU München. Compu-Skript „Das deutsche Schriftsystem“. Version 27.09.2021. Seite 1 E-Mail: Wolfgang.Schindler[ätt]germanistik.uni-muenchen.de Web: http://wolfgang-schindler.userweb.mwn.de/index.html Das deutsche Schriftsystem 1 (Literaturverzeichnis am Ende!) 1 Zur Evolution von Schreibgrammatik Wenn wir in die römische Antike zurückblicken, fällt uns auf, dass es viele Schriftdokumente, bei- spielsweise Inschriften, gibt, die in CAPITALIS und in der sog. SCRIPTIO CONTINUA verfasst sind: Inschrift2 Trajan-Säule in Rom 112/113 n. Chr. Wenn wir das in einer großbuchstabigen durchgängigen Schreibung im Deutschen nachahmen, dann sieht das ungefähr so aus: 3 DIROMERHABENTATSEHLIHOFTERSONEWORTZWISENRAUMEGESRIBEN Die Römer haben tatsächlich öfters ohne Wortzwischenräume geschrieben 1 Dieses Typoskript ist aus einer Vorlesungsgrundlage entstanden. Es ist inspiriert von Beatrice Primus’ Arbeiten, ins- besondere ihrer Vorlesung "Das Schriftsystem des Deutschen“ (Köln, 2009)! Der Interpunktionsteil ist inspiriert von Ursula Bredels Arbeiten. Zu nennen sind auch die Einflüsse des Wortschreibungsteils in der Grammatik von Peter Eisenberg (Grundriss, Bd. 1., Kap. 8). Den Keim legte vor langer Zeit eine Vorlesung von Hartmut Günther, die er während meines Studiums in München hielt. Und natürlich sind meine Gedanken von den vielen Arbeiten inspiriert, die im Literaturverzeichnis am Ende aufgeführt sind. 2 Für die Interessierten hier eine Version mit einer Gliederung und mit einer ungefähren Übersetzung: SENATVS·POPVLVSQVE·ROMANVS / IMP·CAESARI·DIVI·NERVAE·F·NERVAE / TRAIANO·AVG·GERM·DACICO·PONTIF / MAXIMO·TRIB·POT·XVII·IMP·VI·COS·VI·P·P / AD·DECLARANDVM·QVANTAE·ALTITVDINIS / MONS·ET·LOCVS·TANT<IS·OPER>IBVS·SIT·EGESTVS Die Inschrift enthält zwar keine Spatien, aber MITTELPUNKTE, die meist worttrennend eingesetzt werden.
    [Show full text]
  • Centuries of Silence : the Story of Latin American Journalism / Leonardo Ferreira
    Centuries of Silence: The Story of Latin American Journalism Leonardo Ferreira PRAEGER CENTURIES OF SILENCE The Story of Latin American Journalism Leonardo Ferreira Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ferreira, Leonardo, 1957– Centuries of silence : the story of Latin American journalism / Leonardo Ferreira. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–275–98397–8 (alk. paper)—ISBN 0–275–98410–9 (pbk : alk. paper) 1. Press—Latin America—History. 2. Journalism—Political aspects—Latin America—History. I. Title. PN4930.F47 2006 079.8–dc22 2006015112 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available Copyright c 2006 by Leonardo Ferreira All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006015112 ISBN: 0–275–98397–8 (cloth) 0–275–98410–9 (pbk) First published in 2006 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 To my eternal stars, mi Gaby, Taty, Luisita, Sarita, and Juanita. To my inspiring and beloved mom, the courageous Mary, and to my precious Angie. All determined women, like most others, born to figh for freedom and a sense of harmony in this troubled planet. Contents Preface ix Introduction: When Good News Is Bad News 1 1. Whose Truth on True Street 9 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal to Encode the Grantha Script in Unicode §1. Introduction
    Proposal to encode the Grantha script in Unicode Shriramana Sharma (jamadagni-at-gmail-dot-com), India 2009-Oct-24 Author’s Note This proposal started out as a joint effort of Elmar Kniprath of Germany and myself. However, Mr Kniprath has decided for personal reasons to retire shortly before its submission. This proposal as it stands contains a lot of material contributed by him, but I assume full responsibility for any errors or omissions. I however retain the words “we”, “us” etc in their generic sense. On the need for a separate proposal We are aware that a proposal for encoding Grantha (L2/09-141) has been submitted by Naga Ganesan in April 2009. We have thoroughly studied it and compared it with a parallel proposal on which we was working since summer 2008. We decided to continue our work and submit an independent proposal for the following reasons: 1. Mr Ganesan’s proposal contains several false assertions. We have submitted our objections as L2/09-316 “Comments on Mr Ganesan’s Grantha Proposal”. 2. Mr Ganesan’s proposal does not consider the use of Grantha for Vedic Sanskrit. Since a large part of the current user community of Grantha is the Vedic scholars of Tamil Nadu, it is very important that Vedic Sanskrit be provided for in encoding. 3. Efforts to work together with Mr Ganesan to submit a unified proposal failed. §1. Introduction The Grantha script is an Indic script descended from Brahmi, still being used in its modern form in parts of South India, especially Tamil Nadu and to a lesser extent in Sri Lanka and other places.
    [Show full text]
  • Schriftzeichen
    Annette Hornbacher (Ethnologie), Sabine Neumann (Kunstgeschichte Ostasiens), Laura Willer (Papyrologie) Schriftzeichen Schriftzeichen lassen sich als die einzelnen Symbole definieren, aus denen ein Schriftsystem besteht. Den verschiedenen Typen von Schriftsystemen entsprechend gibt es verschiedene Arten von Schriftzeichen. Das System, das uns in Europa am vertrautesten ist, ist das alphabetische, bei dem sich mit Hilfe einer eng begrenzten Anzahl von Symbolen, den Buchstaben, jegliches Wort darstellen lässt, abhängig von der Kombination der Buchstaben. Zu dieser Art Schriftzeichen zählen das lateinische, griechische und kyrillische Alphabet. Sie funktionieren zwar alle auf dieselbe Weise, bestehen jedoch aus unterschiedlichen, voneinander abgeleiteten Schriftzeichen; die lateinischen und kyrillischen sind jeweils eine Weiterentwicklung der griechischen, die selbst eine Weiterentwicklung der phönizischen sind. Eine ältere Form des alphabetischen Systems stellen Schriften dar, die nur oder hauptsächlich aus Konsonantenzeichen bestehen. Zu noch heute gebräuch- lichen Schriftsystemen dieser Art gehören das Hebräische (Abb. 1) und Arabische. Im Arabischen werden kurze Vokale, falls überhaupt, mit Hilfe diakritischer Zeichen dargestellt.1 Im Hebräischen können lange Vokale durch Konsonantenzeichen, die sogenannten matres lectionis, oder sämtliche Vokale durch diakritische Zeichen dar- gestellt werden.2 Silbenschriften, bei denen ein Schriftzeichen, das Syllabogramm, den Lautwert einer ganzen Silbe wiedergibt, benötigen eine wesentlich höhere
    [Show full text]
  • Recognition of Punctuation in Voiced and Unvoiced Speech for Ib-CET*
    Recognition of Punctuation in Voiced And Unvoiced Speech For Ib-CET Jiangang Liu School of Foreign Languages, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China Institute of Modern Educational Technology Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China (Contact E-mail: [email protected]) Chen Li School of Foreign Languages, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China Institute of Modern Educational Technology Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China Li Zhao Institute of Modern Educational Technology Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210096, China Abstract The paper discusses the feasibility of punctuation recognition in oral delivery through voiced and unvoiced speech detection. The paper is firstly focused on introduction of iB-CET, in an attempt to clear away possible illiteracy of linguistic perception and speech recognition technology. Secondly, the paper providess some touches on how linguists interpret punctuation, thus inducing the third part in interpreting engineer’s concept on punctuation relying on Bark wavelet transform parameters and subspace analysis in speech punctuation recognition. Finally, through experiments, the paper convinces readers that punctuation in speech can be accomplished, hence leaves much thought for the notion of punctuation recognition in speech for oral delivery. Keywords: punctuation; voiced and unvoiced; iB-CET I. Introduction The present Internet-base College English Test (iB-CET for short) is getting popular, though some scholars are still arguing against its credibility and feasibility. Designed and planned in May, 2007(Jin Yan, & Wu Jiang, 2009), the iB-CET got started among 53 colleges and universities in 20th of December, 2008 so that China made a milestone in computer-based test rather than paper-based test for high education in history(Liu Jian-gang, & Dong Jing, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • How Children Learn to Write Words
    How Children Learn to Write Words How Children Learn to Write Words Rebecca TReiman and bReTT KessleR 1 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. A copy of this book’s Catalog-in-Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–990797–7
    [Show full text]
  • The Learning Satisfaction Dispositions of Special Needs Students Regarding the Academic Effects of Exclusively Using Digital Resources
    THE LEARNING SATISFACTION DISPOSITIONS OF SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS REGARDING THE ACADEMIC EFFECTS OF EXCLUSIVELY USING DIGITAL RESOURCES A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Education Department Carson-Newman University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education By Lea Michelle Curtis Jackson May 2020 Dissertation Approval Student Name: Lea Michelle Curtis Jackson Dissertation Title: THE LEARNING SATISFACTION DISPOSITIONS OF SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS REGARDING THE ACADEMIC EFFECTS OF EXCLUSIVELY USING DIGITAL RESOURCES This dissertation has been approved and accepted by the faculty of the Education Department, Carson-Newman University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Education. Dissertation Committee: Dr. Julia Price, Dissertation Chair Dr. P. Mark Taylor, Methodologist Member Dr. Samuel Hollingshead, Content Member Approved by the Dissertation Committee Date: April 9, 2020 ii Abstract The movement toward greater access to digital resources in education creates challenges for educators when determining how and when to implement the use of digital instruction particularly when using technology as the primary source for delivering content. The focus of this qualitative, phenomenological case study was to determine if special needs student literacy, including comprehension and recall, was affected by exclusively using digital textbooks as the primary source of instruction. Data were collected from four data sources, including semi- structured interviews, observations, a focus group interview, and an artifact. The participants received two units of instruction using print and digital forms of the same textbook. The instructional unit using the printed textbook served as a basis for comparison for the participants. A thorough analysis of the data revealed three major themes that influence student satisfaction dispositions regarding using digital resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Alphabetic Revolution, Writing Systems, and Scribal Training in Ancient Israel
    Cambridge Semitic Languages and Cultures Hornkohl and Hornkohl and New Perspectives in Biblical and Khan (eds) New Perspectives in Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew Rabbinic Hebrew Aaron D. Hornkohl and Geoffrey Khan (eds) EDITED BY AARON D. HORNKOHL AND GEOFFREY KHAN Most of the papers in this volume originated as presenta� ons at the conference Biblical Hebrew and Rabbinic Hebrew: New Perspecti ves in Philology and Linguisti ,cs which was held at the University of Cambridge, 8–10th July, 2019. The aim of the conference was to build bridges between various strands of research in the fi eld of Hebrew language studies that rarely meet, namely philologists working on Biblical Hebrew, philologists working on New Perspectives in Biblical Rabbinic Hebrew and theore� cal linguists. The volume is the published outcome of this ini� a� ve. It contains peer-reviewed papers and Rabbinic Hebrew in the fi elds of Biblical and Rabbinic Hebrew that advance the fi eld by the philological inves� ga� on of primary sources and the applica� on of cu� ng-edge linguis� c theory. These include contribu� ons by established scholars and by students and early career researchers. This is the author-approved edi� on of this Open Access � tle. As with all Open Book publica� ons, this en� re book is available to read for free on the publisher’s website. Printed and digital edi� ons, together with supplementary digital material, can also be found here: www.openbookpublishers.com Cover image: Genizah fragment of the Hebrew Bible with Babylonian vocalisati on (Num. 18.27-28, Cambridge University Library T-S A38.12; courtesy of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library).
    [Show full text]
  • Black Athena Fades Away. a Consideration of Martin Bernal's
    EXEMPLARIA CLASSICA Journal of Classical Philology 17, 2013, pp. 279-372 ISSN 1699-3225 BLACK ATHENA FADES AWAY. A CONSIDERATION OF MARTIN BERNAL’S LINGUISTIC ARGUMENTS1 JEAN-FABRICE NARDELLI Université de Provence [email protected] SUMMARY RESUMEN Black Athena, vol. III The Linguistic Black Athena, vol. III The Linguistic Evidence came out in 2006 to very little Evidence fue publicado en 2006 con muy fanfare. Unsurprisingly so; the book which poco ruido. Lo cual no es sorprendente: professes to give readers the demonstration el libro que pretende ofrecer a los lectores of the contentious Afrocentric etymologies pruebas que sustenten las polémicas etimo- with which Bernal had scandalized most logías afrocéntricas con las cuales Bernal Classicists and Indo-Europeanists, among había escandalizado a la mayor parte de countless other derivations, intermingles filólogos clásicos y especialistas en indoeu- Chinese comparanda with the marshaling ropeo, entre otras innúmeras derivaciones, of Egyptian and West Semitic data in mezcla comparaciones a partir del chino such a tightly opaque manner that the con datos procedentes del egipcio y del se- wood cannot easily be seen for the trees. mítico occidental de una forma tan irres- The present piece aims to disentangle the pirablemente opaca que los árboles no per- various strata of Bernal’s argumentation, miten ver el bosque. El presente artículo se analysing individual etymologies and the propone desenredar la maraña que forman macrolinguistic speculations seeking to los varios estratos en la argumentación de diminish the autonomy of Proto-Indo- Bernal, analizando etimologías individua- European. les y aquellas especulaciones a nivel macro- lingüístico cuyo propósito es disminuir la autonomía del proto-indoeuropeo.
    [Show full text]