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With Revision of the Pycnopsyche Scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche Lepida (Hagen) Complexes

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With Revision of the Pycnopsyche Scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche Lepida (Hagen) Complexes University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 6-1982 A Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes John A. Wojtowicz University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Wojtowicz, John A., "A Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1982. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1492 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by John A. Wojtowicz entitled "A Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Animal Science. D. A. Etnier, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: D. L. Bunting, A. C. Echternacht, M. L. Pan, C. D. Pless Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written qy John A. Wojtowicz entitled ·� Review of the Adults and Larvae of the Genus Pycnopsyche (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with Revision of the Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) and Pycnopsyche lepida (Hagen) Complexes." I recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Zoology . D. A. Etnier, Major Professor We have read this dissertation an$! r�commend ,.its acceptance: ulk.C{fbLc& / '·7 __.,-;:? / __..., -- 2/7 /'4�-- /�/ Accepted for the Council: Vice Chancellor Graduate Studies and Research A REVIEW OF 'IHE ADULTS AND LARVAE OF THE GENUS Pycnopsyche (TRICHOPTERA : LIMNEPHILIDAE) WI'IH REVISION OF THE Pycnopsyche scabripennis (RAMBUR) AND Pycnopsyche lepida (HAGEN) COMPLEXES A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville John A. Wojtowicz June 1982 ac60854 DEDICATION TO Doyne ''Dick" Martin Robert ''Bobby" Thompson AND Dr. Arthur Jungre1s ALL WHO DIED BEFORE THEIR TJME 11 ACKNOWLE:O; EMENTS After contemplating for some time who was of assistance during the term of this study, it amazed me that I even knew so many people. Nevertheless, I should like to aclmowledge the following. For aid in collection of specimens I thank Jim Beets, Bruce Bauer, Noel Burkhead, Al Cady, Dr. David Etnier, T.A. Farmer, Jackie Forbis, Andy Haines, John Harris, Robert L. Jones, Christine Eason Louton, Jerry Louton, A. David McKinney, Ron McKitrick, David Melgaard, David Nieland, Mac Post, Al Rabinowitz, Lance Risley, Robert Soltesz, Raymond C. Stone, Jr., Paul Weldon, Betsy Williams (my wife), Jerry Williams (my son), Richard Wojtowicz, and G. William Wolfe. For pro­ viding loan specimens and/or locality information I would thank Dr. R. L. Blickle (Univ. N.H.), Dr. D.A. Etnier (Univ. Tenn.), Dr. O.S. Flint, Jr. (U.S.N.M.), Mr. Steven Hamilton (Clemson Univ.), Dr. s.c. Harris (Univ. Ala.), Ms. Mary Hathaway (M.c.z.), Mr. Max Henschen (Seymour, Ind.), Dr. W. Hilsenhoff (Univ. Wise,), Mr. Ralph Holzenthal (Clemson Univ.), Mr. Boris C. Kondratieff (V.P.I. & S.U.), Dr. P. Lago (Univ. Miss.), Dr. R.J. Mackay (Univ. Toronto), Mr. Ken Manuel (Duke Power, N.C.), Dr. Terry Mingo (Univ. Me.), Dr. J.C. Morse (Clemson Univ.), Dr. W.J. Morse (Univ. N.H.), Dr. A.P. Nimmo (Univ. Alberta), Mr. Charles R. Parker (V.P.I. & S.U., R.O.M.), Mr. Michael Reif (Dept. Nat. Res., Wise.), Dr. D.C. Tarter (Marshall Univ.), Dr. J.D. Unzicker (I.N.H.S.), Dr. J.R. Voshell, Jr, (V.P.I. & S.U.), Dr. J.B. Wallace (Univ. Ga.), Mr. Robert Waltz (Purdue Univ.), Mr. John S. Weaver, III iii iv (Clemson Univ. ) , and Dr. G.B. Wiggins (R.O.M. ) . I would like to thank Dr. Joseph Merritt and Mr. Daniel Rosalund for permission to collect at the Powdermill Run Nature Reserve of the Carnegie Museum, and Mr. Donald Defoe for permission to collect in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. For directing my committee I would like to thank Dr. David A. Etnier. For serving on my committee, reading my dissertation, and providing helpful comments I would thank Drs. D.L. Bunting, A.C. Echternacht, M.L. Pan, and C.D. Pless. I would also thank Drs. D.L. Bunting, D.A. Etnier, and M.L. Pan for the loan of valuable equipment. I thank Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society of North America for a grant which partly supported this research. Finally, for aid above .and beyond the call of duty I would thank my parents (Mr. Joseph and Mrs. Lottie Wojtowicz) , my wife ( Betsy Williams) , and my son (Jerry Williams). A hearty thanks also to aJ..l those individuals who helped me maintain my sanity and my pitiful sense of humor throughout this ordeal. ABSTRACT The adults and larvae of the genus Pycnopsyche are reviewed. Nineteen species are recognized for the genus. The males and females of all species are described and illustrated. All species accounts include description, diagnosis, type locality, distribution, variation, notes and material examined sections. The �· scabripennis complex is revised, and three distinct species are recognized (�. scabripennis s.s., �· antica, and !• conspersa). The !· lepida group (!• lepida, �· indiana, !• subfasciata, and !· virginica) is also revised with all species remaining recognized; however, !• virginica is removed from the complex. Two new species are described for the genus but will be named in a separate publication (herein identified as �· sp. A and �· sp. B). Keys are provided for all adults of both sexes. The larvae of sixteen species are described and/or discussed. A number of these were reared for the first time. Because of the conservativeness of larval morphology as a whole, many of the larvae can not be successfully identified below the level of groups of species. Keys to larvae are not included because of this difficulty. Known distributions of the species in the genus are updated utilizing information from published and unpublished sources. Maps plotted by county (u. s. records) or site (Canada records) are included. Finally, a preliminary discussion of phylogenetic relationships in the genus is provided. Based on this discussion the genus is modified from the five species groups of Schmid (1955) to a total of eight groups. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. IN'IRODUCTION. 1 Literature Review • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Generalized Description of Pycnopsyche Adults •••• 6 Generalized Description of Pycnopsyche Larvae • • • • 8 Diagnosis of Adults ••••••••••••••••• 9 Diagnosis of Larvae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Purpose and Scope of Project. • • • • • • • • • • 10 II. MATERIALS AND ME'IHODS • . • . • . • • • • 12 General • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 12 Terminology • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • 16 III. REDESCRIPTIONS AND REILLUSTRATIONS•• 21 Pycnopsyche aglona Ross • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 Pycnopsyche circularis (Provancher) • • • • • • • • • 26 Pycnopsyche divergens (Walker)•••••••••••• JO Pycnopsyche flavata (Banks) • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Pycnopsyche gentilis (McLachlan) ••••••••••• 40 Pycnopsyche guttifer (Walker) • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 Pycnopsyche limbata (McLachlan) • • • • • • • • • • • 53 Pycnopsyche luculenta (Betten) •••••••••••• 57 Pycnopsyche rossi Betten. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 64 Pycnopsyche sonso (Milne) • • • • • • • • • • • • 69 Pycnopsyche virginica (Banks) • • • • • • • • • • • • 73 IV. NEW SPECIES OF Pycnopsyche • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 78 Pycnopsyche sp • A • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 78 Pycnopsyche sp. B • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 83 v. THE Pycnopsyche lepida GROUP. • •••••••••• 87 General . • · • • • • 87 Discussion of the lep da Group Species •••••••• 90 Pycnopsyche lepida Hagen) ••••••••••••• 90 Pycnopsyche indianaC (Ross) ••••••••••••• 97 Pycnopsyche subfasciata (Say) ••••••••••• 102 VI. THE Pycnopsyche scabripennis COMPLEX•••••• ••••108 General • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 108 Discussion of the scabripennis Complex Species. • • • 109 Pycnopsyche antica (Walker) • • • • • • • • • • • • 109 Pycnopsyche conspersa Banks • • • • • • • • • • • • 118 Pycnopsyche scabripennis (Rambur) • • • • • • • • • 124 Pycnopsyche minima Banks•••••••••••••• 130 Pycnopsyche perplexa Betten & Mosely ••••••••131 vi vii CHAPTER PAGE VII. REVISED KEYS TO MALES AND FEMALES OF Pycnopsyche • • • 133 Key to Males of Pycnopsyche•••• •••••••••133 Key to Females of Pycnopsyche ••••••••••••139 VIII. THE LARVAE OF Pycnopsyche. , • • • • • • • • • • • • , 146 General, . , . , • . • . 146 Descriptions or Discussions of Known Larvae of Pycnonsyche • • • •
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