Southern Spain: the Europe Introtour April 2018

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Southern Spain: the Europe Introtour April 2018 Tropical Birding Trip Report Southern Spain: The Europe Introtour April 2018 A Tropical Birding set departure tour SOUTHERN SPAIN: The Europe Introtour 2nd – 9th April 2018 Tour Leader: Emma Juxon All photographs in this report were taken by Emma Juxon, species depicted in photographs are named in BOLD RED White-headed Duck is one of our main targets of the tour www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southern Spain: The Europe Introtour April 2018 Introduction For European birders, there is nowhere better to take a birding trip than the Iberian Peninsula. A region that has appeared to have been largely overlooked by North American birders in the past, well not anymore. Boasting some of THE best birding on the continent, it’s certainly not to be missed. We visit the outstanding regions of Extremadura and Andalucia on this tour, making our way through breathtaking mountainous landscapes, through rolling steppes and spectacular marismas. With many participants visiting the Old World for the first time, it promises a wealth of lifers, great food, fantastic people and an easy-going introduction to the Mediterranean way of life. One of the many beauties of this tour is that we only have two bases. Starting in Madrid and making our way through the beautiful Spanish countryside, passing vineyards and castillos to get to our glorious rural hotel in wildflower-carpeted Extremadura. Here we enjoy the Belen Steppe, Caceres Plains and the exceptional Monfragüe National Park, encountering incredible birds such as Eurasian Griffon, Pin-tailed Sandgrouse, Great Bustard and Iberian Magpie. From here we head south to our next base in the picturesque pilgrimage town of El Rocío; I love this charming place, with it’s sandy roads, wonderful bird- filled marshes and fantastic people. We use this as our base for visiting the renowned Doñana National Park and its surrounds. This area produces some fantastic views of specialties such as Montagu’s Harrier, Audouin’s and Slender-billed Gull and White-headed Duck. We accrued a list of 159 species during our tour with highlights including Spanish Imperial Eagle, Cinereous Vulture, Great Bustard, Squacco Heron, Sardinian Warbler and of course our cover-boy and bird of the trip, White-headed Duck. If Europe is on your list, this has to be the tour to get you there. www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southern Spain: The Europe Introtour April 2018 April 2 – Madrid We started our tour in the vivacious capital city of Madrid at a great hotel, perfectly located near the airport. With participants arriving at various times today we met for an early dinner, by Spanish standards, and enjoyed getting to know each other over a good meal and a few drinks. We hit the hay fairly soon after dinner to give those who needed it a chance to get over their jetlag and of course in anticipation of our Iberian jaunt. April 3 – Madrid to Trujillo We left the hustle and bustle of Madrid behind us and headed straight for big sky country. As eager as can be expected for our participants’ first Iberian birding experience, we were picking up our first species left, right and center from the main highway. Almost immediately we were seeing the abundant Black Kite, Eurasian Magpie, Common Wood Pigeon, Short-toed Eagle, our first Eurasian Griffon riding the thermals and White Stork nesting on almost every telegraph pole. Our first lifer for the whole group though, a stunning Red-legged Partridge. We were on our way to the picturesque town of Trujillo, from here we took a short drive deeper into the beautiful countryside where we would find our charming residence for the next few nights. We were greeted by the hotel’s wonderful hosts and dropped off our bags, keen to see what this scenic area had in store for us. Taking a drive to a couple of pools we added Northern Shoveler, Common Pochard, Little Grebe, Little Egret and the delicate-looking Black-winged Stilt. Another pool included a large flock of Black- headed Gull, Eurasian Moorhen, Eurasian Coot, Common Sandpiper and Barn and Red-rumped Swallow flying overhead. We headed back towards the hotel and took a stroll down the lane to acquaint everyone with the local birds. Before we had www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southern Spain: The Europe Introtour April 2018 even left the grounds of the hotel we had scored Hawfinch, European Goldfinch, Eurasian Blackbird and the characteristic call of the Common Cuckoo. A little walk down the narrow lane and we had bagged one of our most spectacular targets, Iberian Magpie, they were everywhere! Gem-like Eurasian Blue Tit and their larger counterparts, Great Tit, were easily seen flicking through the trees. The distinctive song of the Sardinian Warbler sounded from a bush right beside us, catching sight of its contrasting bold eye, dark head and white throat before it sulked off into the thicket. Further down the lane our list was building, European Stonechat, Eurasian Linnet, Corn Bunting, striking European Serin, beautifully glossy Spotless Starling, sweet Spanish Sparrow, Southern Gray Shrike and the rightful star of the show, Eurasian Hoopoe. After what had been a fantastic afternoon introducing our participants to some iconic Old World species, we headed back to the hotel for an incredible feast of local food and wine. The food here is so local that most of the fruit and vegetables are grown in the garden of the hotel; the meals here really do add to the whole experience, especially that delicious acorn liqueur. April 4 – Balen Steppe & Monfragüe National Park Life in Spain is laid back to say the least, with breakfast being served at 8 o’clock a few of us were up for sunrise to take a stroll in the early morning mist. After breakfast we hit the road ready to explore Extremadura, first up, the Balen Steppe. We slowly drove the farm track to get to the main road, picking www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southern Spain: The Europe Introtour April 2018 up a stonking Great Spotted Cuckoo, lots more Iberian Magpie, Southern Gray and Woodchat Shrike and some very leggy Iberian Hare. As we made our way through the open steppe we stopped to scan and stroll at vantage points, scanning for our target species. Before long we were watching Calandra Lark display, Crested and Thekla Lark sing, and Eurasian Skylark ascend to great heights. Northern Wheatear stood glowing in the morning light and Eurasian Hoopoe graced us with their presence at every turn. Despite all of the activity, we had something much larger on our minds. Pulling up to a well-known lekking site of our target, we jumped out of the car to find a male Little Bustard flying straight across the road and down out of sight as it followed the rolling steppe. What a sight, albeit brief! I scanned the grassland, then grabbed my scope in excitement, nine Great Bustard in the scope! What a result, we had found the beasts and they were spectacular! After having our fill in the Belen Steppe, we headed to Monfragüe National Park and one of my favorite picnic spots, the stunning Peña Falcón. This rockface is said to be home to some 600 pairs of Eurasian www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southern Spain: The Europe Introtour April 2018 Griffon (next page – spot the chick) and boy were they everywhere. As you scan the rockface from across the gorge every crevice is occupied by a nest, but you don’t need to scan here, they come to you. Flying directly overhead and some at eye level this is one of THE best places to truly take in the majesty of these incredible birds. During the time it had taken us to have lunch we had Black Stork, Egyptian Vulture, Peregrine Falcon, Booted Eagle, Short-toed Eagle and one of the absolute highlights of the trip, let alone day, Spanish Imperial Eagle, all added to our list! There was one more species I wanted in the bag, so as the participants continued to enjoy the spectacle in front of them I scanned every inch of the rock. Yes! Sat high on the mountainside further down the gorge, Cinereous Vulture! Luckily for us this guy wasn’t going anywhere so everyone could enjoy the scope views of it. This place isn’t just great for the big guys, we were surrounded by Blue Rock Thrush, Black Redstart and Common Chaffinch, soring Eurasian Crag Martin, the ever striking Cirl Bunting, Rock Bunting and a songful Eurasian Wren working its way along the branches of a tree below. www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southern Spain: The Europe Introtour April 2018 After what was an outstanding start to the afternoon we continued on our way through the national park. The landscape is spectacular as you pass through the mountains, evergreen forests and heathland. We made several stops through the national park, scoring us Short-toed Treecreeper, Great Spotted Woodpecker, European Goldfinch and my personal favorite, Red Kite. A couple of impressive Red Deer were also seen at the roadside as we headed for our final lookout of the evening. Our target was Eurasian Eagle Owl which unfortunately didn’t show, but we had more great views of Spanish Imperial Eagle and added Gray Heron, Great Cormorant and a delightful Common Chiffchaff to our list.
Recommended publications
  • Baseline Assessment of the Lake Ohrid Region - Albania
    TOWARDS STRENGTHENED GOVERNANCE OF THE SHARED TRANSBOUNDARY NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE LAKE OHRID REGION Baseline Assessment of the Lake Ohrid region - Albania IUCN – ICOMOS joint draft report January 2016 Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................... i A. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1 B. The study area ........................................................................................................................................... 5 B.1 The physical environment ............................................................................................................. 5 B.2 The biotic environment ................................................................................................................. 7 B.3 Cultural Settings ............................................................................................................................ 0 C. Heritage values and resources/ attributes ................................................................................................ 6 C.1 Natural heritage values and resources ......................................................................................... 6 C.2 Cultural heritage values and resources....................................................................................... 12 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Poland: May 2015
    Tropical Birding Trip Report Poland: May 2015 POLAND The Primeval Forests and Marshes of Eastern Europe May 22 – 31, 2015 Tour Leader: Scott Watson Report and Photos by Scott Watson Like a flying sapphire through the Polish marshes, the Bluethroat was a tour favorite. www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-0514 [email protected] Page1 Tropical Birding Trip Report Poland: May 2015 Introduction Springtime in Eastern Europe is a magical place, with new foliage, wildflowers galore, breeding resident birds, and new arrivals from Africa. Poland in particular is beautiful this time of year, especially where we visited on this tour; the extensive Biebrza Marshes, and some of the last remaining old-growth forest left in Europe, the primeval forests of Bialowieski National Park, on the border with Belarus. Our tour this year was highly successfully, recording 168 species of birds along with 11 species of mammals. This includes all 10 possible Woodpecker species, many of which we found at their nest holes, using the best local knowledge possible. Local knowledge also got us on track with a nesting Boreal (Tengmalm’s) Owl, while a bit of effort yielded the tricky Eurasian Pygmy-Owl and the trickier Hazel Grouse. We also found 11 species of raptors on this tour, and we even timed it to the day that the technicolored European Bee-eaters arrived back to their breeding grounds. A magical evening was spent watching the display of the rare Great Snipe in the setting sun, with Common Snipe “winnowing” all around and the sounds of breeding Common Redshank and Black-tailed Godwits.
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Refuge for Europe's Birds of Prey
    Spanish Refuge for Europe's Birds of Prey Bernd-Ulrich Meyburg and Christiane Meyburg In western Spain, especially in Extremadura, the typical Mediterranean flora and fauna are more abundant, both in species and numbers, than almost anywhere else in the Mediterranean region. For Europe's birds of prey it is a key area. But all, especially the birds of prey, are gravely threatened, despite excellent protection laws, by reafforestation (with eucalyptus and pines) and industrial develop- ment destroying their habitats. The authors, who spent a total of ten months between 1970 and 1977 studying the birds of prey in the region, stress the urgent need to protect at least some of this superb country, which includes primeval cork oak forests and natural vegetation un- disturbed by man. The most important refuges for Europe's most threatened birds of prey are in remote areas of western Spain, in particular Extremadura and the adjoining provinces. Here, in an area roughly the size of Switzerland, with mountains rising to 2400 metres (7800 ft), there are still areas of original vegetation virtually untouched by man, particularly in Caceres province. The hillsides are still clothed with primeval cork woods, where many birds of prey breed, interspersed with Lusitanian and chestnut oaks and dense, sometimes impenetrable, undergrowth. Characteristic of the higher ground are the 'dehesas', thinly covered with cork trees and evergreen chestnut oaks, the acorns of which are used to fatten pigs. The grasslands between the trees, used primarily as meadow-land but ploughed and sown with corn every 10-12 years, are an important hunting ground for the raptors, and for some a breeding Above: Female black vulture shading her chick on the nest 337 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core.
    [Show full text]
  • 298 Some Notes on the Spectacled Warbler in The
    298 SOME NOTES ON THE SPECTACLED WARBLER IN THE MALTESE ISLANDS BY JOHN GIBB. OPPORTUNITY FOR OBSERVATION. FROM September 1941 until July 1945,1 was stationed in Malta and was able to devote much of my spare time to studying the bird-life of the islands. Malta, together with the sister isles of Gozo, Comino and Fihia, is primarily of interest to the ornithologist as a migrant station, for its breeding species are few. Among these few the Spectacled Warbler (Sylvia c. conspicillata) is prominent. Throughout my stay in the islands I was most concerned with keeping note of the shifting bird population, but it was inevitable that I should at the same time gain a closer acquaintance with the Spectacled Warbler than with any other single species. In the early spring of 1945, before the main influx of passage migrants was due, a slightly more intensive study and census of the species was made in order to fill some of the gaps in my previous notes. I was fortu­ nate in having the valued company and co-operation of Mr. D. A. Slight, of the Malta Command Signals, during the latter period. STATUS, DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. The Spectacled Warbler is a sedentary resident on Malta, Gozo and Comino Is. I was unable to visit the rocky islet of Filfla, lying three miles to the south of Malta, which can scarcely boast sufficient cover even for this species; Wright (1863) did not find it there. Schembri (1843) first recorded the Spectacled Warbler in Malta as arriving in March and leaving again in September; a summer visitor.
    [Show full text]
  • Poland Trip Report May - June 2018
    POLAND TRIP REPORT MAY - JUNE 2018 By Andy Walker We enjoyed excellent views of Alpine Accentor during the tour. www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | T R I P R E P O R T Poland: May - June 2018 This one-week customized Poland tour commenced in Krakow on the 28th of May 2018 and concluded back there on the 4th of June 2018. The tour visited the bird-rich fishpond area around Zator to the southwest of Krakow before venturing south to the mountains along the Poland and Slovakia border. The tour connected with many exciting birds and yielded a long list of European birding highlights, such as Black-necked and Great Crested Grebes, Red-crested Pochard, Garganey, Black and White Storks, Eurasian and Little Bitterns, Black-crowned Night Heron, Golden Eagle, Western Marsh and Montagu’s Harriers, European Honey Buzzard, Red Kite, Corn Crake, Water Rail, Caspian Gull, Little, Black, and Whiskered Terns, European Turtle Dove, Common Cuckoo, Lesser Spotted, Middle Spotted, Great Spotted, Black, European Green, and Syrian Woodpeckers, Eurasian Hobby, Peregrine Falcon, Red-backed and Great Grey Shrikes, Eurasian Golden Oriole, Eurasian Jay, Alpine Accentor, Water Pipit, Common Firecrest, European Crested Tit, Eurasian Penduline Tit, Savi’s, Marsh, Icterine, and River Warblers, Bearded Reedling, White-throated Dipper, Ring Ouzel, Fieldfare, Collared Flycatcher, Black and Common Redstarts, Whinchat, Western Yellow (Blue-headed) Wagtail, Hawfinch, Common Rosefinch, Red Crossbill, European Serin, and Ortolan Bunting. A total of 136 bird species were seen (plus 8 species heard only), along with an impressive list of other animals, including Common Fire Salamander, Adder, Northern Chamois, Eurasian Beaver, and Brown Bear.
    [Show full text]
  • "Official Gazette of RM", No. 28/04 and 37/07), the Government of the Republic of Montenegro, at Its Meeting Held on ______2007, Enacted This
    In accordance with Article 6 paragraph 3 of the FT Law ("Official Gazette of RM", No. 28/04 and 37/07), the Government of the Republic of Montenegro, at its meeting held on ____________ 2007, enacted this DECISION ON CONTROL LIST FOR EXPORT, IMPORT AND TRANSIT OF GOODS Article 1 The goods that are being exported, imported and goods in transit procedure, shall be classified into the forms of export, import and transit, specifically: free export, import and transit and export, import and transit based on a license. The goods referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article were identified in the Control List for Export, Import and Transit of Goods that has been printed together with this Decision and constitutes an integral part hereof (Exhibit 1). Article 2 In the Control List, the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license, were designated by the abbreviation: “D”, and automatic license were designated by abbreviation “AD”. The goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license designated by the abbreviation “D” and specific number, license is issued by following state authorities: - D1: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for protection of human health - D2: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for animal and plant health protection, if goods are imported, exported or in transit for veterinary or phyto-sanitary purposes - D3: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for environment protection - D4: the goods for which export, import and transit is based on a license issued by the state authority competent for culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Whinchat Saxicola Rubetra in Sri Lanka in February 2015: First Record for the Island and the Indian Subcontinent
    108 Indian BIRDS VOL. 13 NO. 4 (PUBL. 30 AUGUST 2017) Final Report submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi. 78–79. Mehta, P., Prasanna N. S., Nagar, A. K., & Kulkarni, J., 2015. Occurrence of Forest Owlet Raha, B., Gadgil, R., & Bhoye, S., 2017. Sighting of the Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti Heteroglaux blewitti in Betul District, and the importance of its conservation in in Harsul, Nashik District, Maharashtra. Indian BIRDS 13 (3): 80–81. the Satpura landscape. Indian BIRDS 10 (6): 157–159. Rasmussen, P. C., & Collar, N. J., 1998. Identification, distribution and the status of the Mehta, P., & Kulkarni, J., 2014. Occupancy status of Forest Owlet in East and West Forest Owlet Athene (Heteroglaux) blewitti. Forktail 14: 43–51. Melghat Forest Division. Wildlife Research and Conservation Society. Final Ripley S. D., 1952. Vanishing and extinct bird species of India. Journal of Bombay Technical Report submitted to Maharashtra Forest Department. Natural History Society 50 (4): 902–906. Patel, J. R., Patel, S. B., Rathor, S. C., Patel, J. A., Patel, P. B., & Vasava, A. G., 2015. New Ripley S. D., 1976. Reconsideration of Athene blewitti (Hume). Journal of Bombay distribution record of the Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti Hume, 1873, (Aves: Natural History Society 73 (1): 1–4. Strigiformes: Strigidae) in Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, Guarat, India. Journal of Shedke, S. D., & Kharinar, M. N., 2013. Management plan of Yawal Wildlife Sanctuary Threatened Taxa 7 (12): 7940–7944. (2012–13 to 2022–23). Maharashtra Forest Department. Patel, J., Vasava, A., & Patel, N., 2017. Occurrence of the Forest Owlet Heteroglaux Thompson, S., 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila Heliaca) in the European Part of Turkey
    ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Acta zool. bulg., Suppl. 3, 2011: 87-93 Status of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in the European part of Turkey Dimitar A. Demerdzhiev1, Stoycho A. Stoychev2, Nikolay G. Terziev2, and Ivaylo D. Angelov2 1 31 Bulgaria Blv�., 4230 Asenovgra�, Bulgaria; E�mails: �emer�jiev@yahoo.�om; �_�emer�[email protected]; w��.bspb.org 2 Haskovo 6300, P.O.Box 130, Bulgaria; E�mails: stoy�hev.s@gmail.�om; w��.bspb.org; [email protected]; ivailoange� [email protected]; w��.bspb.org Abstract: This arti�le presents the results of the �rst more �etaile� stu�ying on the �istribution an� numbers of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Аquila heliaca SA V I G NY 1809) population in the European part of Turkey. T�enty territories o��upie� by Imperial Eagle pairs, �istribute� in three �ifferent regions �ere �is�overe� �uring the perio� 2008�2009. The bree�ing population was estimate� at 30�50 pairs. The stu�y i�enti�e� t�o main habitat types typi�al of the Imperial Eagles in European Turkey – open hilly areas an� lo� mountain areas (up to 450 m a.s.l.) an� lo� relief plain areas (50�150 m a.s.l.). Poplar trees (Populus sp. L) were i�enti�e� as the most preferre� nesting substratum (44%), follo�e� by Oaks (Quercus sp. L) (40%). Bree�ing �ensity �as 1 pair/100 km2 in both habitat types. The shortest �istan�e bet�een t�o bree�ing pairs �as 5.8 km re�or�e� in plain areas in the Thra�e region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Proportion of Immature Breeders As a Reliable Early Warning Signal of Population Decline: Evidence from the Spanish Imperial Eagle in Donana
    The proportion of immature breeders as a reliable early warning signal of population decline: evidence from the Spanish imperial eagle in Donana Miguel Ferrera,*, Vincenzo Penteriania, Javier Balbontına, Massimo Pandolfib aDepartment of Applied Biology, Estacio´ n Biolo´ gica de Don˜ana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas, Avda.de Marı´a Luisa s/n, Pabello´ n del Peru´ , Seville 41013, Spain bZoological Laboratory, Urbino University, Via M.Oddi, 21, Urbino 61029, Italy Received 24 September 2002; received in revised form 7 February 2003; accepted 13 February 2003 Abstract Methods to evaluate population trends have recently received particular attention because of perceived declines in several species during the 20th century. We investigated whether age at first breeding could be used as an ‘‘early warning signal’’ to detect possible changes in population trends in long-lived species with deferred maturity using data from the Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adal- berti) population in Donana National Park (Spain). This bird of prey is an endangered species that has suffered a rapid decline in this population during the last 10 years. As a result of our 27-year monitoring (1976–2002) study, we detected that an increase in immature breeding birds occurred before population decline became evident. The proportion of immature-plumaged breeders in the population was significantly higher during the period of decline than during the period of stability. In our case, more than 10% of immature breeders can be considered as an ‘‘early warning signal’’ that anticipates population decline. Owing to the ignorance of this warning signal, urgent actions for the recovery of this eagle population started 10 years later than necessary, and when popu- lation size had been reduced.
    [Show full text]
  • La Tarabilla Siberiana Saxicola Maurus Ssp. En España Revisión De Citas Homologadas Y Estable- Cimiento De Criterios De Aceptación
    La tarabilla siberiana Saxicola maurus ssp. en España Revisión de citas homologadas y estable- cimiento de criterios de aceptación Comité de Rarezas de SEO/BirdLife Resumen En vista de los avances en el conocimiento, tanto sobre identificación como sobre taxonomía, de los últimos años, el Comité de Rarezas ha llevado a cabo una revisión de algunas citas de tarabilla siberiana Saxicola maurus ssp. Las citas de machos en primavera, señaladas por varios autores como las que presentan una mayor dificultad han recibido una especial atención. El resultado ha sido la retirada de 3 citas correspondientes a la subespecie maurus, todas ellas referidas a machos en primavera. El total de citas de tarabilla siberiana en España es ahora de 6, 4 del grupo maurus/stejnegeri y 2 de la subespecie del Caspio hemprichii. Abstract Knowledge of European Stonechat has experienced many advances during recent years, regarding both identification and taxonomy of the complex. Therefore, the Spa- nish Rarities Committee felt the need for a review of Siberian Stonechat records, par- ticularly spring males, a plumage that has been described by some authors as the most challenging. As a result, 3 formerly accepted records have been now rejected, leading to a current total of 6 accepted records in Spain: 4 assigned to maurus/stejnegeri and 2 to hemprichii. 1 Introducción La tarabilla siberiana no fue reconocida como especie hasta hace relativa- mente poco. Los distintos comités han ido aceptando la recomendación progresivamente y, a día de hoy, existe unanimidad entre prácticamente todas las autoridades taxonómicas. Algunos análisis posteriores del com- plejo arrojaron luz a algunas lagunas de conocimiento tradicionales, tales como el estatus taxonómico del grupo del Caspio (Svensson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Sardinian Warbler Sylvia Melanocephala Displacing the Endemic Cyprus Warbler S
    Is the Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala displacing the endemic Cyprus Warbler S. melanothorax on Cyprus? PETER FLINT & ALISON MCARTHUR We firstly describe the history, status, distribution and habitats of the two species on the island. In the light of this the evidence for a decline in Cyprus Warbler numbers in the areas colonised by Sardinian Warbler is assessed and is found to be compelling. Possible reasons for this decline are examined; they are apparently complex, but primarily Cyprus Warbler appears to have stronger interspecific territoriality than Sardinian Warbler and may treat the latter territorially at least to some extent as a conspecific, with some tendency to avoid its home-ranges, especially their centres. Other important factors may be interspecific aggression from Sardinian Warbler (where its population density is high) which might reduce Cyprus Warbler’s ability to establish breeding territories; and competition from Sardinian Warbler for food and for autumn/winter territories. Also, Sardinian Warbler appears to be more efficient in exploiting the habitats of the endemic species, which may have reached a stage in its evolution as an island endemic where it is vulnerable to such an apparently fitter invading congener from the mainland. The changing climate on the island may also be a factor. We conclude that Sardinian Warbler does appear to be displacing Cyprus Warbler, and we recommend that the latter’s conservation status be re-assessed. INTRODUCTION Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala, previously known only as a winter visitor, was found breeding on Cyprus in 1992 (Frost 1995) and is rapidly spreading through the island (eg Cozens & Stagg 1998, Cyprus Ornithological Society (1957)/BirdLife Cyprus annual reports and newsletters, Ieronymidou et al 2012) often breeding at high densities within the same areas as the endemic Cyprus Warbler S.
    [Show full text]
  • European Red List of Birds
    European Red List of Birds Compiled by BirdLife International Published by the European Commission. opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Commission or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, Citation: Publications of the European Communities. Design and layout by: Imre Sebestyén jr. / UNITgraphics.com Printed by: Pannónia Nyomda Picture credits on cover page: Fratercula arctica to continue into the future. © Ondrej Pelánek All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details). Photographs should not be reproduced or used in other contexts without written permission from the copyright holder. Available from: to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed Published by the European Commission. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. ISBN: 978-92-79-47450-7 DOI: 10.2779/975810 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Printed in Hungary. European Red List of Birds Consortium iii Table of contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................1 Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................................5 1.
    [Show full text]