12(3)-July-Sept 2015 (Single)

ENVIS Centre Manipur Newsletter | Vol. 12 [3] | July-September 2015 | ISSN 0974-0325 ENVIS CENTRE MANIPUR DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENT, GOVT. OF MANIPUR Newsletter

Editorial Board

Chief Patron P. C. Lawmkunga, IAS Chief Secretary Govt. of Manipur

Patron Dr. M. Homeshwor Singh Director

Editor-in-Chief Dr. Y. Nabachandra Singh Joint Director

Editor Dr. T. Brajakumar Singh Research Officer

Associate Editors Ph. Vivekananda Sharma Data Analyst Th. Bhogen Singh Junior Scientific Officer

Contributors ENVIS Centre, Manipur Team & Environment Monitoring, R&D Lab, DoE, Manipur

Published by ENVIS Centre, Manipur Directorate of Environment Government of Manipur Porompat, Imphal - 05 http://www.manenvis.nic.in

Sponsored by Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India White throated bulbul http:\\www.envis.nic.in

RESEARCH ABSTRACT A matrix population model for Portulaca oleracea linn. LEAD STORY, 2-3p - Asha Gupta Restoring a dead Lake, TIME SERIES ENVIRONMENT DATA Yaralpat ! - Water Quality of Major Lakes & Rivers. - Sunzu - Weather Report of Manipur. Bachastimayum ENVIS CENTRE, MANIPUR-NEWSLETTER Vol.12 (3) July-Sept 2015 LEAD STORY

Yaralpat -Wetland of Manipur - By Ph. Santosh

Restoring a dead Lake, Yaralpat! - By Sunzu bachaspatimayum

Yaralpat is one of the many erstwhile lakes of Manipur whose charm reminds only in At a time when the State which always has the history books and folk songs. a sublime climate throughout the year is Although people who gradually took Surprisingly, the dead lake is seemingly fast feeling the heat of climate change and possession of portions of the lake coming alive. water scarcity is becoming a common area experimented with agriculture phenomenon, Kombirei Environmental for years, the yields were never Once upon a time the State's entire valley Development Organization, KEDO, is encouraging. Nevertheless, some area was one big lake. Gradually, the water setting a trend in community efforts in continued working the fields, while receded, leaving behind a magnificent livelihood generation and ecological other sold them off to buyers who system of wetland. No wonder then that the restoration. were willing to wait for the area to small hilly statehas Loktak, a lake which become development. During this isclassified as a Ramsar site of international Located 8 kms from the capital city Imphal, period most of the erstwhile lake significance. Unfortunately, the State is fast Yaralpat was 0.40 sq.km erstwhile lake area remained dried and unused. losing its valuable wetlands. Even the which was once famous for its flora and This was over 70 hectares of land attractive Loktak lake is dying with the fauna. Amongst its floral varieties, lying barren. government make a last ditch effort, Kombirei is a purple colored lily that had spending over Rs 300 crores in dredging and completely vanished from the area. clearing bio masses of the lake.

2 |ENVIS Centre, Manipur | Newsletter | Vol .12 (3) |July-September 2015 July-Sept 2015 ENVIS CENTRE, MANIPUR-NEWSLETTER Vol.12 (3) LEAD STORY

Loktak Lake - By Ph. Santosh

In 2010, 11 farmers came together and Realizing the yeoman service, Manipur's stress his organization's focus on resolved to restore the wetland and Forest and Environment Department and restoring the flora and fauna of the rejuvenate the bio-diversity of Yaralpat. They also the Agriculture Directorate are area which will in turn transform the named themselves, Kombirei Environmental encouraging KEDO through technical inputs area into a popular tourist spot. “For Development Organization, KEDO and and guidance and aiding them in reclaiming the last years, we've seen a variety of contributed Rs 50,000/- each and began works of the lake. Plans are also afoot to migratory birds coming here. We're reclaiming the lake by digging 11 hectares, develop the area into a tourist spot where also trying to replant the once popular jointly owned by them. Although the project boating and bird watching activities can be Kombirei lilly that was synonymous area was dried land, the moist lake soil made done. with Yaralpat. At present we're making for diggingdifficult. Even heavy duty earth Kombirei nursery for wide planting in movers could not be used because of the 'Besides, environmental development of our project area.” moist. After three years of digging during dry the Yaralpat area, we are also trying to seasons, KEDO efforts bearing fruits. introduce integrated community farming. KEDO's example is good news for the Now that our project area has become a tiny State which is poised at a crucial Now in the middle of the once barren area, perennial water source, it can irritate crossroad between increasing human around 11 hectares have become perennial neighbouring paddy fields. We are population and fast receding water body where pisciculture is striving. proposing to introduce rabi crops in these biodiversity particularly, the wetlands Because of the water body, migratory birds fields',said KEDO's Secretary, Y.Binod that is considered as lungs of the eco and other local species are making it their Kumar. system. destination, gradually bringing the semblance of the erstwhile Yaralpat. KEDO's President, N. Raghumani Singh

TIMEWater SERIES Quality ENVIRONMENT of Major Lakes DATA of Manipur during July-Sept 2015

Sl. Sites/Lake Parameters No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 pH 7.13 7.32 7.88 7.16 7.28 7.39 7.16 7.24 2 B.O.D. (mg/l) 4.88 7.42 4.37 5.90 4.58 5.19 5.19 6.10 3 C.O.D. (mg/l) 8.03 9.41 6.58 9.46 7.12 7.13 8.46 9.45 4 Nitrogen (mg/l) 1.42 1.46 1.38 1.52 1.37 1.21 1.34 1.54 5 Phosphorus (mg/l) 0.84 1.15 0.96 1.23 1.08 0.72 1.24 1.28 6 Potassium (mg/l) 5.33 6.00 6.67 6.00 8.00 5.33 8.33 6.33 7 Total Coliform / 100ml 264.23 351.63 284.23 281.23 348.64 284.35 305.23 297.64 8 Faecal Coliform 136.12 164.52 146.23 131.52 182.72 138.42 173.82 164.28 Sites:- 1. Aongbikhong 2. Heingang Pat 3. Ikop 4. Kharungpat 5. Loktak 6. Waithou 7. Pumlen 8. Sanapat Source: Directorate of Environment, Govt. of Manipur

Water Quality of Major Rivers of Manipur during July-Sept 2015

Sl. Sites/River No. Parameters Imphal River Nambul River Iril River 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 pH 7.63 7.82 7.83 7.56 7.26 7.34 7.83 7.64 2 B.O.D. (mg/l) 3.05 3.97 3.97 2.44 7.31 5.48 3.66 5.19 3 C.O.D. (mg/l) 4.23 5.93 6.34 4.26 13.68 9.56 2.89 7.46 4 Nitrogen (mg/l) 0.38 0.78 0.83 0.43 2.10 1.08 0.45 0.54 5 Phosphorus (mg/l) 0.21 0.46 0.59 0.37 1.28 0.97 0.28 0.52 6 Potassium (mg/l) 2.00 5.00 6.00 3.00 26.00 12.00 5.00 7.00 7 Total Coliform / 100ml 230 410 480 310 1400 800 450 670 8 Faecal Coliform 150 220 250 210 640 520 180 270 Sites:- 1. Koirengei 2. Minuthong 3. Singjamei 4. Iroisemba 5. Hump Bridge 6. Hiyangthang 7. Sawombung 8. Lilong Source: Directorate of Environment, Govt. of Manipur

Weather Report of Manipur during July-Sept 2015

Relative Humidity Temperature in (°C) (%) Wind Total Districts Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Speed Rainfall (mtrs/sec) (mm)

Senapati 33.48 14.26 100 39.55 1.62 965.8 Tamenglong 39.59 15.84 100 44.04 2.06 2480.4 Churachandpur 32.86 17.71 100 45.08 1.97 934.6 Ukhrul 29.74 14.24 100 45.85 3.04 275.4 Imphal East 37.84 18.75 100 42 0.96 672 Imphal West 34.7 18.72 95.4 45.61 1.64 88.4 Chandel 36.22 16.98 100 51.28 3.46 2218.4 Thoubal 35.08 18.22 100 26.9 2.54 17.6 Bishnupur 33.34 19.34 98.41 48.55 1.12 19.2 Source: Directorate of Environment, Govt. of Manipur

1. Senapati District : Headquarter 6. Imphal East District : Porompat and Yaral Pat 2. Tamenglong District : Noney 7. Imphal West District : Kangla 3. Churachandpur District : Renkai village 8. Bishnupur District : Headquarter. 4. Ukhrul District : Shirui village 9. Thoubal District : Kakching 5. Chandel District : Moreh

4 |ENVIS Centre, Manipur | Newsletter | Vol .12 (3) |July-September 2015 July-Sept 2015 ENVIS CENTRE, MANIPUR-NEWSLETTER Vol.12 (3) BIODIVERSITY OF MANIPUR

White throated bulbul Alophoixusflaveolus (Gould, 1836) Local name: Khoiningkhou-daang Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae

Description: Length c. 23 cm. Olive-green above with rufous-brown wings and tail. Lemon-yellow below with white chin and throat. Sexes alike.

Habitat: Affects shrubby undergrowth in heavy forest, and secondary jungle.

Distribution: Churachandpur, Jiribam, Senapati and Tamenglong.

White throated bulbul

Emerald Dove Chalcophapsindica (Linnaeus, 1758) Local name: Lamkhunungan-daa Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae

Description: Length c. 27 cm. Green above and black- and-white banding on the back. Crown and neck grey, with prominent white forehead and eyebrows. Sexes more or less alike.

Habitat: Affects moist tropical and subtropical broad leaved forest.

Distribution: Churachandpur, Jiribam and Tamenglong

Emerald Dove Green imperial pigeon Duculaaenea (Linnaeus, 1766) Local name: Chingkhunurel Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae

Description: Length c. 43 cm. Large arboreal fruit pigion, metallic green above and tail, and chestnut-maroon under tail-coverts. Sexes alike.

Habitat: Affects evergreen and moist deciduos forest.

Distribution: Churachandpur, Jiribam and Tamenglong.

Green imperial pigion

Photograph by Shri Khoyumthem Brajeshkumar Species identified by Kuman Jugeshor ([email protected]), Soibam Leikai, Imphal East, [email protected] a freelance photographer and film maker.

ENVIS Centre, Manipur | Newsletter |Vol .12 (3) |July-September| 5 ENVIS CENTRE, MANIPUR-NEWSLETTER Vol.12 (3) July-Sept 2015 IN FOCUS:

Interactive session on Climate Change and related issue in Manipur.

Climate change and other approach with the changing that the king of Manipur at one environmental issues in Manipur climate. point of time keep a record of trees were thoroughly discussed at an by marking on its bark when the interactive session organized by Many environment scholars trees attend a size and thus the Manipur Nature Society at the shared their opinion during the M a n i p u r i p e o p l e a r e conference Hall of Babina interactive session. e nv i r o n m e n t a l l y c o n s c i o u s Diagnostics Society, Soibam people. We need to follow the Leikai. Conserving water was also the trend he continued. main highlight of the interactive Dr T Brajakumar, Research Officer, session. Protecting Forest from Dr. Brajakumar also expressed Department of Environment, wild fire as a means of conserving that Manipur Government has Government of Manipur delivered forest and other issues like come up with an action plan to on Climate Change and Related copping up with the menace of combat climate change and he Issues. chopping down kilometers of also delivered that the public has a forest area for poppy cultivation great role to play. Besides he also Issues on dwindling wetland, was also brought up by the urge on the need of many capacity decrease in forest area via participating delegates. building measures. increase in population, climate change in the last 80 years, Ningthem Pukhri was dug by war The interactive session was changing pattern of rainfall, and captives of Burma taking three organized with earnest efforts many other topics with statistical months time and we need to dig from Salam Rajesh of Manipur datas were presented by Dr 200 such ponds with the modern Nature Society. Brajakumar. He also focus on technology to conserve water says adaptation and mitigation one of the delegate. He continued

6 |ENVIS Centre, Manipur | Newsletter | Vol .12 (3) |July-September 2015 July-Sept 2015 ENVIS CENTRE, MANIPUR-NEWSLETTER Vol.12 (3) ENVIRONMENT EVENTS

2015 Theme: 30 Years of The phaseout of controlled uses Healing the Ozone Together of ozone depleting substances 2015 Theme: "Post 2015 - and the related reductions have A g e n d a : E n s u r i n g "Ozone: All there is between not only helped protect the indigenous peoples' health you and UV.” ozone layer for this and future and well-being” generations, but have also contributed significantly to Every year, 9 August is global efforts to address climate c o m m e m o r a t e d a s t h e change; furthermore, it has International Day of the World’s protected human health and Indigenous Peoples. The day is ecosystems by limiting the celebrated with special events harmful ultraviolet radiation around the world, including at from reaching the earth. United Nations Headquarters in This year marks the 30th New York. anniversary of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of This year's theme puts a the Ozone Layer, an important spotlight on the issue of milestone in the protection of indigenous peoples' access to the ozone layer. The theme for health care services, as t h e c e l e b r a t i o n o f t h e improving indigenous peoples’ anniversary and this year's health remains a critical International Day for the challenge for indigenous Preservation of the Ozone Layer peoples, Member States and the to be marked on 16 September United Nations. The “State of the is, “30 years of healing the ozone World’s Indigenous Peoples, together.” The theme is Volume II”, which will be supported by the slogan, l a u n c h e d a t t h e U N “Ozone: All there is between you H e a d q u a r t e r s e v e n t i n and UV.” In 1994, the UN General observance of the International Assembly proclaimed 16 September the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, commemorating the date of the signing, in 1987, of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. States were invited to devote the Day to promote activities in accordance with the objectives of the Protocol and its amendments. The ozone layer, a fragile shield of gas, protects the Earth from the harmful portion of the rays of the sun, thus helping preserve life on the planet.

ENVIS Centre, Manipur | Newsletter | Vol .12 (3) |July-September| 7 ENVIS CENTRE, MANIPUR-NEWSLETTER Vol.12 (3) July-Sept 2015

RESEARCH ABSTRACT

A matrix population model for Portulaca oleracea linn.

Asha Gupta Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Manipur, INDIA

ABSTRACT: Age structure and dynamics of a herbaceous species Portulaca oleracea L. was studied in permanent plot with natural populations over a period of two years. Future population structure were projected by Leslie matrix model based on 4 stage classes viz., seedling, juvenile, young and mature. Seedling emergence was regressed on soil parameters. Based on the survival matrices critical stage in the life of species was estimated.

KEYWORDS: Age structure, Matrix model, Population, Portulaca oleracea, Seedling emergence.

Full paper will be available at www.manenvis.nic

ENVIRONMENT NEWS (in abstract)

Underground inferno creates sink-holes in Old Wahong forest Ukhrul, July 01 2015 : A mysterious underground fire has created numerous sink-holes that emit smoke and gas in a nearby forest of Old Wahong Village in Northern Ukhrul. Local residents said the blaze continued unabated and steadily subsided by Wednesday.

Source: Hueiyen News Service

Tree plantation drive at Andro Imphal, August 22 2015 : Members of Youth Congress, Andro Block, cadets of NCC Higher Wing, Imphal headquarters, CO of 40 AR Deepak Dayal, Maj B Singh, secretary of People's Welfare Society, Yairipok, Keisham Ningthemjao and member of Changamdabi GP Imran launched a tree plantation drive in Andro Machengpat area.

Source: The Sangai Express

Meet on climate change kick-started Imphal, September 22 2015: A two-day international meet on climate change was opened today at Lamyanba Shanglen, Palace Compound. The programme is being jointly organised by the Department of Social Work, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Regional Campus, Manipur in collaboration with the United NGOs Mission, Manipur, Centre for Research and Advocacy, Manipur and Biodiversity, Ecology & Environment Network, Manipur. Source: The Sangai Express

Note: Full news are available at http://www.manenvis.nic.in

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ENVIS Centre,Manipur Directorate of Environment Govt. of Manipur Porompat,Imphal-05