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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87871-5 - Therodotus Histories: Book V Edited by Simon Hornblower Frontmatter More information

CAMBRIDGE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS

General Editors

P. E. Easterling Regius Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Cambridge Philip Hardie Senior Research Fellow, Trinity College, and Honorary Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge Richard Hunter Regius Professor of Greek, University of Cambridge E. J. Kenney Kennedy Professor Emeritus of Latin, University of Cambridge S. P. Oakley Kennedy Professor of Latin, University of Cambridge

HERODOTUS HISTORIES

BOOK V

edited by SIMON HORNBLOWER Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford

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A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Herodotus. [History. Book 5] Histories, Book V / Herodotus ; edited by Simon Hornblower. pages cm. – (Cambridge Greek and Latin classics) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-87871-5 (hardback) 1. Greece – History – Ionian Revolt, 499–494 b.c. I. Hornblower, Simon. II. Title. pa4002.a35 2013 938.03 – dc23 2013016267 isbn 978-0-521-87871-5 Hardback isbn 978-0-521-70340-6 Paperback

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CONTENTS

List of maps page vi Preface vii List of abbreviations ix

Introduction 1 1 Structural questions 1 (a) Book divisions 1 (b) Books 5 and 6 in relation to the Histories as a whole 4 (c) The structure of books 5 and 6 10 2 The causes of the Ionian revolt 15 3 Chronology of book 5 (the Ionian revolt narrative) 18 4 Kinship ties in books 5 and 6 21 5 Personal names in books 5 and 6 23 (a) General considerations 23 (b) Milesian names in book 5 25 (c ) Milesian conclusions 28 (d) Non-Greek names in books 5 and 6 28 (e ) Non-naming 30 (f) General conclusions 31 6 Religion: gods, heroes and epiphanies 32 (a) Gods and epiphanies 33 (b) Heroes, heroines and hero-cults 37 (c) Conclusion 41 7 Language and dialect (by A. M. Bowie) 41 8 Text 47

ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝ Ε ΤΕΡΨΙΧΟΡΗ 49

Commentary 93

Works cited 312 Indexes 1 Subjects 339 2 Greek words and phrases 350

MAPS

1. Thrace, Macedonia and north Greece page xiv 2. Asia Minor xv 3. Greece and the Aegean xvi 4. Sicily and south Italy xix 5. Western Achaemenid empire xx

PREFACE

This single-authored volume is planned as one of a pair with an edition of and commentary on bk. 6 in the same series, by the present author and Christopher Pelling in collaboration. Some sections of the Introduction to the present volume concern bk. 5 only; some concern both books; and some topics common to both books (Hdt. and Homer; Hdt.’s handling of Kleomenes and of Aigina) will be covered in the Introduction to bk. 6. Chronology will be covered in both volumes; for the distribution, see the Introduction, 3. For what is known or can be plausibly inferred about Herodotus’ life and travels, see S. West in Bowie 2007: 127–130. The groundwork for the commentary on book 5 was done as part of graduate (MA) teaching at University College London (UCL). In 2008–9, I taught books 5 and 7 jointly with Professor C. Carey, and in 2009–10, my last academic year at UCL, I taught books 5 and 6 on my own. I am grateful to Chris Carey for many insights and much shared enjoyment, and to all the students for their stimulating contributions. The text is an adapted version of Hude’s OCT, taking account of the changes which will be made by Nigel Wilson in his forthcoming replace- ment OCT and in his companion volume Herodotea. Wilson and I went through the text of book 5 in July 2012 and discussed, to my great profit, problem passages flagged up by one or other or both of us. I havealso exploited Paul Maas’s marginal suggestions, as published in Wilson 2011. I warmly acknowledge all Nigel Wilson’s help, and his willingness to make his material and conclusions available to me in advance of publication. My own apparatus is short and mostly confined to essentials. Richard Catling, Stephen Colvin, Esther Eidinow, Maria Fragoulaki, Alan Griffiths, Patrick James, Anne Thompson, Martin West and Stephanie West helped over particular problems. Chris Pelling read and commented very valuably on an early draft of the commentary. The General Editors, Pat Easterling and Richard Hunter, commented in great detail and with great patience on more than one draft of the entire work, Introduction as well as commentary, and the book is much better as a result of their tren- chant comments. Angus Bowie kindly gave permission to reprint his sec- tion on Hdt.’s language. Alan Griffiths helped with the proof-correction, and made valuable last-minute suggestions of substance, indicated by ‘AHG’. Everyone told me how lucky I was to be given Muriel Hall as copy- editor, and they were quite right. I thank her too. I am grateful to my college, All Souls, for electing me to the research fellowship which since October 2010 has enabled me to work simultaneously on this book and on a larger-scale commentary on the Alexandra of Lykophron.

vii

viii PREFACE

Finally, I thank Oswyn Murray for undergraduate teaching at Balliol College Oxford more than forty years ago, as well as for his writings on Herodotus generally and on the Ionian revolt in particular.

Note: inscriptions are quoted, in full or in part, only when not available in easily accessible collections. Otherwise mere references are given, includ- ing, where possible, additional references (with ‘=’) to English transla- tions in sourcebooks or elsewhere.

ABBREVIATIONS

I ANCIENT AUTHORS AND WORKS Abbreviations for Greek and Latin authors usually follow those in OCD 4, except that Th. is Thucydides, Diod. is Diodorus and Pol. is Polybius; and Greek not Latin spellings are generally used, thus Lykoph. (i.e. Lykophron), not Lycoph., but not when a Latin spelling is very familiar indeed (thus Aesch. not Aiskh. for Aeschylus).

II HERODOTUS TEXTS AND COMMENTARIES REFERRED TO (SOME RELATING TO INDIVIDUAL BOOKS OR PAIRS OF BOOKS ONLY) Abicht K. Abicht, Herodotos fur¨ den Schulgebrauch erklart¨ vol. iii, books 5 and 6, Leipzig, 1883 Bowie A. M. Bowie, Herodotus Histories book VIII, Cambridge, 2007 Flower and Marincola M. Flower and J. Marincola, Herodotus Histories book IX, Cambridge, 2002 How and Wells W. W. How and J. Wells, Commentary on Herodotus, 2 vols, Oxford, 1912 Hude C. Hude, Herodoti Historiae, 2 vols., Oxford 1912 (OCT) Legrand P. Legrand, Herodote´ livre V. Terpsichore2,Paris Macan R. W. Macan, Herodotus, the fourth, fifth and sixth books (2 vols., London, 1895) or occasionally Herodotus: the seventh, eighth and ninth books (3 vols., London, 1908) Nenci (as appropriate) either G. Nenci, Erodoto: le storie libro V, La rivolta della Ionia, Florence, 1994 or G. Nenci, Erodoto: le storie Libro VI, La battaglia di Maratona, Florence, 1998 OCT Oxford Classical Text. See under Hude, also Wilson Rosen´ H. B. Rosen,´ Herodoti historiae (Teubner edn of Hdt.), 2 vols., Leipzig, 1987–97 Scott L. Scott, Historical commentary on Herodotus book 6, Leiden and Boston, 2005 Stein H. Stein, Herodotos6, Berlin, 1901

x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Wilson N. G. Wilson, forthcoming new OCT of Hdt., or the accompanying Herodotea, where particular passages are discussed in greater detail

III OTHER ABBREVIATIONS AHG Alan Griffiths, personal communication AO R. Develin, Athenian officials 684–321, BC Cambridge, 1989 APF J. K. Davies, Athenian propertied families 600–300 BC, Oxford app. (crit.) apparatus (criticus), i.e. the material printed at the foot of the text, giving textual variants and emendations AR Archaeological Reports, booklet issued annually with JHS ATL B. D. Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery and M. F. McGregor, The Athenian tribute lists, 4 vols., Princeton, 1939–53 Barr. R. Talbert (ed.), Barrington atlas of the Greek and Roman world, Princeton, 2000; the accompanying map-by-map Directory (also 2000, also ed. R. Talbert: 2 vols. with continuous pagination) is also sometimes cited BE Bulletin Epigraphique (in Revue des Etudes´ grecques) Beloch K. J. Beloch, Griechische Geschichte, 2nd edn, 4 vols. in 8, Strasburg, Berlin and Leipzig, 1912–27 BNJ I. Worthington (general ed.), Brill’s new Jacoby, Leiden, 2006– Brill’s companion E. J. Bakker, I. de Jong and H. van Wees (eds.), Brill’s companion to Herodotus, Leiden, Boston and Cologne, 2002 Busolt G. Busolt, Griechische Geschichte, 3 vols., Gotha, 1893–1904 (vols. 1 and 2 in a 2nd edn) CAH Cambridge Ancient History, new edn. The vols. most cited are J. Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond and E. Sollberger (eds.), vol. 3 part 1 (1982); J. Boardman and N. G. L. Hammond (eds.), vol. 3 part 3 (1982); D. M. Lewis, J. Boardman, J. K. Davies and M. Ostwald (eds.), vol. 5 (1992); D. M. Lewis, J. Boardman, S. Hornblower and M. Ostwald (eds.), vol. 6 (1994). Note also J. Boardman (ed.), Plates Volume to Vols. 5 and 6 (1994)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi

Cambridge companion C. Dewald and J. Marincola (eds.), Cambridge companion to Herodotus, 2006 CEG P. Hansen, Carmina epigraphica graeca. Berlin and New York, 1983 and 1989 (2 vols., numbering of inscriptions continuous) CHGRW I P. Sabin, H. van Wees and M. Whitby (eds.), The Cambridge history of Greek and Roman warfare vol. i, Greece, the Hellenistic world and the rise of Rome, Cambridge, 2007 CT i, ii, iii S. Hornblower, A Commentary on Thucydides, 3 vols., Oxford, 1991, 1996, 2008 Derow/Parker P. Derow and R. Parker (eds.), Herodotus and his world, Oxford, 2003 DGE E. Schwyzer, Dialectorum Graecarum exempla potiora epigraphica, Leipzig, 1923 DK H. Diels and W. Kranz (eds.), Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker6, 3 vols., Berlin 1952 Ebert J. Ebert, Griechische Epigramme auf Sieger an gymnischen und hippischen Agonen, Abh. sachs.¨ Ges. Wiss. 63. 2, Berlin, 1972 EGM R. L. Fowler, Early Greek mythography,vol.i:Text and introduction, vol. ii: Commentary, Oxford, 2000–13 Eretria P. Ducrey, S. Fachard, D. Knoepfler, T. Theurillat, D. Wagner and A. G. Zannis, Eretria, a guide to the ancient city, Fribourg, 2004 F fragment (of historian in FGrHist) FGE D. L. Page, Further Greek epigrams, Cambridge, 1981 FGrHist F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, 15 vols, Leiden 1923–58 Fornara C. W. Fornara, Translated documents, archaic times to the end of the Peloponnesian war2, Cambridge, 1983 Fowler See EGM GGM C. Muller,¨ Geographi Graeci minores, 2 vols., Paris, 1861 Greek world S. Hornblower, The Greek world 479–323 BC4, London, 2011 GSW W. K. Pritchett, The Greek state at war, 5 vols., Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969–91 HCP F. W. Walbank, Historical commentary on Polybius, 3 vols., Oxford, 1957–79 HM i, ii N. G. L. Hammond, History of Macedonia vol. i, Oxford, 1972; N. G. L. Hammond and G. T. Griffith, History of Macedonia vol. ii, Oxford, 1979 IACP M. H. Hansen and T. H. Nielsen (eds.), An inventory of Archaic and Classical poleis, Oxford,

xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

2004. Usually refs. are to entry nos., occasionally to page numbers, prefaced by ‘p.’ ICS O. Masson, Inscriptions chypriotes syllabiques,Paris, 1961, reprinted with expansions as Etudes´ Chypriotes, Paris, 1983 IG Inscriptiones Graecae, Berlin, 1873– I. Labraunda J. Crampa (ed.), Labraunda, Swedish excavations and researches 3(1) and 3(2): The Greek inscriptions, Lund, 1969 and Stockholm, 1972 Irwin/Greenwood E. Irwin and E. Greenwood (eds.), Reading Herodotus: a study of the Logoi in Book 5 of Herodotus’ Histories, Cambridge, 2007 LGPN A Lexicon of Greek personal names, 6 vols. published to date, Oxford, 1987–2010 LIMC Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae, Zurich and New York, 1981–1997 LSAG2 L. H. Jeffery, revised A. W. Johnston, Local scripts of Archaic Greece, Oxford, 1990 LSJ H. G. Liddell, R. Scott and H. Stuart Jones, A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford, 1996 LSS F. Sokolowski, Lois sacrees´ des cites´ grecques, suppl., Paris, 1962 Maas see Wilson 2011 in Works cited (marginalia in Maas’ personal copy of Hude’s OCT; most of them not previously published) Mausolus S. Hornblower, Mausolus, Oxford, 1982 ML R. Meiggs and D. Lewis, A selection of Greek historical inscriptions to the end of the fifth century, BC revised edn, Oxford, 1988 Moretti see Moretti 1957 in Works cited OCD4 S. Hornblower, A. J. S. Spawforth and E. Eidinow (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edn, Oxford, 2012 OGIS W. Dittenberger, Orientis graecae inscriptiones selectae, 2 vols, Leipzig, 1903–5 Onomatologos R. W. V. Catling and F. Marchand (eds.), Onomatologos: Studies in Greek personal names presented to Elaine Matthews, Oxford, 2010 PECS R. Stillwell (ed.), Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites, Princeton, 1976 Pf. R. Pfeiffer, Callimachus, 2 vols., Oxford, 1949–53 PMG D. L. Page (ed.), Poetae melici graeci, Oxford, 1962

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii

PMGF M. Davies, Poetarum melicorum graecorum fragmenta, vol. 1, Oxford, 1991 P. Oxy. Oxyrhynchus papyri Powell J. E. Powell, Lexicon to Herodotus, Cambridge, 1938 Powell tr. J. E. Powell (translated), Herodotus, Oxford, 2 vols., 1949. Note esp. Critical [i.e. textual] Appendix at 2. 687–722 PT G. G. Cameron, Persepolis treasury tablets, Chicago, 1948 RC C. B. Welles, Royal correspondence in the Hellenistic period, New Haven, 1934 R.-E. Real-Encyclopadie¨ der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, ed.A.F.Pauly,G.Wissowa,W.Kroll,66volsand 15 supplements (Stuttgart, 1894–1980) R/O P. J. Rhodes and R. Osborne, Greek historical inscriptions 404–323 BC, Oxford, 2003 (revised paperback edn, 2007) SEG Supplementum epigraphicum graecum, 1923– SGDI H. Collitz and F. Bechtel, Sammlung der griechischen Dialekt-Inschriften, 4 vols., Gottingen,¨ 1884–1915 SvT H. H. Schmitt, Die Staatsvertrage¨ des Altertums, vol. 32, Munich, 1969 Syll3 W. Dittenberger, Sylloge inscriptionum Graecarum, 4 vols., 3rd edn, Leipzig, 1915–24 Th. and Pi. S. Hornblower, Thucydides and Pindar: historical narrative and the world of epinikian poetry, Oxford, 2004 ThesCRA Thesaurus cultus et rituum antiquorum, 7 vols., Los Angeles, 2004–11 Thucydides S. Hornblower, Thucydides, London, 1994 Tod M.N.Tod,A selection of Greek historical inscriptions, vol. i: To the end of the fifth century BC, Oxford, 1933; vol. ii, From 403 to 323 BC, Oxford, 1948 (numbering of inscriptions is continuous) Tozzi P. Tozzi, La rivolta ionica, Pisa, 1978 TT S. Hornblower, Thucydidean themes, Oxford, 2011 Voigt E.-M. Voigt, Sappho et Alcaeus: fragmenta, Amsterdam, 1971 Waterfield Herodotus, the Histories, tr. R. Waterfield, with introduction and notes by C. Dewald, Oxford, World’s Classics 1998

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