Supplementary Material

Aquila adalberti (Spanish Imperial Eagle)

European Red List of Birds

Supplementary Material

The European Union (EU27) Red List assessments were based principally on the official data reported by EU Member States to the European Commission under Article 12 of the Birds Directive in 2013-14. For the European Red List assessments, similar data were sourced from BirdLife Partners and other collaborating experts in other European countries and territories. For more information, see BirdLife International (2015).

Contents Reported national population sizes and trends p. 2 Trend maps of reported national population data p. 4 Sources of reported national population data p. 7 Species factsheet bibliography p. 8

Recommended citation BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Further information http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/euroredlist http://www.birdlife.org/europe-and-central-asia/european-red-list-birds-0 http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist/

Data requests and feedback To request access to these data in electronic format, provide new information, correct any errors or provide feedback, please email [email protected].

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Aquila adalberti (Spanish Imperial Eagle)

Table 1. Reported national breeding population size and trends in Europe1. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 Long-term population trend4 Subspecific population (where relevant) 2 territory) Size (pairs)3 Europe (%) Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Portugal 11-18 4 2013 good + 1000-1700 2003-2013 good Spain 358 96 2012 good + 135 2001-2012 good + 289 1984-2012 good EU27 370-380 100 Increasing Europe 370-380 100 Increasing 1 See 'Sources' at end of factsheet, and for more details on individual EU Member State reports, see the Article 12 reporting portal at http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/article12/report. 2 The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 In the few cases where population size estimates were reported in units other than those specified, they were converted to the correct units using standard correction factors. 4 The robustness of regional trends to the effects of any missing or incomplete data was tested using plausible scenarios, based on other sources of information, including any other reported information, recent national Red Lists, scientific literature, other publications and consultation with relevant experts. 5 Trend directions are reported as: increasing (+); decreasing (-); stable (0); fluctuating (F); or unknown (?). 6 Trend magnitudes are rounded to the nearest integer.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Aquila adalberti (Spanish Imperial Eagle)

Table 2. Reported national wintering population sizes and trends in Europe1. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data, and that only minimum totals are presented, to avoid double-counting of birds moving between countries. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 Long-term population trend4 Subspecific population (where relevant) 2 territory) Size (individuals)3 Europe (%) Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Spain 900-1,000 100 2012 good + 2001-2012 good + 1984-2012 good EU27 900-1,000 100 Increasing Europe 900-1,000 100 Increasing 1 See 'Sources' at end of factsheet, and for more details on individual EU Member State reports, see the Article 12 reporting portal at http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/article12/report. 2 The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 In the few cases where population size estimates were reported in units other than those specified, they were converted to the correct units using standard correction factors. 4 The robustness of regional trends to the effects of any missing or incomplete data was tested using plausible scenarios, based on other sources of information, including any other reported information, recent national Red Lists, scientific literature, other publications and consultation with relevant experts. 5 Trend directions are reported as: increasing (+); decreasing (-); stable (0); fluctuating (F); or unknown (?). 6 Trend magnitudes are rounded to the nearest integer.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Trend maps

A symbol appears in each country where the species occurs: the shape and colour of the symbol represent the population trend in that country, and the size of the symbol corresponds to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country.

KEY

Ç Large increase (≥50%) È Large decrease (≥50%) Ç Moderate increase (20–49%) È Moderate decrease (20–49%) Ç Small increase (<20%) È Small decrease (<20%) ñ Increase of unknown magnitude ò Decrease of unknown magnitude

å Stable or fluctuating 0 Unknown ¢ Present (no population or trend data) Ð Extinct since 1980

Each symbol, with the exception of Present and Extinct, may occur in up to three different size classes, corresponding to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country. ñ Large: ≥10% of the European population ñ Medium: 1–9% of the European population ñ Small: <1% of the European population

The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Figure 1. Breeding population sizes and short-term trends across Europe.

Figure 2. Breeding population sizes and long-term trends across Europe.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Figure 3. Reported wintering population sizes and short-term trends across Europe. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data.

Figure 4. Reported wintering population sizes and long-term trends across Europe. Note that some countries within the species' wintering range did not report any data.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Aquila adalberti (Spanish Imperial Eagle)

Sources

Portugal Breeding population size: Nunes M. (2013). Situação da águia-imperial em Portugal – época de reprodução de 2012 e 2013. Relatório não publicado. ICNF. Lisboa. Breeding short-term trend: Nunes M. (2013). Situação da águia-imperial em Portugal – época de reprodução de 2012 e 2013. Relatório não publicado. ICNF. Lisboa. Breeding long-term trend: In the 80s it was not possible to confirm the nesting of the species. The first confirmed nesting species of 2003 (in 2002 possible nesting record). Spain Breeding population size: Demographic information provided by the autonomos regions of Spain (2012). Grupo de trabajo del águila imperial (Spanish Imperial Eagle Working Group) – MAGRAMA (2012). Breeding short-term trend: Demographic information provided by the autonomos regions of Spain (2012). González, L.M. (2012). Águila imperial ibérica - Aquila adalberti. En: Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Salvador, A., Bautista, L.M. Eds.). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. http://www.vertebradosibericosorg/ Grupo de trabajo del águila imperial (Spanish Imperial Eagle Working Group) – MAGRAMA (2012). Information obtained from the Database ‘Inventario Español de Especies Terrestres. Seguimiento de Aves SACRE’. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios- nacionales/aguila_imperial_iberica_tcm7-219627.pdf Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J.C. (Eds.). 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 452pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/LR_completo_para_web_tcm7-164856.pdf Marti, R. & Del Moral, J.C. (Eds.). 2003. Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 733pp. http:// www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de-biodiversidad/ieet_aves_atlas.aspx SEO/BirdLife (2012). Programa de seguimiento de Avifauna de SEO/BirdLife 2011. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. 35 pp. Breeding long-term trend: González, L.M. (2012). Águila imperial ibérica - Aquila adalberti. En: Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Salvador, A., Bautista, L.M. Eds.). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. http://www.vertebradosibericosorg/ Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J.C. (Eds.). 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 452pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/ LR_completo_para_web_tcm7-164856.pdf Marti, R. & Del Moral, J.C. (Eds.). 2003. Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 733pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de- biodiversidad/ieet_aves_atlas.aspx Winter population size: Grupo de trabajo del águila imperial (Spanish Imperial Eagle Working Group) – MAGRAMA (2012). SEO/BirdLife (2012). Atlas de las aves en invierno en España 2007-2010. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente-SEO/BirLife. Madrid. 816 pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/ publicaciones/atlas_aves_invierno_tcm7-291664.pdf Winter short-term trend: Grupo de trabajo del águila imperial (Spanish Imperial Eagle Working Group) – MAGRAMA (2012). Information obtained from the Database ‘Inventario Español de Especies Terrestres. Seguimiento de Aves SACRE’. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/ biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/aguila_imperial_iberica_tcm7-219627.pdf González, L.M. (2012). Águila imperial ibérica - Aquila adalberti. En: Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Salvador, A., Bautista, L.M. Eds.). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. http://www.vertebradosibericosorg/ Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J.C. (Eds.). 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 452pp. http:// www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/LR_completo_para_web_tcm7-164856.pdf Marti, R. & Del Moral, J.C. (Eds.). 2003. Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 733pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/ inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de-biodiversidad/ieet_aves_atlas.aspx SEO/BirdLife (2012). Programa de seguimiento de Avifauna de SEO/BirdLife 2011. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. 35 pp. SEO/BirdLife (2012). Atlas de las aves en invierno en España 2007-2010. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente-SEO/BirLife. Madrid. 816 pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/publicaciones/atlas_aves_invierno_tcm7-291664.pdf Winter long-term trend: González, L.M. (2012). Águila imperial ibérica - Aquila adalberti. En: Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Salvador, A., Bautista, L.M. Eds.). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. http://www.vertebradosibericosorg/ Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J.C. (Eds.). 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 452pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/ LR_completo_para_web_tcm7-164856.pdf Marti, R. & Del Moral, J.C. (Eds.). 2003. Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-SEO/BirdLife, Madrid. 733pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario-nacional-de- biodiversidad/ieet_aves_atlas.aspx SEO/BirdLife (2012). Atlas de las aves en invierno en España 2007-2010. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente-SEO/ BirLife. Madrid. 816 pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/publicaciones/atlas_aves_invierno_tcm7-291664.pdf

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Bibliography

Barov, B and Derhé, M.A. 2011. Review of The Implementation Of Species Action Plans for Threatened Birds in the European Union 2004-2010. Final report. BirdLife International For the European Commission.

Bisson, I.A., Ferrer, M. and Bird, D.M. 2002. Factors influencing nest-site selection by Spanish Imperial Eagles. Journal of Field Ornithology 73: 298-302.

Cabezas, S. 2011. "Alzando el vuelo" sigue sumando apoyos. Aves y naturaleza 5: 36.

Fernández, M., Oria, J., Sánchez, R., Gonzalez, L.M. and Margalida, A. 2009. Space use of adult Spanish Imperial Eagles Aquila adalberti. Acta Ornithologica (Warsaw) 44(1): 17-26.

Ferrer, M. and Negro, J.J. 2004. The near extinction of two large european predators: super specialists pay a price. Conservation Biology 18: 344-349.

García, B. 2007. El programa 'Alzando el vuelo' trabaja ya en más de siete mil hectáreas. La Garcilla: 39.

González, L.M. 1996. Action plan for the Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti. In: Heredia, B., Rose, L. and Painter, M. (ed.), Globally threatened birds in Europe: action plans, pp. 175-189. Council of Europe, and BirdLife International, Strasbourg.

González, L.M. and Oria, J. 2004. Í guila Imperial Ibérica Aquila adalberti. In: Madroño, A., González, C. and Atienza, J.C. (ed.), Libro Rojo de las Aves de España, pp. 145-151. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad and SEO/BirdLife, Madrid.

González, L.M., Arroyo, B.E., Margalida, A., Sánchez, R. and Oria, J. 2006. Effect of human activities on the behaviour of breeding Spanish Imperial Eagles (Aquila adalberti): management implications for the conservation of a threatened species. Animal Conservation 9(1): 85-93.

Gonzlez, L.M., Margalida, A., Maosa, S., Sánchez, R., Oria, J., Molina, J. I., Caldera, J., Aranda, A. and Prada, L. 2007. Causes and spatio-temporal variations of non-natural mortality in the vulnerable Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila alberti during a recovery period. Oryx 41(4): 495-502.

Margalida, A., González, L.M., Sánchez, R., Oria, J. and Prada, L. 2007. Parental behaviour of Spanish Imperial Eagles Aquila adalberti: sexual differences in a moderately dimorphic raptor. Bird Study 54(1): 112-119.

Meyburg, B.U. and Kirwan, G.M. 2013. Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. and de Juana, E. (eds.) 2013. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/53158 on 16 January 2015).

Muriel, R., Ferrer M., Casado, E., Madero, A. and Pérez Calabuig, C. 2011. Settlement and successful breeding of reintroduced Spanish Imperial Eagles Aquila adalberti in the province of Cadiz (Spain). Ardeola 58(2): 323-333.

Ortega, E., Mañosa, S., Margalida, A., Sánchez, R., Oria, J. and González, L.M. 2009. A demographic description of the recovery of the vulnerable Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti. Oryx 43(1): 113- 121.

Pain, D.J., Meharg, A.A., Ferrer, M., Taggart, M. and Penteriani, V. 2005. Lead concentrations in bones and feathers of the globally threatened Spanish Imperial Eagle. Biological Conservation 121: 603-610.

Sánchez, B., González, L. and Barov, B. 2008. Action plan for the Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti in the European Union. BirdLife International for the European Commission.

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