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Grand Challenges Specific Goal CAREERS TAKE THE LEAP Collaborations lead to Pfizer BLOG Personal stories and careers counsel NATUREJOBS For the latest career post for long-time NIH researcher p.131 http://blogs.nature.com/naturejobs listings and advice www.naturejobs.com used to find layers of coal or minerals below ground. She and a wetland ecologist from Duke put together an international team that includes geophysicists, foresters and environ- mental consultants. The team is now one of AP/REX/SHUTTERSTOCK five finalists for the prize, whose winner will be announced in February 2018. “It’s been an exciting adventure,” says Silvestri, who leads the DAG4Peat team. “This prize gave me the opportunity to follow a new direction in my career, but it was also risky, something that would have been difficult to get funded via traditional grants.” The use of goal-driven prizes to spur innovation has increased since the success of the Ansari X Prize in 1996, which aimed to acceler- ate the development of low-cost space flight (see ‘Glittering prizes’). The X Prize Foundation in Culver City, California, offered a $10-million prize for the first non-governmental organiza- tion to launch a reusable crewed craft into space. By the time the prize was awarded, in 2004, some 26 teams had signed on. Innovation prizes offer cash incentives to solve vexing problems. They are now a staple throughout US federal agencies, including NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, as well as in phil- anthropic organizations such as the Rod- A prize for mapping Indonesia’s peatlands could help to stop illegal clearances, which are a fire risk. denberry Foundation in Encino, California. These one-off contests pit teams of scien- COMPETITIONS tists — from companies, consulting agencies and academia — against each other. Prize competitions typically offer a substantial purse to the first team to achieve a Grand challenges specific goal. Some competitions offer mile- stone cash awards to help teams continue to develop their idea. ‘Challenges’ — for Scientists lured by big-prize competitions should weigh example, those offered by the US Agency for contests’ aims and non-monetary benefits before entering. International Development (USAID) or by Cancer Research UK — often aim to spark innovation in a research area, and typically BY VIRGINIA GEWIN vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the reward a set of selected teams with seed atmosphere: in 2015, fires in the region emit- funding to develop their ideas and to com- onia Silvestri was trained to use satellite ted hundreds of millions of tonnes of carbon pete for more funds to conduct research or imagery to map coastal vegetation and dioxide. To boost the enforcement of a nation- commercialize the project. salt marshes. But when a colleague wide moratorium on peatland development, Unlike conventional federal investment Se-mailed her last year about the Indonesian the Indonesian government worked with the in research and development — roughly Peat Prize — a competition to determine how David and Lucile Packard Foundation in the $113 billion in 2016 in the United States best to map the extent and depth of peatlands United States to create the prize, which carries alone — or awards such as the Nobel prizes, in Indonesia — it sparked her interest. a US$1-million purse. which honour scientists’ past work, these Peatlands result from the accumulation Silvestri, then a remote-sensing researcher at prizes and challenges typically aim to of dead plants on wetlands to form thick, Duke University in Durham, North Carolina translate science into tangible solutions, carbon-rich layers. In Indonesia, where peat- (where she maintains a courtesy appoint- such as new devices or research capabilities, lands are drained and cleared for oil-palm ment), theorized that scientists could map that will further the awarding organization’s plantations, resulting fires often send thick peat by combining satellite images with air- aims. The competitions typically take at least smoke throughout the region and release borne electromagnetic data, which are often one year, if not several, and often require ©2017 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All 2ri gNOVEMBERhts reserved. 2017 | VOL 551 | NATURE | 129 CAREERS competitors to reach project milestones. GLITTERING PRIZES Europe took longer than the United States Some high-profile competitions launched in the past decade. to warm to the trend, says Olivier Usher, research manager at the Challenge Prize Prize competition Duration Stated goals Prize money Centre at Nesta, an innovation foundation Wendy Schmidt Ocean 2013–15 Low-cost, durable pH US$2 million; awarded 2015 based in London. However, the European Health X Prize sensor to monitor ocean chemistry Commission (EC) is inviting submissions for nine Horizon Prizes up to 2019, including a Roddenberry Prize 2016 Innovations for the Winner ($400,000) and four €1.5-million (US$1.8-million) prize to find future runners-up ($150,000 each); awarded 2016 ways to help cut atmospheric CO2 emissions. Yet competing for prize or challenge Longitude Prize 2014–19 Reduce the use of £10 million ($13.16 million) antibiotics funding can be tricky for academic research- ers, particularly those in the early stages of Shell Ocean Discovery 2015–18 Advance ocean $7 million their careers. Unlike grants, prizes pay off in X Prize exploration prestige, expanded networks and media atten- Horizon Challenges 2013–20 Solutions to social €1 million to €2 million tion for the finalists, but typically only one issues in the European ($1.18 million to Union $2.24 million) winner gets the purse (although some compe- titions, such as the Google Lunar X Prize or the Roddenberry Prize, reward finalists with articulation of the problem statement, the accomplished through his academic research smaller sums). competition’s eligibility requirements and cri- alone. “It’s phenomenal that the prize money Aspiring prizewinners will need to secure teria for winning. Aspirants should also make has helped a small research group like ours to funding to compete. They should seek com- sure that the research will help them to reach affect millions of people,” he says. petitions whose goals and winning criteria their career goals whether they win or not. are clearly articulated, and will need to dis- Muhammad Zaman, a biomedical engineer WILL IT BE WORTH IT? cern whether entering the competition will at Boston University in Massachusetts, Prizes create the infrastructure and significantly improve their science. won a $2-million award in 2014 to scale up competition necessary to launch new branches PharmaChk, his fast, portable device to screen of scientific exploration, but competition SUCCESS STORIES for counterfeit or substandard medicines. The rules may shift or be unforgiving, which Silvestri, now based at the University of Padua Saving Lives at Birth challenge winner was can disrupt the playing field. And the final in Italy, admits that her gamble paid off. Earlier funded by USAID, the Gates Foundation, purse may not be what the prize organiza- this year, she won a Marie Curie Fellowship, Grand Challenges Canada and others, and tion had originally advertised. Anil Vaidya, a funded by the EC, to expand on how the tech- built on an earlier $250,000 seed grant from London-based medical engineer and industry niques that her team is exploring could be used the programme. Before this, most of Zaman’s consultant, assembled a team to compete in the to map peatlands on a global scale. Entering funding had come from the US National Insti- $10-million Qualcomm Tricorder X Prize, the prize competition allowed her to develop tutes of Health or the US National Science launched in 2012, to develop SCANurse, a new capabilities that could prove useful to any Foundation. “Through competing, we forged precision-diagnostics device. He was happy to country with peatlands. new collaborations with people in East Asia take the risk to develop and promote the team’s Hao Hu, a photonics scientist at the Technical and West Africa that wouldn’t otherwise have device, but doubts that he’d want to invest as University of Denmark in Lyngby, and his team happened at all,” he says. much (his team spent at least $100,000) to were already working on an international pro- Zaman marvels that his work will now compete again. As it was, his team had to ject, funded by a €9-million Danish Research have an impact beyond what he could have drop out of the competition because of a US Council grant and an EC–Japan grant, when Customs and Border Protection glitch. they won the €500,000 Horizon Prize in 2016 John Thornton, chief executive of for breaking optical-data transmission barriers Astrobotic, a space-robotics company based in tele communications. “The prize opened new in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, entered his com- doors for me,” says Hu. “It’s the start of brand- pany into the Lunar X Prize competition to be new research.” the first private firm to land on the Moon; the Although only the winner or winners get competition initially promised $20 million to financial benefits, the organizations that run the winner. His team alone met the three mile- prize competitions argue that all entrants stand stones, netting $1.7 million in prize money, KIRAN/AFP/GETTY MANJUNATH to gain recognition. “While the competition but Thornton says that the team spent far winner reaps the most benefits, other entrants more than that throughout the competition. also get increased visibility,” says Walt Reid, Astrobotic dropped out of the competition who directs the Packard Foundation’s conser- late last year, saying that it could not acceler- vation and science programme and came up ate its research and development to meet the with the idea of the Indonesian Peat Prize. launch deadline.
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