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\\ ll3l ll \lll\ 0231ll \\l~~~~~~ 00185~ill~ i~~il l l~[ll t~l1687l\ l\\l\\\\ll \\ ll \ ~· ':liJOUVENIR OF THE PILGRIMAGE m~1 ~ OF CONNECTICUT'S THIRD W W"WAR GOVERNOR" TO THE ITJ mHOMES OF THE FIRST AND ~. 1:Jn SECOND "WAR GOVERNORS" AND OTHER SCENES OF HISTORIC INTEREST, IN COMMEMORATION OF AID TO THE CAUSE OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE BY FRANCE, WHOSE GALLANT TROOPS CAMPED ON FI_ELDS OF LEBANON, AT A ,TIME WHEN THE AMERICAN TROOPS WITH LEBANON'S SONS ARE CAMPED ON THE SOIL OF FRANCE IN THE GREAT WAR TO MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER EIGHT NINETEEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN FOLLOWING 161 ST ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF GENERAL LA FAYETTE

AUSPICES OF THE CONNECTICUT STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENCE AND v LEBANON WAR BUREAU St TRUMBULL DWELLING AND COUNTRY STORE IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD 1'be Store Ill later yeara bas become known u the --war Office"

...... " ~ Order of the Exercises

At the Trumbull Tomb 11.00 A M. Music and Address ERNEST E. ROGERS Ex-Mayor of New London At the "War Office" 11.45 A M. Music and Address AUBREY L. MADDOCK Secretary Connecticut State Council of Defence, Hartford At "Buckingham Place" 12.30 P. M. Pilgrimage and Address Speaker to be Announced

1.00 P. M. Basket Lunch and Visit to the Barracks Field

On the Common opposite Trumbull House 1.45 P. M. Music by the Band 2.00 P. M. Invocation and Address of Welcome REV. HOLLIS A CAMPBELL Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Lebanon, Conn. Liberty Chorus On the French Army Camp Ground 2.15 P. M. Address GOV. MARCUS H. HOLCOMB President of the Mayors' Association 3.00 P. M. Raising of Flags with Music and Address REV. G. B. CABANEL Chaplain in Chief of the famous French (" Blue Devils" ) Regiment 3.30 P. M. Music and Address CHARLES D. LOCKWOOD of Stamford 4.00 P. M. Music FOLLOWING THE FLAG LEBANON HONOR ROLL ...

ALLAN W. HOXIE JOHN GINTIE

WILTON H . HOXIE GEORGE E. HEWITT

CHAUNCEY J . WILLIAMS WALLACE N . SWEET. M . D .

EUCLID C. THAYER ARCHIE R . CURRY

JOSEPH POKORNY STANTON L. BRIGGS

KENNETH I. ADAMS CLIFTON W . SWEET

LOUIS R. ABEL CLARENCE H . THOMAS

ROYCE F. McCALL CALVIN H. McCALL

WILLARD A . MADLEY EDWIN L . ROBINSON

CARLTON A . CUMMINGS ARTHUR BELLEVANCE

EDMOND J . PECKK AM ARTHUR J. RANDALL

JOSEPH A. THOMAS LOWEL R . STARK

JOHN EARL JAMES LOUIS BERSTEIN

CHARLES G. PILLAR CHARLES BERBTEIN

E. JOHN THOMAS HARRY WAY

LEO G. CUMMINGS ROWLAND A . KENYON, C . G .

BENJAMIN A . C L ARK, Y . M . C . A , JONATHAN TRUMBULL WJI,LIAM A. BUCKINGHAM First "War Governor" Second ''War Governor'' WAR FOR AHERICAN INDEPENDENCE WAR FOR PRESERVATION OF THE UNION

MARCUS H. HOLCOMB Third ''War Governor'' WAR TO MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY THE LEBANON "WAR OFFICE "-MEMORIAL LIBRARY

THE TRUMBULL HOUSE-HOME OF THE FIRST "WAR GOVERNOR " CLOSE UP OF OLD COLONIAL DOORWAY OF TRUMBULL HOUSE

THI:: TRUMBULL TOMB IN THE OLD CE~1ETERY OF REVOLUTIONARY DAYS THE WELLES PLACE- BIRTHPLACE OF WILLIAM WILLIAMS

THE HOME OF WILLIAM WILLIAMS LEBANON Memorials of the Revolutionary Period and other Places of Interest

COMPILED BY JOE STEDMAN

Each place in the following list is indicated by number on the accompanying map, and may be quickly located near the intersection of immaginary lines connecting figures at top and bottom of map with similar lines connecting letters at sides of map. For example key number 1183 indicates Site 11 (the "Deserter's" Grave) at intersection of lines Band 3.

"WAR OFFICE"-The Cradle of Liberty of the Connecticut Colony 1D7 This old fashioned "hipped" roof building, presented in 1891 to the Connecti· cut Society, Sons of American Revolution, by the late Mrs. Bethiah Wattles and since repaired and newly covered for better preservation of the ancient framework and boarding, originally stood on the corner opposite the church, several rods south of its present site. In this office Governor Trumbull conduct­ ed his great commercial business, and through the war of the Revolution, the "Council of Safety," or War Council of the Colony, held most of its sessions here, and it became by forceofcircumstances,notonly the Military, but also the Naval Headquarters of all land and marine forces of the colony during the war. Gov. Trumbull was, by virtue of his office, commander-in-chief of all the land forces; and by special act of the General Assembly, in 1775, he was made com­ mander-in-chief of all naval forces. Here also, was one of the chief centers of communications between New England and the southern colonies, and especially between the northern and southern armies. The threshold of this humble build­ ing has thrilled to the tread of Washington; of LaFayette; of Count Rocham­ beau ; of the Marquis de Chastellux; of Baron de Montesquieu; of the Duke de Lauzun ; of Admiral Tiernay; of Generals Sullivan, Knox, Putnam, Parsons, Spencer ; of the fiery Samuel Adams; of John Jay; of Thomas Jefferson, and of Benjamin Franklin, whose recreant son William, the tory governor of New Jer· sey, was also here, but as a prisoner-and a host of other high worthies and patriots, bearing mess2ges of fate and destiny; and taking high council together, in "the days that tried men's souls." Some historians have placed it third in rank among the nation's revolutionary memorials, Faneuil Hall of Boston and and Independence Hall of Philadelphia being given the only precedence. "There it stands !- and there let it stand ! preserved with sacred care and dedi­ cated to patriotic purposes! forever set apart from all ignoble or common uses !- a consecr2.ted Memorial! l" TRUMBULL HOUSE-Home of the first "War Governor," Jonathan Trumbull 2D7 This ancient landmark but slightly remodeled from its early superstructure, the present residence of Misses Huu ti n~to n, Dolbeare and Hallen, was the home of that eminently great and good Jonathan Trumbull, the only loyal governor of 2 5 8 9 10 11 12

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MAP OF t LEBANON, CONN. H FOR EASY LOCATION OF HISTORIC SHRINES ANO PI..AC£5 OF J INTEREST THE STEDMAN PRESS WESTERLY. R. I.

5 6 10 11 12 3 the thirteen colonies; to whom General Washington gave distinguished confi­ dence, familliarly called" Brother Jonathan," and on whom he relied in the most trying emergencies. Within this house-which is a little removed from its an­ cient site-he entertained many of the most conspicuous characters of the Rev­ olution, among others those named in the preceding article, all of whom with perhaps a single exception, are beleived to have lodged within its walls. Within the same walls also, it is recorded, all of his distinguished children were born. ORIGINAL SITE of the Trumbull Dwelling and Country Store, now known as "War Office" 3E6 The residence and grounds of Mr. H. W. Sweet, on the corner opposite the First Church, marks the first location of these historic buildings as shown in the first illustration. The earliest date mentioned in connection with this store is 1727, but it doubtless ante dated this many years. The dwelling was erected about 1735. In 1824 both of these buildings were moved; the house to its present location, and the store or "War Office" to the lot nearby where the well now is. In 1844 the "War Office" was again moved to its present location. "REDWOOD "-Birthplace of two Governors -Headquarters of Officers of French Army 4E5 Many are the events of historic interest that center about this corner. About 1704, Captain Joseph Trumbull, came to town from Suffield, and bought this property which was previously the parsonage. Across the road he opened a store, which later became known as the "War Office." Here in 1710 was born Jonathan Trumbull and amid these surroundings he grew to manhood, succeed­ ing to his father's business and public life. In later years the house which at some period had been extenstvely remodeled, became the residence of David, the third son of Jonathan, and during the winter of 1780-81 the officers of the French Army encamped here were his guests and maintained their headquarters. In this house, in 1782, Joseph, son of David, was born. He became governor of the State, in 1849-50, the third of this illustrious family to fill the chief executive office. In 1840 the place passed from the Trumbull family to the Smiths, and now known as "Redwood," is the home of Mr. L. P. Smith, and summer resi­ dence of Mrs. Annie Smith Perry, of New London and V/ashington. OLD CEMETERY, containing Trumbull Tomb, Graves of Early Settlers, and Revolutionary Patriots 519 "Within this family mausoleum, rest the sacred ashes of more of the illustrious dead than any other in the State, or perhaps the country. Here rest the re­ mains of Jonathan Trumbull, Senior, to whom no more fitting tribute could be pronounced than these words of Washinton: 'A long and well-spent life in the service of his country, places Governor Trumbull among the first of Patriots;' of his good wife Faith Robinson; of his eldest son Joseph, the first commissary­ general of the army under Washington ;-of his second son, Jonathan, Jun., and by his side his good wife Eunice backus;-of his third son David, commissary of this Colony in the Revolution, and assistant commissary-general under his brother In the army of Washington ;- and by his side his wife Sarah Backus; of his second daughter Mary; and by her side her illustrious husband, William Williams, one of the signers of the immortal Declaration of lndependence;­ and others who have from these descended. What a Tomb Is here! What a Shrine for patriotic devotion! " "WILLIAMS HOUSE"-Home of the "Signer'' of the Declaration of Independance 6F6 This residence, now owned by Mr. Erwin W. Hewitt, was the home of the Hon. William Williams, husband of Mary Trumbull, second daughter of the war Gov­ "REDWOOD"-BIRTHPLACE OF TWO GOVERNORS

HOME OF GOVERNOR JONATHAN TRUMBULL, JUN. HOME OF COL. JAMES CLARK OF BUNKER HILL CELEBRITY

BUCKINGHAM PLACE ' ' -HOME OF THE SECOND "WAR GOVERNOR" LEBANON COMMONs-cAMP AND PARADE GROUNDS OF FRENCH ARMY

VILLAGE GREEN AND TOWN HALL- COMMONS IN FAR BACK GROUND THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH

Wllh Babcock M~moTial Tower Clock ernor, a rnember of the Continental Congress ln 1776-7, and again in 1783-4, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776, and sirvivor of the four signers from this state; a man of ardent spirit, self-sacrificing, and passionate in his devotion to his country. Within this house, as his guests, Gen. Washington and Marquis de LaFayette have lodged over night. "WELLES PLACE"-Birthplace ofWm. Williams -Once Lebanon's Finest Residence 7F6 This house, the home of Mr. C. L. Pitcher and Sons, is one of the oldest in town. Erected in 1712 by Rev. Samuel Welles, to please his wife, an English Jady of rank accustomed to the elegance of high society in her native land, and discontented with the simplicity and primitiveness of this little country settle­ ment of New England, it was, at that time, considered a specimen of art and magnificence in building. The original interior of one room has been pre­ served with its ancient pannelled walls with rich paintings, and on the front and north end the original clapboards with hand-wrought nails, are yet in an excellent state of preservation. It was undoubtely one of finest residences in the colonies. Ten years later it bacame the residence of Rev. Solomon Williams, D. D., and was the birthplace in 1731 of his son, William, signer of the Declar­ ation. It was occupied by him until his death in 1776, just previous to the opening of the war. HOME OF JONATHAN TRUMBULL, JUN.,­ Second Governor from Trumbull Family 8D9 Here was the residence of Jonathan, Jun., second son of the "War Governor," paymaster-general of the northern department of the National Army, private secretary and first aide-de-camp to Gen. Washington, and afterwards speaker of the United States House of Representatives, member of the United States Sen­ ate, and Governor of this State. The house is now the residence of Mr. E. A. Hewitt. "THE BARRACKS LOT"-Cantonment of the French Allies in America 9C6 Upon these fields the Duke deLauzun with his legion of five hundred mounted hussars,-a regiment of LaFayette's French Army in aid of the Colonies-were quartered and had their barracks from about December 1, 1780 to June 23, 1781. Count Rochambeau was at Lebanon in the same June with his five sparkling regiments of Bourbonnais on their march from Newport to join the American Army on the Hudson, and camped here three weeks. A gay June for Lebanon was that, when these six brilliant regiments, with martial bands and gorgeous banners were daily displayed on the spacious village common. LEBANON COMMON-Parade Ground of the French H uzzars 10D8 It is probable that in Revolutionary days these grounds were much more ex­ tensive. The lands were set apart by the original purchasers from the Indians for grazing of live stock, where surrounded by the habitations on either side would afford protection from ravages of less friendly Indians. "DESERTER'S" GRAVE-The unmarked sep­ ulcher of a Soldier of France 11B3 While the French officers were being "wined and dined" at headquarters and at the frequent social functions in their honor given by the wealthy families, there were times when the soldiers in camp were cold and hungry and it was not surprising that some of them should do a little foraging. There being no enemies and few tories in this vicinity the friendly farmers became the victims of frequent nocturnal visitation at the sheepfold, henhouse and woodpile. The stern, old Duke de Lauzun, hearing of these depredations from a disgruntled victim, and anticipating that a continuance might curtail some of these social affairs, issued orders prohibiting absence from camp between the hours of sunset and sunrise, with the penalty for desertion attached for violation. A huzzar found outside of camp after nightfall was brought into camp, tried for desertion, convicted, sentenced, executed the following morning, and buried where he fell. There is a beautiful tradition that this young soldier serving as a private, was a titled nobleman, and his absence from camp was to pay his addresses to one of the fair village maidens. The lonely grave is marked only by a little pile of stones. THE CAMP OVEN- Where " Wheat for the Allies" and perhaps substitutes were baked 12E7 A little mound on the village green is all that remains to identify the location of the bake oven of the French cantonment. Within memory of the present generation the removal of bricks from its ruined walls by souvenir hunters has reduced this once conspicuous mound nearly to the original level. BUCKINGHAM PLACE- Birthplace and home of the Second Great "War Governor" 13F5 This century-old residence occupies the site of still another landmark of early days which now stands nearby and was the life-long home of Deacon Samuel Buckingham, father of William A. Buckingham, born in 1804, and who in after years became governor during the War for the Preservation of the Union and worthy successor of the first "war governor." After the war he was United States Senator until his death in 1875. On account of conflict of dates of records, historians have disagreed which of these two houses, was the actual birth-house of the Governor, but it is now generally conceded that he was born within the new home. It has been for many years the residence of Hon. N. B. Williams, one of Lebanon's oldest citizens, and is also the home of Mr. S. W. Throop. OLD BUCKINGHAM HOUSE-Early home of the Buckingham Family 14F5 This place mentioned in the preceding note has long joined honors with the more modern structure upon its ancient site. Robbed of being the birth-house has not wholly eliminated its importance as one of the town's cherished memo­ rials of the eighteenth century. It is now the property of Mr. N. S. Loomis. THE BRICK MEETING HOUSE-Scenes of Revolutionary "Hooverizing" and distribu­ tion to the Allies 20E6 The First Congregational Church of Lebanon was organized in 1700, the year of the formal organization of the town. Meetings were held in a rude building or barn-like structure until six years later the first edifice located opposite the present one was completed. In 1732 the second building of brick construction was completed and dedicated. This was the church home of the Trumbull family and here in the Revolutionary days when food 5upplies were scarce in the American and French Army camps, the prosperous farmers came to worship bringing with them their surplus food products, or often such as they had saved by self-denial, for distribution among the French soldiers at the Barracks or to Washington's Army at Valley Forge and other camps. Here, on one of these occasions, Madam Faith Trumbull pledged her elegant scarlet robe, a gift of the French Army Officers, that the proceeds might help the needy soldiers. This building, which today would have been venerated were it still standing, was torn down and the present edifice erected in 1804. The beautiful spire and high arched recess are said to have been designed by John Trumbull, the cele­ brated artist-painter, whose four great historical masterpieces adorning the rot.mda of the National Capitol at Washington have won th e admiration of millions. This structure was again extensively remodeled in 1876, and in 1887 the clock was installed in the tower. This clock was the gift of the late Justin L. Babcock, and is a worthy memorial of a worthy and respected citizen. LEBANON'S OLDEST HOUSE-Home of a Hero of Bunker Hill 15El This house said to have been built in 1708 is believed to be the oldest house in town. It was for years the residence of Col. James Clark of Bunker Hill celebrity. It is now the property of Mr. Alfred Madley. "HOUSE OF THE OLD STONE CHIMNEY" -Landmark of the Early Settlement . 1611 This house at present owned by Rev. H. A. Campbell is of early date. It was owned and occupied by the Mason and Fitch families before the Revolution and such names as Mason, Fitch, Brewster, Wheelock and Clark, and at a more recent period, Robinson, Metcalf, Huntington and Dolbeare of the early families are mentioned in tales and traditions of this old landmark. "STOCKADE PLACE "-Rendezvous of Early Inhabitants for protection against Indians . 17H3 The house now owned by Mr. E. H. Gibbs on the Norwich road about a half mile south of the First Church was the site of the stockades where the pioneer settlers fled for protection from the periodical unfriendliness of the Indians. SITE OF THE OLD ALDEN TAVERN­ Wayside Inn at the crossroads of two great thoroughfares of the Colonial period 18F7 This famous hostlery about midway between New York and Boston on the old post road at the intersection of the New London and Hartford road was the haven of rest for many a tired wayfarer, and numerous are the tales and tradi­ tions that cling around the place. Coffin in his "Boys of 76" relates an amus­ ing anecdote of Landlord Alden. General Prescott, the British commander at Newport had been made a prisoner of war and on the trip to Washington's headquarters stopped here over night. Among other things the prisoner was served succotash which was resented as an insult, and thrown upon the floor, he being accustomed to seeing corn and beans fed only to pigs. For this in­ fraction he was horsewhipped by the irate landlord. TOWN HALL-original site of a little school the inception of a great college 19F6 Here originally stood Moore's Indian Charity School established in 1754, by Eleazer Wheelock, and named for its benefactor, Joshua Moore. Out of this school, in 1765, Samson Occum, an educated Indian preacher, son of the Chief­ tain, went to England to solicit funds for the school. Lord Dartmouth, after­ wards Earl, was impressed with the cause and donated liberally. From this small beginning grew the great educational institution which in 1854 assumed the name of Dartmouth College. In later years "Master" Nathan Tisdale's brick school house was located on the same site. Other Places of Lesser Importance

Home of Hon. Clark Bissell, the fourth resident of Lebanon to be elected Governor of the State, 1847-49. In Goshen, three miles from Centei' First Church Parsonage and Bnckingham Pastor's Library • 21F5 Cemetery 22C6 Ely House, Residence of Rev. Zebulon Ely, 1782-1824 23G7 Old "Lebanon Academy" and Center School 25B& Post Office 26F6 Telephone Central 27ClZ Lebanon Creamery 28H8 Grange Hall 29E5 Baptist Church 24Bl2 School 5 30Al3 School 7 31Hl

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The Publisher~ acknowledge the courtesy of Rev. H. A. Campbell, Mrs. S. W. Throop and Mrs. A. 0. Martin for use of photographs In the preparation of this guide. Copies of this Guide may be obtained from us postpaid on receipt of twenty-five cents. Address the publishers. THE STEDMAN PRESS, Westedy, R.I.