EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research ISSN: 2208-2158

Assessment of Biodiversity Conservation & Restoration of Khajjiar Wetland, Chamba

(H.P)

Pawan K. Attri Institute of Integrated Himalayan Studies (UGC-centre of excellence) H. P. University Summerhill, Shimla, (H.P) [email protected]

Abstract: The present study was undertaken from 2009 to 2011 in order to understand the current status of wetlands in district Chamba. The study was conducted in Khajjiar wetland and its catchments area for biodiversity. Repeated visits were made to the field to record the flora and vegetation of the area. In India, majority of the wetlands are badly affected and some of them are even highly threatened or on the verge of extinction mainly due to anthropogenic interventions. The remaining wetlands also threatened by air and water pollutants, and hydrologic alterations. Natural wetlands in India consist of high altitude Himalayan lakes. According to International importance, there are 25 Ramsar sites in India out of them 3 wetlands in the State of have been declared as wetlands of international importance. The Khajjiar wetland is one of important lake although it is not an international importance. It is important because of socio-cultural and ecological values and services it provides. Presently lake is under threat due to anthropogenic pressures. The problem is further accentuated because of loss of water quality data, ecological services, information etc. Thus it is necessary to reclaim and develop the wetlands for its optimum potential use, for this a reliable and accurate data base is required. Therefore, present study endeavour aimed to generate data base in terms of socio-cultural and ecological aspects i.e. physical aspects / land use, extent of water spread and its water quality, vegetation status of catchments area and surrounding of lake and to determine the importance of these wetlands for the local people and to give an indication of the distribution of the benefits among various stakeholders. Keywords: Khajjiar Wetland, Chamba, Biodiversity, Himachal

Introduction essential habitat for numerous threatened Wetland constitutes a resource of and endangered species of flora and fauna. great economic, cultural, scientific and Wetlands are areas covered by water some recreational value to human life and is an or all the time. Wetlands may not always

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be flooded but are covered by water at Suklana lake , a man made wetland in least for a few days during different Chandigarh. Most of these lakes lost their seasons. Water usually moves very slowly water-holding capacity in just two through wetlands, which is an important decades. Eutrophication and weed factor to consider as it affects their infestation also threaten many wetlands in functions. The chemistry and hydrology of India. the water are the most important factors Himachal Pradesh is a captivating that determine the nature of wetland soil region of the Indian . It has development and which kinds of plants dozens of large and small lakes spread and animals live in the area. . A wetland is over the state. The state has a one percent an area of land whose soil is saturated with area cover by lakes (HPSCST&E,2000). moisture either permanently of seasonally. Wetlands occupy approximately 1.77% of Such areas may also be covered partially the total area of Himachal Pradesh. There or completely by shallow pools of water. is limited information on the wetlands of Under the Ramsar convention wetlands are H.P. in terms of their status, water supply defined as “areas of marsh , fen, peatland and management conservation plans. No or water, whether natural or artificial, systematic work has been carried out in the permanent or temporary, with water that is state. Some of these wetlands are static or flowing , fresh, brackish or salty extensively explored but most of them still including areas of marine water the depth unknown. With increasing human pressure of which at low tide does not exceed six and prevalent underlying causes, these meters”. Globally, a majority of the wetlands are under increasing pressure. wetlands are badly affected and some of Therefore, integrated studies of Individual them are even highly threatened or on the wetlands are necessary to know their status verge of extinction mainly due to for their monitoring and conservation. anthropogenic interventions. The Wetlands management therefore requires remaining wetlands are also threatened by planning, system standardization, air and water pollutants, and hydrologic implementation, impact assessment and alterations. In India, approximately one monitoring. The wetland ecosystems did third of Wullar lake of Kashmir is not receive deserved attention from the degraded due to siltation and planners, although such systems have encroachment, which have also affected potential for high biological activity until may other lakes in India especially Chilka the Ramsar Convection of IUCN held in lake in Orissa, Kolleru Lake (Andhra) and 1971. In the recent years anthropogenic

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pressure has created an ecological imbalance to a great extent. It is therefore necessary to reclaim and develop this lake for their optimum potential use, but at present a reliable and accurate wetland data is not available. This study has been base line information is generated about spatial distribution of vegetation in and surrounding of lakes by using field survey, GPS for physical verification and water analysis for quality of lake water. Description of Study area Map of Study Area At an altitude of 1983 metres with Latitude Methodology & Longitude: N 32° 32′ 50° 00′′ and E 76° The present study was undertaken 03′ 34° 00′′, and Circumference/Area, from 2009 to 2011 in order to understand 605.4 m / 30592 m2 in district Chamba 16 the current status of wetlands in district k.m. from Dalhousue and 25 k.m. from Chamba. The study was conducted in Chamba. Khajjiar has thick forest of the Khajjiar Lakes. Repeated visits were made Kalatope sanctuary surrounding its soft to the field to record the flora and green grass. In the centre of a grassy vegetation of the area. Suitable ecological meadow, it is 1.5 km long and 1 km wide, methods following various authors were and surrounded by cedar forest, a small used to study the flora of the area. Based lake, called the Kund, that forms the centre on field survey of lake and its surrounding piece of Khajjiar. Khajjiar is known as area for its vegetation, physical parameters 'Mini Switzerland'. The average depth of were studied by use of GPS and water the lake is sitated to be thirteen feet as per quality of lake was also studied. Secondary District Gazetteer. data was also used for analysis. Results & Discussion Physical features: Fed by tiny streams, this small lake lies at in the centre of large Khajjiar glade. The glade and the lake are held sacred to Khajjinag- after whom the place is named. Dense conifer and broad

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leaved forests cover the steep mountain formally and officially declared Khajjiar as slopes around this lake. This lake remains 'mini Switzerland'. The sign board also full of water in all seasons. It requires no indicates the actual distance from the rain water for survival. For a close view, it Swiss capital Berne upto Khajjiar as 6194. has been made accessible with the help of Blazer as per tradition of his country had a wooden bridge. A tiny island covered taken a stone from Khajjiar which was with reeds, keep floating to divine reasons. made a part of stone sculpture installed The climate is tempreate with well defined opposite the Parliament mansion in Berne. seasons. However, there may be variations Places allover the world similar to because of micro-climatic systems Switzerland in respect of geographical and depending upon altitude and mountain topographical traits and scenic elegance aspect. The winters last from December to are named after it. Hence Khajjiar became February. March and April generally the 160th tourist spot in the world to remain cool and dry but snowfall does christened mini Switzerland. occur at higher elevations during these The Architecture of the original months. The temperature begins to rise wooden temple of Khaji Naag dated of rapidly from the middle of April till last back to the period earlier to 12th Century week of June or first week of July when A.D. in thw 16th Century A.D. Raja bal monsoon breaks-in. Monsoon continues Balbhasra Barman elected wooden till the end of August or mid September. Panowas ststurs. This temple is renovated During the monsoon, the weather remains by batlu the religious nurse of Raja Prithvi misty, humid and cloudy. October and Singh in 17th century A.D. In the mandapa November are comparatively dry but cold. of the temple one can see the images of the Historical and Cultural Background: Pandavas and the defeated Kaurvas This is the magical paradise called hanging from the roof of the 'Khajjiar Lake'. A temple dedicated to circumambulatory path. For the local 'Khajjiar Nag' is also located there. It lies people this lake holds sacredness and they in a depression formed by ancient believe that it is unfathomable. The lake glaciations. It was christened mini takes its name from Khajji Nag, the deity Switzerland by Swiss Envoy Willy P. in the temple nearby. Blazer on 7th July 1992, and was put on Local Human Population: world map. In the presence of Indian Large number of peoples residing in the officials P. Blazer put up a yellow Swiss vicinity of Lake. Literacy rate is poor, they hiking footpath sign toward which mainly involved in vegetable farming and

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rearing sheep goats. Males are involved in total suspended solids in the lake water horse rearing for providing horse riding increases. Alkalinity is 50, a measure of around the lake to the visitor. bicarbonates, carbonates and hydrates. Fluctuation in Alkalinity damages the Visitor and Visitor Facilities: aquatic environment. This also alters the Thousands of tourists visit this pH of the water, which leads to the death place every year. To make it a major of aquatic biota. Dissolve oxygen was tourist attraction, state government has observed above 4 mg/L in all the study started its beautification plan. Khajjiar is sites. The level of dissolve oxygen ranged often referred to as "Gulmarg of Himachal between 8.9 to 10.5 mg/L. The Pradesh". There is a small lake in the concentration of dissolves oxygen center of the saucer shaped meadow which decreases with increase in temperature has in it a floating island. Much of the lake Matcaff and Eddy, 1979, also made same has degenerated into slush because of observations. Low concentration of DO heavy silting during rains. Still the indicates the presence of organic matter in landscape of Khajjiar is picturesque and a water. With high organic load, dissolve photographer's delight. oxygen is consumed rapidly during the Physical Characteristics of water: The putrifaction of organic substances average pH observed during the study contained in the lakebed. If vertical mixing period for different sites was 7.35. of water is insufficient due to stratification, Hydrogen ion concentration below 4.5 and oxygen dissolves on the surface of water above 9 is particularly injuries and from the atmospheric air can’t reach the unproductive. Besides being toxic to the bottom. In addition poor clarity of water, aquatic life they react with the natural weakens sufficient penetration of the sun alkalinity of the water there by increasing bim and significantly photosynthetic the carbonate hardness and thus rendering reaction in the bottom water layer. Under it unfit for further use. Electrical these conditions the DO in the bottom conductivity (EC) 75.0 is dependent on water will decrease ultimately leading 0- temperature of the water and it increases oxygen state. As a result aquatic fauna in with increase in temperature. EC is a direct that area is seriously affected. Biological indicator of total dissolved Oxygen Demand (BOD) is 0.7, demand Table:1. Water quality of lake: of water has been a quantity related to the ions in water. Total suspended solid amount of water present in water sample, (TSS) is 0.1, with the increase in turbidity BOD indicates the amount of dissolve

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Sr. No. Parameters Values

1. pH 7.45 2. Electrical Conductivity µmhocm-1 --- 3. Total suspended solids, mg/l ---- 4. Total alkalinity mg/l 150 5. Dissolve oxygen (DO) mg/l 3.6 6. BOD, mg/l 1.9 7. COD, mg/l 4.75 8. Turbidity NTU 153.9

9. NH3-M 0.051 10. Silicates 93.3 oxygen used up during the oxidation of Water temperature in lake varied oxygen demanding waste. It could be from 4.0 to 10.0oC. During the summer, found out incubating a sample of water for and a decline in water temperature was 5 days at 200C. Increase in BOD indicates recorded in the winter season. Increase in higher organic matter contents in the lake temperature accelerates the biodegradation water sample. Chemical Oxygen Demand of the organic matter, both in bottom (COD) is 1.75 The minimum of COD deposits and over lying water. This loading is insignification to cause any enhances the BOD level. Some aquatic adverse impacts on water quality. COD fauna remain active in near 00C values were found to be very low temperature which is present in streams of indicating absence of organic pollution the lesser and greater Himalayas during load. Turbidity is zero Clear ponds with Dec and Jan. Water temperature also less than 25 ppm turbidity have 12-8 times regulates species composition, metabolism more plankton and 5.5 times more fish and reproduction of essentially production than ponds with a turbidity pikilothermic aquatic life. It influences exceeding 100 ppm (Prabbakar, 2000). water quality. At higher temperature The increased silt in the lake increased oxygen becomes less soluble and in order turbidity and reduces the oxygen intake in to cope with biodegradation, results in the water leading to impact on all life in oxygen depletion. Dissolve oxygen has the lake. been a fundamental requirement of life for the plant and animal population. Their

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survival is dependent upon the availability triplinervis, of water to maintain certain minimal 4. Arisaema Araceae consideration. The disappearance of plant intermedium and animal life is an obvious result of the 5. Arisaema Araceae oxygen depletion. jacqemontii Floral Diversity 6. Begonia picta Begoniaceae The floristic composition of this 7. Berberis aristata Berberidaceae area varies from chil pine(Pinus 8. Bergenia ciliata Saxifragaceae roxburghii) with a mixture of ban oak in 9. Cedrus deodara Coniferae the lower zone to pure deodar in the 10. Cotoneaster Rosaceae middle reaches with culminates in to microphyllus mixed crop of deodar( Cedrus deodara) , 11. Dioscorea Dioscoreaceae fir (Abies pindrow), and spruce (Picea bulbifera smithiana) species with some alpine 12. Erigeron Asteraceae pasture towards Dainkund area. bellidioides Undergrowth in the forest is well 13. Fragaria indica Rosaceae developed, dense in places with a good 14. Gerardiana Urticaceae cover of grass. With its alluring charm, diversifolia soothing quietness and abundant natural 15. Hedychium Hedychium beauty, Khajjiar can be made more spicatum, spicatum attractive. Pastures land for grazing, 16. Indigofera Leguminosae number of wild and medicinal plants are heterantha found to be here(Table:2). 17. Malaxis Orchidaceae Table:2. Floral Diversity around muscifera Wetland & its catchment’s area 18. Myrsine Myrsinaceae S. Scientific name Family Africana, No 19. Nasturtium Brassicaceae . officinale 1. Achyranthes Amaranthaceae 20. Persea duthiei Lauraceae aspera, 21. Persicaria Polygonaceae 2. Acorus Acoraceae capitata calamus, 22. Picea smithiana, Pinaceae 3. Anaphalis Asteraceae 23. Pilea scripta Urticaceae

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24. Pinus Pinaceae 43. Uritica Urticaceae roxburghii, parviflora 25. Podophyllum Berberidaceae 44. Urtica dioica Urticaceae hexandrum, 45. Valeriana Valerianaceae 26. Prinsepia utilis Rosaceae jatamansi 27. Pteracanthus Acanthaceae 46. Verbascum Scrophulariacea urticifolius thapsus, e 28. Quercus incana Cupuliferae 47. Viburnum Caprifoliaceae 29. Quercus Fagaceae erubescens leucotrichophor 48. Viola canescens, Violaceae a 49. Zanthoxyllum Rutaceae 30. Rhododendron Ericaceae armatum, arboreum 31. Rosa moschata Rosaceae Faunal Diversity around Wetland & its 32. Rubia Rubiaceae catchment’s area: Leopard, Himalayan cordifolia, Fox, Black bear, Goral, Hanuman Langur 33. Rubus ellipticus Rosaceae , Rhesus monkey, Himalayan Weasel, 34. Rubus niveus Rosaceae Serow. Birds: Black Eagle, Himalayan 35. Rumex Polygonaceae Monal, Kalij Pheasant, Koklass Pheasant, napalensis wedge –tailed Green Pigeon, Asian Barred 36. Sarcococca Buxaceae Owlet, Grey Headed Woodpacker, etc. saligna Butterflies: Papilio protenor protenor, 37. Solanum Solanaceae Papilio polyctor polyctor, Parnassius nigrum, hardwickei hardwickei, Pieris canidia 38. Solanum Solanaceae indica, Gonepteryx rhamni nepalenasis xanthocarpum, etc.( Source: Kalatop - Khajjiar Wildlife 39. Sorbaria Rosaceae Sanctuary –Animal life at a glance, ZSI, tomentosa Solan) (Table :3) 40. Taraxacum Asteraceae Conservation value: officinale, Lake and its surrounding land are 41. Thymus Lamiaceae constantly under threat from weeds. linearis, Increasing Pressure of solid waste residues 42. Trifolium repens Leguminosae left out by visitors. Large number tourists

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come from Punjab every weekend to this of members of various departments under site. They left out solid waste materials the chairmanship of the Deputy and also cause sound and vehicular Commissioner of Chamba.No pollution all over the area. Water quality management plan is prepared or approved of lake is also detourious due to by Government. In December 1984. eutrification. Large numbers of animal Protection of this lake presents little herds are grazing over the year in this difficulty given the high altitude, provided ground which causes water pollution. that adequate manpower is made available. Horse riding over a year is around also Despite various studies and solutions another reason for water pollution. worked out by experts in the past two Conservation Management: decades, little has been done for the The Khajjiar Eco-tourism Society upkeep and beautification of the famous with the Conservator of Forests (Wildlife), Khajjiar lake here. An effort was made in North Zone, Dharamsala, as its Chairman the early ’80s to desilt the lake after was established in 2002 but no pragmatic pumping out its water. The project solution to resolve the problem has so far registered only a moderate success since been found. The lake, the centre of organic matter kept choking the pumping attraction, has to be cleared of weeds and equipment. Only some silt from the silt. Wet dredging is the answer, say periphery could be removed. In view of experts. A horse-riding circular road needs the conjectures that water stagnation in the a drain to take the rain water out of the lake is due to the impermeability "bowl". The gullies need to be filled. The developed by the filling up of joints and grazing rights of the local people have to cracks in igneous rocks of this area, they be curtailed. For this, they will have to be suggested that upper-forested slopes be adequately compensated and given channelised, the northern slopes be alternative pastures. According to official terraced and protected by a retaining wall sources, to curb unwarranted and unruly and the hydrophytes in the lake be activities in the ambient of Khajjiar lake, manually removed. Mechanical cutting of this beauty spot has been designated as "a weeds below surface and removal, special development area" under the Town draining out of dirty water, construction of and Country Planning Act and to look after a pucca drainage channel around the outer the cleanliness and development of periphery of the lake and a small stonewall Khajjiar, a body called, "the Khajjiar to avoid the entry of material and a Development Board" has been constituted physiographic map of the lake by the

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Geological Survey of India were among Literature cited the suggestions made. Chemical control of Agrawal, H. O. and Thakur, R. S..Analysis weeds by standardisation of dose etc was of some lake ecosystems of Himachal also suggested. A proposal for relocation Pradesh with special reference to their and extinguishing of the grazing rights of conservation and management. Final people was prepared in 1993. Two courses Technical Report MAB Research of action were suggested — to close the Project No. 20/32/81 135pp. Submitted area to graziers for 30 years provided that to Ministry of Environment and forest, an alternative grazing site is earmarked Govt. of India, New Delhi. and, secondly, to acquire rights of the 1987Anonymous,. Directory of Indian people while providing an alternative Wetlands. World Wildlife Federation, common pasture. The closest, viable New Delhi.1993. alternative grazing site was found in the Chauhan Ramesh, Singh Room . Cultural Jhurdu forests 6 km away. It was proposed impact on fish fauna of Rewalsar lake. to divert the main water stream, desilt the Uttar Praesh J.Zool. 6(1) 64-68, 1986. lake and provide drainage on the main Chauhan Ramesh, Singh Room.. Energy road, formation of a small earthen bund contents of fresh water sponges in around the periphery to diver the water Rewalsar lake, Himachal Pradesh. from nullah and meadow catchment. For Uttar Pradesh J.Zool. 6(2) 261-263, the overall development of this area, it is 1986. envisaged to de-weed the lake, divert the Chauhan, Singh. Response of diatoms to water of small nullahs feeding the lake, water quality in Rewalsar lake of control silt and develop the meadows from Himachal Pradesh. Poll. Res. 8: 53-58. the tourists point of view. It is proposed to 1986. fence the lake so that soil disturbance in its Chopra, R. The State of India’s immediate periphery is halted. Manual Environment. Ambassador Press, New removal of floating islets of vegetation in Delhi. 1985. the lake is also mooted. Choudhury, B.C. Conserving wetlands: Corresponding Author: emerging scenario. pp. 131-138. In: A. Dr. Pawan K. ATTRI Bhardwaj, R. Badola &B. M. Rathore Institute of Integrated Himalayan Studies, (UGC-Centre of Excellence) (eds.) Proceedings of the workshop on Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, the‘ Conserving Biodiversity in the Shimla-5 (H.P.) India [email protected] 21stCentury,through Integrated

Conservation and Development

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Planning on a Regional Scale’. Mehta, H.S. and Mattu, V.K and LBSNA Mussorie and WII S.K.Thakur (2002) Orthopteran Dehradun.2000. diversity of Kalatop-Khajjiar wildlife Das K., Haake Geochemistry of Rewalsar sanctuary, , Himachal lake sediment, Lesser Himalayas, Pradesh, India. Bionotes, 4(3):60. India: implications for source area Pandey, S. The birds of Pong Dam Lake weathering, provenance and tectonic Sanctuary. Tiger Paper 16(2): 20-26. setting . Geosciences Journal . 7,- 1989. 4p.00-000. 2003. Sahni, B. A note on the floating island and Gaston, A.J. and Pandey, S Sighting of vegetation of Khajjiar, near Chamba in red-necked grebe Podiceps griseigena NW Himalayas. J. Indian bot, Soc.6 on the Pongdam Lake, Himachal [I]:1-7. 1927. Pradesh J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., Sharma, Origin of floating islands in the 84:676-7. 1987. lakes at Khajjiar and Riwalsar in H.P. Gaston, A.J. Report on a visit to Pong Palaeobotanist. 1972. Dam Lake, 2-3 December. Canadian Sharma, R.M.; Bulganian M. and Wildlife Service, Ottawa. Maheshwary G. (2004) Beetles of Unpublished. 8 pp. 1985. Kalatop-Khaijjair wildlife sanctuary, Gaston, A.J. West Himalayan wildlife Himachal Pradesh. Zoos’ Print survey. Report on activities in 1985. Journal. 19(9):1626. Unpublished. 18 pp. 1986. Singh and Sharma Limnology of four Ghosh Dhrubajyoti. Published report “Ten freshwater lakes of Mandi district of observation ecological restoration of a Himachal Pradesh. Acta. 1986. sacred lake” .2005. Singh, R and Sharma,G..Limnology of GOPAL. BRIJ, Inspection report based on four fresh water lakes of Mandi district observations, Unpublished.Himachal of Himachal Pradesh- Preliminary Tourism “Lakes of Himachal”. 2001. observation. Acta Botanica Indica 14: HP State Council for Science, Technology 111-115. 1986. & Environment, State of Environment Singh, R., Misra, M.S., Shyamananda, Report. 2000. R.K. Morhometry and catchments Mathias Ritschard & Daniel Matti , Bird of study of Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh, India Rohtag area report India with a note on its flora and fauna. [email protected], 2004. Asian J.Expl.Sci.1:1-7. 1986.

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Singh, S., Kothari, A. and Pande, P. (Eds.) Pradesh. Zoos’ Print Journal Directory of national parks and 17(10):909-910. sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh. Toposheet number 52 D /11( 1: 50,000) Indian Institute of Public Scale Surveyed in 1963 by SOI. Administration, New Delhi. Pp. 67-69. Vikram Singh & Banyal, H.S.(2012) 1990. Diversity and ecology of Mammals in Thakur, M.L.; Paliwal, R.; Tak, P.C.; Kalatop-Khajjiar wildlife sanctuary, Mehta, H.S. and Mattu, V.K. (2002 a) Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, Birds of Kalatop-Khajjiar wildlife India, International Journal of Science sanctuary, Chamba district, Himachal and Nature ,VOL. , 3(1) 2012: 125- Pradesh, India. Cheetal. 41(3-4):29-36. 128. Thakur, M.S.; Mehta, H.S. and Mattu, V.K. (2002 b) Butterflies of Kalatop- Khajjiar wildlife sanctuary, Himachal

Volume-3 | Issue-10 | October,2017 | Paper-3 35 S Scientific Name Common name Family .No. Mammal EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research ISSN: 2208-2158 1. Semnopithecus Hanuman Langur Cercopithecidae entellus 2. Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Cercopithecidae Wetland & its 3. Cervus unicolor Barking deer Cervidae catchment’s area 4. Naemorhedus Mainland Serrow Bovidae sumatraensis 5. Mustela sibrica Himalayan Weasel Mustelidae 6. Martes flavigula Yellow throated Mustelidae marten 7. Nemarhedus goral Goral Bovidae 8. Ursus thibetanus Asiatic Black Bear Ursidae 9. Panthera pardus Common Leopard Felidae 10. Pataurista sp Flying Squirrel Sciuridae 11. Hystrix indica Porcupine Hystricidae 12. Vuples vulpes Himalayan Fox Canidae

13. Myotis sp Bat Hystricidae 14. Suncus murinus House Shrew Soricidae

Reptiles 1. Laudakia ………………. Agamidae tuberculata 2. Oriotaris major …………………. Agamidae 3. Asymblepharus ………………… Scincidae himlalanus 4. Amphiesma …………….. Colubridae platyceps 5. Ptyas mucosa ………….. Colubridae Amphibian 1. Rana liebigii ……………. Ranidae Pisces 2. Cyprinus carpio Common carp Cyprinidae communis Linnaeus 3. Cyprinus carpio Minor carp Cyprinidae specularis Lacepeds Insects

1. Acrida exalta …………………… Acrididae 2. Oxya fuscovittata ………………… Acrididae 3. Oedaleus abruptus …………………. Acrididae (Thunberg) 4. Eyprepocnemis …………………. Acrididae alacris alacris (Serville) 5. Oxya hyla hyla …………………. Acrididae Serville 6. Xenocatanthops ………………… Acrididae humilis humilis Table:(Serville) 3. Faunal Diversity around 7. Patanga succincta ………………… Acrididae Volume-3(Johansson) | Issue-10 | October,2017 | Paper-3 36

8. Loxoblemmus ………………… Gryllidae detectus EPH - International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research ISSN: 2208-2158

(Sources: Vikram Singh, 2012, ZSI Solan,

2002 M.L. Thakur, 2002, M.S.Thakur2002, Mehta,

2002, Sharma, 2004) 53. Garrulus Eurasian Jay Corvidae glandarius 54. Garrulus Black-headed Jay Corvidae lanceolatus 55. Urocissa Yellow-billed Blue Corvidae flavirostris Magpie 56. Urocissa Red-billed Blue Corvidae erythrorhyncha Magpie 57. Dendrocitta Grey Treepie Corvidae formosae 58. Corvus Jungle Crow Corvidae macrorhynchos

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