GEOPHYSICAL REPORT ON A MAGNETIC r~~~lt HELENA LAKE PROPERTY
DASH LAKE AREA (G-2671) KENORA MINING DISTRICT, ONTARIO
LATITUDE: 49°06.7'N LONGITUDE: 93°33.3'W UTM: 459,500E 5,440,OOON Zone 15 NAD83 NTS: 52F/4SE
by
Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D.,P.Eng. Consulting Geophysicist
for
I KING'S BAY GOLD CORP• • 52 Gull Lake Road Winnipeg, Manitoba R , AUG 2 2 ?rr, G;~OSCIENCE ASSESSMENT _~fIiDE"_~ __ DATE OF WORK: 25-31 January and 9-11 February 2005
DATE OF REPORT: 1 May 2005 King'S Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagIYLF
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
INTRODUCTION...... 1
PROPERTY LOCATION, ACCESS, DESCRIPTION AND PHySIOGRAPHY ...... 2
SURVEY METHODOLOGy...... 5
Magnetics ...... 5
VLF-EM ...... 6
SURVEY PROCEDURES ...... 8
MagneticNLF-EM Survey ...... 8
DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION ...... 12
Magnetics ...... 12
VLF-EM ...... 13
INTERPRETATION PROCEDURES ...... 14
Magnetics ...... 14
VLF-EM ...... 14
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ...... 16
Magnetics ...... 16
VLF-EM ...... 16
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 17
REFERENCES ...... " ...... 18
CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFICATIONS ...... 19
Discovery Geophysics Inc. ii King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagCv1..F
TABLES
TABLE 1 - Helena Lake Property ...... 2
TABLE 2 - MagneticNLF-EM Survey Coverage ...... 12
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE 1 - Location Map...... 3
FI GURE 2 - Property Map ...... 4
FIGURE 3 - Survey Map ...... 11
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - Instrument Specifications
APPENDIX B - Data Plots and Maps
Map 1 - Total Magnetic Intensity - Profiles, Contours and Colour Grid
Map 2a - Filtered VLF-EM Profiles· La Moure (25.2 kHz) - In-Phase, Quadrature, Total Field
Map 2b - Filtered VLF-EM Profiles - Cutler (24.0 kHz) - In-Phase, Quadrature, Total Field
APPENDIX C - Digital Data on Diskette
Discovery Geophysics Inc. King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - Mag!VLF
INTRODUCTION
During the period 25 to 31 January and 9 to 11 February 2005, Discovery Geophysics Inc. carried out a magnetic and VLF-EM survey on the Helena Lake property, in the Kenora Mining District, Ontario for King's Bay Gold Corp. The Helena Lake property consists of two claims (15 units) covering an area of about 234 hectares in the Dash Lake Area (G-2671), about 30 km east of the town of Nestor Falls, Ontario. The magnetic and VLF-EM survey was carried out over a cut and chained survey grid that extended over the entire claim block, including the frozen surface of Helena Lake. The survey was carried out to help map the geologic formations and structures on the property from their magnetic and electrical conductor signatures. The survey was also intended to locate conductors that might be caused by zones of gold and/or base metal sulphide mineralization.
The survey was carried out by Tim Kulchyski: manager of central Canada operations. The survey grid was established by King's Bay prior to the commencement of the survey. UTM locations of the ends of survey lines and at stations along the baselines were recorded by the operator during the course of the survey using a hand-held GPS receiver, so that the grid, which was somewhat irregular, could be plotted accurately on the final data maps. The survey was carried out using an EDA Instruments Inc. (now merged with Scintrex Ltd) Omni Plus magnetometerfVLF-EM system and an Omni IV base station magnetometer. A total of27.24 km of magnetic and VLF-EM coverage was surveyed on 20 lines and 7 tielbase lines over a period of 6 days. VLF-EM data were recorded from two separate transmitters: La Moure, North Dakota (25.2 kHz) and Cutler, Maine (24.0 kHz).
This report is a technical description of the surveys, and the data processing and interpretation procedures, followed by a discussion of the results and their implications for the continued mineral exploration program on the property. The total magnetic intensity data are presented on a 1 :5,000 scale, topographic base map showing the profiles, contours and colour gridding. VLF-EM data are shown as stacked profiles of the total field, in-phase and quadrature components on 1 :5,000 scale topographic base maps. There is a separate map for each VLF transmitter. Interpretations ofVLF EM conductors are made on each VLF profile map, and are then combined onto the magnetic map.
Discovery Geophysics Inc. 2 King's Bay Gold COl}? Helena - MagIVLF
PROPERTY LOCATION, ACCESS, DESCRIPTION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY
The Helena Lake property is located about 30 km east of the town of Nestor Falls, north-western Ontario (Figure 1). The geographical centre of the the property is 49°06.6'N and 93°33.3'W (UTM NAD83: 459,500E, 5,440,000N, Zone 15) in the southeast corner ofNTS map sheet 52F/4. The town of Nestor Falls offers all of the amenities necessary for persons working in the area. The property is readily accessed from town via the Pipestone Lake Road, and a series of logging roads that turn off to the southeast at 17 km. During winter months, the Pipestone Lake Road is ploughed and maintained, but from the junction at 17 km it is necessary to use snowmobiles on the secondary logging roads for an additional 15 km into the property. During summer months it is possible to drive a 4x4 truck to within a kilometre of the survey grid (see Figure 2).
The Helena Lake property consists of two mining claims (15 units) covering an area of about 234 hectares over Helena Lake and immediate lands to the west (Figure 2). The magnetic and VLF-EM survey was carried out over an imperial survey grid that covered just about the entire property. (The grid was mistakenly turned a few degrees from true north-south, which resulted in slight gaps and overlaps with the surrounding claims). Details of the mining claims are listed in Table 1 and the claim map is shown in Figure 2.
Table 1: Helena Lake Property
Claim Recording Date Due Date Unit Size
K 3012329 2003-May-08 2005-May-08 3 K 3012330 2003-May-08 2005-May-08 12 Total 15
The topography of the region is typical of the Canadian Shield: lakes, creeks and swamps in low lying areas, glacial deposits and occasional rocky outcrops forming higher ground. A prominent northeast-southwest trending ridge dominates the area and forms the northwest side of Helena Lake. The slope down to the lake is very steep in places, making line cutting and geophysical surveying difficult. The boreal forest cover is dominantly black spruce in low areas, and jack pine and popular occurring sporadically in higher ground.
Discovery Geophysics Inc. Wi n1sk
..w-jln'ln L.nding . C A 'N A 0 1>, ' ,.Ijlfjd t:.D; .•.a tir.i$(fn L jk~" "~ iQ 1roll1 L.,. SJ ndy:UI .. Popl., Hi ll C.t Lake elJlJmm it Llkt •. ¢' . rort Ho p. ta , S-",In' Post P~g lN _ ¥.4r1nipag.,' Sioux loi)k o~t . • N i; ld n~o ,,f~jV .f ... S~v~nt .,.,.Idton", C.. umllt K.I)~r'· -20ryden L ake ! ~ J " Be I t~m o;@ K.; -.-.- aootl"Q U.,nitouwAcg.· P.t. afto n. <10 .... . ~ tt Fr.JI nCQ$. EO STATES "'In. . MHf, -"- -- "'- .... ·7 · ' INDEX MAP .... 0 T . "'- ( ~ .."W .,.." Bla H.allt.k de o i ...( ood - .-"" r'" Burriss I • .t " _ . . BarV\?ck chos e .- -- .- -...... - . ~ mc, ___----.. ~.., anito LJ - ~-==- SOT A 11 ·'1 ,er~z ie r I. I l Scale 1 :450,000 Figure 1 Location Map Helena Lake Property o 10 20 30 King's Bay Gold Corp. - - UTM Zone 15 NAD83 Scale 1 :20,000 Figure 2 Property Map o 400 800 1200 1600 m Helena Lake Properly ---- King's Bay Gold Corp. 5 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagNLF SURVEY METHODOLOGY Magnetics The primary objective of magnetic surveying in mineral exploration is the identification and characterization of spatial changes in the magnetic earth's field. The spatial variations or anomalies of interest are those that span from a few metres to several thousands of metres. They are typically caused by anomalous variation in the distribution of magnetic minerals in the earth or by buried iron objects or cultural features. The anomalies caused by geologic sources are primarily related to the presence of the most common magnetic mineral: magnetite and related minerals, (e.g. ulvospinel, titanomagnetite, maghemite, etc.), which can be collectively referred to as magnetite - a heavy, hard and resistant mineral. The common rust coloured forms of iron oxide (e.g. hematite, limonite, etc.) are orders of magnitude less magnetic and are rarely the cause of magnetic anomalies. Other magnetic minerals that occur to a lesser extent are pyrrhotite (important in some sulphide deposits), and ilmenite (important in some placer deposits). Most rocks contain magnetite from very small fractions of a percent up to several percent, and even several tens of percent in the case of magnetite iron ore deposits. It is the distribution of magnetite, and certain characteristics of its magnetic properties, that form the basis of the magnetic method. Buried iron objects and cultural features are also detected during magnetic surveying due to magnetic materials common to most man-made structures (i.e. steel), or due to magnetic fields associated with electrical current in power lines, transformers or other radiating sources. Anomalies of the earth's magnetic field are caused by two different kinds of magnetism: remnant and induced magnetization. Remnant or permanent magnetization (the former ascribed to rocks, the latter to metals), can be the predominant magnetization (relative to the induced magnetization) in certain rock types. Remnant magnetization is related to the thermal, chemical or mechanical properties and history of a rock, and is independent of the field in which it is measured. Diabase dykes, iron formations, kimberlitic pipes and other geological formations with high concentrations of magnetite often have high values of remnant magnetization. Induced magnetization refers to the magnetism acquired by a rock by virtue of its presence in an external magnetizing field: i.e. the earth's field. The intensity of induced magnetization is directly proportional to the strength of the ambient field and to the ability of the material to acquire a Discovery Geophysics Inc. 6 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - Mag/YLF magnetic field - a property called magnetic susceptibility. The direction of the induced magnetism in a rock is the same as that of the earth's ambient field. The local variation in magnetic field strength observed by a magnetic survey is due to variation in the susceptibility of the underlying rock, which is mostly due, in tum, to variation in the concentration and habit of magnetic minerals - primarily magnetite. Typically, mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks have higher susceptibilities than felsic igneous rocks, which have higher susceptibilities than sedimentary rocks. VLF-EM Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio transmitters, which provide continuous navigational and communication signals for submarines, are found in various locations around the world. The powerful transmitters radiate electromagnetic (EM) waves in the VLF frequency band (i.e. 15-30 kHz) from arrays of vertical antennas and ground mats. The EM waves propagate radially outward from the antenna array and are detectable for thousands of kilometres. The propagating VLF-EM field travels as a guided wave between the ionosphere and the ground. The planar EM waves propagate horizontally between these two surfaces with the magnetic component of the EM field being horizontal and oriented perpendicular to the direction to the transmitter station. If the VLF-EM field is distorted by an electrically conductive structure in the ground, then the field will have an orientation and strength in the vicinity of that structure which is different from the normal field at that location. The distortion is caused by EM induction of eddy currents in the earth and their resultant radiation of secondary EM fields, which sum vectorally with the primary field. The result is a secondary or anomalous EM field that is slightly out of phase with the primary field (normally resolved into an in-phase component and a 90° out of phase or "quadrature" component), and also has a vertical as well as horizontal magnetic component. The magnitude of the summed total field directly over the conductor will also be greater than the ambient primary VLF-EM field. The strength of the secondary or anomalous VLF-EM field due to a planer conductor is a function of both conductivity of the conductor relative to the host rock, and the inductive coupling angle between the conductor and the magnetic component of the primary VLF-EM field. EM induction is strongest for conductive structures that are oriented perpendicular to the magnetic component of Discovery Geophysics Inc. 7 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagIYLF the primary VLF -EM field. In fact, if a conductor is parallel to the primary field it may not be detectable at all, and is said to be "null-coupled". Hence, conductors perpendicular to the direction to the VLF transmitter station will not be well resolved by a VLF -EM survey. As a general rule of thumb, coupling angles within 450 of perpendicular are sufficient to produce adequate secondary response to resolve the conductors. The anomalous VLF-EM response from conductors closer to being perpendicular to the primary field direction is enhanced relative to more poorly coupled conductors. The VLF-EM technique possesses two characteristics that profoundly affect the type of anomalies produced: 1) a relatively high and limited range of operating frequencies (the VLF band is considered to be "yery low .ftequency" for radio transmission, but it is considerably greater than the frequencies used in conventional EM prospecting: i.e. 100 to 10,000 Hz); and 2) a large spatially distributed primary field. The high and limited frequency range has a number of associated properties: • The fields are attenuated and phase shifted more than corresponding lower frequency fields. • A wider range of conductivities will respond to produce anomalies. • Highly conductive bodies will be at, or near, the inductive limit. • Conductivity resolution is not possible due to the limited frequency range. The large spatially distributed primary field has other associated properties: • Responses from large-scale structures dominate over weaker responses from small-scale structures. • Galvanic current flow or "current channelling" dominates over simple EM induction. It should be noted that many of the properties listed above limit the ability to make quantitative interpretations from VLF-EM data and also lead to the generation of a great deal of anomalous response from overburden and topography (i.e. "geologic noise"). However, many geological targets, such as shear zones or disseminated sulphides, which are not good EM targets and cannot be easily detected with any other EM prospecting system, can be quite successfully located with the VLF -EM technique. Discovery Geophysics Inc. 8 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MatifYLF SURVEY PROCEDURES MagneticIVLF-EM Survey The magnetic and VLF-EM survey was carried out simultaneously using an Omni Plus magneto meterlVLF system built by EDA Instruments Inc. (now merged with Scintrex Ltd.). An Omni IV base station magnetometer, set up at the junction on Pipestone Lake Road 17 km in from Highway 71 at UTM NAD83 coordinates 445,348E 5,445,304N, was used to record magnetic diurnal variations at 30 second intervals. VLF-EM data were recorded from two different VLF transmitter stations: La Moure, North Dakota (25.2 kHz) and Cutler, Maine (24.0 kHz). The Omni Plus instrument contains several microprocessors and associated digital circuitry for measuring, processing and storing both magnetic and VLF-EM data. The instrument digitally records magnetic intensity readings from a proton precession sensor connected to the receiver console, along with the time from an internal quartz clock. Quartz clocks in the Omni Plus and Omni IV base station magnetometer are synchronized at the start of each day's survey to the nearest second. Base station mode enables the Omni N to store up to 10,000 sets of readings, which is the equivalent to approximately 55 hours of unattended monitoring at 10 second sampling interval. Through linear interpolation, diurnal corrections are automatically applied to data from the mobile field instruments during data transfer. The Omni Plus system is capable of recording VLF signals at up to three different frequencies simultaneously with the total magnetic intensity data, thus greatly increasing the efficiency of the magnetic and VLF-EM survey. The ability to obtain data from as many as three VLF transmitter stations in different directions from the survey area allows for complete coverage of conductive structures regardless of their orientation. Three orthogonal sensor coils provide consistently repeatable, high quality, total field and vertical component (both in-phase and quadrature) data, through real-time digital signal processing, even for weak signals from remote transmitters. The operator monitors an error analysis feature built into the display and is able to make an on-the-spot decision whether or not to store the reading or repeat it. Data transfer is achieved by RS232C interface on the Omni to a computer, which writes the data to disk for storage and later processing. (See Appendix A - Instrument Specifications for additional details). Discovery Geophysics Inc. 9 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagNLF For maximum electromagnetic coupling, a transmitter station should be selected which is in the same direction as the geological strike or the dominant structural trend of the survey area. In the Helena Lake area., both the Cutler and Seattle VLF stations provide roughly the same primary field 0 0 orientation: Seattle - 98 , Cutler - 94 . Hence, only one of these stations is required for the survey. The La Moure VLF station is oriented at 51 0 and hence it provides better coupling for northeast-southwest structure - the dominant geologic trend in the Helena Lake area. Also, because La Moure, North Dakota is much closer to north-western Ontario than Cutler, Maine, it displays stronger anomalous response than Cutler. In general however, there is only minor difference in the anomalous responses from the two different transmitters, so the results can be combined into a single, final set of interpreted conductors. To insure consistently high quality magnetic data, the operators made every effort to remove all magnetic materials from their persons. However, certain magnetic items could not be removed, including steel shanks in work boots, and clips and zippers on rain gear. Therefore, in an effort to increase the repeatability of the survey data, tests were carried out at the beginning of each survey day to determine how much of an effect these items have on the recorded magnetic field strength. Successive readings were taken at one location without moving and the repeatability was found to be typically of order 1 to 2 nT, which is therefore the error of the final data set. The geophysical surveys were carried out over a period of 6 days: 26 to 30 January and 9 February 2005. The survey was interrupted on 31 January because not all of the line-cutting had been completed in the area, and rather than go onto standby for a few days, it was decided to remobilize back to Manitoba. Also, the weather conditions in late January were very bad with unseasonably warm weather and rain causing extremely poor snow conditions. Colder weather returned in early February so the field conditions were greatly improved by 9 February. Productivity was severely hampered in January by soft snow in the bush and slush on Helena Lake. The operator repeatedly broke though into air and water cavities while walking along the survey lines and especially when crossing between lines. Snowmobiles also became bogged in slush. In addition, by late afternoon the wet snow and slush began freezing onto snowshoes, pant legs and snowmobile treads, which caused additional difficulties. Not only did these difficulties reduce Discovery Geophysics Inc. 10 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagIYLF survey productivity, but they also became a safety issue. On one occasion, the operator had to seek shelter and affect survival procedures after breaking through into icy water. The topography of the survey area also effected productivity because lines had to be broken at the northwest shore of Helena Lake due to impassable cliffs. Surveying was carried out on the high ground to the northwest of the cliffs, and then separately over the frozen (i.e. slush) surface of Helena Lake, after a way was found down off the cliffs. The line cutters hadn't chained over these cliffs either, but had established a series of short east-west tie lines on Helena Lake to tie in the rest of the survey grid south of the line breaks. However, in doing this, they made numerous chainage and station transcription errors on pickets, so that the grid became highly irregular and difficult to follow. This further reduced productivity as the operator spent a lot of time trying to figure out the grid and taking repeated UTM locations using a hand-held GPS receiver so that the grid and data could be accurately mapped. The line cutters established the survey grid using an imperial chain and hence the magnetic and VLF-EM survey was carried out using imperial line and station designations: 300 feet between lines and 50 feet between stations. This is of little consequence because the survey grid is located in UTM (NAD83) space using the GPS readings for control, and all subsequent data processing and plotting is carried out in this metric coordinate system. The line spacing and line orientation fluctuations over the survey grid, as displayed on the final survey maps, are real and accurate to within about 10 m. A total of27.24 km of total field magnetics and two-station, 3-component (in phase, quadrature, total field) VLF-EM data were collected on 20 survey lines, the base line and 6 short tie line segments. Details of the survey coverage are listed below in Table 2 and the survey line locations are shown in Figure 3. Discovery Geophysics Inc. ~,Hl,OOQN 2005 - - 200N 4005 - Bl OON 6005 - r -;ZOOS 600s - .... - 4-0OS 1000s - - - .... Pipestone Lake - o NAD83 Scale 1 :12,500 Figure .3 Su rvey Grid Map o 250 500 750 1000 m Helena Lake Property --- King's bay Gold Corp. 12 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MaglVLF Table 2: MagneticIVLF-EM Survey Coverage Line Station Station Total (ft) 600W 5100S to 4400S 775.0 300W 5000S to 4300S 775.0 OE 5800S to 700N 6500.0 300E 5800S to 800N 6600.0 600E 5800S to 700N 6500.0 900E 4500S to 700N 5200.0 1200E 5800S to 700N 6500.0 1500E 5600S to 700N 6300.0 1800E 5300S to SOON 5800.0 2100E 5100S to 700N 5800.0 2400E 4400S to 700N 5100.0 2700E 4550S to 700N 5250.0 3000E 3500S to 700N 4200.0 3300E 3300S to 700N 4000.0 3600E 2700S to 250N 2950.0 3900E 2300S to 450N 2750.0 4200E l700S to 800N 2500.0 4500E 1000S to 800N 1800.0 4800E 400S to 800N 1200.0 5100E ON to 800N 800.0 5400E 200N to 800N 600.0 4700S 1500E to 1800E 300.0 4400S 600W to OE 600.0 3300S 1800E to 2400E 600.0 1400S 3000E to 3300E 300.0 700S 3300E to 3600E 300.0 ON OE to 5200E 5200.0 800N 5l00E to 5400E 300.0 Total 27.24 km DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION Magnetics Data processing begins with the reformatting of the EDA data-dump files from each day's survey into standard XYZ data format (Le. line #, station #, data... ). Diurnal corrections are made automatically during the dumping procedure by combining each day's base station data with the Discovery Geophysics Inc. 13 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagIYLF data from the mobile field instruments. The exact time of each reading on the mobile instrument is correlated with an interpolated base station reading, and then adding or subtracting from a common base station datum. The diurnal corrected magnetic data from each day are then concatenated into a single survey data file and transferred to digital storage for subsequent processing. The magnetic data are copied onto a computer diskette in Appendix C at the back of this report. The final processed magnetic data are shown as a combined line profile, contour and colour image plot of the total magnetic intensity on a corrected grid/topographic base map of the survey area at 1 :5,000 scale (Appendix B - Map 1). The profile amplitude scales and base levels are indicated on the plot. The magnetic data were gridded using a trend-biased gridding routine by defining a rectangular, 10 x 20 m grid cell size with the long dimension rotated to the average trend direction of 0250 azimuth. This appears to be the dominant alignment of the linear magnetic anomalies in the survey area, and is presumably the orientation of the regional structural trend. Trend biasing produces a much cleaner looking magnetic map because magnetic highs and lows connect more smoothly from one line to the next. The grid is contoured and coloured using equal-area colour zoning (i.e. equal amounts of red, yellow, green and blue). VLF-EM The VLF-EM data were band-pass filtered to remove long wavelength signal strength variation and short wavelength random noise. VLF-EM anomalies due to geologic conductors typically have wavelengths of order 30 to 500 metres. Therefore, a time-domain convolution operator (i.e. a linear filter), given by Kanasewich (1981, pp 274-277), was applied to each component along every survey line to remove signals with wavelength less than 30 m or greater than 500 m. This operator is equivalent to a zero-phase, band-pass Butterworth filter with more than 48 db/octave attenuation roll-off. The filtered VLF-EM data are copied onto a computer diskette at the back of this report. The VLF-EM data from the two different transmitter stations are depicted as a line profile plots on two separate topographic base maps at 1:5,000 scale in Appendix B (Map 2a - Cutler, Map 2b - La Moure). Three separate profiles are shown on the plots: total field strength in red, in-phase amplitude of the vertical component in green, and quadrature phase amplitude of the vertical Discoverv Geoohysics Inc. 14 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MafY!2 component in blue, each expressed in percent of the primary field amplitude. The profile amplitude scales are listed on the maps. Interpreted conductors from each data set are also shown on the plots. Finally, all of the interpreted conductors from both transmitter stations are combined together and shown on the magnetic map. INTERPRETATION PROCEDURES Magnetics Areas of anomalous magnetic intensity, displaying both positive and negative anomalies relative to the ambient field strength, are composed of geologic formations with above average magnetite content (e.g. ultramafics, iron formations, etc.). Strong negative anomalies may be caused by reversely polarized or rotated magnetic formations with strong remnant magnetization. Alterna tively, large negative anomalies can be associated with positive anomalies due to the dipolar characteristics of anomalous magnetic fields. Narrow, high-amplitude anomalies are due to magnetic features very close to surface - broad magnetic anomalies indicate deeper burial or more uniform magnetization. Areas of lower magnetic intensity than the ambient field, characterized by broad, low-amplitude, negative total intensity anomalies, could be related to hydrothermal alteration of magnetite to hematite. Geologic contacts or possible faulting can also be inferred from the magnetic colour image along pronounced linear gradients and other discontinuities. VLF-EM The VLF-EM data are interpreted using primarily the stacked profiles. Conductors are located at total field maxima, and in-phase and quadrature cross-overs or inflections. Broad, large amplitude responses are usually identified as possible overburden effects, especially if they are coincident with topographic features such as creek valleys, swamps and ponds. Very weak anomalies, close to the noise level of the data, are also identified as possible conductors, although in many cases they are probably caused by bedrock structures. Definite and probable bedrock conductors have definitive total field maxima with coincident in-phase inflection. Small quadrature response can imply a stronger conductor, but this also depends on overburden effects. Discovery Geophysics Inc. 15 King's Bay Gold Corp_ Helena - MagfYLF The VLF-EM data are interpreted by identifYing anomalous responses from the line profiles (i.e. total field maxima, and in-phase and quadrature inflections), resolving the position of conductors on each survey line from these anomalies, and linking these conductor locations between lines based on the form of the anomalies. The most subjective part of this procedure is the line to line correlation of anomalies and the formation of conductor axes of specific orientation. Differences in the character of the anomalous responses, such as their amplitude and wavelength, or the relative amplitude of the quadrature and in-phase components, can be used to help correlate conductors between lines. However, there may be instances where alternative interpretations are possible or even likely. Linear zones of deep weathering and thick conductive overburden will produce VLF-EM anomalies that resemble anomalies from bedrock conductors. They can sometimes be differentiated because the quadrature component from conductive overburden is commonly large and congruent with the in-phase component, whereas the quadrature component from a bedrock conductor is often weak and sometimes (in the case of a strong conductor beneath conductive cover) reversed with respect to the in-phase component. Topographic ridges will also produce VLF-EM anomalies that resemble the response from bedrock conductors. They can be differentiated by comparing the VLF-EM response to detailed elevation contours: the amplitude and width of the total field profile will tend to mirror the height and width of the ridge. DiscoveIV Geoohvsics Inc. 16 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MaglVLF DISCUSSION OF RESULTS Magnetics The magnetic map displays a pronounced magnetic fonnation that extends across the entire survey area from south-southwest to north-northeast along the western shore of Helena Lake. The magnetic fonnation is possibly a mafic intrusive, but more likely an ultramafic flow or sill Within th~ Pipestone Basalt Fonnation. The magnetic unit is also resistive to weathering as it fonns a prominent ridge along the Helena Lake shoreline. Smaller, less intense and discordant magnetic highs also occur along the western side of the survey grid and may be indicating a zone of dominantly mafic volcanics. The areas on either side of the ultramafic are magnetically quiet and could be indicating the presence of non-magnetic sedimentary formations and/or felsic volcanics: probably sediments as these areas have also been preferentially weathered fonning lakes and low lying swampy ground. A major regional structural break has been mapped immediately to the west of the linear magnetic high: the Helena-Pipestone Fault (also referred to as the Cameron-Pipestone Fault). This regional defonnational shear structure appears to align with the western edge of the magnetic high and is possibly coincident with a pronounced magnetic low. However, the survey lines are almost parallel to this structure, and hence it is not well resolved by the irregular pattern of the magnetic field. VLF-EM Numerous VLF-EM conductors have been interpreted on the Helena Lake grid. Most of these appear to cut across the regional stratigraphic trend in a more east-west orientation, however there is some bias in this orientation because the lines are north-south and there is a natural tendency to connect conductors on adjoining lines by the shortest distance possible directly across the lines. Some of the conductors are sub-parallel to the stratigraphic trend, but almost all of these are categorized as likely topographic and/or overburden features: e.g. under Helena Lake and the swamp between lines 1800E and 3000E at the baseline. The more dominant conductors with the greatest anomalous responses (e.g. the definite and/or probably bedrock conductors in the northwest and southwest comers of the survey grid), are clearly caused by bedrock sources and are Discovert" Geo1Jhvsics Inc. 17 King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - Mag!VLF likely due to cross-cutting structures such as fault or shear zones. The Helena-Pipestone Fault does not appear to have any anomalous VLF-EM response. Some east-west trending conductors appear to extend close to the deformational shear zone from the west, but in only one instance is a conductor interpreted to cross into the shear zone and the magnetic formation to the east: at about 3600S to 3000S on lines 1500E to 2100E. However, this conductor is very weak and likely due to topography. Also, it only appears in the Cutler results. ]t is more pronounced on the eastern side of the magnetic high and may actually be caused by a small fault structure cross-cutting the magnetic rocks. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The magnetic survey over the Helena Lake property has successfully imaged the Pipestone Basalt Formation and the Helena-Pipestone Fault, but has failed to detect any VLF-EM conductors associated with this major, regional shear structure. Definite and probable bedrock conductors have been detected in other parts of the property, particularly in the northwest and southeast comers of the survey grid, which could be due to possible mineralized structures. These cross cutting secondary structures appear to aligned more east-west rather than northeast-southwest parallel to regional trends. Although they do not conform to the primary exploration model on the property, they are excellent targets for follow-up investigation for possible gold mineralization, either by trenching or drilling. A few of the most prominent conductors are listed below in order of priority. 1) Line 300E to 1200E at about 400S 2) Line 300E to 900E at about 3400S 3) Line OE to 600E at 200N to 400N There are many other shorter conductors that produced less-intense, anomalous VLF-EM response, which could also be investigated depending on results from the top priority targets and on other geological and geochemical data from the property. Priority should be given to those designated "definite" bedrock conductors, and the best follow-up method is to drill short, steeply incline holes directly down onto the interpreted conductor location on the survey line and then assay for gold. Discoverv Geoohvsics Inc. 18 King's Bay eJOJd Corp. Helena - MagIVLF It is unfortunate that the magnetic and VLF-EM survey was carried out on north-south lines, because with this line orientation, the primary focus oftne survey, the Helena-Pipestone Fault, was not explored in an exhaustive manner. Better magnetic data and possibly additional VLF-EM conductors might have resulfed'ITom an east-west survey. However, then the east-west conductors resolved from the present survey might not have been detected. A line orientation perpendicular to the main structural trend of interest is usually the optimal method of magnetic and VLF-EM surveymg. . .R~~pectfully submitted, ~~;.:~:.~.I.."~: ,- .... /'. ((~:Jr~\~ . ~ ; \ ,. {' I ( ~." • •:;::;.-.: >.:: ~ :': :~.\ ~\ ~; ) " ' Dennis V. Woods, Ph.D., P.Eng. Consulting Geophysicist REFERENCES: Kanasewich, E.R.: TIme S-equence Analysis tn Geophysics, 3rd Edition, The University of Alberta Press, Edmonton, 1981. Discover, c~ inc. 19 KinS's Bay Gold Corp. Helena - MagIVLF CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFICATIONS: Dennis V. Woods I, Dennis V. Woods of the municipality of Surrey, in the province of British Columbia, hereby certifY as follows: 1. I am a Consulting Geophysicist with an office at 14342 Greencrest Drive, Surrey, B.c., V4P IMl. 2. I hold the following university degrees: Bachelor of Science, Applied Geology, Queen's University, 1973; Master of Science, Applied Geophysics, Queen's University, 1975; Doctor of Philosophy, Geophysics, Australian National University, 1979. 3. I am a registered professional engineer with The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of British Columbia (registration number 15,745), and of the Province of Newfoundland (registration number 03551). 4. I am an active member of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists and the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists. 5. I have practised my profession as a field geologist (1971-1975), a research geoscientist (1974-1986), and a geophysical consultant (1979 to the present). 6. I have no direct interest in King's Bay Gold Corp. or the above described properties and projects, which are the subject of this report, nor do I intend to have any direct interest. Dated at Surrey, in the Province of British Columbia, this 1st day of May, 2005. , .,' :-, ~" . . :~~~#~ --·-QellI1l.s·v. c'-Woods, Ph.D., P.Eng . ... '. ~:.:~ .. , ' : ,'~ Consulting Geophysicist Discovery Geophysics Inc. APPENDIX A Instrument Specifications Scintrex (EDA) Omni Plus VLF\EM\Magnetometer System The OMNI - PLUS is a portable, microprocessor - based magnetometerNLF system which is capable of measuring changes or contrasts detected by two different types of geophysical methods: Magnetic and VLF Electromagnetic. A measurement from both these methods can be read and stored in as little as 4 seconds. The OMNI - PLUS is a multi - purpose instrument designed to operate as: a magnetometer; a combined magnetometerNLF system or a VLF system. The configurations of the magnetometer system are as follows: 1. Tie -line magnetometer. 2. Total field magnetometer. 3. Recording base station magnetometer. 4. Gradiometer. The primary purpose of the system is to: • measure and store the magnitude of the earth's magnetic field independent of it's direction. • measure and record the secondary field components of the primary field from up to three VLF transmitting stations simultaneously. Measurements are obtained by the use of two sensors; a proton precession sensor carried on a pole to measure the magnetometer total field magnitude and; a three-component sensor worn on the back to measure the magnetic component of the VLF secondary field. In addition, probes attached through the VLF circuitry housing are used to measure the electric component of the VLF secondary field. An electronics console is worn on the front of the operator that allows the operator to view and store the collected data in internally protected memory. The data stored is protected by lithium battery, which also powers a real-time clock. Along with the magnetometer and VLF data, the OMNI - PLUS stores the following information: - line number - position number - date and time - direction of travel - statistical error of the magnetometer readings - signal strength and rate of decay of the magnetometer sensor - direction, in degrees, of the primary field in relation to the operator - signal strength and operator quality of the VLF sensor - natural and cultural features OMNI System Specifications Operating environment: -40C to +55C, 0-100% relative humidity; weatherproof Power Supply: Non-magnetic rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery or belt. Battery Life: 1,700 to 5000 readings, for sealed lead acid power supply, depending upon ambient temperature and rate of readings. Weights and Dimensions: Instrument Console - 3.8kg, 122 x 246 x 210 mm VLF Sensor Head - 0.9kg, 140 dia x 130 mm VLF Electronic Module - 1.7 kg, 280 x 190 x 75 mm Standard Rechargeable Battery: 1.8 kg, 138 x 95 x 75 mm. Magnetometer Sensor: 1.2 kg, 56 mm dia, 200mm. Gradient Sensor: (0.5m separation - standard) 2.1 kg, 56mm dia, 790mm. Gradient Sensor: (1.0m separation - optional) 2.2 kg, 56mm dia, 1300mm. Custom designed, rugged liquid crystal display with an operating temperature range from -40C to +55C. The display contains six numeric digits, decimal point, battery status monitor, signal decay rate and signal amplitude monitor and function descriptors. Magnetometer Component Specifications: Dynamic Range 18,000 to 110,000 gammas. Roll-over display features suppresses first significant digit upon exceeding 100,000 gammas. Tuning Method Tuning value is calculated accurately using a specially developed tuning algorithm. Automatic Fine Tuning ±15% relative to ambient field strength oflast stored value. Display Resolution 0.1 gamma. Statistical Error Resolution 0.01 gammas. Absolute Accuracy ±l gamma at 50,000 gammas at 23C ±2 gamma over total temperature. Memory Capacity Standard Memory Capacity 1300 data blocks (48K) or 5200 data blocks (128K). Total Field or Gradient 100 data blocks. Base Station 4000 data blocks (48K) or 16,000 data blocks (128K) RS-232C Serial 1/0 Interface Variable baud rate from 300 to 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 2 stop bits, no parity. - Gradient Tolerance 6000 gammas per metre (field proven). - Sensor Optimized miniature design. Magnetic cleanliness is consistent with the specified absolute accuracy. - Gradient Sensors 0.5 metre sensor separation (standard) normalized to gammas/metre. Optional 1.0 metre sensor separation available. - Sensor Cable Remains flexible in temperature range specified including strain relief connector - Cycling time (Base Station) Programmable from 5 seconds up to 60 minutes in 1 second increments. VLF Component Specifications - Frequency Tuning Range 15 to 30 kHz in 100 Hz increments with bandwidth of 150 Hz. - Transmitting Stations Up to 3 stations can be automatically measured at any given grid location within the frequency tuning range. - Recorded VLF Magnetic Parameters Vertical in-phase, vertical quadrature (out-of-phase), total field strength (or optional horizontal amplitude), dip angle. - Channel Separation 80 dB at 600 Hz frequency separation. - Standard Memory Capacity 1300 combined VLF magnetic and VLF electric measurements as well as gradiometer and magnetometer readings. APPENDIXB Data Plots and Maps w w 0 .>JilL a0 a 0 / . >lIL m- "'m W ~ 0 .. "'.. / 0 w W --''" 0 w 0 w w 800N - 0 0 0 w ~ OJ 0 0 0 W 0 0 0 N- .. "- 0 0 N - N --' 600N - I , --' --' "" "" 400N - " 200N - BL OON 400N 200S - 200N 400S - OON w 0 6005 - 0 200S '" .. --' --''" 8005 - - 600S 10005 - - 800S 12005 - - 1000S 1 - 1200S . - 14005 18005 - 59080 20005 - 58966 58856 2200S - 5876B 58691 - 20005 24005 - 22005 26005 24005 30005 - w 0 0 "" w 0 --'"" 57835 0 0 57792 --'"" - 38005 57748 57713 57619 57570 - 42005 - 46005 - 5000S o o'" - 52005 --'"" w o - 54005 L 56005- o --' OJ - 56005 --' 58005 - - 58005 DISCOVERY GEOPHYSICS IN C. KING 'S BAY GOLD CORP TOTAL MAGNETI C INTE NS ITY Scale: 1:5 . 000 PROFI LES. CONTOURS and COLOUR GRID 4 Hardrock Rd . • Box 1687 . Lac du Bonnet. MB ROE 1AO HE LENA LAKE PR OJECT Date: Feb 2005 lei: (204) 345-9010 fax: (204) 345- 9066 Instrument: EDA Omni Plus Mag/VLF email: . netwebsite: wwwdiscogeo.com MAGNETIC AND VLF-EM SURVEY Surveyed By: TIm Kulchyski Map No . 1 W ' W o . 0 :5 o 0 0 '". o · ~. '" W '"~ '"~ . ~ 0 .. 0 w III '" 0 w 0 w W --' 0 0 0 0 W W 800N _ 0'" 0 W ., 0 N 0 g 0 0 W ~ 0> ~ 0 0 --' ~ . 0 0 --' "' '" ... "- 0 --' --' --' N 600N - --''" --' --''" --''" 400N - 200N - BL OON 400N 2005 - ~ 200N 4005 - BL DON w g 6005 - ... - 2005 "' 8005 - 5 , 440,500N• - 6005 10005 - - 800S 12005 - - 10005 - 12005 VlF-EM Field Direction - 14005 18005 - 20005 - 22005 - --' - 20005 24005 - 5,440,oooN 26005 28005 ~ .'.'.'.'.'. ' 30005 - .. g '" ow --' o o --''" - 38005 - 40005 Definite Bedrock - 42005 Probable Bedrock c9rii ·~ .~.C't9t o Possible ConducitQf. (Overburden T/>i)O£#¢it1t ....: .... : .... ,.. w ...g ~ '" - 4800S --''" --' - 50005 52005 - ,. g 54005 _ - 5200S --''" w o - 54005 2 --' - 56005 --' 5.4-'9. 58005 - - 58005 • !"lcale 1 --' DISCOVERY GEOPHYSICS INC. KING'S BAY GOLD CORP FILTERED VLF PROFILES - CUTLER (24. OkHz) Scale: 1:5,000 IN -PHASE, QUADRATURE, TOTAL FIELD 4 Hordrock Rd., Box 1687, Lac du Bonnet, MB ROE lAO HELENA LAKE PROJECT Date: Feb 2005 tel: (204) 345-9010 fox: (204) 345-9066 Instrument: EDA Omni Plus Mag/VLF email: discogeo@mts. net website: www.discogeo.com MAGNETIC AND VLF-EM SURVEY Surveyed By: Tim Kulchyski Map No. 20 ~ 8 a . m m W v v 0 '" '" 0 w i 400N - 200N - BL OON - 400N 2005 - - 200N 4005 - BL OON w o 6005 - o ~ - 2005 ..J '" -''" 5 , 440,SOON 8005 - - 6005 10005 - - 8005 12005 - - 10005 1 - 12005 VLF- EM Field Direction 14005 18005 - 20005 - 22005 - - 20005 24005 - 440,QOON 26005 - 24005 w o ..,o ow -''" o o ..J"' - 38005 - 40005 Definite Bedrock - 42005 Probable Bedrock C¢:riC:I~<;IQ.i- o Possible Conducl:Gf (Overburden w w - 46005 o o ~ R N N - 48005 ..J ..J 52005 _ - 50005 54005 - - 52005 w N o - 54005 L 5600S- o ..J ~~; DISCOVERY GEOPHYSICS INC. KING'S BAY GOLD CORP FILTERED VLF PROFILES - LAMO URE (25. 2kHz) Scale: 1 :5 • 000 IN-PHASE. QUADRATURE. TOTAL FIELD 4 Hardrock Rd .• Box 1687. Lac du Bonnet. MB ROE lAO HELENA LAKE PROJECT Date: Feb 2005 tel: (204) 345-9010 fox: (204) 345-9066 Instrument: EDA Omni Plus Mag/VLF email: [email protected] website: www.discogeo.com MAGNETIC AND VLF SURVEY Surveyed By: Tim Kulchyski Map No. 2b Production Notes King's Bay Gold Corp. Helena Lake and Dash Lake Projects Nestor FaUs, Ontario 25 January -11 February,2005 2 Ij\ ."ri .;.. iYl 5 9 Tuesday, 25 Jan 2005: Travel Day Made preparations for the survey, including repairs to vehicles and snow machine, checking out geophysics gear and packing. Drove from Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba to Nestor Falls, Ontario. Check in with Luke Gagnon and obtain grid infonnation and location. Crew: Tim Kulchyski Wednesday, 26 Jan 2005: Helena Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutier & La Moure) - 6.4 km The early morning was spent getting gear together and getting organized to follow the line cutters in so as to use their radio for truck control on the logging road. It is a 17 km drive by truck dO\\TI the logging road and again as much by skidoo to get to the grid. Set up magnetic base station at the road/skidoo trail junction at UTM NAD83 445,348E 5,445,304N. Used the skidoo to get to baseline ON at 600E and got Luke to take skidoo to camp at about line 1800E at 3300S. Started to survey baseline ON from OE. Snowshoes broke in the deep snow at about BL 0 at 1000E. Abandoned show shoes and kept on surveying. The snow was thigh deep in places. The grid has steep hills. Came to Helena Lake at about 3400E. The lake had slush from ankle deep to boot deep. Found one of my boots had hole in it. Surveyed to end of the baseline and 100 feet further on to shore to 5200E. Surveyed north on line 5400E and then surveyed the tie line at 800N to 5100E \vhere it ended. Continued surveying south on the odd numbered lines and north on even numbered lines. At about 3 pm the shush was too deep so I walked until I found the base camp and got my spare snow shoes from my skidoo. I had lunch then and then went back to sun·eying. After I finished line 3600E I realized I did not have enough time to finish 3300E before dark so I surveyed tie line 700S from 3600E to 3300E and started to survey 3300E to the south. Line 3300E has a gap of a few hundred feet due to cliffs at the edge of the lake. I surveyed to about 2500S on 3300E when I fell into an air hole (second one today). My snowshoes became ice and my pants were stiff \vith ice so I sun;eyed to 2700S where my path to the base camp crossed the line and I called it a day. Made it back to Nestor Falls by 7:30 pm. Crew: Tim Kulchyski Thursday, 27 Jan 2005: Helena Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutier & La Moure) - 2.6 km Luke was trying to get his chain saw repaired and so we got off to a later start. I can't go out on my m\TI as logging trucks use the Pipestone Lake Road and it is very narrow. Luke has a radio with the correct frequency and so I follow him out Today I drove out in his truck to save gas. We got to the camp at about llam and I walked off to start surveying. I finished line 3300E on the lake and worked north on 3000E to the lakeshore. I walked back to the baseline, climbed up the steep cliffs, and then finished off lines 3300E and 3000E north of the cliffs. I worked 2700E going south. over the cliffs to the lake. There was a chainage error on the line in that there was no station 1700S. After wallowing around in the deep snow on the cliffs I was played out when I reached the lake so I stopped surveying and walked to the tent and got the snowmobile and re broke a few of the lines that were on the lake so that the slush would freeze overnight. Luke was ready to go at 4:30 so that he could check up on his chain saw. The snow is deep on the lines. Line 2700E was cut by someone not wearing snowshoes and that made the going very difficult. It is difficult to go between lines even though the distance is only 300 feet. Cre\v: Tim Kulchyski 2 Friday, 28 Jan 2005: Helena Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutler & La Moure) - 4,8 km It was a warm blustery day. I rode in with Luke and Larry to save on gas and we arrived to the skidoos in good time. I set up the base station while Larry and Luke left and then I caught up with them and followed them in. Started to work in the freezing rain and then worked through driving snow. The slush was frozen where I had driven the skidoo through the night before so for the first two lines the going was easy. Continued the practice of going north on the even numbered lines and south on the odd numbered lines because if I have to pick up orphan lines I will remember the orientation easier. The tie lines do not match the baseline. I think this is due to a chainage error on the line that the tie line was turned off. Line 2700E had some wonky pickets on the lake but as all of these are being removed at the end ofthe survey I didn't note them. I just continued surveying to the south incrementing 100 feet per picket. Line 2400E had two 2300S pickets. I took GPS readings of both. In the data, the line goes from 4300S to 2200S and 2300S to 700N. The 2200S & 2300S (the end of the first part and the beginning of the other) are the same station. So really the line should have gone from 700N to 4400S (100 feet further), Line 21 OOE has 2950S ending on a cliff so the data reads from 700N to 2950S. The line picks up about 100 feet further south stating at 29OOS. So it reads from 2900S to 5100S. I took GPS readings at these points. Line 1800E has no station 3900S. So in the data, it reads from 5300S to 3300S. This line was started from a tie line at 3200S so it should read from 5200S to 3200S. I didn't make any changes in the Omni as I thought it might be easier to edit the whole line rather than try to find where I had made changes. I will survey the tie line from 1800E to 2400E tomorrow. I will pick up line 1800E at 2900S and continue surveying south tomorrow. By 3 pm the line cutters were drenched with the warm weather melting the snow on them and so was I. We called it a day and headed back to Nestor Falls at about 4:00 pm Crew: Tim Kulchyski Saturday, 29 Jan 2005: Helena Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutler & La Moure) - 4.1 km Luke was moving a crew member out of the bush so I gave Luke a ride in on my snow machine. Due to the line cutters packing we got off to a late start. Line 1800E had a 200 foot chainage error and I had to climb up and down a cliff to make sure I had the correct station numbers. Going from the north to the south the stations go 2600S, 2700S, 2600S, 2700S, 2800S & 2900S. So the second 2600S is really 2800S and 2900S is really 3100S. I took GPS readings at these points. It is just my impression but it also seems that line 1200E is wonky. As a check, I took GPS points throughout this line. At the end of the day one of Luke's snowmobiles broke down and I had to use my machine to help them get out of the bush. It was alate day. Crew: Tim Kulchyski Sunday, 30 Jan 2005: Helena Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutler & La Moure) - 2.3 km We were late getting going in the morning and then spent time fixing Luke's skidoo. I fell into air holes twice and had to wring my socks and boots out both times. My snowshoes were sticky ",ith slush and it was above freezing so the snow was sticky and wet. I was totally soaked and quit early rather than working until dark. Crew: Tim Kulchyski Monday, 31 Jan 2005: Travel Day Only about 7 km left on the Helena Lake grid (i.e. one day's survey), then on to the Dash Lake grid, which should only take two days. But the line cutters need another three or four days to finish cutting the Dash Lake grid. Rather than going on standby tomorrow when North Dakota is down, and then more standby while the line cutters finish, I called Dennis and got the OK to head back to Lac du Bonnet to wait until the Dash Lake grid is finished before returning to complete the job. Drove from Nestor Falls to Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba Crew: Tim Kulchyski 3 Tuesday, 8 Feb 2005: Travel Day Drove from Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba to Nestor Falls, Ontario. Crew: Tim Kulchyski Wednesday, 9 Feb 2005: Helena Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutler & La Moure) - 7.1 km Most of these lines had lake on them, and the slush had come up and frozen and the going was easy for the most part. At the end of the day the snowmobile broke and we didn't get home until late. I noticed the throttle sticking in the afternoon, but it didn't stay stuck very long so I was ignoring the problem and hoping that there was an ice build up that would go away when the engine was warm. I was following Denis out and making sure none of his gear fell out of the sleigh. We came to the part of the trail where the trail leaves the lake and bush and comes onto a logging road. Going up the bank requires full throttle and when I did this the throttle stuck in the open position the machine shot over the embankment and threatened to roll down the other side. The machine nose-dived into a ditch. I went in up to my knees in water and waist deep snow. I struggled to get the machine out of the water and when I had done so I noticed my feet were freezing. I couldn't get the machine back up the embankment as I was too weak to do so. I stopped to make a fire to dry out and warm up. While I was gathering material for the fire Denis came back. He helped me with the fire and wrung out my insoles. He helped me get the machine on the trail. I took off like a rocket with the broken throttle cable, so I used the brake to slow it do\vTI. I made it to the truck around 6 pm. Crew: Tim Kulchyski Thursday, 10 Feb 2005: Dash Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutler & La Moure) - 6.9 km Because of my ill health and the remoteness of the grid, I took Denis Mercier (one of the line cutters on loan from King's Bay) out with me as a safety measure. Trained Denis to use the Onmi Plus as \ve surveyed the baseline together. Thereafter Tim surveyed the odd numbered lines going south and Denis surveyed the even numbered lines going north, with Tim following beside to check for quality control. Finished at 4:30 pm in a blinding snow-storm. Crew: Tim Kulchyski and Denis Mercier Friday, 11 Feb 2005: Dash Lake Grid - MagneticsNLF-EM (Cutler & La Moure) - 6.1 km All lines at the south end of the grid were turned from baseline ON. Line 900W was particularly difficult to do as the map given stated that this was a continuous line from 800N to 21 OOS. In fact when I started to survey the line from 2100S going to the north I found myself at a steep cliff after 200 feet. The line ended at 1900S and I couldn't pick up the line until 1200S. This took some time to find. Also, station 200N was missed and so the line really only went to 700N. At 550N I came to an impossible hill that was not really cut, just a trail up one side and a picket at an approximate point. Rather than risk the instrument for only 150 feet of data I skipped this area. Tim did lines 900W, 600W & 300E. Denis did lines 300W, 0, 600E & 900B. Tim drove home at the end of the day. Crew: Tim Kulchyski and Denis Mercier APPENDIXC Digital Data on Diskette