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Markuckyte Katedrinis Copy ! VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS POLITIKOS MOKSLŲ IR DIPLOMATIJOS FAKULTETAS VIEŠOSIOS KOMUNIKACIJOS KATEDRA Justina Markuckytė PILIEČIŲ ŽURNALISTIKOS RAIŠKA NAUJŲJŲ MEDIJŲ AMŽIUJE Magistro baigiamasis darbas Žurnalistikos ir medijų analizės studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 621P50002 Žurnalistikos studijų kryptis Vadovė Prof. dr. Kristina Juraitė _________ _________ (Moksl. laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Apginta Prof. dr. Šarūnas Liekis ________ __________ (Fakulteto/studijų instituto dekanas/direktorius) (Parašas) (Data) Kaunas, 2016 TURINYS SANTRAUKA……………………………………………………………………………………….3 SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………….4 ĮVADAS…..…………………………………………………………………………….……………6 1. PILIEČIŲ ŽURNALISTIKOS KONCEPCIJA………………………………………………….9 1.1. Piliečių žurnalistikos raidos istorija………………………………………..……..……10 1.2. Piliečių žurnalistikos principai ir jų kritika………………………………….…………14 1.3. Piliečių žurnalistikos formos……………………………………………….…………..17 1.4. Piliečių žurnalistikos transformacijų tyrimai..…………………………………………24 2. NAUJŲJŲ MEDIJŲ ĮTAKA PILIEČIŲ ŽURNALISTIKAI…………..…………….………..…28 2.1. Interaktyvių medijų vaidmuo piliečių žurnalistikos transformacijose…………………29 2.2. Alternatyvi žurnalistika.……………………………………………………….. ………36 3. PILIEČIŲ ŽURNALISTIKOS ATVEJŲ TYRIMAS.……………………………….…………..39 3.1. Tyrimo metodologija……………………………………………………..………….…39 3.2 Piliečių žurnalistikos portalo sirvis.lt atvejo analizė……………………………………40 3.3 Naujienų portalo delfi.lt “Piliečio” skilties atvejo analizė…………..……………..……43 3.4 Elektroninio žurnalo doxa.lt atvejo analizė…………………………..…………………46 3.5 Tyrimo apibendrinimas…………………………………………………………………49 IŠVADOS…………………………………………………………………………………………..53 LITERATŪROS IR ŠALTINIŲ SĄRAŠAS…………………………...…………………………..55 PRIEDŲ SĄRAŠAS………………………………………………………………………………..60 PRIEDAI…………………………………………………………………………………..………..61 .2 SANTRAUKA Pilie*i% +urnalistika skaitmenizacijos ir nauj%j% medij% am+iuje i&gyvena savo populiaru- mo pik/. Veikiama spar*ios technologij% pa+angos, pilie*i% +urnalistika spar*iai +engia 0 priek0 ir tobul$ja. #iandien tokio tipo +iniasklaidos manifestacijas vie&ojoje erdv$je matome kone kasdien - tiek populiariuose pilie*i% tinklara&*iuose, tiek interneto komentaruose ar skunduose, tiek socialini- uose tinkluose ar tradicini% naujien% portal% pilie*i% +iniasklaidos skiltyse. Regis, pilie*i% +urnalistu &iandien gali tapti kiekvienas, turintis k/ pasakyti ir noro tai daryti. Interaktyviosios medijos 0galina interneto vartotojus lengvai 0sitraukti 0 vie&/j/ komunikacij/, netgi papildyti profesionali% +urnalist% kuriam/ naujien% turin0. #iame baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrin$jama mokslin$ problema - kaip nauj%j% medij% aplinkoje 0gyvendinami pilie*i% +urnalistikos projektai? Darbo objektas - pilie*i% +urnalistikos formos nauj%j% medij% aplinkoje. Darbo tikslas - aptarti pilie*i% +urnalistikos rai&k/ nauj%j% medij% am+iuje. Kokybiniam tyrimui atlikti naudoti tyrimo metodai buvo mokslin$s literat'ros &altini% analiz$, interneto svetaini% turinio analiz$, individual's strukt'ruoti interviu su skirtingas pilie*i% +iniasklaidos formas reprezentuojan*i% svetaini% atstovais ir lyginamoji gaut% rezultat% analiz$. Darbe nagrin$ti trys skirtingi pilie*i% +urnalistikos atvejai: bendruomen1 pagal gyvenam/j/ viet/ vienijantis naujien% portalas sirvis.lt, tradicinio naujien% portalo delfi.lt pilie*i% +urnalistikos skiltis ir elektroninis +urnalas doxa.lt, vienijantis akademin1 bendruomen1. Palyginus respondent% atsakymus bei nuomones, paai&k$jo, jog pilie*iai imasi kurti alternatyvias +iniasklaidos formas jeigu j% netenkina esama +iniasklaidos situacija ir patys nedvejodami dalyvauja naujien% sklaidos procese, o skaitmenizacija, naujosios medijos ir vie&osios erdv$s prieinamumas yra tiesiogiai susij1s su i&augusiu pilie*i% +iniasklaidos rei&kinio populiarumu. D$l nauj%j% medij% suteikiam% galimybi% kiekvienam norin*iam pilie*iui tapti +urnalistu &iandien yra paprasta kaip niekada. Stipriausia m$g$j% +iniasklaidos puse respondentai laiko nepriklausomyb1, o silpnosiomis - objektyvumo ir profesini% 0g'd+i% stok/. Atlikus tyrim/ paai&k$jo, jog pilie*i% +urnalistika yra sud$tingas ir daug rai&kos b'd% api- mantis rei&kinys, kuriam galima priskirti ne tik pilie*i% redaguojamus naujien% portalus, bet ir in- terneto komentarus, tinklara&*ius ir id$j% sklaid/ socialiniuose tinkluose. Kadangi &is fenomenas daugiausia rei&kiasi interneto tinkle, pilie*i% +iniasklaidos raida neatsiejama nuo skaitmenizacijos proceso ir technologij% pa+angos. .3 Markuckyt$, J. (2016) Expression Forms of Citizen Journalism in the Age of New Media. Master thesis in Journalism and Media Analysis studies. Study Programme 621P50002. Su- pervisor Prof. dr. Kristina Jurait$. Kaunas: Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Vytautas Magnus University, 85 p. SUMMARY Citizen journalism is experiencing a peak of its popularity in the age of digitization and new media. Influenced by rapid technological advances, citizen journalism is rapidly moving for- ward and progressing. Today we can this type of media manifestations almost every day in the pub- lic space - in popular citizen blogs, Internet comments or complaints as well as social networks or citizen media columns of traditional news portals. It seems that today anyone with something to say and a desire to do so can become a citizen journalist. Interactive media allows Internet users to easi- ly engage in public communication, even to add-up to news content created by professional journal- ists. This master thesis examines the scientific problem how citizen journalism projects are car- ried out in the new media environment. The object of this thesis is the forms of citizen journalism in the new media environment. The aim of this thesis is to discuss expression form of citizen journalism in the age of new media. To carry out the qualitative research, the following methods were used: scientific literature analysis, web content analysis, individual structured interviews with representatives of different cit- izen media sites and comparative analysis of the results. Three different cases of citizen media are examined in this paper: community news portal sirvis.lt, citizen journalism section of traditional news portal delfi.lt and electronic magazine doxa.lt uniting academic community. After comparing informants’ responses and opinions, it turned out that citizens take it to their own hand to develop alternative forms of media if they are not satisfied with the current situation with the media. They do not hesitate to participate in news dissemination process themselves while digitization, new media and public space availability are directly related to the high popularity of phenomenon of citizen media. The new media grants opportunities to every citizen to become a journalist. Today it is as easy as ever. The respondents consider indepen- dence the best quality of citizen journalism but think that lack of objectivity and professional skills is its downfall. .4 The investigation revealed that citizen journalism is a complex phenomenon that includes a lot of ways of expression which can be attributed not only to the news portals edited by citizens, but also Internet comments, blogs and sharing ideas on social networks. Since this phenomenon mani- fests itself mainly on the Web, citizen media evolution is inseparable from the digitization process and technology. .5 ĮVADAS Temos aktualumas. #io baigiamojo magistro darbo tema - pilie*i% +urnalistikos rai&ka nauj%j% medij% am+iuje. Galima teigti, jog pilie*i% +urnalistika dabar i&gyvena aukso am+i%. Nors tokia +urnalistikos r'&is prad$jo gyvuoti kartu su spaudos istorijos prad+ia, 0 akademin0 diskurs/ ji 0$jo palyginti neseniai - vos devintame pra$jusio am+iaus de&imtmetyje. Technologij% pa+angos padedama pilie*i% +urnalistika spar*iai tobul$ja, &iandien n$ vienas save gerbiantis naujien% porta- las neapsieina be pilie*i% +urnalistikos skilties, o socialiniuose tinkluose savo 0+valgas aktualiais n'dienos klausimais skelbti gali kiekvienas jau*iantis, jog turi k/ pasakyti. Interaktyviosios medijos 0galina interneto vartotojus be kli'*i% 0sitraukti 0 vie&/j/ komunikacij/, papildyti profesional% pateikt/ naujien% turin0. Regis, nauj%j% medij% am+iuje riba tarp profesionalo ir pilie*io +urnalisto labai plona, visi panor$j1 gali b'ti +urnalistais, ta*iau pilie*iams prieinama galimyb$ laisvai reik&ti savo mintis vie&ojoje erdv$je dar negarantuoja skaitytojams objektyviai ir eti&kai pateikto +urnalis- tinio turinio, o svarbiausia - tikros, teisingos informacijos ir nei&kraipyt% fakt%. B'tent d$l to pilie*i% +urnalistikos tema ir aktuali komunikacijos tyrim% kontekste. Darbe kalbama apie nauj%j% medij% darom/ 0tak/ pilie*i% +urnalistikai ir atsakomyb1 prie& skaitytojus, ateinan*i/ kartu su gal- imybe kiekvienam norin*iam reik&ti savo mintis vie&ai. Darbo naujumas. Pilie*i% +iniasklaidos tema yra ra&1 Lietuvos ir u+sienio autoriai, taip pat apginti keli magistro darbai did+iuosiuose &alies universitetuose, ta*iau pilie*i% +urnalistikos rai&ka nauj%j% medij% aplinkoje nagrin$ta ma+ai, mat tai - nuolat kintantis ir evoliucionuojantis procesas. Ra&ant &0 darb/ remtasi Lietuvos komunikacijos tyrin$toj% Auks$s Bal*ytien$s, Rasos Balo*kait$s, Laimos Nevinskait$s, !yginto Pe*iulio straipsniais ir 0+valgomis. I&skiriant pilie*i% +iniasklaidos formas, pagrindiniai informacijos &altiniai buvo J. D. Lasicos straipsnis „What is Par- ticipatory Journalism?” ir Steve’o Outingo publikacija „The 11 Layers of Citizen Journalism”. Taip pat remtasi Jurgeno Habermaso knyga „The Structural Transformation
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