DOCSLIB.ORG

Der Stern Von Bethlehem , 2009 2, Frankfurt Am Main (Verlag Der Häretischen Blätter)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Der Stern Von Bethlehem , 2009 2, Frankfurt Am Main (Verlag Der Häretischen Blätter) Dieter Koch Astronomical Dating of the Mahābhārata War Version 1.01 Copyright © 2014 by Dieter Koch, Erlenbach, Switzerland Translation from the German original by the author himself, currently not perfect, will be edited by a native English speaker. (This version has important updates in the chapter “How Old are the Astronomical Concepts of the Mahābhārata Epic?”) 2 Contents Contents ....................................................................................................... 2 How Old are the Astronomical Concepts of the Mahābhārata Epic? .... 4 Astronomical Concepts from the Bronze Age? .................................................... 4 Vernal Point in the Lunar Mansion Kṛttikā ........................................................ 11 Vernal Point in the Lunar Mansion Rohiṇī? ...................................................... 28 Vernal Point in Bharaṇī and Aśvinī ................................................................... 31 Precession of the Equinoxes in Ancient Indien Astronomy ............................... 35 Of the Origin of the Lunar Mansions ................................................................. 52 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 53 A Super-Conjunction ................................................................................ 55 “The seven planets flew together...” .................................................................. 56 „... like the planets beset the Moon at the end of the age“ ................................. 62 The “Gathering Together” of All Beings in their Origin.................................... 67 Phases and Types of Super-Conjunctions .......................................................... 74 The Super-Conjunction of 1198 BCE ................................................................ 77 Moon in Maghā? ................................................................................................ 78 Another Super-Conjunction at the Death of Kṛṣṇa?........................................... 81 The Traditional Kaliyuga Era .................................................................. 92 The Clustering of Planets of 3102 BCE ............................................................. 92 Revatī as Ecliptic Zero Point in Vedic Times? ................................................ 104 The Clustering of Planets of 3143 BCE ........................................................... 109 The Seven Ṛṣis and Varāhamihira’s Kaliyuga Era ............................. 119 Conjunction of the Seven Ṛṣis at the Beginning of Kaliyuga .......................... 119 Seven Ṛṣis and Seven Planets .......................................................................... 126 Super-Conjunctions at Intervals of 100 Years ................................................. 130 The Clustering of Planets of 2449 BCE ........................................................... 135 New Moon, Full Moon, Eclipses ............................................................. 137 New Moon in Jyeṣṭhā and Full Moon in the Month of Kārttika ...................... 137 Super-Conjunction with Eclipses 1198 BCE ................................................... 147 Solar and Lunar Eclipses at the Time of the Great War ................................... 150 Problems concerning the Eclipses and the Calendar in 1198 BCE .................. 164 Eclipses on the 13th of the Fortnight ............................................................... 170 Two Suns at the End of the Age ....................................................................... 191 Ketu, Dhūmaketu, and Comets ........................................................................ 196 Planetary Configurations ....................................................................... 202 Jupiter and Saturn in Viśākhā .......................................................................... 202 Saturn and Jupiter torment Rohiṇī ................................................................... 205 Mars in Jyeṣṭhā/Anurādhā ................................................................................ 208 3 Alternative Approaches I ................................................................................. 211 And another celestial configuration ................................................................. 219 Alternative Approaches II ................................................................................ 225 Duels and Conjunctions of Planets .................................................................. 229 Do the five Pāṇḍavas stand for the five planets? ............................................. 237 Bhīṣma’s Death ....................................................................................... 246 How Many Days from the Battle to Bhīṣma’s Death? ..................................... 246 Bhīṣma’s Death and the Super-conjunction of 1198 BCE ............................... 263 Alternative Approaches III .............................................................................. 264 Solar Eclipses Before and After the War ......................................................... 277 Conclusions...................................................................................................... 279 Appendices .............................................................................................. 281 A: Super-Conjunctions with New Moon 4000 BCE to 2500 CE .................... 281 B: Super-Conjunctions Without New Moon .................................................... 299 C: Cycles of Super-Conjunctions ..................................................................... 314 D: Super-Conjunctions that Fulfill some Criteria from Mahābhārata .............. 316 E: All Planets Near the Moon in the Morning Sky .......................................... 319 F: All Planets Near the Moon in the Evening Sky ........................................... 325 G: Total Solar Eclipses at Sunrise ................................................................... 334 H: Total Solar Eclipses at Sunset ..................................................................... 336 I: Annular Solar Eclipses at Sunrise ................................................................ 337 J: Annular Solar Eclipses at Sunset ................................................................. 338 K: Total and Annular Eclipses Observable in Kurukṣetra ............................... 339 L: Total and Annular Eclipses Observable in Dvārakā .................................... 391 M: Two Eclipses in a Month in the New Moon Calendar ............................... 441 N: Two Eclipses in a Month in the Full Moon Calendar ................................. 467 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 492 4 How Old are the Astronomical Concepts of the Mahābhārata Epic? Astronomical Concepts from the Bronze Age? Numerous astronomical and calendrical statements in ancient Indian texts raise the question whether these texts could not be dated on the basis of astronomical calculations. If, for example, a text says that an equinox or solstice is located in a particular lunar mansion, we cannot avoid the question for what period this statement was valid. Due to lunisolar precession, such statements can be true only for the duration of a couple of centuries. Thus we can calculate the period in which this astronomical doctrine must have emerged. Calculations of this kind are very simple and the results will not leave much room for doubt. Unfortunately, however, the dates obtained in this way are mostly totally at odds with dates that have been found on the basis of historical or linguistic considerations. For example, the astronomical and calendrical informations contained in the Mahābhārata Epic are based on a lunar mansions system that has its initial point at the lunar mansion Kṛttikā (the Pleiades). As we shall see, the reason seems to be that in ancient times the vernal equinox was located near the Pleiades and the full moon, when it took place on the autumnal equinox, also was seen near them. Now, the vernal equinox could be attributed to the Pleiades only between about 3000 and 1500 BCE, whereas current indology dates the final redaction of the Mahābhārata Epic to between 400 BCE and 400 CE. The underlying astronomical theory thus seems to be over 2000 years older than the text in which it is used. This raises the question of how this huge time gap can be explained. I do not intend to challenge the late dating of the Mahābhārata Epic and the other texts of the Vedic tradition as given by the scientific establishment. The problem should be taken seriously, though. While it is understandable that historians and indologists, who usually do not have deeper insight into astronomical and 5 calendrical issues, give less weight to archaeoastronomical arguments and even tend to disregard the whole issue, astronomical dating does weigh very heavy from the point of view of the “strict” sciences. It is therefore necessary to discuss the problem duly, as has also been pointed out by authors such as Tilak, Sengupta, Elst, and others. Let us first study a less extreme example, namely David Pingree’s statements concerning the dating of the Vedāṅgajyotiṣa, the oldest Indian astronomical treatise. According to the text, the solstices are located at the middle of Āśleṣā and the beginning of Dhaniṣṭhā. Now, while we do not know exactly where the initial points of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Peacock Cult in Asia
    The Peacock Cult in Asia By P. T h a n k a p p a n N a ir Contents Introduction ( 1 ) Origin of the first Peacock (2) Grand Moghul of the Bird Kingdom (3) How did the Peacock get hundred eye-designs (4) Peacock meat~a table delicacy (5) Peacock in Sculptures & Numismatics (6) Peacock’s place in history (7) Peacock in Sanskrit literature (8) Peacock in Aesthetics & Fine Art (9) Peacock’s place in Indian Folklore (10) Peacock worship in India (11) Peacock worship in Persia & other lands Conclusion Introduction Doubts were entertained about India’s wisdom when Peacock was adopted as her National Bird. There is no difference of opinion among scholars that the original habitat of the peacock is India，or more pre­ cisely Southern India. We have the authority of the Bible* to show that the peacock was one of the Commodities5 that India exported to the Holy Land in ancient times. This splendid bird had reached Athens by 450 B.C. and had been kept in the island of Samos earlier still. The peacock bridged the cultural gap between the Aryans who were * I Kings 10:22 For the king had at sea a navy of Thar，-shish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Thar’-shish bringing gold, and silver，ivory, and apes，and peacocks. II Chronicles 9: 21 For the King’s ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Hu，-ram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver，ivory，and apes，and peacocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia
    Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia. A bibliography of historical and modern texts with introduction and partial annotation, and some echoes in Western countries. [This annotated bibliography of 220 items suggests the range and major themes of how Buddhism and people influenced by Buddhism have responded to disability in Asia through two millennia, with cultural background. Titles of the materials may be skimmed through in an hour, or the titles and annotations read in a day. The works listed might take half a year to find and read.] M. Miles (compiler and annotator) West Midlands, UK. November 2013 Available at: http://www.independentliving.org/miles2014a and http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/bibliography/buddhism/index.php Some terms used in this bibliography Buddhist terms and people. Buddhism, Bouddhisme, Buddhismus, suffering, compassion, caring response, loving kindness, dharma, dukkha, evil, heaven, hell, ignorance, impermanence, kamma, karma, karuna, metta, noble truths, eightfold path, rebirth, reincarnation, soul, spirit, spirituality, transcendent, self, attachment, clinging, delusion, grasping, buddha, bodhisatta, nirvana; bhikkhu, bhikksu, bhikkhuni, samgha, sangha, monastery, refuge, sutra, sutta, bonze, friar, biwa hoshi, priest, monk, nun, alms, begging; healing, therapy, mindfulness, meditation, Gautama, Gotama, Maitreya, Shakyamuni, Siddhartha, Tathagata, Amida, Amita, Amitabha, Atisha, Avalokiteshvara, Guanyin, Kannon, Kuan-yin, Kukai, Samantabhadra, Santideva, Asoka, Bhaddiya, Khujjuttara,
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Drik Panchang Hindu Calendar
    2019 Drik Panchang Hindu Calendar Hindu Calendar for San Francisco, California, United States Amanta Calendar - new month begins from Amavasya Page 1 of 25 January 2019 Margashirsha - Pausha 1940 Navami K Pratipada S Saptami S Purnima S Ashtami K SUN 30 24 6 1 13 7 20 15 27 23 रिव 07:29 16:55 07:30 17:01 07:29 17:08 07:26 Pausha Purnima 17:15 07:22 17:23 Shakambhari Purnima Bhanu Saptami Chandra Grahan *Purna Tula Dhanu 10:56 Meena 23:23 Mithuna 10:36 Tula Chitra 18:49 U Ashadha 31:07+ Revati 23:23 Punarvasu 15:53 Swati 24:59+ Dashami K Dwitiya S Ashtami S Pratipada K Navami K MON 31 25 7 2 14 8 21 16 28 24 सोम 07:30 16:56 07:30 17:02 07:29 17:09 07:26 17:16 07:21 17:24 Pongal Chandra Darshana Makara Sankranti Tula Makara Mesha Karka Tula 19:30 Swati 19:15 Shravana Ashwini 24:27+ Pushya 12:58 Vishakha 25:45+ Ekadashi K Tritiya S Navami S Dwitiya K Dashami K TUE 1 26 8 3 15 9 22 17 29 25 मंगल 07:30 16:57 07:30 17:03 07:29 17:10 07:25 17:17 07:21 17:25 Saphala Ekadashi Tula 13:54 Makara 23:46 Mesha 30:39+ Karka 10:02 Vrishchika Vishakha 20:10 Shravana 10:11 Bharani 24:43+ Ashlesha 10:02 Anuradha 27:11+ Dwadashi K Chaturthi S Dashami S Tritiya K Ekadashi K WED 2 27 9 4 16 10 23 18,19 30 26 बुध 07:30 16:57 07:30 17:04 07:28 17:11 07:25 17:18 07:20 17:26 Sakat Chauth Pradosh Vrat Pausha Putrada Ekadashi Lambodara Sankashti Chaturth Shattila Ekadashi Vrishchika Kumbha Vrishabha Simha Vrishchika 29:11+ Anuradha 21:34 Dhanishtha 13:20 Krittika 24:11+ P Phalguni 28:52+ Jyeshtha 29:11+ Trayodashi K Panchami S Ekadashi S Panchami K Dwadashi K THU
    [Show full text]
  • Jyothisha Prakaasham Mithuna Jaya
    Jyothisha Prakaasham Mithuna (Jaya) Jyothisha Prakaasham Mithuna_Jaya (2014-2015) Vetti yah vedaangam sa aapnothi paramam padam prathikoolanivaarakam mokshopakaarakam cha 1 Jyothisha Prakaasham Mithuna (Jaya) Topics Editorial .................................................................................................................... 3 Jyothishavidanustaana Vivaranam ................................................................................ 5 Bhavartha Ratnakara - IV ............................................................................................ 8 Ganitha - I .............................................................................................................. 12 Nakshatras - VI ........................................................................................................ 19 Muhurtha – Electional Astrology - IV ........................................................................... 28 Navamsa Analysis - I ................................................................................................ 33 Gandantha – An Analysis - I ...................................................................................... 39 Amala Yoga ............................................................................................................. 46 Horoscope Analysis ................................................................................................... 51 Anukramaanika ........................................................................................................ 56 Vetti yah
    [Show full text]
  • Manual – 9 Directory of Officers and Employees
    Manual – 9 Directory of Officers and Employees Sr. STD Name Designation Phone No. Fax Email No. Code Address Office Home KEM Hospital, Parel, Mum - 1 Dr.Nilima A. Kshirsagar Dean 022 24136051 24143435 12 --- do --- Dy. Dean 2 Rankhambe Anand V 022 24136051 Dy.Dean & 3 Bhosle Narayan D. Fb Srg 022 24136051 --- do -- Asst. Dean 4 Salve Milind Ganpat 022 24136051 --- do -- Asst. Dean 5 Bhamare Anant B. 022 24136051 --- do -- Jt.Ch.Personnel 6 Deshpande Dinkar W. 022 24136051 --- do -- 7 Sawant Ranjita R Admv.Officer 022 24136051 --- do -- A.M.O. 8 Parab Anandrao Madan 022 24136051 --- do -- Office Suptd 9 Raorane Anisha Arun 022 24136051 --- do -- Office Suptd 10 Koli Lata Chandrakant 022 24136051 --- do -- Sr.Stenographer 11 Kotwaliwale Shilpa 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 12 Sahasrabuddhe Rashmi 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 13 Pradhan Archana Ashok 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 14 Patwardhan Aruna S. 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 15 Gracy Lester Zaccheus 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 16 Martal Rasika Ramdas 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 17 Joshi Abhay Waman 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 18 Managekar Varsha V. 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 19 Meena Narasimhan 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 20 Pradhan Asmita Anil 022 24136051 --- do -- Jr.Stenogrphr. 21 Sawant Suryakant K. 022 24136051 --- do -- 90 Enquiry Officer 22 Gandre Kalyani Anil 022 24136051 --- do -- Head Clerk 23 Marathe Varsha Vivek 022 24136051 --- do -- Head Clerk 24 Tembkar Prakash N. 022 24136051 --- do -- Head Clerk 25 Gangawane Vaishalee V 022 24136051 --- do -- 26 Warule Ashwinikumar Head Clerk 022 24136051 --- do -- 27 Patil Swati Balaji Head Clerk 022 24136051 --- do -- 28 Chavan Kiran Bayaji Head Clerk 022 24136051 --- do -- 29 Marathe Meghana M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian Luni-Solar Calendar and the Concept of Adhik-Maas
    Volume -3, Issue-3, July 2013 The Indian Luni-Solar Calendar and the giving rise to alternative periods of light and darkness. All human and animal life has evolved accordingly, Concept of Adhik-Maas (Extra-Month) keeping awake during the day-light but sleeping through the dark nights. Even plants follow a daily rhythm. Of Introduction: course some crafty beings have turned nocturnal to take The Hindu calendar is basically a lunar calendar and is advantage of the darkness, e.g., the beasts of prey, blood– based on the cycles of the Moon. In a purely lunar sucker mosquitoes, thieves and burglars, and of course calendar - like the Islamic calendar - months move astronomers. forward by about 11 days every solar year. But the Hindu calendar, which is actually luni-solar, tries to fit together The next natural clock in terms of importance is the the cycle of lunar months and the solar year in a single revolution of the Earth around the Sun. Early humans framework, by adding adhik-maas every 2-3 years. The noticed that over a certain period of time, the seasons concept of Adhik-Maas is unique to the traditional Hindu changed, following a fixed pattern. Near the tropics - for lunar calendars. For example, in 2012 calendar, there instance, over most of India - the hot summer gives way were 13 months with an Adhik-Maas falling between to rain, which in turn is followed by a cool winter. th th August 18 and September 16 . Further away from the equator, there were four distinct seasons - spring, summer, autumn, winter.
    [Show full text]
  • The Glories of the Month of Kartika
    3ب&≥∂π∞¨∫∂≠ªØ¨¥∂µªØ∂≠*®πª∞≤® TThhee GGlloorriieess ooff tthhee mmoonntthh ooff KKaarrttiikkaa Kartika M aas, also know n as Damodara M aas is described in the scriptures as the best among months. ª®∫¥®´Ω𮪮ªπ®¿®¥Ø¿¨ª®µ¥®¥®ª∞Ω®∑π∞¿®µ≤®π®¥ ¥®ÆØ®≤®πª∞≤®¿∂∫ª®´Ω®ªª®ªØ®∞Ω®∞≤®´®∫∞Ω𮪮¥ Ω®µ®∫∑®ª∞µ®¥ªº≥®∫∞¥®∫®µ®¥≤®πª∞≤®Ø∑π∞¿®Ø ¨≤®´®∫∞ª∞ªØ∞µ®¥™®≤∫¨ªπ®µ®¥´Ω®π®≤®¥®¥® ¨ª¨∫®¥∫¨Ω®µ®¥¿®∫ªº≤®π∂ª∞™®±∞ª¨µ´π∞¿®Ø ∫®¥¨Ω®≥≥®©Ø®ª®¥¿®ª∞µ®ª®ªØ®¿®±®µ®´∞©Ø∞Ø .≠®≥≥∑≥®µª∫ ªØ¨∫®™π¨´3º≥®∫∞∞∫¥∂∫ª´¨®πª∂,¨ ∂≠®≥≥ ¥∂µªØ∫ *®πª∞≤®∞∫¥∂∫ª´¨®π ∂≠®≥≥∑≥®™¨∫∂≠∑∞≥Æπ∞¥®Æ¨ ,¿ ©¨≥∂Ω¨´ #Ω®π®≤® ∞∫ ¥∂∫ª ´¨®π ®µ´ ∂≠ ®≥≥ ´®¿∫ $≤®´®∫∞ ∞∫ ¥∂∫ª ´¨®π /®´¥® /ºπ®µ® 4ªª®π® *Ø®µ´® ! * ®πªª∞≤® ∂π ªØ¨ ≠¨∫ª∞Ω®≥ ∂≠ ∂≠≠¨π∞µÆ ≥®¥∑∫ ª∂ +∂π´ * π∫µ® ≥®∫ª∫ªØ¨¨µª∞π¨¥∂µªØ∂≠#®¥∂´®π® * ®πªª∞≤®∫ª®πª∞µÆ≠π∂¥ ªØ. ™ªªØ- ∂Ω æØ∞™ØÆ≥∂π∞≠∞¨∫* π∫µ®!∫∑®∫ª∞¥¨∂≠©¨∞µÆ ©∂ºµ´æ∞ªØπ∂∑¨∫©¿, ∂ªØ¨π8®∫Ø∂´®'. ©∫¨πΩ∞µÆΩ𮪮∞µ ªØ¨¥∂µªØ∂≠* ®πªª∞≤®∞∫Æ≥∂π∞≠∞¨´∞µªØ¨/ºπ®µ®∫' ) ∫2®ª¿®¿ºÆ®∞∫ªØ¨©¨∫ª∂≠¿ºÆ®∫®Æ¨∫®∫ªØ¨5¨´®∫®π¨ ªØ¨ ©¨∫ª ∂≠ ∫™π∞∑ªºπ¨∫ ®∫ &®µÆ® ∞∫ ªØ¨ ©¨∫ª ∂≠ π∞Ω¨π∫ ∫∂ *®πªª∞≤® ∞∫ ªØ¨ ©¨∫ª ∂≠ ¥∂µªØ∫ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ´¨®π ª∂ +∂π´ *π∫µ® !2≤®µ´®#/ºπ®µ® 3ب Ω𮪮 ©¨Æ∞µ∫ ∂µ +ªØ . ™ª∂©¨π ®µ´ ∂µ¨ ¥®¿ ∂©∫¨πΩ¨ ªØ¨ ≠∂≥≥∂æ∞µÆ ≠∂π¨¥∂∫ª ®™ª∞Ω∞ª∞¨∫ ªØπ∂ºÆØ∂ºªªØ¨¨µª∞π¨¥∂µªØ∂≠* ®πªª∞≤®, )®∑®™Ø®µª∞µÆªØ¨Ø∂≥¿µ®¥¨∫∂≠ªØ¨+∂π´ 6 ∂π∫Ø∞∑* π∫µ®©¿∂≠≠¨π∞µÆÆب¨≥®¥∑∫ ≠≥∂æ¨π∫ ∞µ™¨µ∫¨ ≠∂∂´®µ´¨ª™ /𮙪∞™¨©π®Ø¥®™®π¿®™¨≥∞©®™¿ 6 ∂π∫Ø∞∑∂≠3º≥∫∞´¨Ω∞ & ∞Ω¨∞µ™Ø®π∞ª¿ /¨π≠∂π¥®º∫ª¨π∞ª∞¨∫ ´®¥∂´®π®®∫ª®≤®¥µ®¥®∫ª∂ªπ®¥´®¥∂´®π®®π™®µ®¥ µ∞ª¿®¥´®¥∂´®π®®≤®π∫∞∑®ªØ¨ª∫®ª¿®Ω𮪮º´∞ª®¥ ' 1(40 1 * 3(5 (+ 2 +78+9 (µ ªØ¨ ¥∂µªØ ∂≠ *®πªª∞≤® ∂µ¨ ∫Ø∂º≥´ ´®∞≥¿ æ∂π∫Ø∞∑ +∂π´ #®¥∂´®π® ®µ´
    [Show full text]
  • Calendar 2020 #Spiritualsocialnetwork Contact Us @Rgyanindia FEBRUARY 2020 Magha - Phalguna 2076
    JANUARY 2020 Pausa - Magha 2076 Subh Muhurat Sukla Paksha Dashami Krishna Paksha Dwitiya Krishna Paksha Dashami Republic Day Festivals, Vrats & Holidays Marriage: 15,16, 17, Pausha Magha Magha 1 English New Year ५ १२ १९ २६ 26 Sun 18, 20, 29, 30, 31 5 25 12 2 19 10 2 Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti Ashwini Pushya Vishakha Dhanishtha Nature Day रव. Griha Pravesh: 29, 30 Mesha Dhanu Karka Dhanu Tula Makara Makara Makara 3 Masik Durgashtami, Banada Vehicle Purchase: 3, Pausa Putrada Ekadashi Krishna Paksha Tritiya Shattila Ekadashi Sukla Paksha Tritiya Ashtami 8, 10, 17, 20, 27, 30, Pausha Magha Magha Magha 6 Vaikuntha Ekadashi, Paush 31 ६ १३ २० २७ MON 6 26 13 3 20 11 27 18 Putrada Ekadashi, Tailang Bharani Ashlesha Anuradha Shatabhisha Swami Jayanti सोम. Property Purchase: 10, 30, 31 Mesha Dhanu Karka Dhanu Vrishabha Makara Kumbha Makara 7 Kurma Dwadashi Namakaran: 2, 3, 5, Sukla Paksha Dwadashi K Chaturthi LOHRI Krishna Paksha Dwadashi Sukla Paksha Tritiya 8 Pradosh Vrat, Rohini Vrat 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, Pausha Magha Magha Magha 10 Paush Purnima, Shakambhari 20, 27, 29, 30, 31 ७ १४ २१ २८ TUE 7 27 14 4 21 12 28 18 Purnima, Magh Snan Start Krittika Magha Jyeshtha Shatabhisha 12 National Youth Day, Swami मंगल. Mundan: 27, 31 Vrishabha Dhanu Simha Dhanu Vrishabha Makara Kumbha Makara Vivekananda Jayanti English New Year Sukla Paksha Trayodashi Makar Sankranti, Pongal Krishna Paksha Trayodashi Vasant Panchami 13 Sakat Chauth, Lambodara Pausha Magha Sankashti Chaturthi १ ८ १५ २२ २९ WED 1 21 8 28 15 5 22 13 29 14 Lohri Purva Bhadrapada Rohini Uttara Phalguni Mula Purva Bhadrapada 15 Makar Sankranti, Pongal बुध.
    [Show full text]
  • The Civilization of India
    'CORNIA, SAN DIEGO usaJH iliii DS 436 D97 HB In SUM^ Hill HI I A ——^— c SS33 1II1& A inos ^ (J REGIO 1 8 MAL 8 I ' 8Bi|LIBRARY 8 ===== 5 ^H •''"'''. F 1 ^^^? > jH / I•' / 6 3 mm^ LIBRARY "*'**••* OK SAN 0fO3O N F CAL,F0RNI in JmNiln 1 M, . * san 3 1822 00059 8219 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/civilizationofinOOdutt HE TEMPLE PRIMERS THE CIVILIZATION OF INDIA By ROMESH C. DUTT, CLE. A. : » "";. : ;-. ' 1 - fejlSP^^*^-:'H-' : .;.Jlffsil if? W?*^m^^lmSmJpBSS^S I^~lmi ~5%^M'J&iff*^^ ygjBfB^ THE GREAT TEMPLE OF BHUVANESWARA CIVILIZATIOn OF.IHDIA I900& 29 &30 BEDFORD-STREET* LQNDOM All rights reserved CONTENTS PAGE I. VEDIC AGE (2000 TO I4OO B.C.) I II. EPIC AGE (14OO TO 80O B.C.) l 5 III. AGE OF LAWS AND PHILOSOPHY (80O TO 3 I 5 B.C. 2 5 IV. RISE OF BUDDHISM (522 B.C.) 36 V. BUDDHIST AGE (3 I 5 B.C. TO A.D. 500) . 49 VI. PURANIC AGE (a.D. 5OO TO 800) . 65 VII. AGE OF RAJPUT ASCENDENCY (a.D. 800 TO 1200 79 VIII. AGE OF THE AFGHAN RULE (a.D. 1206 TO I 526 89 IX. CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE UNDER THE AFGHA1 RULE ...... 99 X. AGE OF THE MOGHAL RULE (a.D. I 526 TO I707 106 XI. CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE UNDER THE MOGHAL RULE ....... 116 XII. AGE OF MAHRATTA ASCENDENCY (a.D. 1 7 1 8 TO l8l8) 132 Index 144 ' LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Asoka's Pillar 54 Chaitya or Church at Karli Chaitya or Church at Ajanta .
    [Show full text]
  • HARDLINE Danger Zone (Hard Rock)
    HARDLINE Danger zone (Hard Rock) Année de sortie : 2012 Nombre de pistes : 12 Durée : 59' Support : CD Provenance : Acheté HARDLINE, en 2012, c'est la superbe voix de Johnny GIOELI. Tous les autres musiciens ont changé au gré des albums et hormis Double Eclipse, pur chef-d'oeuvre de Hard-Us, HARDLINE s'est contenté d'albums plus où moins agréables depuis. Pour ce quatrième opus, je suis parti peu convaincu à l'abordage de ce nouvel effort...et la surprise en devient donc plus qu'agréable ! Avec un nouveau line-up et des compositions réussis de Alessandro DEL VECCHIO (EDGE OF FOREVER), claviériste et producteur italien, voilà que cet album remet HARDLINE dans les hauteurs ! Alessandro a fait un excellent travail pour cet album ! Voilà pourquoi Serafino PERUGINO, président de Frontiers Records a, d'après la biographie, insisté auprès de Johnny pour qu'il vienne donner de la voix ! M. PERUGINO a eu raison, le résultat le prouve. Une autre raison de cette réussite tient en l'arrivée du guitariste Thorsten KOEHNE (EDEN'S CURSE) ! Il était temps que HARDLINE s'accorde (Il y a un jeu de mot je crois !) les services d'un guitariste de cette trempe là ! Son travail est énorme et les quelques solos placés ici où là sont fantastiques. Un peu plus n'aurait pas été un luxe ! Ce qui frappe aussi sur cet album, c'est que malgré des titres tous au delà des 4 minutes (jusqu'à 6'16), aucun sentiment de lassitude ne se fait sentir... Les refrains reviennent avec joie, quelques passages instrumentaux "guitares/claviers" relèvent l'ambiance, c'est un festival..
    [Show full text]
  • Karthika Month Is the Most Sacred Month to Worship Lord Mahadeva
    Karthika month is the most sacred month to worship Lord Mahadeva In the month of Karthika both Lord Mahadeva and Lord Vishnu are worshipped together, as it’s the month of Sriharahari. Shlokam || Mahimnah param te parama vidusho yadyasadrishi || Pushpadantacharya praised Sri Mahadeva…. as follows, O Mahadeva! your glory is infinite. If it is unseemly to praise You when ignorant of the extent of’ Your greatness, then even the praises of Brahma and others are inadequate. Sri Mahadev in his most delightful form. The sages, the enlightened, the Siddha men, who are rich in tapahsiddhi, stand before Lord Shankara with a very humble sense of humility. For the devotee- humility is the main thing. Without it, no matter how much is done, can grace be obtained so quickly? With the sight of the eye, in front of the Mahayoga Yogi who burnt Manmadha. O Mind! what is your capacity? Mind let go of the ego and worship Mahadeva. What would it be like to bathe in seawater and interpret the ocean with those seawater? O Mahadeva! form of Shiva Shakti, I humbly ask you to give me the fortune to worship you with the flowers of words you have given me. The Brahma Deva say to the Sri Mahadeva, "Hey! Mahadeva, according to my little intellect, I praise you, the Infinite One." God, that goddess has done great penance for you and has impressed you and become your consort. What is my devotion to you who have seen such great penances? It seems to give bitter water to the mouth that drinks honey, my prayer, my devotion, Deva, Mahadeva, forgive us.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Shravana Mondays - Sri Rudrabhishekam Shravana Monday Rudrabhishekam for Lord Shiva’S Grace and Blessings
    Five Shravana Mondays - Sri Rudrabhishekam Shravana Monday Rudrabhishekam for Lord Shiva’s grace and blessings Performing the Shravana Monday Pradosha Abhishekam to Lord Shiva, you will gain Lord Shiva’s blessings and reap the benefits in a timely manner. “Rajatha Bilvapatra Special Puja” (silver bael leaves puja) will also be performed. For those who perform abhishekam to Lord Shiva during this vratam on Shravana Monday evenings, you will be bestowed with money, grains, children, wife, relationship, happiness and wealth endlessly. This puja gives amazing results. According to ancient scriptures, for those who perform Pradosha Vratam on Shravana Mondays for 21 years, you will get the darshan of Lord Shiva Himself. Those who have not been able to perform this vratam for a long time should commence the vratam and perform it as long as possible. The month of Shravana begins on Sunday, August 8 with the first Monday puja beginning on Monday, August 9. 1. August 9th, Monday – for those in Ashlesha star, puja on this day will cure all doshas. 2. August 16th, Monday - Ashtami – for those in Anuradha star, puja on this day will bestow Akhanda (abundance) Aishwarya (wealth) Yoga to them. (Star on this day is Anuradha) 3. August 23rd, Monday - for those in Shatabhisha Star the homam and puja on this day bestows Mahadaishwarya (great wealth). 4. August 30th, Monday - Rohini Star - Kritika morning, Sri Mahalakshmi Yoga gives all good luck. Page 1 of 6 Five Shravana Tuesdays - Sri Mangala Gowri Devi Puja Sri Sugandha Kumkum and Silver Lotuses Puja When Sri Mangala Gowri Devi is worshiped on Shravana Tuesdays it is known as ‘Sarvaarthi Hara’; meaning all kinds of aarti (afflictions), anguish and distress will be removed.
    [Show full text]