DOCSLIB.ORG

Yangon University of Economics Department Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yangon University of Economics Department Of YANGON UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MASTER OF BANKING AND FINANCE PROGRAMME CREDIT ACCESSIBILITY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOAN ON FAR PERFORMANCE (A Case Study of WAKEMA TOWNSHIP, AYEYARWADY REGION) CHIT SU WIN (MBF-4th BATCH) DECEMBER, 2018 CREDIT ACCESSIBILITY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOAN ON FAR PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF WAKEMA TOWNSHIP, AYEYARWADY REGION) A thesis submitted as a partial fulfillment towards the requirements for the degree of Master of Banking and Finance (MBF) Supervised by: Submitted by: Dr Tin Tin Htwe Chit Su Win Professor Roll No - 87 Department of Commerce MBF – 4th Batch Yangon University of Economics Yangon University of Economics DECEMBER, 2018 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between credit accessibility and the effectiveness of Loan on Farm Performance in Wakema Township, Ayeyarwady Division. Both of the primary and secondary data were used in this study. There are 125 village tracts in Wakema township and random sample of 83 active agricultural farmers was obtained from 5 village tracts which represent 10% of farmers from those 5 village tracts. Face to face interview was applied with the help of structured questionnaires. Correlation and regression models were used to test whether the performance of agricultural farm is affected by credit accessibility and also if there is any relationship between the two. There is a significant positive correlation between credit accessibility with the farm yield and farm income per acre but formal low interest loan is not enough during farming seasons. Thus, credit accessibility is the most important factor for farm’s performance and need government support to get enough loan amount during farming season with low interest rates. Farmers also need the supply of certified paddy seeds, enough agricultural research and knowledge sharing about fertilizer use, crop diversification to maximize profit, and also need the quality of agricultural mechanization to improve country’s economy. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Tin Win, Rector of Yangon University of Economics, for his kind support and wisdom granted to MBF students. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Daw Soe Thu. Programme Director MBF Programme who gives time and patience for kind suggestions, guidelines and comments on the text of this paper. I am most grateful to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Dr. Daw Tin Tin Htwe, Professor, Department of commerce. The guidance and support that she gave really help me for the progression and fluency of the thesis. Especially, I would like to thank all lecturers of MBF Course for their knowledge and experiences that they shared during the course. For the field research, I would like to send my thankfulness to people in General Administrative Office staff in Wakema Township and village head and farmers for their help in providing information and my essential friend who helped me collecting data in study site. I am grateful too, my classmate who shared their experiences during studying time. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the Study 3 1.2 Objectives of the Study 5 1.3 Scope, Method and Limitation of the Study 5 1.4 Organization of the Study 6 CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUNG OF THE STUDY 2.1 The Role of Agricultural Credit 7 2.2 Credit Accessibility 8 2.3 Measuring farms Performance 10 2.4 Previous Study 11 2.5 Conceptual Framework of the Study 14 CHAPTER 3 THE BACKGROUND STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL LOAN IN WAKEMA TOWNSHIP 3.1 Overview of Agricultural Sector in Myanmar 16 3.2 Myanmar Agricultural Public Expenditure Review 17 3.3 Background Description of Wakema Township 23 CHAPTER 4 ANALTSIS OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT 31 ACCESSIBILITY AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS ON FARM PERFORMANCE 4.1 Research Design 31 4.2 Background Characteristics of Respondents 32 4.3 Credit Accessibility of Respondents 33 4.4 Farm Performance 41 iii CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 44 5.1 Findings 44 5.2 Suggestions 47 5.3 Needs for Further Research 48 REFERENCES APPENDIX iv LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 1.1 Annual Interest Rates and Margin of MADB 4 3.1 Land Utilization of Paddy for Ayeyarwady Region Vs the Whole 17 Myanmar 3.2 Recent Agricultural Grow (%) was slower and more volatile than 18 in Other Sectors 3.3 Myanmar’s Agriculture is Still Large in National Accounts 18 3.4 Type of Loans Offered by MADB 19 3.5 Yearly Rainfall and Temperature in Wakema Township 26 3.6 Individual Income for Wakema Township 28 3.7 MADB Agricultural Loan Distribution by Crops, Value in Kyat 29 Millions 3.8 MADB Loan Distribution by Season in Wakema Township, 30 Value in Kyat Millions 4.1 Sample Respondents in the Study 32 4.2 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 33 4.3 Number of Respondents by Average Yearly Income 34 4.4 Main Source of Income 35 4.5 Number of Respondents by Years of Rice Cultivation 35 4.6 Number of Respondents by Acres of Rice Cultivation 36 4.7 No. of Respondents by Amount of Rice and Other Crops 38 Production 4.8 Credit Accessibility from Formal and Informal Lenders 38 4.9 No. of Respondents by Receiving Adequate Loan Amount from 39 Formal Financial Institutions 4.10 Loan Readiness from Formal and Informal Lenders 40 4.11 Paddy Yield per Acre of Respondents 41 4.12 Correlation between Credit Accessibility and Farm Yield 42 4.13 Correlation between Credit Accessibility and Farm Income per 42 Acre 4.14 Regression Results for Farm Income per Acre 43 4.15 Regression Results for Farm Yield 44 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 2.1 Conceptual Framework Showing Credit Terms, Credit 13 Accessibility and Performance of Agricultural Farm 2.2 Conceptual Frame Work of the Study 15 3.1 Wakema Township Map 25 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A Bank Ayeyarwaddy Farmers Development Bank ADB Asia Development Bank CBM Central Bank of Myanmar CSO Central Statistical Organization CSO Central Statistical Organization EUR Euro Dollar EUR Euro Dollar GDP Gross Domestic Product GDP Gross Domestic Product INGO International Non-Governmental Organization INGO International Non-Governmental Organization MAB Myanmar Apex Bank MADB Myanmar Agricultural Development Bank MEB Myanmar Economic Bank MFI Microfinance Institutions MIA Myanmar Industries Association MIMMU Myanmar Information Management Unit MMI Myanmar Investment MMK Myanmar Kyat MRF Myanmar Rice Federation MRSC Rice Specialized Companies NGO Non-Governmental Organization vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Agricultural credit accessibility and loan effectiveness is important to boost country’s economic growth for developing country like Myanmar because seventy percent of the country’s economy depends on the agricultural sector, and the modernization of the agriculture sector is a critical element for poverty alleviation and prosperity of the country. Agricultural financing is one of the most important factors to develop rural areas in developing countries like Myanmar. Therefore, agricultural credit should not be considered in isolation but as part of an integrated process of economic development and social betterment applied in such a way that rural populations share in the results. Efficient systems of agricultural credit are necessary if agricultural make its contribution in national improvement. It is important for farmers to get agricultural credit by means of enough loan amount with low interest rates because farmers need to improve their farm performance and increase productivity by employing techniques such as the use of fertilizers, spraying their crops against pests and diseases, training labor, quality seeds and machinery. These investment need should not be financial burden and constraints to the farmers. To elimination the farmer`s financial constraints to invest in farm activities, increasing productivity and improving technologies, farmers need the agricultural credit by enough amount with low interest rates. To develop the above performance, firms need a loan which the loan accessibility and effectiveness are the important factors for the agricultural sector in Myanmar. Accessibility of Agricultural credit by farms were set by lending institutions and, in doing so, affect the performance achieved by firms. Financial institutions’ lending policies often determine the access problem: when credit terms and provision of supplementary be rejected (Guirkerger, 2006). Therefore, the performance of the firms cannot be considered in terms of profitability and productivity alone but must also take into account the fact that farm’s access to credit and how effectiveness of these loan would play a vital role in their performance. The accessibility of formal credit is still fairly constrained and not enough makes the farmers to turn more expensive and unreliable informal credit sources whose interest rates are normally higher. In Myanmar, government have to play a 1 large part in formulating development programs such as the role of agricultural credit in overall national plans and programs to support the agriculture sector. Among the government institutions supporting the agriculture sector, the Myanma Agricultural Development Bank (MADB) plays an important role. MADB is state owned and the successor to the State Agricultural Bank (SAB) established in 1953, which latterly became the Myanma Agricultural Bank (MADB) in 1976. In 2018, it has a countrywide network of 14 regional offices, 208 branches which provides short term and long-term credit to over 2 million farmers. During 2014/15, MADB provides 71% of total agricultural loan from all sources of financial institutions and it is the largest portion of agricultural loan provider in the country. Myanmar is an agricultural country and estimated that agriculture sector represents 35 to 40 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) (THE WORLD BANK GROUP, 2014, Myanmar Agricultural Development Bank: Initial Assessment and Restructuring Options) and over seventy percent of the population survives by farming agriculture and it is also a major source of income in Myanmar.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wakema Township Report
    THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census AYEYAWADY REGION, MYAUNGMYA DISTRICT Wakema Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Ayeyawady Region, Myaungmya District Wakema Township Report Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population Office No.48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431062 www.dop.gov.mm October 2017 Figure 1 : Map of Ayeyawady Region, showing the townships Wakema Township Figures at a Glance 1 Total Population 289,106 2 Population males 140,698 (48.7%) Population females 148,408 (51.3%) Percentage of urban population 7.7% Area (Km2) 1190.2 3 Population density (per Km2) 242.9 persons Median age 27.5 years Number of wards 14 Number of village tracts 126 Number of private households 67,448 Percentage of female headed households 21.2% Mean household size 4.2 persons 4 Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 30.3% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 64.1% Elderly population (65+ years) 5.5% Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 55.9 Child dependency ratio 47.3 Old dependency ratio 8.6 Ageing index 18.3 Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 95 Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 90.8% Male 93.4% Female 88.5% People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 23,071 8.0 Walking 9,621 3.3 Seeing 14,998 5.2 Hearing 5,924 2.0 Remembering 8,519 2.9 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar
    Myanmar Development Research (MDR) (Present) Enlightened Myanmar Research (EMR) Wing (3), Room (A-305) Thitsar Garden Housing. 3 Street , 8 Quarter. South Okkalarpa Township. Yangon, Myanmar +951 562439 Acknowledgement of Myanmar Development Research This edition of the “Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar (2010-2012)” is the first published collection of facts and information of political parties which legally registered at the Union Election Commission since the pre-election period of Myanmar’s milestone 2010 election and the post-election period of the 2012 by-elections. This publication is also an important milestone for Myanmar Development Research (MDR) as it is the organization’s first project that was conducted directly in response to the needs of civil society and different stakeholders who have been putting efforts in the process of the political transition of Myanmar towards a peaceful and developed democratic society. We would like to thank our supporters who made this project possible and those who worked hard from the beginning to the end of publication and launching ceremony. In particular: (1) Heinrich B�ll Stiftung (Southeast Asia) for their support of the project and for providing funding to publish “Fact Book of Political Parties in Myanmar (2010-2012)”. (2) Party leaders, the elected MPs, record keepers of the 56 parties in this book who lent their valuable time to contribute to the project, given the limited time frame and other challenges such as technical and communication problems. (3) The Chairperson of the Union Election Commission and all the members of the Commission for their advice and contributions.
    [Show full text]
  • IRIN/Kahmu Village/June 2008 SAMPLE of ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING in CONSOLIDATED APPEALS
    IRIN/Kahmu Village/June 2008 SAMPLE OF ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS AARREC CRS HT MDM TGH ACF CWS Humedica MEDAIR UMCOR ACTED Danchurchaid IA MENTOR UNAIDS ADRA DDG ILO MERLIN UNDP Africare Diakonie Emergency Aid IMC NCA UNDSS AMI-France DRC INTERMON NPA UNEP ARC EM-DH Internews NRC UNESCO ASB FAO INTERSOS OCHA UNFPA ASI FAR IOM OHCHR UN-HABITAT AVSI FHI IPHD OXFAM UNHCR CARE Finnchurchaid IR PA (formerly ITDG) UNICEF CARITAS French RC IRC PACT UNIFEM CEMIR INTERNATIONAL FSD IRD PAI UNJLC CESVI GAA IRIN Plan UNMAS CFA GOAL IRW PMU-I UNOPS CHF GTZ Islamic RW PU UNRWA CHFI GVC JOIN RC/Germany VIS CISV Handicap International JRS RCO WFP CMA HealthNet TPO LWF Samaritan's Purse WHO CONCERN HELP Malaria Consortium SECADEV World Concern Concern Universal HelpAge International Malteser Solidarités World Relief COOPI HKI Mercy Corps SUDO WV CORDAID Horn Relief MDA TEARFUND ZOA COSV TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 1 Table I. Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges – By Cluster.............................................. 3 Table II. Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges – By Appealing Organisation ................... 4 2. RESPONSE REVIEW.................................................................................................................................. 5 3. THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cyclone Nargis 2 March 2011
    Emergency appeal n° MDRMM002 Myanmar: GLIDE n° TC-2008-000057-MMR Operations update n° 30 Cyclone Nargis 2 March 2011 A farmer in Kyaukchaung, a sub-township in the far reaches of the Ayeyarwady Delta, spreads fertilizer in his paddy field. Up to the end of January this year, approximately 98.7 per cent of the 19,366 people targeted under the asset recovery project, were provided with livelihoods assistance. (Photo: Myanmar Red Cross Society) 2 Period covered by this update: Oct 2010 to Feb 20111 Appeal target (current): CHF 68.5 million2 Appeal coverage: 104% <view attached financial report, updated donor response report, or contact details> Appeal history: • With this operations update, the budget has been revised down to CHF 68.5 million and the revised appeal is extended by two months from May to end July 2011. A Final Report is scheduled to be made available by end Oct – see summary below for details. Field activities however will remain largely unaffected and are scheduled to conclude by early May, as per the Emergency Appeal of 8 July 2008. A concluding Plan of Action in line with the revised budget is being finalised. • 8 July 2008: A revised emergency appeal was launched for CHF 73.9 million (USD 72.5 million or EUR 45.9 million) to assist 100,000 households for 36 months. • 16 May 2008: An emergency appeal was launched for CHF 52,857,809 (USD 50.8 million or EUR 32.7 million) to assist 100,000 households for 36 months. • 6 May 2008: A preliminary emergency appeal was launched for CHF 6,290,909 (USD 5.9 million or EUR 3.86 million) to assist 30,000 households for six months.
    [Show full text]
  • Burma Briefer
    Λ L T S E Λ N B U R M A BN 2014/2003: Edited September 19, 2014 DEVELOPMENTS AFTER THE 2013 UNGA RESOLUTION The Burmese authorities have failed to implement most of the recommendations from previous United Nations General INSIDE Assembly (UNGA) resolutions, in particular Resolution 1 2015 ELECTIONS 68/242, adopted in 2013. In some areas, the situation has 2 MEDIA FREEDOMS RESTRICTED deteriorated as a result of deliberate actions by the 3 ARBITRARY HRD ARRESTS authorities. This briefer summarizes developments on the 4 OTHER HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ground with direct reference to key paragraphs of the 4 Torture and sexual violence resolution. 5 Land confiscation 5 WAR AND PEACE TALKS The authorities have either failed or refused to protect 6 PERSECUTION OF ROHINGYA vulnerable populations from serious human rights violations, 6 Discriminatory legislation or pursued essential legislative and institutional reforms, effectively blocking Burma’s progress towards genuine 6 Pre-existing laws and policies democracy and national reconciliation. This has been partly 7 Failure to respond to communal violence due to an assumption that the UNGA resolution will either be 7 Hate speech and incitement to violence canceled or severely watered down as a trade-off for smaller 7 1.2 MILLION PEOPLE EXCLUDED concessions. FROM CENSUS 8 SITUATION DIRE IN ARAKAN STATE So far, 2014 has been marred by an overall climate of APPENDICES impunity that has seen a resurgence of media repression, the ongoing sentencing of human rights defenders, an increase in a1 I: 158 new arrests and imprisonments the number of land ownership disputes, and ongoing attacks a14 II: Contradictory ceasefire talks on civilians by the Tatmadaw in Kachin and Shan States a15 III: 122 clashes in Kachin, Shan States amid nationwide ceasefire negotiations.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Environment Facility (GEF) Operations
    RICE-Adapt: Promoting Climate-Resilient Livelihoods in Rice-Farming Communities in the lower Ayeyarwady and Sittaung River Basins Part I: Project Information GEF ID 10395 Project Type FSP Type of Trust Fund LDCF CBIT/NGI CBIT No NGI No Project Title RICE-Adapt: Promoting Climate-Resilient Livelihoods in Rice-Farming Communities in the lower Ayeyarwady and Sittaung River Basins Countries Myanmar Agency(ies) FAO Other Executing Partner(s) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) & Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI) Executing Partner Type Government GEF Focal Area Climate Change Taxonomy Climate Change, Focal Areas, Climate Change Adaptation, Community-based adaptation, Innovation, Climate information, Private sector, Least Developed Countries, Adaptation Tech Transfer, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Livelihoods, Mainstreaming adaptation, Disaster risk management, Climate finance, Climate resilience, Influencing models, Demonstrate innovative approache, Convene multi-stakeholder alliances, Strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making, Stakeholders, Beneficiaries, Civil Society, Community Based Organization, Communications, Awareness Raising, Local Communities, Type of Engagement, Partnership, Information Dissemination, Participation, Private Sector, SMEs, Individuals/Entrepreneurs, Gender Equality, Capacity Development, Gender results areas, Participation and leadership, Access to benefits and services, Knowledge Generation and Exchange, Access and control over natural resources, Gender
    [Show full text]
  • (A) Kachin State (1) Permitted Areas A. Bhamo Township B. Shwegu
    Permitted Areas (a) Kachin State (1) Permitted Areas a. Bhamo Township b. Shwegu Township c. Mogaung Township d. Mohnyin Township e. Myit-kyi-na Township (2) Permitted only in the Downtown Areas a. Putao Township b. Machanbaw Township c. Mansi Township d. Momauk Township e. Waingmaw Township (3) The Areas which need to get the Prior Permission a. Naung-mon Township b. Kawng-lan-hpu Township c. Sumprabum Township d. Hpakant Township e. Tanai Township f. Injangyang Township g. Chipwi Township h. Tsawlaw Township (b) Kayah State (1) Permitted Areas a. Loi-kaw Township b. Demoso Township . Dawkaladu and Taneelalae Village in Dawkalawdu Village Group . Ngwetaung Village in Ngwetaung Village Group . Panpetrwanku, Panpetsaunglu, Panpetpemasaung . Panpetkateku and Panpetdawke Villages (Except these, other areas need to get permission) c. Hpasawng Township . Uptown Quarters in Hpasaung, Bawlakheand Mese . Towns on the bordering- trade way with Thailand . (Except these, other areas need to get permission) d. Bawlakhe Township . Uptown Quarters in Hpasaung, Bawlakheand Mese . Towns on the bordering- trade way with Thailand . (Except these, other areas need to get permission) e. Mese Township . Uptown Quarters in Hpasaung, Bawlakheand Mese . Towns on the bordering- trade way with Thailand . (Except these, other areas need to get permission) (2) Permitted only in the Downtown Areas a. Hpruso Township (3) The Areas which need to get the Prior Permission a. Shadaw Township (c) Kayin State (1) Permitted Areas a. Hpa-an Township b. Mya-wady Township . Su-kali Sub-Township . Wal-lae Sub-Township (2) Permitted only in the Downtown Areas a. Kaw-ka-reik Township . Kyone-doe Sub-Township b.
    [Show full text]
  • As of 06 September 2021
    G Mya nma r Informa tion Ma na gement U nit G !(G Proba ble Flood Inunda ted Area in Ayeya rwa dy a nd Ba go Region G !(G G (a s of 06 September 2021) !(J"G 95°0'E 95°20'E 95°40'E Bhuta n Na tta lin G !(J"G India G China G G / Nattalin Township Water Level Issued on 6.9.2021 T a r Pun Zigon Township Ba ngla desh Water Level Danger Level Water level at !(G N N ' Kya ngin Z igon ' 0 Station (cm) 1:00pm (cm) !( !( 0 2 G 2 ° J" J"G ° 8 Seiktha 1200 1215 8 V ietna m 1 Ba tye G 1 Mya nma r Hinthada 1342 1358 !(G MGya na ung Nay Pyi Taw !(J" !(^_ Zalun 1160 1179 G L a os Ngathaingchaung 1160 1163 Gyobingauk Township Thabaung 620 605 Kyangin Township Ka na ung !(J"GGyobinga uk Yangon Pathein 350 315 !( !( G G T ha ila nd Maubin 720 672 G Okpho !(J"G G Ca mbodia IGn Pin !( Monyo Township Okpho Township Myanaung Township G G Oe T hei Kone G Monyo !( G !(J"G N N ' ' 0 0 ° ° Satellite detected water extent as of 8 8 1 Htoogyi Minhla 1 06 September 2021 in Ayeyarwady !(G !(J"G G T his ma p illustra tes sa tellite-detected surfa ce wa ters due to Ba go Region the current monsoon ra ins over Ayeya rwa dy Region of Me Z a L i Kone Ayeya rwa dy Region !( SGit Kwin Mya nma r a s observed from a Sentinel-1 ima ge a s of 6 G !( September 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Labutta Township Ayeyawady Region, Myanmar, 2016-2050
    CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF LABUTTA TOWNSHIP AYEYAWADY REGION, MYANMAR, 2016-2050 SCENARIOS FOR RESILIENCE BUILDING STUDY CONDUCTED BY IN COLLABORATION WITH ‘‘Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Labutta Township, Ayeyawady Region, Myanmar , 2016-2050: Scenarios for NOTES ON THE STUDY Resilience Building’’ Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) First edition 2017 - updates and information at www.myanmarccalliance.org UN-Habitat and UN-Environment conducted the study as implementing United Nations Human Settlements Programme United Nations Environment partners of the Myanmar Climate Change P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya UN Avenue, Gigiri Alliance Programme (MCCA). MCCA is an [email protected] PO Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya initiative of the Ministry of Natural Resources www.unhabitat.org www.unep.org and Environmental Conservation (MoNREC), i.e. Environmental Conservation Department (ECD). Cover Photo: Crossing by boat to Oo Yi Kone village from Labutta ©MCCA/UN-Habitat, 2016 MCCA is funded the European Union through the All pictures, unless otherwise stated, are to be credited to ©MCCA/UN-Habitat, 2016 Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA). GCCA is a flagship initiative of the European Union helping DISCLAIMER the world’s most vulnerable countries to respond to The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression climate change. GCCA is a major climate initiative that of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status since 2007 has funded 72 projects of national, regional of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or and worldwide scope in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development.
    [Show full text]
  • South Pacific Tsunami
    NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS BUREAU DE LA OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION COORDINATION DES AFFAIRES OF HUMANITARIAN HUMANITAIRES AFFAIRS OCHA Cyclone Nargis Myanmar OCHA Situation Report No. 14 18 May 2008 This situation report is based on information received by the clusters, whose partners include UN Agencies, national and international NGOs, the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and IOM. HIGHLIGHTS 1. The estimated number of affected persons is 2.4 million, including those severely affected. These figures are based on the numerous assessment reports received of the numbers of people affected in each township. Whilst limited access has hampered the accuracy of the data, Cluster Leads were today able to gain a picture of gaps that require further assessments, and agree upon a baseline planning figure for programming. 2. Initial estimates indicate 150,000 people in about 120 settlements in the delta. This is a mixture of both official and unofficial temporary settlements. 3. Requests with the Government for the approval of international staff to travel to the affected region are still pending. Although access to the delta is challenging, some elements of the Logistics Cluster Operations Plan are in place. Maximum efforts are being made by partners to utilise national structures existing prior to Cyclone Nargis to provide assistance to the affected areas. Relief arriving on commercial flights is being transported to the affected areas. However, this is not of the quantity or frequency required to meet the needs of the affected populations. Access is also compounded by the weather conditions as heavy rains prevent cargo from moving along some roads to the delta.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations Office for the Coordination Of
    UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS Myanmar Cyclone Nargis OCHA Situation Report No. 32 16 June 2008 SITUATION OVERVIEW 1. Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar on 2 and 3 May 2008, making landfall in the Ayeyarwady Division and hitting the former capital, Yangon. 37 townships were significantly affected by the cyclone. Current estimates suggest that 2.4 million people were affected. 1.3 million people are estimated to have been reached so far by International NGOs, the Red Cross and the UN. Official figures put the number of dead or missing at more than 130,000. 2. A Tripartite Core Group (TCG), consisting of high-level representatives of the Government of Myanmar, ASEAN and the UN, was established at a donor conference in Yangon on 25 May to oversee the coordination of relief assistance. The group’s fifth meeting took place in Yangon on 14 June. The ASEAN Secretary-General, Dr. Surin Pitsuwan, visited Yangon on 14 June. The Secretary-General met with TCG partners, PONJA management teams (see below) and Government representatives. 3. A joint relief and early recovery assessment (Post-Nargis Joint Assessment/PONJA) is underway. The assessment involves humanitarian needs (Village Tract Assessment/VTA) and damage components (Damage and Loss Assessment/DaLA). Field surveys involving some 250 assessment personnel are taking place in 30 of the worst-affected townships between 10 and 19 June. As of 16 June 32 VTA teams have covered 84 out of 128 assessment ‘quadrants’ in Bogale, Labutta, Pathein, Pyapon, Wakema and Yangon. 4. New Government guidelines for international organizations providing assistance in cyclone- affected areas were introduced on 10 June.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Road Survey.Xdw
    Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Construction, PW The Project for Improvement of Road Technology in Disaster Affected Area in Myanmar Report on Site Survey for Roads in Ayeyarwady Region (PP-1) March 2013 Japan International Cooperation Agency （JICA） Pegasus Engineering Corporation Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. EI JR 15-151 REPORT ON SITE SURVEY FOR ROADS IN AYEYARWADY REGION IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR MARCH 2013 Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. FukkenCo.,Ltd. (Yangon Branch Office) No.(5-C), Wingabar Road, Bahan Township, Yangon Region Tel: 01-544856, 01-545527 Email:[email protected] www.fukkenmyanmar.com www.myanmargeoconsultant.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 Candidate sites for Pilot Project ------------------------------------------ 1 1.2 Project Duration and Personnel -------------------------------------------- 1 1.3 Scope of Work --------------------------------------------------------------- 3 CHAPTER-2 PREPARATION ON SITE SURVEY ---------------------------------------------- 5 2.1 Information Collection ------------------------------------------------------ 5 2.2 Work Plan for Field Survey ------------------------------------------------ 5 2.3 Field Survey Plan on Ayeyarwady Region ------------------------------- 5 CHAPTER-3 FINDINGS ON SITE SURVEY ---------------------------------------------------- 7 3.1 General Information -------------------------------------------------------- 7 3.2 Differential
    [Show full text]