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With Revision of the Pycnopsyche Scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche Lepida (Hagen) Complexes

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University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 6-1982 A Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes John A. Wojtowicz University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Wojtowicz, John A., "A Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1982. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1492 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by John A. Wojtowicz entitled "A Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Animal Science. D. A. Etnier, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: D. L. Bunting, A. C. Echternacht, M. L. Pan, C. D. Pless Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written qy John A. Wojtowicz entitled ·� Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes." I recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Zoology . D. A. Etnier, Major Professor We have read this dissertation an$! r�commend ,.its acceptance: ulk.C{fbLc& / '·7 __.,-;:? / __..., -- 2/7 /'4�-- /�/ Accepted for the Council: Vice Chancellor Graduate Studies and Research A REVIEW OF 'IHE ADULTS AND LARVAE OF THE GENUS Pycnopsyche (TRICHOPTERA : LIMNEPHILIDAE) WI'IH REVISION OF THE Pycnopsyche scabripennis (RAMBUR) AND Pycnopsyche lepida (HAGEN) COMPLEXES A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville John A. Wojtowicz June 1982 ac60854 DEDICATION TO Doyne ''Dick" Martin Robert ''Bobby" Thompson AND Dr. Arthur Jungre1s ALL WHO DIED BEFORE THEIR TJME 11 ACKNOWLE:O; EMENTS After contemplating for some time who was of assistance during the term of this study, it amazed me that I even knew so many people. Nevertheless, I should like to aclmowledge the following. For aid in collection of specimens I thank Jim Beets, Bruce Bauer, Noel Burkhead, Al Cady, Dr. David Etnier, T.A. Farmer, Jackie Forbis, Andy Haines, John Harris, Robert L. Jones, Christine Eason Louton, Jerry Louton, A. David McKinney, Ron McKitrick, David Melgaard, David Nieland, Mac Post, Al Rabinowitz, Lance Risley, Robert Soltesz, Raymond C. Stone, Jr., Paul Weldon, Betsy Williams (my wife), Jerry Williams (my son), Richard Wojtowicz, and G. William Wolfe. For pro­ viding loan specimens and/or locality information I would thank Dr. R. L. Blickle (Univ. N.H.), Dr. D.A. Etnier (Univ. Tenn.), Dr. O.S. Flint, Jr. (U.S.N.M.), Mr. Steven Hamilton (Clemson Univ.), Dr. s.c. Harris (Univ. Ala.), Ms. Mary Hathaway (M.c.z.), Mr. Max Henschen (Seymour, Ind.), Dr. W. Hilsenhoff (Univ. Wise,), Mr. Ralph Holzenthal (Clemson Univ.), Mr. Boris C. Kondratieff (V.P.I. & S.U.), Dr. P. Lago (Univ. Miss.), Dr. R.J. Mackay (Univ. Toronto), Mr. Ken Manuel (Duke Power, N.C.), Dr. Terry Mingo (Univ. Me.), Dr. J.C. Morse (Clemson Univ.), Dr. W.J. Morse (Univ. N.H.), Dr. A.P. Nimmo (Univ. Alberta), Mr. Charles R. Parker (V.P.I. & S.U., R.O.M.), Mr. Michael Reif (Dept. Nat. Res., Wise.), Dr. D.C. Tarter (Marshall Univ.), Dr. J.D. Unzicker (I.N.H.S.), Dr. J.R. Voshell, Jr, (V.P.I. & S.U.), Dr. J.B. Wallace (Univ. Ga.), Mr. Robert Waltz (Purdue Univ.), Mr. John S. Weaver, III iii iv (Clemson Univ. ) , and Dr. G.B. Wiggins (R.O.M. ) . I would like to thank Dr. Joseph Merritt and Mr. Daniel Rosalund for permission to collect at the Powdermill Run Nature Reserve of the Carnegie Museum, and Mr. Donald Defoe for permission to collect in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. For directing my committee I would like to thank Dr. David A. Etnier. For serving on my committee, reading my dissertation, and providing helpful comments I would thank Drs. D.L. Bunting, A.C. Echternacht, M.L. Pan, and C.D. Pless. I would also thank Drs. D.L. Bunting, D.A. Etnier, and M.L. Pan for the loan of valuable equipment. I thank Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society of North America for a grant which partly supported this research. Finally, for aid above .and beyond the call of duty I would thank my parents (Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Lottie Wojtowicz) , my wife ( Betsy Williams) , and my son (Jerry Williams). A hearty thanks also to aJ..l those individuals who helped me maintain my sanity and my pitiful sense of humor throughout this ordeal. ABSTRACT The adults and larvae of the genus Pycnopsyche are reviewed. Nineteen species are recognized for the genus. The males and females of all species are described and illustrated. All species accounts include description, diagnosis, type locality, distribution, variation, notes and material examined sections. The �· scabripennis complex is revised, and three distinct species are recognized (�. scabripennis s.s., �· antica, and !• conspersa). The !· lepida group (!• lepida, �· indiana, !• subfasciata, and !· virginica) is also revised with all species remaining recognized; however, !• virginica is removed from the complex. Two new species are described for the genus but will be named in a separate publication (herein identified as �· sp. A and �· sp. B). Keys are provided for all adults of both sexes. The larvae of sixteen species are described and/or discussed. A number of these were reared for the first time. Because of the conservativeness of larval morphology as a whole, many of the larvae can not be successfully identified below the level of groups of species. Keys to larvae are not included because of this difficulty. Known distributions of the species in the genus are updated utilizing information from published and unpublished sources. Maps plotted by county (u. s. records) or site (Canada records) are included. Finally, a preliminary discussion of phylogenetic relationships in the genus is provided. Based on this discussion the genus is modified from the five species groups of Schmid (1955) to a total of eight groups. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. IN'IRODUCTION. 1 Literature Review • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Generalized Description of Pycnopsyche Adults •••• 6 Generalized Description of Pycnopsyche Larvae • • • • 8 Diagnosis of Adults ••••••••••••••••• 9 Diagnosis of Larvae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Purpose and Scope of Project. • • • • • • • • • • 10 II. MATERIALS AND ME'IHODS • . • . • . • • • • 12 General • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 12 Terminology • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • 16 III. REDESCRIPTIONS AND REILLUSTRATIONS•• 21 Pycnopsyche aglona Ross • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 Pycnopsyche circularis (Provancher) • • • • • • • • • 26 Pycnopsyche divergens (Walker)•••••••••••• JO Pycnopsyche flavata (Banks) • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Pycnopsyche gentilis (McLachlan) ••••••••••• 40 Pycnopsyche guttifer (Walker) • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 Pycnopsyche limbata (McLachlan) • • • • • • • • • • • 53 Pycnopsyche luculenta (Betten) •••••••••••• 57 Pycnopsyche rossi Betten. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 64 Pycnopsyche sonso (Milne) • • • • • • • • • • • • 69 Pycnopsyche virginica (Banks) • • • • • • • • • • • • 73 IV. NEW SPECIES OF Pycnopsyche • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 78 Pycnopsyche sp • A • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 78 Pycnopsyche sp. B • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 83 v. THE Pycnopsyche lepida GROUP. • •••••••••• 87 General . • · • • • • 87 Discussion of the lep da Group Species •••••••• 90 Pycnopsyche lepida Hagen) ••••••••••••• 90 Pycnopsyche indianaC (Ross) ••••••••••••• 97 Pycnopsyche subfasciata (Say) ••••••••••• 102 VI. THE Pycnopsyche scabripennis COMPLEX•••••• ••••108 General • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 108 Discussion of the scabripennis Complex Species. • • • 109 Pycnopsyche antica (Walker) • • • • • • • • • • • • 109 Pycnopsyche conspersa Banks • • • • • • • • • • • • 118 Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) • • • • • • • • • 124 Pycnopsyche minima Banks•••••••••••••• 130 Pycnopsyche perplexa Betten & Mosely ••••••••131 vi vii CHAPTER PAGE VII. REVISED KEYS TO MALES AND FEMALES OF Pycnopsyche • • • 133 Key to Males of Pycnopsyche•••• •••••••••133 Key to Females of Pycnopsyche ••••••••••••139 VIII. THE LARVAE OF Pycnopsyche. , • • • • • • • • • • • • , 146 General, . , . , • . • . 146 Descriptions or Discussions of Known Larvae of Pycnonsyche • • • •
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    The zoogeomorphology of case-building caddisfly larvae by Richard Mason A Doctoral thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University (June 2020) © Richard Mason 2020 i Abstract Caddisfly (Trichoptera) are an abundant and widespread aquatic insect group. Caddisfly larvae of most species build cases from silk and fine sediment at some point in their lifecycle. Case- building caddisfly have the potential to modify the distribution and transport of sediment by: 1) altering sediment properties through case construction, and 2) transporting sediment incorporated into cases over the riverbed. This thesis investigates, for the first time, the effects of bioconstruction by case-building caddisfly on fluvial geomorphology. The research was conducted using two flume experiments to understand the mechanisms of caddisfly zoogeomorphology (case construction and transporting sediment), and two field investigations that increase the spatial and temporal scale of the research. Caddisfly cases varied considerably in mass between species (0.001 g - 0.83 g) and grain sizes used (D50 = 0.17 mm - 4 mm). As a community, caddisfly used a wide range of grain-sizes in case construction (0.063 mm – 11 mm), and, on average, the mass of incorporated sediment was 38 g m-2, in a gravel-bed stream. This sediment was aggregated into biogenic particles (cases) which differed in size and shape from their constituent grains. A flume experiment determined that empty cases of some caddisfly species (tubular case-builders; Limnephilidae and Sericostomatidae) were more mobile than their incorporated sediment, but that dome shaped Glossosomatidae cases moved at the same entrainment threshold as their constituent grains, highlighting the importance of case design as a control on caddisfly zoogeomorphology.
  • New Species of Limnephilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Europe: Alps and Pyrenees As Harbours of Unknown Biodiversity

    New Species of Limnephilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Europe: Alps and Pyrenees As Harbours of Unknown Biodiversity

    Zootaxa 3911 (3): 381–395 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3911.3.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4E11C1AB-2614-4C4A-809D-EF7C5BE959D9 New species of Limnephilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Europe: Alps and Pyrenees as harbours of unknown biodiversity WOLFRAM GRAF1,5, SIMON VITECEK2, ANA PREVIŠIĆ3 & HANS MALICKY4 1Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Max Emanuel-Strasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Limnology & Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: [email protected] 4Sonnengasse 13, Lunz am See A-3293, Austria. 5Corresponding author Abstract New species are described from the genera Consorophylax and Anisogamus (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae, Limnephilinae, Stenophylacini). Additionally the larva of the genus Anisogamus, and the larval stages of Anisogamus waringeri sp. nov. and A. difformis (McLachlan 1867) are described. The new species Consorophylax vinconi sp. nov. is a microendemic from the Southern Alps and differs from its congeners in the shape of the parameres, which are distinctly straitened in the distal quarter in the new species. The new species Anisogamus waringeri sp. nov. represents the second species in the hitherto monospecific genus Anisogamus. Compared to Anisogamus difformis, the male of A.