Disease Vs Overweight and Obesity 25

April 30, 2018 Archives • 2018 • vol.1 • 86-97 PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG URBAN SCHOOL CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN KHULNA, BANGLADESH Sajon, S.R.1; Aziz, M.A.1 *; Sana, S.1; Rana, S.1; Atikullah, M.1; Akter, M.I.2; Tajmim, A1; Yasmen, N1 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh. 2Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka-1217, Bangladesh. [email protected] Abstract According to WHO, when a child or adolescent possesses a body mass index of 25-29.9 kg/m2, then, he or she is referred to as overweight. Besides, when a child or adolescent has a body mass equal to or greater than 30 kg/m2, then, he or she is referred to as obese. Nowadays, childhood obesity is a global talk and gaining more concern day by day. The aims of this study were to explore the present frequency of overweight and corpulence of children and adolescents living in Khulna, Bangladesh and to identify the lifestyle behaviors associated with an increased risk of obesity in children and adolescents. This study was conducted in Khulna city, which is one of the divisional city in Bangladesh. The study was conducted using a self-designed standard structured questionnaire taking after WHO guidelines from June, 2016- December, 2016. 300 randomly chosen children from different parts of the city wer considered as test sample. Among these 300 children, 124 were in overweight and obese category. Moreover, among the 124 overweight and obese study population, 72 were male and 52 were female. Our study revealed that obesity decreased as age increased. Children and adolescents were more overweight and obese in 9-10 hours sleeping category (**P<0.05 vs 7-8 h/day). Children and adolescents who travelled to school with different rides were in more obese category (**P<0.05 vs walk). Children who spent time watching TV more than 5 hours were in the overweight and obese category (**P<0.05 vs 1-2 h/day). Furthermore, our study revealed that excessive fast food consumption and less vegetable intake are associated with overweight and obesity. To conclude, we have to raise awareness and take necessary steps to ameliorate this problem so that the children and adolescents can lead a healthy and sound life in future. Keywords: Obesity; Children and adolescents; Urban school; Risk factors; Khulna. http://pharmacologyonline.silae.it ISSN: 1820-8620 PhOL Sajon, et al. 87 (pag 86-97) Introduction Childhood overweight and obesity is a particular public health concern for Bangladesh because Nowadays obesity in children and adolescents is children who are overweight or obese have higher widely considered a world crisis, not only due to its risk of becoming overweight or obese adults [8,9] harmful physiological effects, but also for its and overweight adults are at increased risk for negative impact on quality and risk factors mortality and morbidity with obesity-associated associated with life [1]. Presently, the larger part of chronic diseases, which are already a burden to the research has focused on child obesity in the struggling well-being framework in Bangladesh developed world. However, child obesity is also a [10,11]. A study from Bangladesh in Dhaka city serious concern in developing countries. Childhood reported that, the predominance of corpulence obesity is one of the major public health problems was impressively prevalent among the boys globally. In 2011-2014, for children and adolescents (56.8%) than the girls (43.2%) [12]. aged 2-19 years, a study found that the prevalence Therefore the aims of this study were (1) to of obesity has remained fairly stable at about 17% investigate the current prevalence of overweight and affects about 12.7 million children and and obesity in children and adolescents living in adolescents. The study also revealed that one of the biggest city Khulna, Bangladesh and (2) prevalence of obesity was 8.9% among 2- to 5-year- to identify the lifestyle behaviors associated with olds compared with 17.5% of 6- to 11-year-olds and an increased risk of obesity in children and 20.5% of 12- to 19-year-olds [2]. Though the adolescents. This survey also unveils other factors prevalence of obesity among children aged 2 to 5 such as economical status, sedentary life style, years decreased significantly from 13.9% in 2003- gender and diseases associated with this obese 2004 to 9.4% in 2013-2014 [3]. During 2000–2010, children. the overall prevalence of obesity among young Materials and Methods low-income children in WIC increased significantly, from 14.0% in 2000 to 15.5% in 2004 and to 15.9% in Setting and design 2010; during 2010–2014, the overall prevalence The research was conducted in Khulna city, decreased significantly to 14.5% [4]. Bangladesh. Khulna is the third-largest city of According to a new study, more than 30 percent Bangladesh. It is the administrative seat of Khulna people died world widely from being obese in 2015 District and Khulna Division. As of the 2011 census, than in 1990. About 25 years ago, 50 deaths out of the city has a population of 663,342. The city is every 10 million were related to being overweight, located on the bank of Rupsha River. It is an whereas, in 2015, the number is now 54 out of important hub of Bangladeshi industry and hosts every 10 million. Another study showed that many national companies [13]. In this survey data obesity caused four million deaths in 2015 alone, were taken from- Khulna Public College; Model most of these due to cardiovascular disease (This School and College; National Kindergarten School; represents 7.1 percent of the deaths from any Khulna Zilla School; Rottary School, Khalishpur, cause) [5]. Khulna. The guardians and students were In Bangladesh, nearly 40% of children below the questioned using pre-determined questionnaire age of 5 years are suffering from lack of healthy with the permission of school administration. The sustenance [6]. However, multiple factors such as statistic was done by their answers. rapid urbanization, continually decreasing number of playgrounds, increasing purchasing power, and Data collection easy access to new mechanical gadgets such as cell This cross-sectional health survey was carried out phones, probably have led to less physical activity with a self-designed standard questionnaire by and more attraction to sedentary activity, and directly interviewing the guardians and students. thereby have attributed to an emerging About 11 Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons.) students of overweight and obesity problem among young Jessore University of Science and Technology, children in urban settings, especially among Bangladesh were assigned by the chief investigator affluent families in Dhaka [7]. The nation is Md. Abdullah Aziz, Lecturer, Department of presently encountering the two fold burden of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and malnutrition, with the existence of both under Technology, Bangladesh. No financial or material nutrition and over nutrition in urban cities. incentive was offered to participants. http://pharmacologyonline.silae.it ISSN: 1824-8620 PhOL Sajon, et al. 88 (pag 86-97) A structured questionnaire was designed by the 300 children from different schools of Khulna city. chief investigator for the study. The questionnaire Among this 300 children, 70 was underweight contained some basic variables: age, class, weight, (23.33%), 106 was in normal weight range (35.33%), height, parents occupation, monthly family 75 was in overweight range (25.00%) and the rest income, transportation medium, physical activity 49 was in obese category which 16.34% of the total or sports involvement time, fast food sample children. We also observed that (mean ± consumption, fruits and vegetables consumption, standard) error BMI of underweight, normal time of watching television, diseases suffered by weight, overweight and obese children and the participants etc. The questionnaires were adolescents are (15.74±.24) kg/m2, (20.75±.24) supplied to the participants with proper kg/m2, (27.86±.15)kg/m2 and (36.74±1.54) kg/m2 instruction. The questionnaire took about 10 accordingly. And if we notice we can see that the minutes to complete and contained mainly close mean difference between normal weight category ended questions. and other BMI category is significant (*P<0.05 vs The data collectors went to the schools and normal weight). Which means there is a greater interviewed the children or their guardians with propensity of overweight and obesity compared to their teacher’s consent between the months of normal weight. These data are tabulated in table 1. June, 2016 to December, 2016. The patients who In table-2, demographic characteristics of these were suffering with psychiatric diseases and who 300 study population are mentioned. We can see were admitted into hospitals were excluded from that among these 300 children and adolescents 132 the study. Few questionnaires were excluded are in the range of 7-10 years (44%), 151 are in 11-14 during the data analysis because of inadequate years (50.3%) and another 17 (5.7%) are between information. ages 15-18 years. Among these 300 children and Ethical considerations adolescents 169 are male ( 56.3%) and 131 are The study was conducted following the general female ( 43.7%). 171 children study in between class principles (section 12) of WMA declaration of 1-4, 113 children study in between class 5-8 and 16 Helsinki [14]. This survey based research is also children and adolescents study in between class 9- logistically supported by the Department of 12. Of these 300, 104 children and adolescent’s Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science & fathers are service holder, 124 children and Technology, Bangladesh.

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