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ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page iii A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication ACA_a01.qxd 26/02/2009 12:14PM Page xxxviii ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page i A COMPANION TO ARCHAIC GREECE ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page ii BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between twenty-five and forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY LITERATURE AND CULTURE A Companion to the Roman Army A Companion to Classical Receptions Edited by Paul Erdkamp Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray A Companion to the Roman Republic A Companion to Greek and Roman Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Historiography Robert Morstein-Marx Edited by John Marincola A Companion to the Roman Empire A Companion to Catullus Edited by David S. Potter Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner A Companion to the Classical Greek World A Companion to Roman Religion Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl Edited by Jörg Rüpke A Companion to the Ancient Near East A Companion to Greek Religion Edited by Daniel C. Snell Edited by Daniel Ogden A Companion to the Hellenistic World A Companion to the Classical Tradition Edited by Andrew Erskine Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf A Companion to Late Antiquity A Companion to Roman Rhetoric Edited by Philip Rousseau Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall A Companion to Archaic Greece A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Edited by Ian Worthington Hans van Wees A Companion to Ancient Epic A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by John Miles Foley Edited by Miriam Griffin A Companion to Greek Tragedy A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Justina Gregory Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Latin Literature Edited by Stephen Harrison A Companion to Ovid Edited by Peter E. Knox A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought Edited by Ryan K. Balot ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page iii A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page iv This edition first published 2009 © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to Archaic Greece / edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees. p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to the ancient world) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-631-23045-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Greece–Civilization–To 146 B.C. I. Raaflaub, Kurt A. II. Wees, Hans van. DF77.C6955 2009 938–dc22 2008046992 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10/12.5 pt Galliard by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in the United Kingdom 01 2009 ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page v Contents List of Illustrations viii Notes on Contributors xii Preface xx List of Abbreviations xxiii Maps xxiv Part I Introduction 1 1 The Historiography of Archaic Greece 3 John K. Davies 2 The Mediterranean World in the Early Iron Age 22 Carol G. Thomas Part II Histories 41 3 The Early Iron Age 43 Catherine Morgan 4 The Eighth-century Revolution 64 Ian Morris 5 The World of Homer and Hesiod 81 Christoph Ulf ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page vi vi Contents 6 The Tyrants 100 Elke Stein-Hölkeskamp 7 Sparta 117 Massimo Nafissi 8 Athens 138 Michael Stahl and Uwe Walter 9 Greeks and Persians 162 Josef Wiesehöfer Part III Regions 187 10 Attica: A View from the Sea 189 Sanne Houby-Nielsen 11 The Aegean 212 Alexander Mazarakis Ainian and Iphigenia Leventi 12 Laconia and Messenia 239 Nigel Kennell and Nino Luraghi 13 The Peloponnese 255 Thomas Heine Nielsen and James Roy 14 Crete 273 James Whitley 15 Northern Greece 294 Zosia Halina Archibald 16 The Western Mediterranean 314 Carla M. Antonaccio 17 The Black Sea 330 Gocha R. Tsetskhladze Part IV Themes 347 18 Cities 349 Jan Paul Crielaard 19 Foundations 373 Irad Malkin 20 States 395 Hans-Joachim Gehrke 21 Charismatic Leaders 411 Robert W. Wallace ACA_a01.qxd 25/02/2009 02:23PM Page vii Contents vii 22 Sanctuaries and Festivals 427 François de Polignac 23 The Economy 444 Hans van Wees 24 Class 468 Peter W. Rose 25 Gender 483 Lin Foxhall 26 The Culture of the Symposion 508 Oswyn Murray 27 The Culture of Competition 524 Nick Fisher 28 Literacy 542 John-Paul Wilson 29 Intellectual Achievements 564 Kurt A. Raaflaub 30 War and International Relations 585 Henk Singor 31 Ethnicity and Cultural Exchange 604 Jonathan M. Hall Bibliography 618 Indices 713 ACA_a01.qxd 26/02/2009 12:14PM Page viii Illustrations Maps 1 The eastern Mediterranean and the Persian empire xxiv 2 The western Mediterranean xxv 3 The Peloponnese xxvi 4 Laconia xxvii 5 Messenia xxviii 6 Attica xxix 7 The central Aegean xxx 8 Naxos and Paros xxx 9 Crete xxxi 10 Greek Asia Minor xxxii 11 The Black Sea xxxiii 12 The northern Aegean xxxiv 13 Macedonia xxxv 14 Northern Greece xxxvi 15 Central Greece xxxvii Figures 2.1 Peoples of the Mediterranean 26 2.2 Resources in the Mediterranean world 37 4.1 Four material culture regions in Aegean Greece 65 7.1 A Laconian cup by the Naucratis painter 132 8.1 A reconstruction of Solon’s axones 146 8.2 Vase painting of Harmodius and Aristogeiton killing Hipparchos 150 8.3 A plan of the Agora ca. 500 bc 152 ACA_a01.qxd 26/02/2009 12:14PM Page ix Illustrations ix 9.1 Schematic plan of Achaemenid fortifications at Sardis 170 9.2 Croeseïd coin 172 9.3 Temple of Artemis at Ephesos 174 9.4 Tomb of Cyrus at Pasargadae 180 9.5 Palace at Pasargadae 180 9.6 The Zendan at Pasargadae 180 10.1 The river Illisos in Athens in 1906 201 10.2 View from the Acropolis over the “heart” of early archaic Athens 201 10.3 The distribution of archaic grave monuments in Attica 209 11.1 Reconstruction drawing of the Lefkandi heroon 217 11.2 Plans of temple of Apollo at Eretria 218 11.3 Statue of Gorgo from Paros 220 11.4 Temple at Yria: (a) phases I–III; (b) phase IV 221 11.5 Aerial view of sanctuary on Kythnos 222 11.6 Adyton of the sanctuary on Kythnos 223 11.7 Gold rosace found in the adyton of the sanctuary on Kythnos 223 11.8 Temple at Old Smyrna 226 11.9 Megaron Hall at Emborio, Chios 227 11.10 Geneleos statue group from Samos 231 12.1 Masks from Artemis Orthia sanctuary 242 12.2 Votives from Artemis Orthia sanctuary 242 12.3 The Spartan countryside, 550–540 bc 246 13.1 Plan of Halieis 258 13.2 Reconstructed plan of the temple at Ayios Elias and of some closely related Arkadian temples 260 13.3 A fragmentary kouros from Tourkoleka 261 13.4 Wheel-road near Pheneos in Arcadia 262 14.1 The Hunt Shield, a bronze votive tympanum from the Idaean cave 278 14.2 Protogeometric B straight-sided pithos from Knossos, north cemetery 279 14.3 Isometric reconstruction of Kommos, temple B 280 14.4 The Rethymnon mitra 287 14.5 The Spensithios inscription and mitra 289 15.1 View of the Theban plain and Lake Helice from Mt.
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