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Microbiological Analysis and Control of the Fruit Vinegar Production Process

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Microbiological Analysis and Control of the Fruit Vinegar Production Process MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 Department of Biochemestry and Biotechnology Microbiological analysis and control of the fruit vinegar production process DOCTORAL THESIS Doctoral Thesis presented by Mr Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz to receive the degree of Doctor with International Mention by the Rovira i Virgili University Tarragona 2012 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 Rovira i Virgili University Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of Oenology C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Dr. María Jesús Torija Martínez, Associate Professor of the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology at the Rovira and Virgili University and Dr. Estibaliz Mateo Alesanco, lecturer of the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology at the Rovira and Virgili University, CERTIFY That the Doctoral Thesis entitled Microbiological analysis and control of the fruit vinegar production process, presented by Mr Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz to receive the degree of Doctor with International Mention by the Rovira i Virgili University, has been carried out under our supervision in the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of this University. All the results presented in this thesis were obtained in experiments conducted by the above mentioned student. Tarragona, 3th September 2012 Dr. María Jesús Torija Martínez Dr. Estibaliz Mateo Alesanco UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer a todas las personas del departamento de Bioquímica y Biotecnología de la URV. Principalmente a todos quienes han colaborado generosa y gentilmente en mi formación como doctor. Quiero agradecer a las directoras de esta tesis Dras. Estibaliz Mateo Alesanco y María Jesús Torija Martínez por la orientación que han realizado en el desarrollo de este trabajo. Claramente, sin vuestra colaboración el fin de este trabajo en los tiempos y objetivos no hubiera sido posible. Extiendo este agradecimiento al Dr. Albert Mas, quien además fue clave en mi incorporación al programa de doctorado. También quiero agradecer a todos quienes han hecho posible mi incorporación en los centros en donde he realizado las estancias predoctorales. Muy sinceramente quiero dar las gracias a los doctores Maria Gullo del Departamento de Ciencias de la Agricultura de la Universidad de Modena y Reggio Emilia (Italia), Jaime Romero del Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA) de la Universidad de Chile (Chile), Cristian Varela y Paul Henschke del Equipo de Biociencias de The Australian Wine Research Institute, AWRI (Australia). Además quiero agradecer a los doctores Paolo Giudici, del Departamento de Ciencias de la Agricultura de la Universidad de Modena y Reggio Emilia, y a Eveline Bartowsky, de The Australian Wine Research Institute, quienes gentilmente han aceptado ser los revisores externos de este trabajo, así como también a los miembros del tribunal de esta tesis por aceptar ser parte de éste. Un especial agradecimiento quiero dar a mis compañeros de trabajo, de quienes puedo decir que además de obtener un apoyo científico invaluable, he ganado momentos inolvidables gracias a los sinceros sentimientos de amistad. Ha sido gratificante encontrar gente que valora el trabajo científico de manera responsable, educada y alegre, que sin condiciones aportan lo mejor de sí en cada momento. Doy las gracias a aquellos que sacan lo mejor de las personas y que ven el lado positivo de las cosas, y a quienes solo han tenido palabras de aliento y que ante las dificultades han sabido dar consejos de manera sabia y discreta. Por último, y sin duda lo más importante, mi familia. Especialmente quiero agradecer a mis padres Juan y Teresa, y mis hermanos Coki y Mauricio por el apoyo brindado en este nuevo capítulo de mi vida que finaliza con esta tesis. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 A mis padres y hermanos UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF THE FRUIT VINEGAR PRODUCTION PROCESS Claudio Esteban Hidalgo Albornoz Dipòsit Legal: T.1422-2012 INDEX page JUSTIFICATION AND OBJETIVES.........................................................................13 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ........................................................................................19 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................25 1. Vinegar .......................................................................................................................27 1.1. Elaboration of vinegar........................................................................................29 1.2. Wine vinegar .......................................................................................................34 1.3. Fruit vinegar........................................................................................................34 2. Microorganisms involved in the vinegar production .............................................36 2.1. Yeasts ...................................................................................................................36 2.1.1. Yeast Species Identification.......................................................................38 2.1.2. Yeast Typing...............................................................................................39 2.2. Acetic Acid Bacteria ...........................................................................................40 2.2.1. General characteristics..............................................................................40 2.2.2.
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