September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32653 By Mr. MOSHER (for himself, Mr. over who are eUgible for or receiving social CALFE, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. RoE, Mr. GOLDWATER, Mr. CONLAN, Mrs. HECK­ security benefits (and employers, with re­ RosENTHAL, Mr. ROYBAL, Mr. SEmER­ LER of Massachusetts, Mr. LAGOMAR­ spect to such individuals) shall be exempt LING, Mr. STARK, and Mr. YOUNG of SINO, and Mr. THONE) : from payment of social security taxes: to the Georgia): H.R. 16896. A bUl to require in all cases Committee on Ways and Means. H. Res. 1393. Resolution to amend the court orders for the interception of com­ By Mr. MAHON: Rules of the House of Representatives to munications by electronic and other devices, H.R. 16900. A bill making supplemental create a standing committee to be known for the entering of any residence, for the appropriations for the fiscal year ending as the Committee on Intelligence Opera­ o~ening of any mall, for the inspection or June 30, 1975, and for other purposes. tions, and for other purposes; to the Com­ procurement of certain records, and for other By Mr. WHITTEN: mittee on Rules. purposes; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 16901 A blll making appropriations By Mr. LriTON (for himself, ~. ciary. for Agriculture-Environmental and Con­ SCHERLE, Mr. ROBISON of New York, By Mr. MURTHA (for himself, Mr. sumer Protection programs for the fiscal Mr. !cHORD, Mr. SISK, Mr. HARRING­ HECHLER of West Virginia, Mr. MoR­ year ending June 30, 1975, and for other TON, and Mr. ROSE) : GAN, Mr. MCSPADDEN, Mr. CHARLES H. purposes. H. Res. 1394. Resolution expressing the WILsoN of California, Mr. CoNYERs, By Mr. DERWINSKI: sense of the House of Representatives con­ Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. H.J. Res. 1147. Joint resolution calling cerning the need for immediate and sub­ ROSENTHAL, Mr. RIEGLE, Mrs. CoL­ upon the President to reduce drastically stantial public investments in agriculture LINS of Illinois, Mr. YOUNG Of Geor­ the amount of bureaucratic redtape which research and technology for the express pur­ gia, Mr. BEVILL, Mr. PRICE of Illinois, currently exists in the executive branch of pose of increasing food production; to the Mr. ROYBAL, Mr. JOHNSON of Penn­ the Federal Government; to the Committee Committee on Agriculture. sylvania, Mr. HARRINGTON, and Ms. on Government Operations. HOLTZMAN) ; H. Con. Res. 650. Concurrent resolution H.R. 16897. A blll to amend the Federal to provide an opportunity for an orderly PETITIONS, ETC. Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969; and cohesive policy toward reducing the to the Committee on Education and Labor. rate of inflation; to the Committee on Gov­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions By Mr. RONCALLO of New York: ernment Operations. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk H.R. 16898. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. HARRINGTON (for himself, and referred as follows: Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a deduction Mr. ASHLEY, Mr. BADILLO, Mr. BROWN 519. By the SPEAKER. Petition of the City for higher education expenses; to the Com­ of California, Mr. CLAY, Mr. DRINAN, Council, Cleveland, Ohio, relative to food mittee on Ways and Means. Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia, Mrs. price control; to the Committee on Banking By Mr. BOB WILSON: HECKLER of Massachusetts, Mr. HEL­ and Currency. H.R. 16899. A blll to amend chapters 2 and sTosKI, Ms. HoLTZMAN, Mr. KocH, 520. Also, petition of Kyriacos Mavroudhis, 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to Mr. LoNG of Maryland, Mr. Mc­ Amherst, Mass., and others, relative to Cy­ provide that individuals 65 years of age or CLOSKEY, Mr. McCORMACK, Mr. MET- prus; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FOREIGN AID AND HUMAN RIGHTS arbitrary curtailment of existing political Edwin B. Forsythe of New Jersey, Donald rights. M. Fraser of Minnesota, Bill Frenzel of Min­ In the absence of extraordinary circum­ nesota, Sam Gibbons of Florida, Gilbert Gude HON. DONALD M. FRASER stances, we do not believe that long-term of Maryland, Lee H. Hamilton of Indiana, OF MINNESOTA U.S. foreign policy interests are served by Michael Harrington of Massachusetts, Philip maintaining supportive relationships with A. Hart of Michigan, Augustus F. Hawkins of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oppressive governments, especially in the California, Margaret M. Heckler of Massa­ Tuesday, September 24, 1974 military field, since m111tary power is directly chusetts, Henry Helstoski of New Jersey, associated with the exercise of governmental Elizabeth Holtzman of New York, Frank Hor­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, Friday, control over the civilian population. ton of New York, James J. Howard of New September 20, 1974, I delivered to the Unless U.S. foreign aid policies--especi­ Jersey, Harold E. Hughes of Iowa, Robert W. Secretary of State a letter signed by 104 ally military assistance policies-more ac­ Kastenmeier of Wisconsin, Edward M. Ken­ Members of Congress. In our letter we curately reflect the traditional commitment nedy of Massachusetts, Edward I. -Koch of stated that our support for foreign aid of the American people to promote human New York, Robert L. Leggett of California, legislation in the future will be influenced rights, we will find it increasingly difficult Mike McCormack of Washington, George Mc­ by the extent to which U.S. foreign policy to justify support for foreign aid legisla­ Govern of South Dakota, Stewart B. McKin­ shows more c'>ncern for human rights in tion to our constituents. We cannot, in good ney of Connecticut. conscience, associate ourselves with policies Richard W. Mallary of Vermont, Spark M. recipient countries. which l?ck active concern about the fate of Matsunaga of Hawaii, Lloyd Meeds of Wash­ Mr. Speaker, I want to place in today's people living under oppressive governments. ington, Ralph H. Metcalfe of Illinois, Edward. RECORD the complete text of our letter, While it may be beyond our power to alle­ Mezvinsky of Iowa, Patsy T. Mink of Ha­ the list of those who agreed to send the viate the plight of thooe people, we can re­ waii, Parren J. Mitchell of Maryland, Joa letter, and a news release issued by my fuse to be identified with their oppressors. Moakley o:f Massachusetts, Walter F. Mon­ office about this matter. Sincerely, dale of Minnesota, William S. Moorhead of SEPTEMBER 20, 1974. James Abourezk of South Dakota, Bella S. Pennsylvania, Frank E. Moss of Utah, John Hon. HENRY A. KISSINGER, Abzug of New York, Brock Adams of Wash­ E. Moss of California, Morgan F. Murphy of Secretary of State, Department of State, ington, J'oseph P. Addabbo of New York, Illinois, Lucien N. Nedzi of Michigan, Robert Washington, D.C. Glenn M. Anderson of California, Thomas L. N. C. Nix of Pennsylvania, David R. Obey of DEAR MR. SECRETARY: The undersigned have Ashley of Ohio, Les Aspin of Wisconsin, Her­ Wisconsin, James G. O'Hara of Michigan, supported legislation in recent years provid­ man Badillo of New York, William A. Barrett Bertram L. Podell of New York, William ing economic and mmtary assistance to other of Pensylvania, Alphonzo Bell of California, Proxmire of Wisconsin, Charles B. Rangel of nations. We are troubled, however, about Bob Bergland of Minnesota, Edward G. Bies­ New York, Thomas M. Rees of California, continued American assistance to a number ter, .Jr. of Pennsylvania, Jonathan B. Bing­ Ogden R. Reid of New York. of foreign governments which are increas­ ham of New York, John A. Blatnik of Minne­ Henry S. Reuss of Wisconsin, Donald W. ingly indifferent to internationally recog­ f?Ota, Edward P. Boland of Massachusetts, Riegle, Jr. of Michigan, Howard W. Robison nized human rights and deal with their own J"ohn Brademas of Indiana. of New York, Peter W. Rodino, Jr. of New people in an increasingly oppressive manner. George E. Brown, Jr. of California, Yvonne Jersey, Robert A. Roe of New Jersey, Benja­ We recognize that a large number of coun­ Braithwaite Burke of California, John L. min S. Rosenthal of New York, Edward R. tries are ruled by governments which restrict Burton of California, Phillip Burton of Cali­ Roybal 'of California, Leo J. Ryan of Cali­ the full observance of political rights as we fornia, Charles J. Carney of Ohio, W1lliam S. fornia, Paul S. Sarbanes of Maryland, Pa­ know them, including one-party and authori­ Cohen of Maine, John Conyers, Jr. of Mich­ tricia Schroeder of Colorado, B. F. Sisk of tarian states. It may not be realistic to expect igan, James C. Corman of California, Alan California, Fourtney H. (Pete) Stark of Cali­ strict observance of political, civil and other Cranston of California, John Dellenback of fornia, Louis Stokes of Ohio, Leonor K. (Mrs. human rights by these governments while Oregon, Ronald V. Dellums of California, John B.) Sullivan of Missouri. their political systems are still evolving. Charles C. Diggs, Jr. of Michigan, Robert F. Frank Thompson, Jr. of New Jersey, Robert Nevertheless, even within such countries, the Drinan of Massachusetts, Don Edwards of 0. Tiernan of Rhode Island, John V. Tunney observance of certain fundamental human California, Joshua Eilberg of Pennsylvania, of California, Morris K. Udall of Arizona, rights is practicable, including freedom from Dante B. Fascell of Florida, W1111am D. Ford Charles A. Vanik of Ohio, Jerome R. Waldie torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, and of Michigan. of California, Charles W. Whalen, Jr. of 32654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS : September 25, 1974 Ohio, Harrison A. WllUams, Jr. of New Jer­ RIGHT FROM THE HORSE'S MOUTH :many bank robbers and have learned some­ sey, Charles Wilson of, Texas, Charles H. Wil­ thing quite common about them. They, like son of California, Lester L. Wolff of New myself, are failures. But many of them think York, Antonio Borja Won Pat of the Terri­ along parallel lines wltl_l me." tory of Guam, Andrew Young of Ge.orgla. HON. JOHN E. HUNT : James says that too many federal judges OF NEW JERSEY are political hacks, who get on the bench through clout. FnASER TIES HUMAN RIGHTS TO FOREIGN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "The courts are ruled by recipients of po­ AID SUPPORT Tuesday, September 24, 1974 litical patronage, instead of devoted men of Representative Donald M. Fraser, Demo­ integrity elected by and for the people." Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, when was the _ (He can't be talking about the federal crat of Minnesota, and 104 other members of last time any of us heard a convicted Congress have notified Secretary of State judges in Chicago-not about Judge Blll Henry Kissinger that their support for for­ criminal criticize judges for being soft? Lynch, Mayor Daley's former law partner, or eign aid legislation in the future will be in­ It has been a long, long time, if ever. But Judge Abraham L. Marovitz, the Mayor's for­ fluenced by the extent to which U.S. foreign here it is. The words of bank robber mer Springfield crony.) pollcy shows more concern for human rights Raymond E. James, a man who has been James also feels . that society should stop in recipient countries. The message was con­ in 58 correctional institutions since 1943, wasting money keeping softies in prison-the veyed in a letter to Kissinger. white-collar criminals-and instead concen­ including five Federal penitentiaries. trate its spending on "treating and attemp ·~­ The signatories have been supporters of Convict James admits that had he ing to rehabilitate the violent 25 percent who foreign aid legislation heretofore. The letter thought he would have received a longer do need incarceration, of whom I am one." criticizes U.S. aid policies which have had and stiffer sentence he never would have And he concludes with this cheerful mes­ the effect of "maintaining supportive rela­ sage. tionships with oppressive governments," and robbed the bank. But he knew before the crime was even committed that he "Just remember, you and I have to face points especially to mllltary assistance to the unalterable fact that I wlll join you in such governments because "m111tary power would receive a light sentence. 1978-rehabllltated or not ... wllling or is directly associated with the exercise of For the information and edification of not ... ready or not. governmental control over the civilian popu­ my colleagues, I submit Mike Royko's "And that judge will have to adjust to the lation." column from the August 27 edition of presence in his community of this man he The letter implies a threat to reconsider the Philadelphia Bulletin for the deemed a 'dangerous' offender. support for future aid b111s by saying, "un­ RECORD: "By the way, how about sending me a sub­ less U.S. foreign aid policies-especially BANK RoBBER SAYS JuDGES ARE Too SoFT scription to your paper. Gratis." m111tary assistance policies-more accurately reflect the traditional commitment of the (By Mike Royko) American people to promote human rights, Every convict I've ever listened to has said we will find it increasingly difficult to justi­ just about the same thing. They were rail­ ALKALINE-TRIBUTE TO A fy support for foreign aid legislation to our roaded or framed. If they weren't framed, constituents. We cannot, in good conscience, society made them do whatever they did. CHAMPION associate ourselves with policies which lack And, in any case, the justice was too harsh active concern about the fate of people liv­ and the prison system no good. HON. ROBERT P. GRIFFIN ing under oppressive governments. While it So I couldn't believe my eyes when I re­ may be beyond our power to alleviate the cently got a letter from Raymond E. James, OF MICHIGAN plight of those people, we can refuse to be who is a bank robber. IN THE SENATE OF THE identified with their oppressors." James isn't robbing banks at the mo­ Wednesday, September 25, 1974 The measage to Kissinger acknowledged ment because he was caught and now is doing that strict observance of traditional political, a stretch in a federal prison in Washington Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, Detroit civil and other human rights might not be State. is proud to be known nationally as a city Being in prison several times has given him realistic to expect in certain developing of champions-and one of its greatest a lot of time to think. So he wrote to say that in countries whose political processes are still at he eventually is going to write a book on our champions the field of sports is Al an early stage of evolution. However, "even system of criminal justice. Kaline of the Detroit Tigers. within such countries, the observance of It should make remarkable reading if he As baseball fans around the Nation and certain fundamental human rights is prac­ gets around to it, because James thinks the the world are well aware, AI Kaline last ticable, including freedom from torture, reason we have a high crime rate is that night passed another spectacular mile­ arbitrary arrest and detention, and arbitrary judges are too easy on people such as himself. stone on his way to Cooperstown and curtailment of existing political rights." "I suppose," he wrote, "that I am the only baseball immortality-cracking his Specific examples of oppressive govern­ federal prisoner who is a conservative, Re­ 3,000th major league hit. publican bank robber. Needless to say, my ments whose military aid he thought should views aren't held in too high esteem by my It is a source of special satisfaction to be cut by the United States, Fraser said, are peers of the moment." Detroit and all of Michigan that every Chile under the m111tary junta, and South He offers his own sentence as an example one of AI Kaline's hits were made in a Korea under President Park Chung Hee. He of judicial softness. Tiger uniform. At the same time, it is added: "The judge stated in sentencing me that most appropriate that his accomplish­ "U.S. foreign policy interests are not I was indeed 'a dangerous' offender, and ment came at Memorial Stadium in his served-and in fact are seriously damaged­ that he expected me to rob another bank at original hometown of Baltimore, before by ignoring the cruel acts of repression which the first opportunity. his parents, other members of his family, tl1ese governments commit against their own "Then he sentenced me to eight years out of a possible 20 years and inserted im­ and friends. people. U.S. military assistance to these gov­ mediate parole eligibility. In his 22 starring seasons with the ernments betrays both the American people "This, although he knew I had previously Tigers, Al Kaline has been a champion and the people of those countries." been confined 15 of the past 20 years for both on and off the diamond. Alwa,ys a Fraser also noted that the Foreign Military 13 felonies and four misdemeanors." fine gentleman and a great sportsman, he Sales Act already contains a provision against What would James have considered to be has been an inspiration to his teammates supportive relations with repressive govern­ a proper sentence for himself? and an example to his admirers, young ments except in the most extraordinary cir­ "Had I known that I would have received a mandatory 25-year sentence for bank and old. He has been the mainstay of a cumstances involving U.S. national security. robbery, without any opportunity to nego­ team which has made so many import~ nt The Congressman said: tiate a plea, there would have been no power contributions to our spirit of community. "Our government has not heeded the ex­ on earth strong enough to have forced me · Sadly for Detroit, AI Kaline has an­ pressed wlll of Congress in this Act." to rob the bank I robbed. nounced that this is his last season as Fraser, chairman of the House Subcom­ "I gambled and, really, I won. Please an active player. But we who have mittee on International Organizations and don't get me wrong. Only a fool would con­ known him through the years have no Movements, has held more than 20 hearings sider eight years in prison as a prize. But doubt that he will remain an important during the past year on human rights and compared to 20, or possibly 30 (which I faced U.S. foreign policy. His subcommittee pub­ initially before entering plea bargaining), part of our community and continue to lished a report last March containing 29 rec­ it is indeed a blessing-however mixed. contribute in the quiet but impressive ommendations for upgrading the huma.n "I have been in 58 institutions since 1943, manner that marks him as a true cham­ rights factor in U.S. foreign policy. including five federal penitentiaries. I know pion. September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32655 Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent Clemente, of course, was killed in that while at the same time placing the sy~­ that an article from this morning's De­ tragic plane crash the following winter. tem on a financially sound basis. Both Kaline, who won 10 Gold Gloves and was labor and management assisted in the troit Free Press. celebrating AI Kaline's generally regarded as one of the finest field­ 3,000th hit, be printed in the RECORD. ing rightfielders too ever play the game, development of this legislation and sup­ There being no ot>jection, the article was employed exclusively as the Tigers' des­ port the committee bill. I think that H.R. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ignated hitter this season in what was ad­ 15301 effectively addresses the problems as follows: mittedly an effort to get the 120 hits he now facing the railroad retirement sys­ HE DID IT !--KA.LINE JOINS GREATS WITH needed to reach 3,000. tem and protects the existing benefit 3,000TH HIT The retiring superstar will be honored rights on the part of current beneficiaries with a special day at Tiger Stadium next (By Jim Hawkins) and railroad employees. Sunday. Each fan attending the game to pay Under the provisions of H.R. 15301, no BALTIMORE.-Al Kaline can retire in peace. tribute to No. 6 will receive a commemo­ His all-out season-long quest for that elu­ rative poster and Kaline himself will be given one presently on the rolls would suffer sive 3,000th hit is over. a gift by Tiger owner John Fetzer. any reduction in the level of benefits he It ende~. Tuesday evening, at 20 minutes Kaline will retire at the end of the is receiving. Current railroad employees past 8 o'clock, in the fourth inning of the season and his plans for the future still would be provided a guarantee of their 2,817th game of his brilliant 22-year career. aren't solidified. He can just about take his vested retirement annuities and social Kaline sliced Dave McNally's first pitch of pick of positions with the Tigers, but doesn't security benefits. Because these benefits the fourth inning down the rightfield line know precisely what he wants to do and require some means of funding, this for a. stand-up double, avoiding the white probably will partially detach himself from measure authorizes annual appropria­ chalk foul line by less than two feet. baseball for the first year. Al also singled during the course of the The Tiger::;' first hit off McNally resulted tions of $285 million to meet these costs. Tiger narrow 5-4 deficit at the hands of the in a run in the third when Ron LeFlore In the future, benefits would be com­ pennant conscious Baltimore Orioles, lifting doubled up the right-centerfield gap, driving puted on a two-tier basis with the first him past the late Roberto Clemente and into home Eddie Brinkman, who had walked. tier being computed under the Social Se­ 11th place on baseball's all-time hit parade, The Orioles, who failed to score in the curity law on the basis of combined earn­ with 3,000 to his credit. first inning despite three singles, got two ings covered under the social security And, as he sat in the clubhouse sipping unearned runs off rookie righthander Vern program and under railroad retirement half a glass of champagne afterward, Kaline Ruble in the fifth when LeFlore let Paul and a second tier would be based on rail­ had to admit his latest milestone meant Blair's routine inning-ending fiyball drop even more to him than the batting title he at his feet with Mark Belanger and Rich road employment alone. Other provisions won in 1955 at the unprecedented age of 20. Coggins on base. of the bill include a reduction in the min­ "This definitely ranks above the batting The Tigers got one run back in the imum retirement age from 65 to 60 for championship," said the beaming 39-year­ sixth-though it took them another double receiving the supplemental annuity based old Tiger superstar. "Anytime you win a bat­ by LeFlore, plus singles by Gary Suther­ on 30 years of service. The spouse of an ting championship, there's a lot of luck that land and Kaline, to do 1t. employee with 30 years of service may goes with it. But the Birds countered with one more receive an unreduced annuity when both "But when you get 3,000 hits, I don't think of their own in the bottom half of the in­ the spouse and employee reach age 60. anybody can say you were just iucky. You've ning on basehits by Tommy Davis and Don had to withstand the pressure of all those Baylor, with Boog Powell's sacrifice bunt in The spouse of an employee with less than seasons, and injuries and everything. To me, between. 30 years of service can receive either an that really means something. Brinkman put the Tigers back on top in unreduced annuity when the employee "But," he added, "nothing will surpass the seventh when the skinny shortstop just reaches age 62 and the spouse has winning the World Series." did reach the leftfield seats with Auelio Rod­ reached age 65 or has a child of the em­ It was a fastball that McNally fed him for riguez aboard. ployee in her care, or a reduced annuity the first pitch in the fourth inning and Hiller was five outs away from a major when both the spouse and the employee when he first hit it, Kaline thought for sure league record 18th victory when Baylor dou­ reach the age of 62. CuiTent law grants the ball was going to curve foul. bled in the bottom of the eighth. Brooks "I almost forgot to run," he confessed with Robinson also doubled, tying the score, then an unreduced annuity to the spouse only a sheepish grin. "The ball was really curving advancing to third on a wild pitch and if the employee or spouse is at least 65 foul. It was plenty fair when I hit it but I crossed the plate on catcher Andy Etche­ and allows a reduced annuity to a spouse didn't think it was going to make it. barren's suicide squeeze bunt. 62 or older. Widows' benefits would be "When I got to second base I said a little So instead of his 18th victory Hiller increased from 110 percent to 130 per­ prayer of thanks for letting me play all these had to settle for his 12th defeat. cent of the survivor benefits payable un­ years and get all those hits,'' Kaline contin­ der social security. Last, the bill increases ued. "Once I got this close I knew I'd get the a lump sum refund or payments over rail­ hit sometime, but I'm very glad to get it here. I knew I had a lot of friends and rela­ road retirement for those retired employ­ tives in the stands and I would have hated IN SUPPORT OF H.R. 15301 ees who have had some social security to disappoint them. employment prior to January 1, 1975, but "I'm proud to have been able to get my do not qualify for benefits under the So­ 3,000th hit off McNally, too. I know he says HON. WILLIAM R. ROY cial Security Act. I've gotten a lot of hits off him, but he must OF KANSAS The House approved H.R. 15301 on remember more of them than I do. He's a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES September 12, 1974, by a vote of 343 to 10. real tough pitcher. Wednesday, September 25, 1974 I voted for this bill. I hope that the Sen­ "I don't really remember much of any­ ate will follow the same course of action thing at the time of the pitch. I know it was Mr. ROY. Mr. Speaker, as a strong very soon so that this bill can be signed a fastball ..• it was up a little bit and fall­ supporter of H.R. 15301, I was very into law. ing off some . . . I'm just happy it's finally pleased with the approval of the House of over. It semed like a big black cloud had been Representatives of the bill revising the lifted from me as soon as I got it." Railroad Retirement Act of 1937. If this MARYLAND BASEBALL TEAM IN Kaline also indicated he will continue to bill becomes law in its present form, the LEGION WORLD SERIES play every game, so long as the Tigers are railroad retirement system will be put opposing teams in contention. on a financially sound basis for the first Kaline, who signed with the Tigers right time in many years. The enactment of HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN out of high school and never spent a mo­ OF MARYLAND ment in the minor leagues, thus became the this legislation will eliminate the threat 12th man in the major leagues to accumulate to the solvency of the existing system IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as many as 3,000 hits. which is operating at an actuarial deficit Wednesday, September 25, 1974 And he is the first in the American of approximately $530 million per year. League since Eddie Collins reached that The House Interstate and Foreign Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, I would like mark on June 5, 1923, nearly half-a-century Commerce Committee, on which I serve, to share with my colleagues a sense of ago. spent a great deal of time deliberating admiration and appreciation for the out­ Roberto Clemente was the last player in over this legislation trying to find a way standing work done by the American the National League to join the so-called to ensure that railroad retirees and their Legion, but in particular for the work "club," collecting his S,OOOth hit on Sept. families would not lose the benefits they they have done in sponsoring amateur 30, 1972, the final day of the season. have paid for over the course of the years baseball teams throughout the country. CXX--2058-Part 24 32656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 1974 Especially pleasing to me is the fact er; Ray Allebach, pitcher; Mike Dar­ ON THE BASIC FACTS OF that the State of Maryland was repre­ rell, infielder; Sam Mulhollen, infielder; COMMUNISM sented in the American Legion World Se­ Larry Colein, catcher. ries held this year in Roseburg, Oreg., by the Cheverly, Md., American Legion HON. PHILIP M. CRANE Post 108. More specifically, this was only OF ILLINOIS the second time that an American Le­ U.S. PUBLIC FAVORS LIMITED CON­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES o-ion baseball team from Maryland had TROL OF BIG BUSINESS ~ompeted in the Legion World Series in Wednesday, September 25, 1974 34 years. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, one impor­ I am pleased to commend Cheverly HON. ROBERT J. HUBER tant failing of the press in the United Post 108, its manager, coaches, and es­ OF MICHIGAN States and other Western nations has pecially the players for their great show­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been their inability to explain the nature ing in placing third during the tourna­ Wednesday, September 25, 1974 of communism and of life in Communist ment that took place from August 22 to countries. 27. Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, in spite of Too many Americans now believe This fine competitive American Legion the bitterness of the recent energy crisis, that, somehow, communism has changed baseball team, managed by Mr. William the Lou Harris poll recently found and that the era of "detente" about "Bumps" Vaughn, and coached by Mr. 83 percent of the American people were which we hear so much has, in reality, Ray Ruffing and Mr. Tom Lind, consist­ opposed to the Federal Government provided additi-onal freedom and dig­ ing of young men aged 16-19 from with­ taking over the management of most big nity to those who live under Communist in Prince Georges County, with the pre­ business. In my view, this is reassuring governments. ponderance from Bowie, Md., and sur­ as I know a number of us received mail The unfortunate fact is that the men rounding areas, vied with other top suggesting that the oil industry be na­ and women who live under communism teams from all over the State to earn the tionalized. We only have to look across have none of the basic freedoms which right to compete in the Legion World the Atlantic Ocean at the United King­ we take for granted, such as freedom of Series. dom to see the results of excessive na­ speech, press, religion, and assembly. Following their great victories in Eas­ tionalization of industry in a democracy. They do not, in addition, even have the ton, Md., against other Maryland teams, I commend this article from the Detroit right to leave their own countries. They Cheverly earned the title of Maryland Free Press of September 9, 1974, to the are no more than pawns of the state es­ State Champions and the honor of com­ attention of my colleagues: tablishment, not free individuals who peting against American Legion teams U.S. PUBLIC FAVORS LIMITED CONTROL OF BIG determine for themselves the important from West Virginia, Virginia, Delaware, BUSINESS decisions in their lives. New Jersey, and New York in the Mid­ (By Louis Harris) Part of what is wrong with the West­ Atlantic Ea.stern Regional Tournament Although 82 percent of the publlc agree ern press was recently described by So­ that big business, if left alone, would be held in Lyndhurst, N.J. greedy and selfish and would make profits at viet author Alexander Solzhenitsyn. He Their victory in the finals against a the expense of the public, there is virtually drew a contrast between reporters in scrappy team from Verona, N. J., put no demand from the American people for Western Europe-"They pursued me them in the coveted World Series, where the federal government to take over and run everywhere"-and their counterparts in they competed against teams from Puer­ most big business. An equally decisive 83 per­ the Communist nations. to Rico Iowa, Indiana, Louisiana, Cali­ cent oppose any such form of socialism. Fundamentally, the public opts for pretty What is strange is when this Western fornia, 'oregon, and Connecticut in the press gets to Moscow or to Eastern Europe, ultimate of amateur baseball tourna­ much the status quo in government regula­ tion of business. Americans seem to feel that or even to China, for example. ments, the American Legion World the role of government is to make certain Series. that big business operates in the public in­ Solzhenitsyn said: Although Cheverly Post 108 was finally terest to an ac<:eptable degree. Here there's nothing sacred for them. They defeated in the semifinals by a fine The issue of extending federal interven­ go at Presidents. military ministries and so Oregon team, their determination, spirit tion in business operations has recently risen forth, but there, if some miserable Bul­ and desire were amply demonstrated. most sharply because of rising gasoline prices garian policeman tells them not to photo­ To have reached the World Series, let and the energy shortage. graph a church, they stop. Or the Red alone the semifinals, was an honor in Yet the idea of the federal government set­ Guards . . . if they hang up some kind of ting up model companies to compete with leaflet and a correspondent comes up to read itself. private companies as a kind of yardstick to These fine young men, as they stood it and some wretched little Red Guard tells measure the way big companies might be him not to read it, the correspondent turns among over 4,000 people in attendance, run is rejected by a 38 percent margin by and walks away. If the press has such free­ even in losing, received a standing ova­ the public. More specifically, the proposal tion for their excellent play and sports­ for creating a government-owned oil corpo­ dom in the West then it must carry the ration is opposed by a 48-26 percent majority. same kind of freedom when it gets into the manlike conduct. They have distin­ East. Another crisis point in r~ent times has guished themselves, the sport of bas~­ been whether the federal government should Commenting upon the conduct of ball, the American Legion, and their bail out key companies that might well go Cheverly Post 108 which they repre­ bankrupt without federal funds. Two compa­ American correspondents on the trip to sented in a manner worthy of true pro­ nies that might have been aided this way are Peking taken by President Nixon, Edwin fessionals. They and their parents are to the Penn Central Railroad and the Lockheed A. Roberts, Jr., of the National Observer be congratulated. Corp. in the aerospace industry. notes that: We in Maryland and particularly in By 50-39 percent, most Americans are I didn't understand then, I don't under­ Prince Georges County are proud of against the federal government taking over stand now, and I won't understand tomor­ them. So that they will be appropriate­ big companies that have gone broke. By a row why so many American correspondents ly recognized, I am listing their names narrow 46-43 percent margin, the public op­ returned from a brief visit to China in 1972 poses the federal government's putting up and reported their findings in the manner for all to see and to congratulate for a money to save big companies that have gone job well done: Jeff Serra, catcher; Tom of high-school boys emerging from a sex broke but which are essential businesses. education class. Emsweller, outfielder; Chuck Johnson, When asked why they oppose a govern­ outfielder; Brett Terrill, infielder; Tom ment takeover of companies such as the Penn Mr. Roberts declares that: Sullivan, infielder; Steve Pasztor, in­ Central, people substantially responded with Even more troubling than their implicit fielder; Ken Johnson, outfielder; Don the answer that as badly as the Penn Cen­ approval of Chinese Communism was the Houchen, outfielder; Steve Massengale, tral has been run, it would be even worse giddy tone of their reports. Not only did run if the federal government took it over. these reports ring with respectfulness for pitcher; David Terrill, pitcher; Dan The notion of federal operation of nearly any Mao and Chou, they seemed to reflect an Glover, pitcher; Tim Manley, pitcher; ongoing entity is generally regarded With ingratiating attitude that is particularly Gary Col ten, infielder; Bill Foley, infield- Widescale suspicion across the country. sickening in a working journalist. September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32657 The only reason the Soviet Union and And yet reporters are experienced in im­ the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice Communist China may be free of blood pertinence and risk. There must be some­ of the House Committee on the Judiciary baths today, Mr. Roberts notes, is that thing else, some other reason why many which is presently investigating Presi­ newsmen on short visits to Communist "the controlling ideologies would not countries lose part of their critical sense. dent Ford's of . have had a chance of popular acceptance I think that other reason is bizarre wishful These hearings were stimulated by res­ if blood baths had not occurred in the thinking. olutions introduced by a number of the past. In this century events have shown In his review of Solzhenitsyn's The Gulag Members of the House, including my that Communist ideology is so faulty a Archipelago in Book privileged resolution of inquiry, House system of ideas that only terror can save Review for June 16, Stephen F. Cohen, a Resolution 1367 with 13 cosponsors. As it from abandonment. Because this is teacher at Princeton, takes interesting excep­ a result of President Ford's nonserious tion to Solzhenitsyn's thesis that the Krem­ true, there is no need for any of us to lin's murder of tens of millions of Soviet response to the questions contained in behave deferentially toward commun­ citizens between 1918 and 1956 is attributa­ the resolution, it appears that these ism." ble chiefly to Communist ideology. hearings will continue next week. I I wish to share the important article, Writes Cohen: "Despite the plain circum­ would like to insert in the RECORD my "On the Basic Fact of Communism," stances that capricious terrorizing of millions testimony at this hearing: by Edwin A. Roberts, Jr., as it appeared began and ended with Stalin's rule-the TESTIMONY OF REPRESENTATIVE BELLA S. in the National Observer of July 20, autocrat's presence as an animating force ABzuG 1974, with my colleagues, and insert it appears in asides throughout The Gulag H. RES. 1367: AN INQUIRY RELATING TO PRESI­ Archipelago-8o1zhenitsyn attributes no spe­ DENTIAL PARDON OF RICHARD NIXON into the RECORD at this time: cial significance to his role or personality." ON THE BASIC FACT OF COMMUNISM Well, the "plain circumstances" is that In behalf of myself and 13 co-sponsors, (By Edwin A. Roberts, Jr.) Lenin and his fellow Bolsheviks understood including members of the Judiciary Com­ mittee, I welcome this opportunity to appear I didn't understand then, I don't under­ from the beginning that the Russian peas­ antry could not simply be asked to become before you to testify for our Resolution of stand now, and I won't understand tomorrow Inquiry on the unconditional pardon of why so many American correspondents re­ collective farmers. They had to be forced. That maximum force wasn't exerted until Richard M. Nixon. turned from a brief visit to China in 1972 Not since the storm of public reaction to and reported their findings tn the manner Stalin had consolidated his power is less a tribute to the humanity of Lenin than it is the and the Nixon of high-school boys emerging from a sex edu­ tape disclosure of August 5th that led to cation class. a reflection of the fact that Lenin was com­ his forced resignation a few days later ha-s It struck me at the time that many of the pelled by his multitude of problems to post­ there been such an overwhelmingly negative newsmen who accompanied President Nixon pone certain "reforms." response by the American people to a White to Peking were overcome by a kind of It is true that Stalin's brand of terrorism House action. hysteria, the chief symptoms of which were was "capricious." But since the Bolsheviks President Ford says the pardon was moti­ open-mouthed credulousness and a bad case first took control of Russia, terrorism has vated, at least in part, by his desire to heal of the giggles. The praise these experienced been state policy. A totalitarian regime can­ the wounds of Watergate. He clings to this reporters rained down upon Mao's totalitar­ not survive without terrorism. And a to­ rationale despite the clear evidence that ian regime was startling. One might have talitarian Communist regime is particularly this totally premature, confusing, and un­ thought they were just returned from a dependent on terrorism because it requires a precedented pardon is opposed by a major­ Gray Line tour of Eden. hideous contortion of human nature. ity of Americans and is viewed as a further But even more troubling than their im­ PILLARS OF THE STATE cover-up of Watergate. plicit and explicit approval of Chinese com­ Russia and China may be free of huge The wounds have, in fact, been reopened, munism was the giddy tone of their reports. blood baths today, but the controlling ideol­ leaving to fester suspicions of White House Not only did those reports ring with respect­ ogies would not have had a chance of popular deals, deception, abuse of Presidential power, fulness for Mao and Chou, they seemed to acceptance if blood baths had not occurred and perhaps further blanket of the reflect an ingratiating attitude that is par­ in the past-no matter what individual Watergate culprits. Most wounding of all is ticularly sickening in a working journalist. reigned at the time. what Mr. Ford's action has done to our con­ LAMBS BEHIND THE CURTAIN Nor is there any way for present Kremlin cept of equal justice for all and the belief Not all the reporters who went on that leaders to disavow Stalin's unspeakable that the President is accountable for his trip took leave of their critical powers. But to cruelty. The slave camps, the torture, the actions and not above the law. This is the my mind many of them did. Something hap­ millions of political murders-these are the very concept that was supposed to have pens to some American newsmen when they pillars of the Soviet state. Stalin's tempera­ been reaffirmed by this committee in its im­ venture into the la'ir of the Red overlords. ment was responsible for the number of peachment proceedings and vindicated in The same individuals who stand ready to atrocities but not for their acceptability as Mr. Nixon's forced resignation. raise hell with a U.S. Secretary of State be­ omcial policy. Today dissidents risk imprison­ It would be a disservice to that concept to come strangely sheepish-almost little-girl ment in mental hospitals and forced labor leave unchallenged the many contradictory shy-when they are examining the life and camps. They are in less danger of their lives. and self-serving statements that have been leadership of a Communist state. Does this mean that the Kremlin no longer issued by the principals, their subordinates I am not alone l.n this opinion. Aleksandr rules by terror? Ask Solzhenitsyn. and others in this affair. Further, I believe I. Solzhenitsyn, in his recently televised When American reporters were finally ad­ the legality of both the pardon itself and the interview with Walter Cronkite, made exactly mitted to China, they were struck by the arrangement under which the tapes are to be that point. The greatest Russian writer of cleanliness and orderliness of a country fam­ returned to Mr. Nixon should be challenged. the century said it perplexed him that West­ ous for filth and chaos. Many of them, I The Congress and the Committee on the ern newsmen could behave like a pack of think, decided to believe the result was worth Judiciary have a primary responsibility to wolves (I paraphrase him) when they were the cost. act in behalf of the American people on all after a story from an exiled writer, and yet That is an attitude unworthy of free men. aspects of these issues. I am aware that a were as meek as lambs when on assignment In this century events have shown that number of resolutions dealing with these behind the Iron Curtain. Communist ideology is so faulty a system of matters are before the committee. I will ad­ In the first sentence of this column I ideas that only terror can save it from aban­ dress myself here primarily to my Resol u­ confess ignorance of the reasons for the donment. Because this is true, there is no tion of Inquiry, which is privileged and can double standard. That is somewhat rhetorical. need for any of us to behave deferentially be called up on the floor of the House within At least two explanations come to mind. toward Communists or to doubt Solzhenitsyn seven legislative days after introduction, and to some observations on the legality of the THE HOST PACKS A GUN when he tells us their problem is basic. pardon. For one thing, a Western reporter in a I believe approval of the Resolution of In­ Communist country tends to feel a little quiry is a necessary step in an investigation like a guest in the house of an eccentric. As HEARINGS ON NIXON PARDON this committee should conduct to determine a guest, one instinctively is reluctant to re­ all the facts in the events leading up to the mind the host of his peculiarities. If on top issuance of the pardon. The American people of that the host has a long criminal record HON. BELLA S. ABZUG have a right to know these facts. They have about which he is acutely sensitive, it is OF NEW YORK a right to get answers to their questions in human nature not to remind the gentleman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES an appropriate forum from witnesses under that his house was bought with the blood Wednesday, September 25, 1974 oath, instead of in speculative news stories of his innocent victims. The guest's discre­ and columns, television interviews and other t ion is increased further when he considers Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, yesterday publicized unsupported and contradictory that his host packs a gun. I had the privilege of testifying befot·e comments by a host of people who have been 32658 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1974 involved in the pardon controversy in one 4. Who participated in these and subse­ and the Presidency. He is in a particularly way or another. quent discussions or negotiations With Rich­ vulnerable position because he is the first The response of the President to the ques­ ard M. Nixon or his representatives regarding non-elected President in the history of our tions propounded in the Resolution of In· a pardon, and at what specific times and nation and because he was named to the quiry which was sent to him by the Chair­ locations? Vice Presidency by a discredited and im­ man of this subcommittee reveals a non­ 5. Did you consult With Attorney General peachable President. The Committee on the serious and trifling attitude that demeans Wllllam Sa.xbe or Special Prosecutor Leon Judiciary which recommended confirmation the authority and dignity of this committee Jaworski before making the decision to par­ and the Congress which confirmed his nomi­ and this parliamentary procedure. It is don Richard M. Nixon and, if so, what facts nation also have a responsibility to the totally inadequate :for Mr. Ford to respond and legal authorities did they give to you? American people to investigate and report by sending a batch of White House press re­ 6. Did you consult with the Vice Presiden­ to them on the conduct of President Ford in leases and an accompanying letter. tial nominee, Nelson Rockefeller, before mak­ connection with the pardon and the agree­ I have in the past introduced a number of ing the decision to pardon Richard M. Nixon, ment on the tapes. Resolutions of Inquiry which have been ad­ and if so, what facts and legal authorities President Ford's own actions and many dressed either to the President or to mem­ did he glve to you? conflicting statements have added to his cred­ bers of his cabinet. This is the first time in 7. Did you consult with any other attor­ ibility problem. On August 28, 1974, in his my experience that there has not been a neys or professors of law before making the first news conference as President, he advised point by point specific response to specific the American public that he was not going questions even though in some cases I have decision to pardon Richard M. Nixon, and, if so, what facts or legal authorities did they to make any comment on a pardon "during not felt the answers to be satisfactory. the process of whatever charges were made.'' It should also be noted that this Com• give to you? 8. Did you or your representatives ask He further stated that it would be "unwise mittee is still operating under House Resolu­ and untimely" for him to pardon Nixon be­ tion 803, adopted on Feb. 6, 1974, which au· Richard M. Nixon to make a confession or statement of criminal guilt, and, if so, what fore any charges had been brought against thorized and directed the Judiciary Commit• him. Yet, just two days later, on August 30, tee "to investigate fully and completely language was suggested or requested by you, your representatives, Mr. Nixon, or his he asked Philip Buchen formally to study whether sufficient grounds exist for the House the presidential power of pardon. Further­ of Representatives to exercise its constitu• representatives? Was any statement of any kind requested from Mr. Nixon in exchange more, according to a report in the September tional power to impeach Richard M. Nixon." 22 Washington Post, as early as Friday Sep­ The committee has not been discharged for the pardon and, if so, please provide the suggested or requested language. tember 6 Ford had revealed to his staff his of this duty. The articles of impeachment intention to pardon the ex-President. Thus voted out by the full committee were never 9. Was the statement issued by Richard M. Nixon immediately subsequent to announce­ it presumably took the White House less than debated or voted upon by the full House, de­ a week to make a study of and reach a de­ spite its vote to accept the committee re­ ment of the pardon made known to you or your representatives prior to its announce­ cision on this highly controversial and ex· port. Incidentally, I said at the time that the plosive issue. House should vote on approving the articles ment, and was it approved by you or your representatives? The question naturally arises as to whether of impeachment, instead of evading this is· the President consulted fully on this question sue, and I believe that events since then 10. Did you receive any report from a psy­ chiatrist or other physician stating Richard With Attorney General Saxbe and Special have shown it was a mistake not to do so. Prosecutor Jaworski to find out whether I would also note in passing that the House M. Nixon was in other than good health? If so, please provide such reports. they considered legally valid a pardon, issued can still vote on impeachment, and l:f there We need direct answers to these direct before indictment or trial, a pardon that the is no other way to enter on the record books President himself described as unprecedented, the political crimes for which Richard Nixon questions, answers that the committee can corroborate in the course of an inquiry and and that did not specify the offenses for was forced to resign, then I believe the House hearings. There are suspicions that Richard which the pardon was issued. The question should proceed to a vote. Nixon may have made a deal on the pardon also arises as to whether the President asked Under Resolution 803, this committee is with before nominating him to Sa.xbe or Jaworski what effffect the pardon :fully empowered to determine whether there the Vice Presidency. If Richard Nixon made would have on the pending Watergate trial 1s any new evidence relevant to the conduct Ford's elevation to Vice President condition­ and other possible investigations, indictments in office of the former President. al upon thf! promise of a pardon or even and trials, or did he already have in mind My resolution requires the President to if Nixon conditioned his own resignation on what he later hinted at-a wholesale pardon answer specific questions about the circum­ a promise of receiving a pardon, then con­ for the entire Watergate gang. stances leading up to the pardon proclama­ ceivably Mr. Ford could be charged with ac­ In his pardon proclamation, President tion. cepting a bribe, which is an impeachable Ford made the prior judgment that Richard There are, of course, many other questions offense. Grim as this possibility may be, it Nixon would be unable to obtain a fair trial, that can and should be asked of the Presi­ is nonetheless the duty of this committee implicitly an attack on our judicial system, dent and others involved in this affair, and to investigate the facts and make a deter­ and also expressed his belief that "ugly pas­ I have submitted to the chairman a list of mination. sions would again be aroused" during the those who I believe should be called before There are suspicions that General Halg, long period of delay before Mr. Nixon could this committee, including: President Gerald who reportedly was instrumental in convinc­ be brought to trial. As we know, Mr. Ford Ford, Attorney General William Saxbe, Spe­ ing Mr. Nixon to resign, may have held out has accomplished the reverse of what he said cial Prosecutor Leon Jaworski, Alexander to him the promise of a pardon. There are he intended to do. Ha.ig, Benton Becker, Philip Buchen, Herbert suspicions arising from the belief that in the Finally, President Ford inserted in his J. Miller, Ron Zeigler, Dr. Walter Tkach, negotiations for the pardon, the roles ap­ statement a sentence which said that "seri­ Dr. John C. Lundgren, Julie Nixon Eisen­ pear to have been switched, with Mr. Ford ous allegations and accusations . . . hang hower, and Richard M. Nixon. acting as supplicant and Mr. Nixon dictating like a sword over our former President's head But as a preliminary, it is vital that we the terms of the pardon, the socalled state­ and threaten his health as he tries to re­ get answers to the :following questions from ment of contrition, and the agreement on shape his life . . ." It is this factor that has Gerald Ford: the tapes. There are grave questions as to become the subject of the Widest specula­ 1. Did you or your representatives have whether, in issuing a pardon before Nixon tion and conflicting reports. Did President specific knowledge of any formal criminal was indicted, tried or signed a statement of Ford receive any new evidence in the inter­ charges pending against Richard Nixon prior guilt, Mr. Ford abused his pardon powers. val between August 28 and August 30 indi­ to issuance of the pardon? If so, what were And, of course, there are a multitude of cating a change in Nixon's health-physical these charges? questions about whether Mr. Nixon's physi­ or mental? cal or mental condition justified such an un­ I regret, of course, that Mr. Nixon is ill 2. Did refer to or discuss precedented pardon. a pardon for Richard M. Nixon With Richard and has had to be hospitalized. The gravity I make no judgment here as to whether of his present illness can no doubt be de­ M. Nixon or representatives of Mr. Nixon these suspicions are justified. It is a fact, termined by court appointed physicians, as at any time during the week of August 4, however, that they are widespread and only may be requested by Special Prosecutor 1974 or at any subsequent time? If so, what a :full investigation by the Committee can Jaworski. Certainly, no one wishes Mr. Nixon promises were made or conditions set for a either confirm some or any of them, or lay ill health or physical punishment, and clear­ pardon, 1f any? If so, were tapes or tran­ them to rest. ly he is suffering over his fall from enormous scriptions of any kind made of these con­ For more than two years the American power. How could he feel anything but re­ versations or were any notes taken? If so, people suffered the consequences of having a gret and anguish? But it is a mark of the please provide such tapes, transcriptions or President who lied and misled them at every man and his reputation for trdckery and de­ notes. opportunity throughout the course of the celt that even now, people are questioning 3. When was a pardon for Richard M. Nixon Watergate investigations. The stability of our whether he is seriously ill or whether he has first referred to or discussed With Richard nation requires that the citizens be able to taken refuge in a hospital to escape testi­ M. Nixon, or representatives of Mr. Nixon, believe that their President is telling them fying at the Watergate defendants trial, or to by you or your representatives or aides, in­ the truth, at least most of the time. In the develop sympathy as a rationale :for the par- cluding the period when you were a Member wake of the pardon, Gerald Ford has created don. · of Congress or Vice President? an enormous credibility problem for himself Most of the facts respecting Nixon's health September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32659 were released following the pardon. They ap~ looks offense; the other-pardon-remits would support and initiate efforts to inves­ peared to be a well-orchestrated after-the~ punishment. tigate the validity of the agreement concern­ fact attempt to protect the vitality of the The first is usually addressed to crimes ing the tapes and take appropriate steps to pardon by promoting the notion that Nixon against the sovereignty of the State, to polit­ preserve this valuable evidence in whatever was grievously ill. We are familiar with the ical offenses, forgiveness being deemed more way it deems possible. alarming statements issued by Dr. Tkach, expedient for the public welfare than pros­ The committee should also support the Mr. Nixon's personal physician. According to ecution and punishment. The second con­ resolution which suggests that the House go Dr. Tkach, the former President was a rav~ dones infraction of the peace of the state. on record favoring the grand jury going for­ aged man who had lost his will to fight. Amnesty is usually general, addressed to ward with the indictment and Mr. Jaworski However, after Dr. Tkach left San Clemente, classes or even communities, a legislative signing it. communications director Kenneth Clausen act ... the act of the supreme magistrate." The committee should also consider lend­ spent three hours with the former President When the Burdick case went to the Su­ ing its support to a legal challenge as to the and said he seemed animated and in no vis~ preme Court, the justices were asked to rule validity of the pardon. on whether the President had the authority ible pain. I want to thank this committee for its Did Mr. Nixon's condition suddenly worsen to pardon Burdick before he had been in­ dicted. The court, however, ruled on another consideration of this matter and for agree­ after the pardon? Or did Mr. Ford receive ing to have me come to testify before it. new information about Mr. Nixon's health issue, whether Burdick could decline the after his first news conference? The Ameri­ pardon. Stating that a grant and acceptance can people have a right to know. Certainly of a pardon ''carries an imputation of guilt; their deep sense of compassion and fair play acceptance a confession of it," the court held ARTIST ERNIE BARNES: EMPHASIS should not be played upon, if the facts do that an individual does not have to accept ON THE POSITIVE not warrant it. a pardon. Finally, beyond the questions raised in The need for either a confession or judg­ my Resolution of Inquiry, I believe the Judi­ ment in a pa rdon case is evident from the ciary Committee should support efforts to language of the Constitution itself: the HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. obtain a legal test of the validity of the power to grant pardons only goes to "of­ OF MICHIGAN pardon. I have already called upon Attorney fenses." Without either a confession or at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES General Saxbe and Mr. Jaworski to make the very least an indictment, there is no of­ such a test possibly by proceeding with an fense. Richard Nixon has made no confession Wednesday, September 25, 1974 indictment of Mr. Nixon, if the evidence so or admission of guilt and there has been no Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, the im­ warrants, and I would like to state my indictment. Instead, in collaboration with reasons. President Ford, he has made a statement of pression most Americans have of the I disagree with those who claim the par­ "contrition" which is a religious rather than ghetto is one of an environment breed­ don was a constitutional exercise of presi­ a legal concept. ing only crime, destitution, and hopeless­ dential power and cannot be overturned. The first case examining the power of the ness. While these are indeed realities of President Ford himself asserted in his state­ President to pardon was United States v. ghetto existence, they should be distin­ ment announcing the pardon that "there are Wilson, 32 U.S. 150 (1833). The question in­ guished from the positive human quali­ no historic or legal precedents to which I can volved there was whether it was necessary ties possessed by many of the individuals turn in this matter," and there is already for an individual to accept the pardon in serious debate within the legal community order for it to become effective. The court living there. One man with such a view­ as to the constitutionality of Ford's granting held that it was, and that a pardon was point is California artist Ernie Barnes, a pardon before formal charges were filed without effect if the person refused it. Under whose 35-painting exhibit entitled, ''The and without a formal admission of guilt from this decision, it was also held that a court Beauty of the Ghetto," will be shown at Mr. Nixon. cannot take judicial notice of a pardon un­ the Museum of African Art, 316 A Street Defenders of the pai·don are on weak less it is pleaded in court. NE., from Thursday, September 26th to ·ground in citing as authority for it an 1867 It would appear from this ruling that the .Thursday, October lOth, thanks to the case-Ex Parte Garland 71 U.S. 33-a 5-to-4 Watergate grand jury is free to proceed with tireless efforts of Ms. Claudette Johnson U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the an indictment of Richard Nixon, as it had ·written opinion explaining the :ruling said: indicated earlier that it wished to do. The who also assisted Mr. Barnes with his "That a President's discretion to pardon court does not have to take notice of Pres­ previous Washington Exhibit in 1970. ,is unlimited and extends to every offense ident Ford's pardon of Richard Nixon unless The excellent and unique quality of the known to the law, and may be exercised at Mr. Nixon pleads it in court. If he should present exhibit already has earned him ·any time after . . . commission (of the plead that he has been pardoned, he .would _special honors for his humanitarian crime) either before legal proceedings are have to state for which offenses he haS been work from Georgia Gov. , taken, or during their pendency or after con­ pa rdoned. viction and judgment." Atlanta Mayor Maynard Jackson, .and Special Prosecutor Jaworski has stated that State Legislator Julian Bond. This language is dictum, was not crucial to the Presidential pardon of Mr. Nixon pre­ the decision in the case, and does not con~ empts any Federal legal action against him Through his art, Ernie Barnes ex­ stitute a precedent. for the period covered by the pardon. How­ presses his belief that the ghetto must Moreover, the impact of the Garland case ever, as demonstrated in my testimony, not not be viewed simply as decaying build­ has been eroded for a number of reasons, only is the legalit~r of the pardon open to ings and city streets. He seems· to me to principal among them being that Garland serious doubt, but also the pardon itself be saying it is also a place where people received a grant of amnesty rather than a neither r ·:ecludes nor preempts grand jury live; a place he says, that is filled with pardon. As you will recall, Garland, who had action. Consequently, I would strongly U!'ge that th0 grand jury proceed with an indict­ love, wit, faith, compassion, and strength. been a Senator in the Confederate Govern~ ment, if the facts warrant it, and that Spe­ It is a place where there is happiness in ment during the Civil War, was granted a cial Prosecutor Jaworski or Attorney General daily life and where the best qualities in blanket Presidential amnesty, which applied Saxbe sign it, so that the American people each human being enable most black to all crimes that may have been committed may be assured that the syst-em of equal jus­ people to :fight the good fight against an during the war. tice prevails and so that the groundwork may environment that could easily over­ The courts have come to draw a distinc­ be laid for a court test of the constitution­ whelm them. It is a life of good friend­ tion, not drawn by the Garland court, be­ ality of President Ford's action. ships and dreams of better days, dep.icted If it is shown that the pardon WP<1 intended ·tween amnesty and pardon, and this is a in some of his paintings by a young boy ·significant distinction as it relates to indi~ to prevent an indictment or a trial, contrary vidual admission of guilt. to the President's stated reasons for the par­ playing basketball on a dirt court, or by a The phrase "reprieves and pardons" as used don, and if it is shown that the agreement man enjoying himself shooting some in article II, section 2 of the Constitution on the tapes was intended to prevent further pool, or by others just standing around information from becoming public, then has been interpreted as a phrase of art in~ ''rapping." eluding within its purview reprieves, com­ these actions might well be construed to be an abuse of power by President Ford and/ or I invite my colleagues to join with me mutations, pardons, both conditional and an obstruction of justice. in evaluation of Ernie Barnes' work, the \.1 nconditional, and amnesties (Lupo vs. In view of the President's unresponsive work of a man who emerged from the Zerbst, 92 F2d 362, 365 (CA 5th 1937). reply it seems to me that the subcommittee ghetto through excellence in athletics, The Supreme Court has recognized that has no alternative but to act favorably in "amnesty and pardon" are distinct and dif­ reporting this Resolution of Inquiry to the and now, having achieved distinction in ferent. In an 8-to-0 ruling in Burdick vs. full committee with the recommendation the arts, unselfishly devotes himself to United States, 236 U.S. 79, 94-95, it stated that the full committee likewise report it out sharing his philosophy of black pride that they "are of different character and have favorably to the floor. with the youth of our cities so that their different purposes. The one-amnesty-over- I would also hope that the full committee futures may be as productive as his own. 32660 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 1974 A 120-DAY NOTICE OF GROUNDING I am sending a letter slmllar to this one semination. Message should be retransmitted ORDER FOR ENLISTED FLYERS to General Benade and to the Secretary of to subordinate elements within 96 hours. the Navy. Thank you for your assistance. MESSAGE FROM DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, HON. LES ASPIN Sincerely, AUGUST 5, 1974 LES Ast?IN, OF WISCONSIN Subj: Advance notification of removal of en­ Member of Congress. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES listed personnel from flight duty A. AR 600-106, aeronautical designations Wednesday, September 25, 1974 AUGUST 16, 1974. and flying status for Army personnel Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, on the 16th Hon. LES ASPIN, B. DA MSG, DAPC-PM, DTG 051732Z Apr. House of Representatives, 74, Subj: Advance notification of removal of of August the Army answered my letter Washington, D.C. enlisted personnel from flying pay of July 23 asking how the Congress 120- DEAR MR. ASPIN: This is in reply to your C. DA MSG DAPC-PM, DTG 171230Z Jul 74, day notice of grounding order for enlisted letter of 23 July 1974, concerning the ad­ Subj: Removal of enlisted personnel from flyers would be implemented. Secretary vance notification of removal of enlisted per­ flying duty (notal) Callaway provided me with his Apri11974 sonnel from flight duty. 1. Reference B established the policy that message to all units which directed notice Lieutenant General Benade's letter dated all enlisted personnel on :flying status would to enlisted crew members "to the extent 8 August 1974 concerning the views of the be provided a 120 days advance notification practicable." This qualified obedience to Department of Defense on this subject is, prior to involuntary removal from flight duty. I believe, fully responsive to your questions. 2. Reference C required a one time report Congress' directive has subsequently The Army has, of course, been working in from major commands of all enlisted person­ been found unsatisfactory by the Mili­ full cooperation with the Department of De­ nel who were involuntarily removed or placed tary Compensation Subcommittee of the fense, and we will continue wholeheartedly on orders which would remove them from Armed Services Committee. As a result, to do so. flight duty without 120 days advance notifi­ the Army as well as the other services As you have requested, I am attaching a cation to include reasons. have been once again directed to notify copy of our April message to Army com­ 3. The purpose of this message is to pro­ enlisted men 120 days prior to removal manders establishing the policy that all en­ vide further policy guidance in this area. listed personnel would be provided 120 days House report No. 93-799 directed that regula­ from flight pay and to do this without advance notification prior to involuntary re­ tions be promulgated to insure that at least qualifications or vague exceptions. moval from flight duty. Additionally, the 120 days advance notice be provided to en­ My letter, Secretary Callaway's an­ policy that General Benade implemented in listed crewmembers prior to their involun­ swer, and the Army's directives follow: his 26 July 1974 memorandum on this sub­ tary removal from flight status. In view of JULY 23, 1974. ject has been disseminated to Army com­ strong concern expressed by Congress over Hon. HOWARD CALLAWAY, manders by message as of 5 August 1974; a compliance with this requirement it has been Secretary of the Army, The Pentagon, Wash­ copy of that message is also attached. I un­ deemed imperative that the policy measures ington, D.C. derstand that you were provided a copy of outlined below be implemented as expedi­ DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Subcommittee #4 of this 26 July memorandum with the Depart­ tiously as possible pending the processing and the Armed Services Committee has recently ment of Defense reply. issuance of changes to appropriate regula­ questioned General Benade and the Air We will continue to work with General tions. Force's Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Benade to protect our members' entitlements · 4. Policy guidance: General Roberts, about Congress' require­ and privileges, and to ensure that our man­ A. Definitions. ment that enlisted crew members cannot agement system is responsive to individual (1) Enlisted crewmember. An enlisted be removed from flying status without 120 needs. Your concern for equitable treatment member on competent orders which require days' notice. General Benade has sa id he of our members is appreciated. the performance of hazardous duty involving ;needs legislative authority to accomplish Sincerely, frequent and regular participation in aerial this, but General Roberts has found the ad­ HOWARD H. CALLAWAY. flight. ministrative measures available to him suffi­ (2) Proper advance notification. ciently flexible to allow his service to observe (A) Receipt of orders by enlisted crew­ MESSAGE FROM DEPARTMENT OF ARMY, members indicating reassignment to ground the order of Congress. The Air Force has now APRIL 5, 1974 centralized grounding actions that cannot be duty, or accommodated at lower command levels and ATCOM: For Army, USDAO, MAAG, MILGP, (B) Notification to enlisted crewmember will allow temporary overmanning authority and MSN receiving direct. in writing by competent authority of im­ so that 120 days' notice of grounding can al­ Subj.: Advance notification of removal of p::mding removal from flying status or verbal ways be given. enlisted personnel from flying pay. notice of same, providing an appropriate The Subcommittee was asked to grant some 1. Reference AR 600-106, aeronautical des­ memorandum for the record is made, or exceptions to the 120 day requirem·ent. These ignations and flying status for Army person­ (C) Written notification to enlisted crew­ were crew members grounded for cause or nel. member of medical disqualification. because of medical disqualification for flying 2. To prevent hardships caused by the B. Policy. duty. The third exception was for enlisted sudden loos of flying pay for enlisted per­ (1) That enlisted crewmembers be accord­ noncrew members who are assigned flight sonnel as may occur under the provisions of ed at least 120 days advance notification duties for a period or for a task specified paragraph 14B, cited reference, the follow­ prior to being involuntarily removed from in orders. Since these categories are the same ing policy is effective upon receipt of this flying status through no fault or action of for officers and enlisted men and because they message. their own. seem fully justified exceptions, the Subcom· "A 120 day advance notification will be (2) Assignments of enlisted crewmembers mittee did not object to them. provided, t<> the extent practicable, to all will be intensively managed in order to General Roberts has suggested one other enlisted personnel on crewmember or non­ achieve the required advance notification exception that could, in rare cases, be re­ crewmember flying status prior t<> involun­ prior to removal from flying status and the quired. When aircraft are not available, the tary removal from flight duty." los::. of flight pay. legal requirement of "frequent and regular 3. This policy does not constitute author­ (3) Exceptions to the 120 day advance aerial flight" might not be met. Since "fre­ ity for entitlement to flying pay not already notification policy may be authorized under quent and regular" are defined by executive provided for in the applicable regulations. circumstances in which removal from flight order, granting exceptions might be a way Rather, the intent of the policy is to insure status is individually generated by an en­ of avoiding the perhaps complex procedure that maximum consideration and advanced listed crewmember as a result of his volun­ to change executive orders. In any event, planning prevail in those situations that tary actions or inactions. this one area of exception does not appear may result in enlisted personnel losing tl~elr (4) Additional exceptions will be made on to require a legislative solution. entitlement to flying pay. It is recognized a case-by-case basis and approved only by Nevertheless, Chairman Stratton has sug­ that the ability to provide the above ad­ this headquarters (DAPC- PMP-I). gested legislation might be the best way to vance notification is in:fiuenced and •lepend• C. Reporting. A system which will provide insure enlisted crew member save-pay for ent on numerous factors, some of them be­ for semiannual reporting of the number and 120 days or some other period. If you think ing beyond your control. Nevertheless, to type of exceptions granted will be established the matter should be considered by Congress, minimize inequities and provide enlisted by forthcoming DOD instructions. I would like you to tell me what features personnel receiving flying p 3.y the advance 5. Notwithstanding. This message does not you wish to see in an enlisted flight pay notiflcation necessary to make adjustments, constitute authority to continue flying pay protection bill. it is essential that the above procedure be to enlisted crewmembers who have been re­ In addition to your legislative suggestions adhered to whenever possible. moved from flight status. In carrying out would you also comment on the Air Force's 4. Alternative solutions are considered this policy, applicable provisions of law, Ex­ interpretations of the 120 day notice require­ which will minimize the administrative ecutive Order 11157, the DOD pay and allow­ ment? Please send me copies of whatever in­ workload and at the same time be equitable ances entitlements manual, DOD issuances structions or directives on this subject you frorr. the individual point of view. and service regulations, as appropriate, will have sent to your bases and units. Request this message receive widest dL

SQO million human beings are in the pr{}Cess He is now in his Dansville farm. his hair charged in connection with political influ­ of starving. "Now 500 million people is a lot combed straight back. with, as usual. the ence matters. of people," .Hannah reminds the listener. slight ruffles above the temples. The creases The Investigations Subcommittee under "That's two and a half times the number of on his face. like trenches. are well-,rries and the offi-:::i2.l papers. The latter were af­ Mr. Buchen: I am sure the historians will on the cover-up. fected with a public int erest and the govern­ p rotest, but I think historians cannot com­ This is of a piece with his conduct on t h e ment had a right to decide on the one hand plai:a if eviden ce for history is not per­ pardon. He gave the Sen ate committee and whether they could be publish ed at all and petuat ed which shouldn't have been created the country the clear impression, without on the other- il1 t he first olace. saying so directly, in that disingen uous style "From the n ature of the public service, or This was· Nixonism, pure and u ndefiled. of the Nixon and Lyndon Johnson eras, that the character of the documents, embracing An honorable man in Ford's shoes before he would not issue a pardon to Nixon. "I do historical, milit:try or diplomatic informa­ ent:: ring into his tapes agreement with Nixon not think the public would stand for it" h as tion, it may be the right, and even the duty, would have consulted the attorney gen::lral, proven to be his most accurate predicti.:m. of the government, to give them publicity, the special prosecutor, and the judges who Ford made another implied pledge at the even against the will of the write1·." have cases involving Watargate or the tapes. same hearing which also deserves m ore n:.tice The added italics nicely fit the case of the He would have sought the advice of Chair­ than it has received. "The at torney gen eral," Watergate tapes. But Saxbe's memorandum man Ervin of the Senate Watergate invEs­ he said, "in my opinion, with the help a!:d interprets this very narrowly as applying only tigation committee a and Chairman Rodino support of the American people, would te to the censoring of national security infor­ of the House Judiciary Committee, both of the controlling factor." This implies that the mation, an interpretation which perfectly fits which still have outstandi!lg subpoen as L r attorney general wDuld be consulted in ad­ Nixon's penchant for seeing national security t a.pes which Nixon refused to honor. vance of a decision on pardon-otherwise how information almost anywhere. At his confirmation hearing Ford over a nd could his views possibly be "controlling" and The Saxbe memorandum also selects one ovar again expressed disagreement with the how could public opinion help him block a sentence from the report on Nixon's tax re­ with nolding of these tapes by Nixon. That he pardon? But the attorney general said the turns made last April 3 by the staff of the has now acted so differently, and so covertly day the Nixon pardon was announced and Congressional Joint Comn1ittee on Internal a11d so swiftly, speaks for itself about the has repeated several times since that he was Revenue Taxation. This 780-page report lim­ true character of Gerald Ford. Tricky Di-:::ky ited its discussion of the question "Who never consulted on the Nixon pardon. has been replaced by Foxy Fort ~. All t h is will If this is true, and Saxbe's press aides keep Owns Presidential Papers?" to two half pages deapen t h e suspicion that the pardon was repeat ing it, then the attorney general was (28-29), perhaps because quita a few con­ p:1rt of a p ren omin&tion deal. If not, Fo!'d gressmen have also been in on the racket of could h ave plainly said so before the Senate as much taken by surprise as Congress and "bequeathing" their papers for tax advan­ the country. The surprise was all the stronger committ ea last November instead of evading tages. the issua with his disingenuous remark that because at Ford's press conference of August Saxbe's memo quotes from this one page 2i:l he over and over again gave the impres­ "the public wouldn't stand for it." Was he the assertion that "the historical precedents then telling the truth, the whole truth and sion that he would take no action on a Nixon taken together with the provision set forth pardon until legal process had run its course. nothing but the truth-so help him the God in the Presidential Libraries Act suggest [our he evokes as effusively and frequen tly as did Yet we now learn that only two days later he italics, not a very strong word) that the Nixon before him? di:;closed to a few intimates that he had de­ papers of President Nixon are considered cided to pardon his predecessor. Duplicity is [again our italics) his personal property the only word for that sequence. a Senator Mondale h as already written Sen­ rather than public property." ator Ervin in the latter's capacity as chair­ The same secretiveness appears in the case The report on Nixon's taxes says that in man of the Senate Governn12nt Operations of the tapes agreement. Despite the h istoric passing the Presidential Libraries Act Con­ Committee asking him to subpoena "all rele­ importance and legal complexity, there was gress "suggested" that it agreed with this vant presidential materials [on Watergate] no consultation with the attorney general in view by authorizing the GSA to acx:ept for de­ in order to establish the right of access to advan:e-so Saxbe's press ofiicers insist. They posit "the personal papers and other personal such materials and to guarantee their pres­ s J.y he did not hear of it until it was an­ [again our italics) historical documentary ervation." He also suggested an Ervin com­ nounced, that the legal opinion he fur- materials of the present President of the mitte-: investigation as the best way "to ac­ United States [Truman)." complish full disclosure a.nd to probe the 2 See pages 39-42 of Senate Rules Commit­ But are the Watergate tapes Nixon's "per­ propriety of the GSA agreement" between tee hearings on the Ford nomination. sonal" property? Has he the right to destroy Ford and Nixon. September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32669 THE tOOTH ANNIVERSARY OF Due to a scarcity of Polish speaking priests, always attached great importance to the ST. STANISLAUS PARISH Father Joseph Dabrowski, of Detroit, and education of its youth. Continuing in the Father Xavier Szulak, S.J., of Chicago, minis­ effort the parish publications include a tered to the spiritual needs of the people weekly Sunday Bulletin, this Education in the interim until a resident pastor could Board Newsletter, and the Athletic Club HON. BOB TRAXLER be supplied. Annual covering current year's events. Plans OF MICHIGAN Lay people who served in various capacities are currently under way to publish a Centen­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES in the organizational days of the parish were: nial History of the Parish. Ludwig Danielewski, Joseph Madajaki, Felix In 1874, the Parish primarily served its Wednesday, September 25, 1974 Tafalski, Simon Nowakowski, Albert Pawl­ members in their mother language. Through Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, this year anty, Andrew Betcher, Anthony Prybylinski, the years, however, because of intermarriage John Bajerski, Vincent Kazyak, and John and expansion, this is no longer true. The the parish of St. Stanislaus Church in Breski. old traditions are maintained to a degree, and Bay City, Mich., is celebrating its tOOth The parish continued to grow and expand. Polish liturgies are scheduled occasionally. year of service to the people and com­ On October 28, 1877 Bishop Borgess confirmed Weekly Lenten services are held in Polish. munity of Bay City. One of the 10 oldest 111 children. By 1886 membership grew to 700 The custom of blessing Easter Baskets takes Polish parishes in the United States, St. families and there was need and a fervent place on Holy Saturrtay (Swienconka). :Many Stanislaus should be proud of a century desire for a larger church. The cornerstone families still follow the centuries-old custom of serving the spiritual needs of its of the present edifice was blessed June 24, of sharing the Wafer (Oplatek) on Christmas people, providing them the opportunity 1890 and the building completed in 1892. Eve. In addition to the annual singing of The Bay City Times Press on July 14, 1892 Polish Christmas Carols (Kolendy) the to worship and offering guidance and described the structure as follows: parish also maintains the custom of blessing counseling. Throughout its entire his­ "The new church edifice is the finest in the of chalk and incense for use in private homes tory, the parish has always attached city and one of the finest in the state. It is at Epiphany time. For almost a half-century great importance to the education of its of brick, with stone foundation and in pure the Men's Choir has led the congregation dur­ youth. In this centennial year, the Gothic style of architecture. It is surmounted ing the 9:30 A.M. Sunday Liturgy. Their parish of St. Stanislaus deserves special on each corner in front with two large towers, hymns usually include a selection of tradi­ tribute for its contributions to the each 175 feet high. There is a gallery in each tional Polish hymns. of the transepts and vestibule. The interi~>i' During 1974 the Parish will commemorate growth and greatness of Bay City. I of the edifice is simply grand." would like to share with my colleagues its Century of Service with planned spiritual The church was designed by Pratt and and social events, between February and De­ in the House of Representatives the Koeppe and completed at a cost of $60,000. cember. story of this parish, as typical of the St. Stanislaus, celebrating it's centennial, An extensive renovation of the building stories of thousands of hearty immi­ holds the distinction of being one of the 10 which has served the parish since 1890 is grants migrating to the new land for a oldest Polish parishes in the United States. about to get under way, with the approval of better life, establishing their roots, and The first school was a rented store build­ Most Reverend Francis F. Reh, Bishop o:ti building our Nation: ing on 19th and Farragut Streets, the present Saginaw, and the Diocesan Building Com­ site of the Kloha-Delta Agency. In 1876 mittee. Renovation plans call for new pews, THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF ST. STANISLAUS Father Augustine Sklarzyk wrote to Mother PARISH carpeting, interior decorating and renovation Monica, Provincial Superior of the Felician of the Sanctuary, to be completed by late Around the year 1865, economic and politi­ Sisters. She personally appointed three Sis­ fall. Mr. Rex Rittenbach, of Saginaw, is the cal conditions in Poland were unstable and ters to staff the school, and accompanied architect. As plans for the Observance of its difficult. As a result of this, Poles as well as them to their destination in the "wilderness 100th Anniversary are formulated, St. Stanis­ other Europeans, began to immigrr.te to other of Michigan", coming here from Polonia, laus Parish numbers approximately 1,600 countries. Many Poles found their way to Wisconsin. The Felician Sisters later moved families. Father Richard E. Jozwiak serves as America. By the early 1870's they settled in their Motherhouse from Wisconsin to Mich­ Pastor with Father Chester V. Tomaszewski Bay County and by 1873, approximately 200 igan. St. Stanislaus school is the oldest school and Father Robert J. Deland as Associate fam111es resided in the southeastern part of staffed by the Felician Sisters of the Livonia Pastors. Elected representatives of the parish­ Bay City, east of South Madison and Michi­ Province. On January 19, 1879 a frame two­ ioners who currently form the Administrative gan avenues. They knew nothing of the Eng­ story school was built at the corner of 21st Church Committee are: Stanley Borkowski, lish language and the people here knew no and South Grant Streets. It had three class­ Leo Plucinski, Gerald Jantzi, Joseph Madziar, Polish. One of their countrymen, Ludwig rooms downstairs and Sisters' living quar­ and George Majohrzak. Miss Angeline Gasta Danielewski, a taylor by trade, had arrived ters and a Chapel upstairs. Prior to the is the Organist. The Centennial Committee is here about 1867. He was so attentive to the Sisters' arrival, 20 students were taught by composed of the following: Ernest Holka; wants and needs of the newly-arrived that Wladyslaw Pociecha who also served as par­ Stanley Jamrog, Mrs. Harry (Leona Wisniew­ he was looked upon as their chief advisor, ish organist. Sister Mary Cajetan, superior, ski) Michalak, Mrs. Veronica (Nowak) guardian and protector. and Sister Mary Hyacinth and Sister Mary Campbell, and Henry Linkowski (Historian). On February 8, 1874 this group organized Joseph were the first Sisters to serve the par­ the St. Stanislaus Kostka Society. The set­ ish. In 1909 the first eighth graders received tlers had originally attended church services their diplomas. at St. James Church and St. Joseph Church. Eleven classrooms housed 800 pupils, which Under the leadership of Mr. Danielewski, this prompted the pastor, Father Edward Kozlow­ THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR group made plans to build a church to fill ski, to begin the construction of a larger BURN MEDICINE the needs of the Polish-speaking community. school building. In November of 1913, in rec­ The enthusiasm of the Poles was hampered ognition of his outstanding achievements by their lack of funds; however, donations Father Kozlowski was appointed Bishop to HON. GARRY BROWN from prominent residents of Bay City aided serve as an auxiliary in Milwaukee. He left OF MICHIGAN their cause. William D. Fitzhugh gave the the parish on January 26, 1914 and Father IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES site for the church whlch was one square Ladislaus P. Krakowski became the new pas­ Wednesday, September 25, 1974 block, eight lots on the corner of South Grant tor. His first task was the completion of the and 22nd. Streets. Lumberman Nathan B. present grade school building in March of Mr. BROWN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, Bradley donated $500, and as much in build­ 1914. Further development of the parish in­ I am pleased to have this opportunity ing supplies. Work pushed forward and the cluded the construction of the present rec­ building was finished by December at a cost today to join with several of my col­ tory in 1921 and the present convent in 1927. leagues from Michigan in praise of the of $4,000. On December 13, 1874, the parish­ In 1925 there were 1,250 fainilies in the ioners of Bay City's newest church rejoiced parish and 1,100 children in the grade school. National Institute for Burn Medicine lo­ in seeing Bishop Casper Borgess, of Detroit, This provided motivation to establish the cated in Ann Arbor, Mich. solemnly dedicated the church, which was first St. Stanislaus High School. By 1932 there This unique institution is engaged in the fulfillment of their hopes through many had been four graduating classes with a total an almost single-handed effort to reduce troubled months. of 37 graduates. the suffering and death caused by burns. The church was dedicated to St. Stanis­ Due to the lack of funds, the high school laus Kostka who was one of the patron saints The organization's founder, Dr. Irving was discontinued in 1932, to be reopened in Feller, who has been engaged in burn of Poland. St. Stanislaus was born in 1550 in 1950, with 3 graduating in the Class of 1950. Poland. At an early age, he left home seek­ treatment for most of his professional ing further education, and found his way to The year 1952 saw the completion of the new career, has launched a 10-year program Vienna. Desiring to enter the Society of high school building, presently housing the South Campus of All Saints Central High to achieve a 50-percent reduction in burn Jesus (Jesuits) he contined on to Rome deaths and 20-percent reduction in hos­ where, he was received into the Society at School. In the parish's 99 year history, it's the age of 17. He died shortly after. He was primary role has been to serve the spiritual pital admissions due to burns. canonized in 172a and had always been needs of its people and the community, pro­ To accomplish this, Dr. Feller and the revered as one of J!Ae patrons of Poland. So viding them the opportunity to worship and National Institute are moving in two it was that the church built in 1874 was offering guidance and counseling. Above all, directions-burn prevention education dedicated in his honor. throughout its entire history, the parish has and improved burn treatment techniques. 32670 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 19 7 4 At the present time, there are distress­ ed last fall, the principal argument was that and disloyalty. To defect to other nations ingly few hospitals in this country which it would save electricity-and therefore fuel. rather than serve is inexcusable. Those who The same reasoning prompted its wartime stayed as conscientious objectors to serve in can provide specialized burn care and introduction in this country and in Western other areas we must respect and admire even fewer which offer training to physi­ Europe, where several countries made it a because they are sincere. cians in burn medicine. permanent arrangement. That reasoning is After listening and viewing defectors in Dr. Feller's immediate goals are to not refuted by the simple fact that one can Toronto harshly criticized President Ford af­ train 750 physicians in the art of burn now get gasoline without waiting in line. ter his announcement to the V.F.W. National treatment and to make available to hos­ A slack-jawed desire to forget the energy Convention, he had reversed his stand on pitals desiring to establish burn care fa­ shortage does no credit to Congressmen who amnesty: it is evident he put the shoe of only a year ago vied with each other for ways revenge on the wrong foot. As for compas­ cilities the technical, financial, and man­ to demonstrate their deep concern. Yet an sion, that is reserved for people who cannot agerial assistance they will need. amendment to the Emergency Daylight Sav­ help themselves. Not quitters! Both of these programs will, however, ing Time Act of 1973 that would exclude the Like those gallant boys returned to us dis­ cost a great deal of money. In this regard, four months from November to the end of abled who occupy our VA hospitals. Like I am extremely proud of the citizens of February slipped through the House of Rep­ their orphaned children and widows and Michigan and several constituent orga­ resentatives a few weeks ago and is now up aged parent who are left distraught by their nizations. First, the Michigan Legisla­ for consideration by the Senate. loss of an only son and/ or sons. We owe quit­ ture responded to the call by declaring The case for year-round Daylight Saving ters nothing and never will! We seek no re­ Time is shored up by other considerations venge on anyone but we have no intention of the month of September "Burn Preven­ as well-particularly the reduction in auto pampering quitters. They made their choice tion-Burn Treatment Month" to help accidents yielded by an additional hour of to disown our country and as time will come focus attention on this disturbing prob­ daylight for weary home-bound motorists in to truly appreciate those immortal words: lem. The Michigan Jaycees-14,000 the evening traffic rush. But essentially it "Breathes there a man with soul so dead strong-Michigan's 6,000 unionized fire rests on the saving of energy. If D.S.T. re­ who, to himself hath said 'This is my own, fighters, Michigan's volunteer fire de­ duces the peak-hour load by 5 per cent, as my native land'!" partments, the Jaycees ana fire fighters' Consolidated Edison has testified, that should Watergate tore our nation apart and Presi­ be no small consideration for those who talk dent Ford needs all the help he can get to auxiliaries, and Epsilon Sigma Alpha of Project Independence. and bind up the wound. sorority have jointly initiated a fund The energy crisis is int ensifying, not re­ Vietnam remains an open wound, too. It raising effort to raise more than $500,- ceding. A scheme that helps even by 1 per was healing with time and we hope it will not 000 for the National Institute for Burn cent should not be lightly sacrificed to the be reopened with ill-advised false compas­ Medicine. Let me say at this point that slight conven ience of a small percentage of sion. I am extremely proud of these organiza­ the population. Parents of young children On the subject of compassion, if my mem­ tions for displaying the initiative they are understandably concerned with their hav­ ory serves me again, I believe the Vietnamese have in this worthy effort. ing to leave for school when it is still dark, people asked us for our help and our presi­ but for those very few weeks the schools dents were not found wanting of compassion. Of course, more money will be needed. could surely move their schedules up an hour. Our quitters did not know the meaning of Burn injuries are everyone's problem, The Senate can save much more than its compassion. Unfortunately, we did not de­ not Michigan's alone and improved burn own time and the country's daylight by clare war and end it pronto ... that to me treatment and burn prevention should promptly rejecting this year's amendment was our greatest mistake. Because to com­ be everyone's goal. I am hopeful that wit h last year's arguments. mit our youth to battle lines and call it by through the efforts of Dr. Feller and his any other name than war is outrageous. National Institute for Burn Medicine and When are we going to learn double standards because of the support shown by the are destroying us? Why must we support thiS double standard on the question of amnesty? Michigan Jaycees, the Michigan Fire SPEAKING OUT BY E. GRANT Our president now implies we are seeking Fighters, both paid and volunteer, their TAYLOR revenge and we resent its implication. Re­ auxiliaries, and Epsilon Sigma Alpha venge for what? We should be thankful Viet­ sorority, awareness of the problem, rec­ nam separated the men from the boys! We ognition of the work of the national insti­ HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE should be thankful Vietnam has taught Con­ tute, and assistance in this fund-raising OF NEW JERSEY gress a bitter lesson of never again to shirk their responsibility about war. Vietnam as effort will be forthcoming from other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES parts of the country. Thank you, Mr. an undeclared war drained our econom y and Wednesday, September 25, 1974 caused inflation to run away. Now, we need Speaker. mandatory controls. Price, profit and wage Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, recent­ controls are needed. We do not like t hem ly Mr. E. Grant Taylor, past commander but what are the alternatives? Another dou­ of the Disabled American Veterans, sent ble standard is not the answer. SOS FOR YEAR-ROUND DAYLIGHT me a copy of his newspaper column Cut the defense budget now echoes in t h e SAVING TIME "Speaking Out." Mr. Taylor's most re­ ivory halls of Washington and other cuts in. cent column entitled "Amnesty versus areas of compassion to save the econom y. Compassion" is a moving statement of Keep profits, prices and wages booming ... HON. JONATHAN B. B!NGHAM how many Americans feel about Presi­ do not impede free enteprise. This too in OF NEW YORK my book is quitting on America for t h e ef­ dent Ford's amnesty proposal. fluent sector. Throughout our early history IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Although I do not completely share we never flinched from tightening our belts Wednesday, September 25, 1974 Mr. Taylor's viewpoint, I would like to when the need arose. Are we too great n ow? t ake this opportunity to read his Our presidents all use the same cliche, "To Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, when the thoughts into the RECORD for the bene­ serve all the people". No one can serve all House voted to repeal daylight saving fit of my colleagues: the people and its time we stopped kiddin g time during the months of November, ourselves. We can strive to serve as m any December, January, and February, I SPEAKING OUT-A VETERAN'S VIEWPOINT as possible. We can serve more firsts by cut­ argued against such hasty action because (By E. Grant Taylor) ting out serving seconds and thirds to the I felt it would tend to aggravate the AMNESTY VERSUS COMPASSION select ones among us. This means to control country's energy situation. President Gerald R. Ford reversed his po­ the servings. How long it will last will depen d I, therefore, noted with pr..rticular in­ sition on amnesty in favor of compassion and on all of us doing their fair share. not revenge. Veterans deplore his choice of Look what controls did for our nation dur­ terest a recent newspaper editorial urg­ words because it implies draft dodgers and ing WW II. Controls never have to be per­ ing the Senate to reject this ill-timed deserters deserve more consideration as quit­ manent. In a crisis such as we face with amendment to the Emergency Daylight ters than those loyal to our country. In fact, runaway inflation, I see no other choice ex­ Saving Time Act of 1973, for precisely it implies we quit them instead of the re­ cept national bankruptcy. With controls we the same reasons. verse. The question is not whether the Viet­ can stabilize the econ omy an d rebuild I include herewith the editorial which nam conflict was right or wrong. All wars our cities which will take care of full em­ are morally wrong. In this case, three presi­ ployment. Who the bell was out of work appeared in the September 20 edition of dents were involved and if, my memory during WW II? Instead of our fighting a war the New York Times: serves me correctly the Tonkin-resolution let's fight our blighted cities. Let's show the SOS FOR DST was passed almost unanimously by Congress. world we are not all quitters. Let's war on Almost as if by stealth, Congress 1.3 in the Not to declare war outright was in my opin­ crime, disease and ignorance. 'They are our process of repealing around-the-year Day­ ion hypocrisy. The buck passed to our presi­ real enemies today. Some of course will ligh t Saving Time. When the plan was adopt- dents. This issue is based solely on loyalty renege but hell that is t o be expc:::ted. Most September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32671 of us will serve our nation with honor, pride Talking about tough policies "without re­ elation in fuel costs around the world, it and dignity. All we require is the chance to gard for the problem areas and the casual­ ls little wonder that the future viability of do so. Think about It! In the meantime ties," said McCracken, "sounds to people a U.S. flag carriers is currently in serious let me hear from you. little like the government is telling them question. Speaking Out, P.O. Box 513, Jackson, N.J. to eat cake." The gist of the problem facing the U.S. 08527 Mr. Greenspan, meet Mr. McCracken. international airlines, says the Air Trans­ port Association, is that they must vie as free enterprises against competitors that are PITY THE POOR BROKER controlled and financed by governments, and DISCRIMINATION AGAINST U.S. must do so in a market in which both prices and the costs of doing business are also a AIR CARRIERS matter of government edict. What's more, HON. JOE L. EVINS foreign airlines have virtually unrestricted OF TENNESSEE HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN access to the U.S. passenger market, while IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. carriers are hampered at every turn in OF NEW HAMPSHmE their efforts to do business abroad. Wednesday, September 25, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That this nation's airlines aren't faring Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Wednesday, September 25, 1974 very well in the competitive arena is evi­ the Washington Star-News in a recent denced by the statistics. editorial takes the President's top eco­ Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am dis­ In 1973, U.S. airlines exported an estimated tressed by the fact that foreign airports $1 billion in air transport services to foreign nomic adviser, Alan Greenspan, to task countries, but the U.S. imported $1.7 billion for his incredible statement that "Wall are charging our carriers discriminatory smns when the carriers land there. This worth of services from foreign carriers. The Street brokers" are being hurt most by U.S. provided 68% of the passengers that the current inflation and economic is outrageous. It is demonstrably unrea­ crossed the North Atlantic, but 58% of the slump. sonable. total passengers flew on foreign airlines. Mr. Greenspan stated that-- The difficulty is that the American tax­ There are 57 foreign carriers providing serv­ If you want to examine who is hurting the payer is again forced to carry the burden ice to and from the U.S.; only four U.S. most in terms of percentage of lost income, and this must be remedied. carriers (Pan Am, TWA, Braniff and North­ it's Wall Street brokers who are hurt the I hope and trust that the agencies who west) are engaged in scheduled international most. are entrusted with the responsibilities of service in a major way. protecting American interests in this re­ It is against this background that the U.S. The twisted economic perspective of flag carriers are currently seeking redress in gard will see that these inequities are Congress against the unfair and unequal Republican economic advisers has been ended. If they do not, I believe it is a evident for some time-their orientation competitive treatment visited upon them continuing responsibility of the Congress from two sources: foreign governments and is to Big Business, corporate wealth, and not to fund subsidies for this, but instead their own government. "We have now the special interests. to deny the availability of service in reached the point where America's interna­ It is difficult for them to see and un­ terms of route certification to foreign tional airlines can no longer accept such un­ derstand the desperate plight of those carriers until the discrimination stops. equal treatment and continue to be viable who work for a living and whose incomes I intend to bring this matter to the at­ competitors carrying the United States flail: have been 100 percent diminished be­ tention of both the FAA and the CAB at around the world," says ATA. cause they are out of work because of the the earliest opportunity and urge the LANDING CHARGES I AT SELECTED UNITED STATES AND high interest, tight-money policies of this reading by persons who might not be FOREIGN AIRPORTS-BOEING 7478 (200 PASSENGERS) administration. Greenspan's statement familiar with the inequities of the situa­ is a classic that will be repeated and re­ tion, a re.cent article from Airline Pilot (In dollars) membered as a blunder. of August 1974 showing how U.S. airlines Because of the interest of my col­ Land- Per Per Total are taken. ing A/C Pax Pax Total leagues and the American people in this HOW U.S. AIRLINES ARE TAKEN fee charge charge charge charges most important matter, I place the edi­ (By Danna K. Henderson) torial from the Star-News in the RECORD UNITED STATES herewith. The Australian government charges Pan American World Airways $4,200 to land a New York The editorial follows: Boeing 747 at Sydney Airport. At San Fran­ (J.F.K.) z______291 48. 86 5. 82 1, 164 1, 503. 86 [From the Washington Star-News, Sept. 24, cisco, Australia's Qantas Airways pays $271 Chicago (O'Hare). 328 ------. 40 80 408.00 1974] for a 747 landing. MiamL •••...... • 118 ------118.00 Los Angeles •..... 178 ------178.00 PITY THE POOR BROKER In Rome, Trans World Airlines is billed San Francisco. __ _ 237 ------.17 34 271.00 about $600 for each 747 landing (plus a 50% Seattle ___ __ .•.. _ Talk about a faux pas. That was a beaut Honolulu ______902 ------902.00 pulled by President Ford's top economic surcharge if the landing is at night). The 494 ··------494.00 adviser, Alan Greenspan, at one of those Italian national carrier, Alitalia, pays noth­ FOREIGN mini-summits on the economy being held by ing. the administration. When U.S. airlines want to add airplanes to Amsterdam ______1,036 ______3.27 654 1,690.00 their fleets, they borrow money from com­ Frankfurts ______1,395 177.25 1.96 392 1,964.25 Speaking to representatives of union, London•------840 296.10 1.90 380 1,516.10 consumer and minority groups who were mercial banks at interest rates currently in Paris5 ______1,180 94.94 3.54 708 1,982.94 trying to help the administration find a the 11%-12% neighborhood. When a foreign way to keep inflation from picking America's airline wants to buy a U.S.-built airplane, it f~~~~~~~ ======t ~~~ ======t: ~~~: ~~ pockets, Greenspan, chairman of the Presi­ finances the purchase at 7% through the dent's Council of Economic Advisers, said: Export-Import Bank. As a result, the U.S. t Landing charge defined as any charge related to movement "If you want to examine who is hurting the airline pays about $7 million more for a wide­ of aircraft, passengers or cargo into or out of an airport paid by most in terms of percentage of lost income, body jet than does the foreign airline that an airline. competes with it on its routes .. ~Charges estimated for processing passengers through the it's Wall Street brokers who are hurt the International Arrivals Buildings. most." If an Italian industrialist needs to come a To be increased. The reaction was predictable: boos and to the U.S. on business, the Italian govern­ • Plus $150 peak-movement charge. 6 Night surcharge: $12.50. angry retorts. Which undoubtedly were ment requires him to fly on Alitalia. When matched by equally loud groans of dismay an American businessman goes to Italy, the The discriminations that disturb the car­ from the White House and Republican can­ U.S. government places no restraints on his riers the most are those practiced by the U.S. didates battling to hold their own in the mode of travel. (If his destination is some­ government. Par example: fall election. where other than Rome, however, he may ( 1) Foreign airlines spend less for the The Republican party has been trying for find that connecting space on Alitalia is airplanes they fly than do American carriers years to get the public to put aside the "not available" if he crosses the Atlantic on because they are able to finance the purchase notion that the GOP is tied to big busine.ss. a U.S. carrier. But the space will magically of U.S.-built aircraft through the Export­ t achieves some height of political folly f:Jr become available if he changes his transat• Import Bank at interest levels far below the a Republican administration spokesman t-:> !antic reservations to Alitalia.) U.S. prime rate. Over the past 17 years, Ex­ t ell a group of unionists, consumers and These startling facts are just a sampling imbank has loaned $4.2 billion to nearly 100 minority representatives to pity the poor of the discriminations with which U,S. flag airlines for the purchase of 1,009 commercial W'111 Street broker. airlines must contend as they compete for jets, giving these airlines a significant cost Ironically, at about the same time, an­ business in the world transportation market­ advantage over their American competitors. o ~ her Ford economic adviser, Paul Mc­ place. When the burdens of discrimination Congress is now considering legislation Cracken, was saying the administration are coupled with traditional enormous wage that would extend the Eximbanl( charter for ought to humanize its anti-inflation policies. disparities and the recent extraordinary es- another four years and increase its lending CX.."'C--2059-Part 24 32672 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 19 7 4 authorization to $30 billion. The U.S. airline congressional hearings on H.R. 14266 and its munications and navigation networks, air industry is seeking to attach to this legisla­ Senate equivalent, S. 3481: "(We)" empha­ traffic control, and airports at which to land. tion an amendment that would give U.S. car­ size most strongly the shocking difference be· What they object to is footing the bill for riers access to Eximbank financing for the tween the competitive conditions U.S. air­ things they don't use, or paying excessive purchase of U.S.-manufactured airplanes lines find in many foreign countries and the charges that are not related to the cost of used primarily in international service. ATA complete freedom and equality of opportu­ the services rendered. cities as precedent for its request the mari­ nity found by foreign airlines in their oper­ The "for instances" occupy a full volume time industry policy of providing a construc­ ations here in the United States." of the CAB study of restrictive practices. t ion cost differential for ships built in the CAB was even more blunt: "(Foreign) gov­ In some countries, like Italy and Greece, u.s. ernment aviation policy is designed to pro· U.S. carriers pay healthy landing fees while " More favorable financing of foreign carrier teet the government interest and the carrier the national carriers pay none. For example, aircraft purchases has become too much of at all costs, or without regard for cost, as the U.S. airlines spent some $2 million for land­ a burden for the privately owned and fi­ case may be.'' ing fees at Rome in 1973; Alitalia spent nanced U.S. carriers to bear," ATA told the As described by CAB and AT A, here are nothing. Senate Banking Committee. "We believe that some of the practices with which U.S. carriers To the argument that the payment of this major cost of doing business must be must cope abroad: fees by a government-owned airline to equalized for the U.S. tlag airlines operating (1) Because the government-owned na­ a government-owned airport authority in competition with foreign carriers." tional carrier frequently controls both do­ amounts merely to a transfer of funds from (2) The U.S. Postal Service pays much mestic and international services, it is able to one pocket to another, the airlines reply that higher rates to foreign carriers than to U.S. deny connecting domestic space to passengers payment of such fees is carried as an ex­ airlines for the transportation of interna­ who do not enter the country via the na­ pense in an airline's books and thus forms tional air mail. The present rate paid to tional airline. On occasion a rebate of the a part of the cost base for ratemaking pur­ U.S. carriers is 31 cents per ton-mile, but domestic portion of the transportation is also poses. Moreover, says ATA, "it must be as­ the U.S. government, as a member of the granted in return for booking the interna­ sumed that the landing fee charged to the Universal Postal Union, pays as much as tional portion on the national carrier. U.S. carrier is sufficient to compensate for $1.73 per ton-mile to foreign airlines to (2) Discriminatory taxes and fees are often the exemption to the national carrier." In transport U.S. mail. imposed on U.S. airlines. For example, a other words, all of the airport's costs are In an effort to rectify this and similar in­ country may tax the gross sales of a U.S. being paid by outside users. equalities, the airline industry has rallied carrier but collect taxes only on the net in­ In other countries, like England and Aus­ behind H.R. 14266, a bill "to deal with dis­ come of the national airline. Or it may tralia, a different practice prevails. Here the criminatory and unfair competitive practices exempt its own carrier from customs charges. airport authority has two mandates from the in international air transportation." One sec­ Or it may charge duty on support equipment government: to operate a network of air­ tion of the bill would require the payment imported by U.S. carriers but not on equip­ ports and to return a profit. It fulfills its ob­ to U.S. airlines of mail rates no lower than ment brought in by its own airline. In some ligation by establishing for its principal air­ those the Postal Service pays to foreign air­ instances, countries have reduced the duties port a landing fee structure high enough lines for the transportation of the same mail. charged on imported goods if the goods are to balance the losses incurred at secondary (3) There is no legislative mandate re­ transported by the national airline. landing fields. quiring that U.S.-financed travel be accom­ (3) Contrary to the policy that prevails in It is for this reason that U.S. airlines pay plished on U.S. flag carriers. Most other na­ the U.S., many countries allow their airlines $4,200 to land a 747 at Sydney Airport, and tions, by contrast, require that their national to own or control such travel subsidiaries as $1 ,965 for a 707 landing at Qantas, the gov­ carriers be used not only for official govern­ travel agencies, tour operators and freight ernment-owned carrier, pays the same ment travel, but for transportation required forwarders. Since more than half of the total charges to the government airport authority. by !businesses and organizations financed in business of international airlines is produced Through these fees, the carriers are paying whole or in part by the government. In many by travel agencies and similar organizations, not only for the facilities and services they countries, most corporations have some control of the retail marketing system in a receive at Sydney, but for maintaining air­ measure of government control; thus, such foreign country by the national carrier ports they do not use in places like Perth policies mean that U.S. airlines are denied severely curtails the marketing opportunities and Brisbane. access to a large proportion of the world's of U.S. carriers. By contrast, the vast U.S. The situation is similar in Great Britain. business travel market. travel retailing system is available on an There, the fees paid by airlines using Lon­ H.R. 14266, if passed, would help this sit­ equal basis to U.S. and foreign airlines. don's Heathrow Airport are used not only uation by requiring that U.S. government­ ( 4) Currency restrictions create financial financed movements of both people and car­ to subsidize four other airports, but to pro­ problems for U.S. carriers in many countries. vide a 14 % return on investment for the go be accomplished on U.S. airlines wherever Often a U.S. airline is not allowed to ac­ British Airport Authority. This rate of re­ possible. cept local currency in payment for air trans­ turn incidentally, is somewhat above the U.S. ROUTE CARRIERS ENGAGED IN FOREIGN OPERATIONS portation. Some countries require elaborate 12 % rate established by CAB as desirable for AND FOREIGN POl NTS SERVED AS OF JUNE 30, 1973 authorization procedures of citizens who U.S. airlines, and seldom if ever achieved by wish to use local currenc'{ to pay U.S. air­ them. lines, but impose no SU('h restrictions on The startling disparity in landing fees that Area Countries Points payments to the nationa'. airline. U.S. air­ results from such policies becomes evident lines experience long bun aucratic delays in in a comparison between Heathrow and New Europe ______21 39 seeking to couvert and 1:emit funds they York's JFK International. At JFK, where it Africa ______14 14 hold in the natlonal currer ~~y. has its own terminal, British Airways pays Asia ______17 22 (5) The national carri·lr often is given $291 to land a 747, plus about $100 in air­ Oceania ______------5 ~ Western Hemisphere ______32 5 preference in alr traffic con trol handling, as­ craft-related charges such as ramp fees, for ------signment of t«.rminal ana. gate space, bag­ a total of $391. At Heathrow, Pan Am and TotaL______89 136 gage handling, schedule sl 1tt1ng and similar TWA pay an $840 landing fee for the 747s, matters. In some countries. the national air­ plus a $282 terminal air navigation facility (4) Foreign governments spend a consid­ line is provided with free :3ervices by other charge, $14.10 for the use of loading bridges, erable amount of money to entice U.S. citi­ elements of the governmen· ~. and $380 in passenger service charges for 200 zens to fly on foreign airlines, but U.S. air­ CAB characterizes the pn:ctices indulged in passengers--along with an additional $150 lines do not receive equal promotional assist­ by other countries as "qu~~stionable or un­ surcharge if the airplane arrives during p eak ance from the U.S. Travel Service. To remedy ethical" at best and "obviously discrimina­ hours. The total bill comes to $1,675. this problem, H.R. 14266 would require USTS tory" at worst. Where the restrictions se­ Says CAB: "The United States basically to "encourage to the maximum extent feas­ verely curtail the competitive freedom of has no quarrel with levels of landing charges ible travel to and from the U.S. on U.S. U.S. carriers, says CAB, efforts to counteract set to recover costs. But it is another ques­ carriers." them should receive "high priority" in bi­ tion when the rates are designed to subsidize The second source of the discriminations lateral negotiations. The prime objective of other airports-not used by U.S. carriers-or suffered by u.s. flag carriers are the actions the United States, adds CAB, should be to meet unrealistic rates of return on assets. through which foreign governments extend "equality of opportunity for U.S. carriers to It is equally a problem to us when foreign preferential treatment to their national air­ compete for the national traffic on an equal air carriers are exempt ... from the payment lines. footing with the national carriers.'' of landing fees which U.S. air carriers must The problems faced by U.S. carriers in this Although governmental policies aimed at pay." area are well recognized by the U.S. govern­ giving national carriers an edge in the mar­ CAB is also alarmed at the sharply rising ment. They were documented in country-by­ ket are looked upon with disfavor by U.S. levels of airways and enroute charges being country detail by CAB in a two-volume study airlines and the government, they are not levied around the world in a growing move published by 1973, and they are currently nearly as objectionable as are the blatantly to recover the costs of these services from under study by an inter-agency task force discriminatory user charges that are found the people who use them. "There is nothing that is engaged in a major effort to improve in many countries. inherently wrong with this objective if the the financial situation of U.S. international The airlines emphasize that they are not increases are introduced in an orderly man­ airlines. in any way opposed to paying a fair price ner and the cost recovery objective remains As ATA put it in testimony prepared for for services they receive in the form of com- centered," says CAB. "The real crux of the September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32673 problem is whether the entire cost of recovery If there is one attitude I pray has sur­ of a pilot's base salary. Delta currently has can be passed on to the carriers and users vived these two centuries of growing, it 29 pilots assigned to 747 duty. without doing harm in a wide economic is the faith in America, by Americans, to NEW UNREST SEEN context." survive and to do what is right; and the The Delta pact has become a hot issue at In an effort to combat the problem of ex­ nearly every other domestic airline. "We con­ cessive and unfairly levied user charges, the will to make America as great as this belief tells us she is. sider its terms to be superinflationary," says airline-backed unfair competitive practices a spokesman for Braniff Airways, which is bill proposes to give the U.S. government the facing an imminent strike threat from its authority to impose offsetting charges on pilots. Interviews with numerous officials at foreign carriers. The amounts collected would other carriers reveal similar sentiments. With accrue into a special account from which DELTA AIRLINES TOP PILOTS TO few exceptions, they predict it will lead to a payments would be made to U.S. carriers "to RECEIVE $100,000-WHY SHOULD new period of labor unrest in the 300,000- compensate (them) for excessive or discrim­ THE TAXPAYERS SUBSIDIZE AIR­ inatory charges paid by them to the foreign man industry, possible strikes, accelerated LINES? cost problems for managements and still countries involved.'' stronger pressures for further passenger-fare The airlines regard the offset charge au­ hikes. thority primarily as an "ultimate weapon" HO~ to strengthen the U.S. position in bilateral ROBERTJ. HUBER It has dropped Delta's popularity among negotiations, rather than as a revenue-pro­ OF MICHIGAN executives at sister carriers to a new low ducing venture. Pointing out that efforts to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and, in some cases, stirred feelings of anger. "I don't have any friends at Delta," one top ­ moderate excessive fees have not met with Wednesday, September 25, 1974 notable success to date, ATA contends that industry executive snaps when asked if he the authority to retaliate will give the gov­ Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, I was has gotten an explanation of certain terms ernment the clout it needs to force a more of the agreement from Delta. "Some of us amazed to recently learn that Delta Air even are suspicious of Delta's motives," says reasonable approach to user charges. Lines had negotiated a settlement with The airlines are hopeful that their efforts another, hinting that executives of the to improve their competitive position in the its pilots enabling some of the more financially-strong carrier may be relishing world will bear fruit this year, and that senior ones to earn an income of $100,000 the prospect of watching less-prosperous air­ Congress will act on the unfair practices bill a year. This pay is for about 12% flying lines wrestle with the problem of matching before it becomes embroiled in the impeach­ hours a week. The tragic part of all this its pay scales. ment proceedings this fall. is that the taxpayers are continually be­ Delta, while declining to discuss details of ATA summarizes the position of the U.S. the agreement "because it has become a ing asked to subsidize the airlines and rather sensitive matter," firmly denies all the fiag carriers succinctly: at the same time that these Delta nego­ "We firmly believe it is time for the Amer­ charges. "We feel it's a good, sound contract ican government to be aware of these prob­ tiations were going on, other lines were for Delta and we do not feel it's inflationary," lems and to understand the necessity for in Washington asking Uncle Sam to bail asserts David C. Garrett, Jr., Delta president. equalizing the competitive balance that for them out. Delta is a very profitable air­ The ALPA also defends the terms: "We don't years has rested in favor of the foreign com­ line, but certainly now all the other air­ consider the pay increases at all excessive petition. Our international airlines ask no line pilots will want similar settlements under the circumstances," a spokesman says. more than an equal opportunity to compete.'' Braniff is providing the first big test for and the money can only come from one the pattern-setting potential of the Delta place-you and I. In my view, the Con­ agreement. The complex procedures of the gress should eliminate subsidies for the Railway Labor Act that govern airline nego­ airlines until they show a modicum of tiations have been exhausted and the airline's APPEAL TO GO FORWARD WITH THE responsibility in these days of rampant 1,300 pilots will be legally free to strike this WISDOM AND DETERMINATION inflation. I commend the article from the Saturday. Braniff officially says it has made OF TWO CENTURIES AGO, COM­ Wall Street Journal of September 18, its pilots "an excellent offer" and "it's in­ BINED WITH THE KNOWLEDGE 1974 to the attention of my colleagues: conceivable to us that they would strike." OF TODAY But many industry sources think a strike FLYIN.:; HIGH: NEW PILOT-PAY PACT AT DELTA is likely because Braniff has taken a hard AIR LINES HAS THE INDUSTRY AGOG line against ALPA demands that it match HON. JERRY L. PETTIS (By Todd E. Fandell) the Delta pay scales. "They're far apart, and OF CALIFORNIA When it comes to airline pilot salaries, somebody's going to have to bend a lot," many a traveler would take this position: claims one source. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 'Those guys should be paid anything they A $42,000 BASE Wednesday, September 25, 1974 want: when I'm flying my life is in their The Delta agreement was retroactive to hands and I want them perfectly happy." last Jan. 31 and extends to July 31, 1976. It Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, it is a priv­ Listening to executives of other airlines ilege to be a Member of Congress during contained pay increases effective as of Jan. in recent weeks, one would assume that pas­ 31 (5.5%) and May 1 (9.5%) this year, next its 200th anniversary celebration. At this sengers subscribing to that theory and flying Jan. 1 (10.2%) and Feb. 1, 1976 (3.4%). Ac­ observance, let us hope we understand on Delta Air Lines should feel completely safe cording to the ALP A, the two boosts this somewhat more completely today our these days. That's because Delta and the year have raised the current base pay of responsibilities as a Congress, and as a Air Line Pilots Association, representing the Delta pilots-including copilots-to an aver­ Nation, than could be understood 200 line's 3,200 pilots, quietly negotiated earlier age of close to $42,000 and the figure will ap­ this summer a 30-month agreement that proach an estimated $48,000 before the years ago. Today, in contrast to 200 years boosted annual pay rates 31%, including a back, we have an established place til agreement runs out. (A Delta official calls 15% jump this year. Details of that pact have these estimates "too high," but the carrier, international affairs, and respect come to light only in recent weeks and have like most airlines, declines to give its own throughout the free world as a pillar of not been published previously. figures on the ground that pilot pay compu­ democracy. Let us guard these assets It looks to us now like Delta gave them tations are so complex it would be very dif­ closely, and use them for the benefit of all the money they wanted," declares a top ficult to calculate an "average" figure.) mankind, and not for the benefit of a executive of one of the biggest U.S. airlines. By comparison, the ALPA says the aver­ select few. "This pact has created traumatic shock age annual salary of all pilots it represents waves throughout the industry, and its in­ at 36 airlines is now $35,000. Braniff, which Today is an anniversary. But it is more flationary impact probably will spread far. than that-it is a reaffirmation of the be­ is being pressed to match the Delb scales, Delta ca:1 afford it, but it's a big problem says it has been paying its pilots about liefs so eloquently stated, by deed as well for all the rest of us. Every union in the in­ $30,600 on average. as word, two centuries past, regarding etustry will want similar increases and we'll For veteran Delta pilots, the basic pay the purpose of this Nation, and the type be whipsawed." scale jumps are even more impressive: Its of government it would be-of the peo­ The agreement not only puts wages of 747 captains, for example, now average over Delta's pilots well ahead of cockpit crew ple. Let us therefore go forward with a $71,000, up from under $62,000 last y~ar. members at other airlines but also is be­ Their salaries will jump to nearly $79,000 in resolution to carry out the beliefs, needs, lieved to provide for the richest salaries ever January, and by early 1976 will be close to and wishes of today's people. Let us not negotiated by ctny labor union. "We consider $20,000 ahead of their pay rates at the start be deterred by recent traumatic events it as having put our senior pilots in the over of this year. Captains of Delta's next largest in the Nation's Capital. This country was $100,000 income class," an ALPA spokesman planes-wide-bodied Lockheed L10lls and borne out of trauma, and has proven its says. The union obtains that figure by adding McDonnell Douglas DClOs-are now getting the $82,000 base salary the typical Delta base pay of $60,700 and will reach $69,200 strength and determination in the face Boeing 747 captain will reach under the while captains of the smallest plane in its of trauma time and again. I am confi­ · agreement and company-paid pension and fleet, the twin-engined McDonnell Douglas dent our country will do so once more. insurance benefits that a·;erage about 25% DC9, are now at $47,900 and will reach $54,- 32674 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 1974 6')0. First and second officers (known at expected to be the big issue in all of those I am proud that the great State of some airlines as copilots and flight en­ talks. gineers) make less, of course. Subsequent to the Delta agreement, which Michigan is the birthplace of this na­ For its part, Delta says it obtained cer­ was reached without any strike deadline pres­ tional assault on our Nation's burn prob­ tain manning and "duty rigs" changes that sure (a most unusual situation for airline la­ lems, and I join my colleagues in paying will increase its pilot productivity and offset bor talks), negotiations have been concluded tribute to the thousands of volunteers the apparent high cost of the pilot agree­ at Pan American World Airways and Trans and workers who are trying so hard to ment. (Duty rigs are the complicated regu­ World Airlines with the ALPA agreeing to pay give burn victims a fighting chance. lations under which pilots receive pay and increases somewhat below those it obtained flight-time credits toward their monthly at Delta. But industry sources say the Delta maximum hours of work for the time spent contract wasn't a major problem in those on duty when they've not actually flying a bases, partly because of the shaky finan­ plane.) After calculating such offsets, and cial situation of those two international lines IN SUPPORT OF THE VETERANS' taking into account the staggered applica­ and partly because details of the Delta agree­ EDUCATION BILL tion of the pay increases, the agreement will ment weren't yet widely known in the in­ increase the airline's total pilot costs by dustry. 10 % this year, 9 % next year and 3 % in the first seven months of 1976, says Robert Op­ HON. WILLIAM R. ROY penlander, Delta's senior vice president for MICHIGAN BURNS-AWARENESS OF KANSAS finance. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But other airline executives claim they WEEK have carefully analyzed the Delta agree­ Wednesday, Sept ember 25, 1974 ment and, in the words of one, "we just - Mr. ROY. Mr. Speaker, I had hoped can't find any of these alleged offsets." Still HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD that by this time, the veterans' education other concede that there may be productiv­ OF MICHIGAN bill would be signed into law and that ity gains hidden within the contract that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnam veterans would be receiving the will help Delta but that the changes involved wouldn't be of any material value to their Wednesday, September 25, 1974 benefits they rightfully deserve. Unfortu­ own systems. A Delta source says this con­ nately this is not the case. Rather, the fusion isn't surprising because it's impossi­ Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I veterans' education bill is the victim of ble for one airline to figure how another's am pleased to join my colleagues from executive/legislative haggling. contract would work since every carrier has Michigan in recognizing September as There is no doubt that the World War its own unique crew scheduling require­ our State's Burn Prevention-Burn Treat­ II GI bill was one of the most important ments. Also, he says, others may be over­ ment Month." Governor Milliken has and effective pieces of social legislation looking a reduction of about 150 pilots that proclaimed this week as "Michigan Congress has ever enacted. It profoundly Delta expects to achieve through the new Burns-Awareness Week," and thousands agreement in its manning requirements. affected the fortunes of veterans and the Whether or not Delta derived significant of volunteers from civic groups will be post war society. It transformed the Na­ productivity benefits, there's full agreement joining together to raise more than tion's system of higher education. But that Delta's duty rigs already were more fa­ $500,000 to help the National Institute these images from the past should not vorable to the company than those in other for Burn Medicine in Ann Arbor, Mich., cloud our vision of the present. When it airline contracts. Delta gets about 50 actual fight burn injuries and deaths. comes to educational benefits, Vietnam­ flying hours per month from its pilots, the Burn Prevention-Burn Treatment era veterans do not fare as well as their highest among the major airlines and signif­ Month marl::s the beginning of a nation­ Korean or World War II counterparts. icantly above the 43 hours, for example, that wide attack on the problems of burn United Airlines, the largest U.S. carrier, is A 1973 educational testing service averaging. treatment. Long one of our country's study indicated that the " 'real value' of Further, there's little question that Delta largest, but least publicized, health prob­ the educational allowance available to is in better position to afford the settlement lems, burns i:1jure more than 2 million veterans of World War II was greater than any other carrier. It earned $90.6 mil­ Americans every year, 75,000 of them than the current ·allowance being paid lion in the fiscal year ended June 30, an air­ severely enough to require hospitaliza­ to veterans of the Vietnam conflict line industry record even though it ranks tion. Burns kill and cripple more chil­ when adjustments are made for the only sixth in size among the U.S. carriers. dren in a year than polio did at its peak As measured by the Civil Aeronautics Board, payment of tuition, fees, books, and Delta's rate of return on investment for the in 1954. supplies." year was 17.5 %, easily the best in the indus­ Burn treatment costs the Nation over It was my hope that the veterans' edu­ try and well above the 7.1 % average for all · $300 million every year in hospital and cation bill now before Congress would 11 major U.S. airlines. Delta's profitability medicine costs alone. The sad part is equalize the benefits offered to the veter­ also is far above the 12 % rate of return the that, according to NIBM founder, Dr. ans of past wars and to the veterans o.f CAB has set as the maximum target for Irving Feller, few burn victims receive Vietnam. I believe that the bill re­ average industry profits. adequate medical attention for their "With those kind of profits, Delta easily ported by the Conference Committee can afford those salaries but we simply can'·t," burns. Fewer than 100 of the 6,000 gen­ was designed toward this end. It in­ says the personnel vice president of a major eral hospitals in the United States pro­ cluded a 23-percent increase in educa­ airline. "If we could approach Delta in getting vide specialized burn care. In addition, tional benefits, an extension of the en­ rid of some of the 'make work' duty rigs only 41 of the 91 medical schools are titlement to benefits period of 9 months we're stuck with, maybe we could afford affiliated with hospitals offering special­ and the establishment of a new cash similar pay scales. Unfortunately, our pilots ized burn care. loan program. I supported this legisla­ have had their expectations raised by the The goal of NIBM is to alleviate this tion and was disappointed that we, in Delta pay but won't listen to any counter­ proposals to match Delta's productivity dramatic shortage of burn facilities by the House, did not have an opportunity rules," he claims. providing technical, financial, and man­ to cast our votes on this compromise bill. Many airline officials express concern that agerial assistance to hospitals planning The bill we passed in its stead was less Delta's contract will cause them problems not burn-care units. comprehensive in its provisions. This leg­ only with their own pilots, but with other A program of this scope will require islation did not contain the 9-month ex­ employee groups, too. "We've always followed adequate funding, and that is why Burn tension of benefits nor the cash loan a policy of not treating other employees like program. I was disappointed to learn second class citizens and have given them Prevention-Burn Treatment Month in relatively comparable 'catch-up' wage in­ Michigan is so important. Over 20,000 that President Ford supports an 18.2- creases in the wake of pattern-breaking volunteers from the Jaycees, firefight­ percent increase in benefits as opposed agreements with the flight crews," says one ers, volunteer fire departments, the Jay­ to the 23-percent increase contained in executive. "I don't think we'd be in position cees' and firefighters' auxiliaries, and both the conference report and the sub­ to continue that policy now if we have to pay Epsilon Sigma Alpha Sorority are join­ stitute bill approved by the House. our pilots at the Delta rates." ing together in an effort to raise more It is my hope that we will soon over­ Other tests of the Delta pay scales will be come the legislative impasse on this bill. coming up soon after the Braniff dispute. than half a million dollars to help the New contract negotiations involving 12,000 Institute toward its goal. Plans call for We must act swiftly to approve a bill pilots are underway or due to begin shortly a 10-year, $125 million campaign to re­ which provides Vietnam veterans with at United, National Airlines, Northwest Air­ solve the serious burn problem in the the benefits they deserve so that they lines and Eastern Airlines. The Delta pact is United States. may achieve their educational goals. September 2·5, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32675 THE AMERICAN LEGION SUPPORTS RESOLUTIONS OF THE RETIRED EN­ States have changed the fourth Monday of HOUSE COMMITI'EE ON INTERNAL LISTED ASSOCIATION, INC. October called Veterans' Day back to SECURITY November 11 and renamed it Armistice Day. and Whereas, By not honoring the true date of HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT an event, the meaning for the holiday has HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD OF FLORIDA vanished and history bas lost its impact. We OF MISSOURI IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES ask if Congressional action can change his­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torical dates, then how can true history be Wednesday, September 25, 1974 written? Therefore, Be it Wednesday, September 25, 1974 Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, I include Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associa­ Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ in the RECORD at this point, resolutions tion, Incorporated, in National Convention ican Legion, which is our country's larg­ of the National Convention of Retired assembled at Jacksonvllle, Florida, June 22, est veterans' organization, has always 1974, that we whole-heartedly endorse the Enlisted Association, Inc., held at Jack­ changing and renaming of Veterans' Day been known for its dedication to the sonville, Fla., in June of this year. The from the fourth Monday of October to Armi­ American ideal. There is no group more association has done a great deal in help­ stice Day, November 11, and be it further solicitous of the security, strength, and ing all military retired personnel in the Resolved, that we request the Congress of welfare of our Nation than the members problems which beset them. I join all of the United States of America to act forth­ of the American Legion. my colleagues in the hope that remedies with to make November 11 once again Armi­ At a time when opponents of the House can be found to the perplexing problems stice Day. Committee on Internal Security, which which still are with them and with us I chair, are endeavoring to abolish it by here in Congress to solve these problems. RESOLUTION-MEMORIAL DAY transferral of its jurisdiction, a resolu­ Their resolutions are very helpful in this Whereas, By Presidential decree Federal tion was adopted at the Legion's 56th regard. Government has set the last Monday of May Annual National Convention strongly The resolutions follow: as Memorial Day and discontinued the origi­ recommending that the Committee on nal date of May 30 as Memorial Day, and RESOLUTION-AMEND THE FEDERAL EMPLOY­ Whereas, By having this day be a part of Internal Security be maintained as a EES' COMPENSATION ACT a long weekend the meaning for the holi­ standing committee of the House of Rep­ Whereas, The Federal Employees' Compen­ day has been weakened and has lost its im­ resentatives and opposing the transfer sation Act (5 U.S.C. 8101 et seq.) provides pact. Therefore, Be it of its function to any other committee. compensation benefits to civ111an employees Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associ­ It is indeed a privilege and a source of the United States for disabillty due to per­ ation, Incorporated, in National Convention of continuing encouragement to receive sonal injury sustained while in the perform­ assembled at Jacksonville, Florida, June 22, the valuable support of the prestigious ance of duty or to employment related dis­ 1974, that we request the Congress of the ease, and United States of America to aot forthwith American Legion. I am pleased to offer Whereas, Said Act does not apply if one is to make May 30 once again Memorial Day the Legion's resolution for inclusion in receiving retired pay from the Armed Serv­ so that this day will indeed be a day set apart the RECORD, and I commend it to the con­ ices except with forfeiture of such retired to honor our dead comrades. sideration of all of my colleagues: pay; yet allows persons receiving retired pay RESOLUTION No. 113: AMERICAN LEGION SUP• from sources other than the Armed Services RESOLUTION-AMEND THE DUAL COMPENSA­ PORT OF THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERNAL to receive such benefits of the Act without TION ACT OF 1964 SECURITY forfeiture of their retired pay, and Whereas, We consider such action dis­ Whereas, By Public Law 448, 88th Congress, Whereas, For many years, The American criminatory against dedicated personnel who effective December 1, 1964, drastic changes Legion has supported and commended the have remained loyal members of the Armed were made in the various laws previously on House Committee on Internal Security, for­ Services until retirement requirements were the federal statute books regulating the em­ merly known as the House Committee on Un­ fulfilled. Therefore, Be it ployment of retired military personnel in American Activities, and requested that Con­ government jobs, and Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associa­ gress appropriate sufficient funds for it to tion, Incorporated, in National Convention Whereas, For a person to spend twenty or continue and expand its work in the impor­ assembled at Jacksonville, Florida, June 22, more years on active military service, part of tant function of guarding the internal secu­ 1974, that we petition the Congress of the which was during war time, to be told one rity of the United States; and United States to act forthwith to amend cannot be considered a veteran at the time Wherea.S, While the Federal Bureau of said Act to provide full benefits of the Fed­ of a reduction-in-force in Federal Civil Investigation does a splendid job, its work eral Employees Act for retired mllltary per­ Service is an appalling affront to one's per­ must be performed in a confidential manner sonnel. sonal pride and loyalty to one's country. and it does not possess a legislative mandate Therefore, Be it to provide recommendations to the Congress Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associa­ for legislation to strengthen law enforce­ RESOLUTION--OUR MISSING IN ACTION tion, Incorporated, in National Convention ment, engender respect for the law and pre­ SERVICEMEN assembled at Jacksonville, Florida, June 22, scribe penalties for those guilty of vicious Whereas, An agreement was entered into 1974, that we petition the Congress of the and infamous crimes designed to destroy by this nation and North Vietnam in Jan­ United States of America to act forthwith American lives and emasculate the Govern­ uary 1973 so that a determination could be to amend that portion of Public Law 88-448 ment of the United States; and made as to the whereabouts of the remains to reinstate veterans' retention rights during Whereas, This obligation rests solely with of our missing in action military and civilian reduction-in-force in Federal Civil Service. the Congress of the United States and is personnel and/or any further information vested in the House Committee on Internal concerning those still considered missing in action, and RESOLUTION-RECOMPUTATION OF MILITARY Security; and RETIRED PAY Whereas, There is presently an effort under Whereas, no action or accounting has yet way in the Congress of the United States to been taken to finally settle this matter and Whereas, Prior to 1958 a positive system transfer the functions of the House Com­ ease the mental anguish of the families left of computing military retired pay was in mittee on Internal Security to another behind. Therefore, Be it etrect, and Standing Committee of the House, which Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associa­ Whereas, The Cost Price Index for adjust­ would, in effect, mean the demise of the In­ tion, Incorporated, in National Convention ing the retiree's pay has not been equitable, ternal Security Committee and the impor­ assembled in Jacksonville, Florida, June 22, and we are not asking for retroactive re­ tant services it presently renders for the in­ 1974, that we request the President of the computation, but rather to adjust our retired ternal security of the Nation; now, therefore, United States and the Congress of the pay to cope with today's cost of living, and be it United States to take the necessary action to Whereas, Congress has a moral obligation Resolved, by The American Legion in Na­ insure compliance with the aforesaid agree­ to restore the system of recomputing retired tional Convention assembled in Miami Beach, ment. pay for those dedicated retirees who entered Florida, August 20, 21, 22, 1974, that The service prior to June 1, 1958. Therefore, Be it Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associa­ American Legion urge that the House Com­ RESOLUTION-VETERANS DAY tion, Incorporated, in National Convention mittee on Internal Security be maintained Whereas, By Presidential decree Federal assembled at Jacksonville, Florida, June 22, a Standing Committee of the House of Repre­ Government has set the fourth Monday of 1974, that we petition the Congress of the sentatives and oppose a transfer of its func­ October as Veterans' Day and discontinued United States to pass legislation to correct tions to any other Standing Committee of the November 11 as Armistice Day, and the present method of computing retired House. Whereas, Numerous States of these United military pay. 32676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Septernber 25, 1974 RESOLUTION-AMEND THE HATCH ACT AID ADMINISTRATOR APPROVES 3. This policy rests on the following tenets: Whereas, One of the most sacred rights of POLICY DETERMINATION ON a. Inclusion of women in development must a citizen in a democracy is that of the right INTEGRATION OF WOMEN INTO be a conscious concern. Equity and equal to vote and, for this right to be effective, there NATIONAL ECONOMIES opportunity are basic to the developmental should be the opportunity to actively sup­ process of any country. port the party and/or candidate who most b. Under the Percy Amendment, AID has nearly represents the causes in which one the mandate to design programs which in­ believes, and, if one desires, to be a candi­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER tegrate women in the development process. date for office, and OF MINNESOTA This mandate affects, in varying degree, all Whereas, There are approximately 11 mil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sectors and activities within those sectors. c. Women are a vital human resource in lion citizens who cannot contribute to the Wednesday, September 25, 1974 party or candidate of their choice, cannot the improvement of the quality of life in volunteer to work in a political campaign, Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ the developing world. In the home and com­ cannot run for public office, and ber 16 the Administrator of the Agency munity and as producers of goods and serv­ Whereas, It is ironic that the very group of for International Development, AID, ices, they contribute directly to national so­ citizens who execute our country's laws and cial and economic progress. As potential administer its programs are discouraged by Daniel Parker, approved the policy de­ child-bearers, they determine the pace of na­ law from helping to choose its leadership. termination on integration of women into tional population growth. As mothers and Therefore, Be it national economies, which appears below. child-raisers, they have a direct influence Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associa­ Section 113 of the Foreign Assistance upon children in their formative years and, tion, Incorporated, in National Convention Act of 1973-known as the Percy amend­ thereby, influence the building of essential assembled at Jacksonville, Florida, June 22, ment-provides that- human resources for national and interna­ tional development. AID's implementation of 1974, that we petition the Congress of the u.s. foreign aid programs should be admin­ United States to act forthwith to amend the Percy Amendment, therefore, will pro­ istered to give particular attention to those vide a new dimenstion to the resolution of the Hatch Act to open up the political process programs, projects, and activities which tend to Federal employees. critical problems in development. AID's ap­ to integrate women into the national econ­ proach to this implementation will: omies of foreign countries, thus improving RESOLUTION-RETAIN MEDICAL CARE IN SERV· Reveal the actual role and status of women their status and assisting the total develop­ and their contributions to development; ICE FACILITIES FOR RETIRED MILITARY PER­ ment effort. SONNEL AND THEIR DEPENDENTS provide the information and services that The AID policy statement outlines the will enable women to control their fertillty; Whereas, The assumption of continued assist women and girls in self-improvement medical care for the retiree and his depend­ principles which underlie the policy and programs, stressing increased attention to ents was a factor for personnel to remain on the methods by which the policy is to be their practical education in order to permit active duty until retirement, and implemented. choices in their contribution to and benefit Whereas, Personnel were told they would Administrator Parker and his staff from development programs; and provide for have this l':>enefit by recruiters and are stm should be congratulated on the forthright review of AID and other donor programs being told this fact, and manner in which they have sought to which affect women and seek means of help­ Whereas, Many retired personnel planned ing increase the understanding of and as­ for their retirement years expecting to re­ implement the Percy amendment. I fully support AID's policy statement and hope sistance for women in all development areas. tain this benefit and to lose medical care d. The central responsibility for integrat­ would create a hardship. Therefore, Be it that it will soon become an integral part ing women into national economies rests with Resolved, by the Retired Enlisted Associa­ of the Agency's program. LDC governments. While AID can. play an tion, Incorporated, in National Convention The statement follows: important catalytic role in both the inter­ assembled at Jacksonville, Florida, June 22, POLICY DETERMINATION ON INTEGRATION OF national arena and in countries where it has 1974, that we petition the Congress of the WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES assistance programs, real progress requires United States of America, the Secretary of LEGISLATIVE MANDATE host country commitment. Developing coun­ Defense, and the Armed Services to act tries often have very different social, cul­ forthwith to assure continued medical care Section 113 of the Foreign Assistance Act tural, and family relationships from those for the military retired personnel and their of 1973, known as the "Percy Amendment", of the U.S. Any intrusion into these rela­ dependents. requires that the U.S. bilateral development tionships is a most delicate matter-only to assistance programs authorized in "Sections be attempted with adequate knowledge and 103 to 107 of the Act, be administered so understanding of the existing manners and as to give particular attention to those pro­ mores of the people. Accordingly, the role 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE grams, projects, and activities which tend to FOREST AND STREAM CLUB of AID should, as in other areas, conform to integrate women into the national economies the collaborative style. of foreign countries, thus improving their status and assisting the total development IMPLEMENTATION HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON effort." 1. The Administrator hereby directs PPC OF MARYLAND The Amendment gives Congressional en­ and other central and regional bureaus and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dorsement to the increasing concern of the field missions to institutionalize the con­ development assistance community and de­ scious concern for women in development Wednesday, Septembe1· 25, 1974 veloping countries that women participate throughout the Agency's programing proc­ Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last Satur­ fully in the tasks and benefits of economic esses from concept and design through re­ growth. Sections 103 to 107 of the Act, to view, implementation, and final evaluation. day I was proud to attend the 100th An­ which the Amendment refers, calls for con­ All development assistance plans, sector niversary of the Forest and Stream Club, centrating AID resources on critical develop­ analyses and assessments, preliminary and Inc., Westminster, Md. This club has ment problems, including food and nutrition; final project papers and field submissions been an institution in Carroll County, population planning and health; education shall contain a clear statement of how wom­ fostering a love of nature among its and human resource development; selected en in the developing countries will be in­ members by encouraging participation economic and social development problems; volved in the development processes being and fraternity in outdoor sports and and support of the general economy of se­ analyzed and how the plan or proposal will activities. lected recipient countries and international use the capacities of women in the host organizations. country or benefit them. In the approval of Since 1874, the club has aided in the PRINCIPLES plans and projects, strong preference (other preservation of our environment through 1. It is AID policy to implement fully the things being equal) will be given to those propagation and care of the wildlife in Percy Amendment through the inclusion of which provide for effective utilization of area forests and streams. Their credo a role for women in all of the Agency's pro­ women. has always been to protect our fragile grams and projects. 2. Bureaus and field missions will encour­ 2. Development of programs and activities age international development institutions ecology "in order that the coming gen­ and other donors and private voluntary or­ eration may pursue those forms of out­ pursuant to the Percy Amendment, and in accord with the basic policy concepts stated ganizations and foundations to give specific door relaxation and diversion which are above, will be a responsibility resting with attention to the role of women in develop­ the heritage of their race." To this end field missions and with all offices and bureaus ment. Grantors, contractors, and other iil­ they have succeeded admirably, and I in AID/ W. The primary emphasis will be on termediary groups will be required to con­ know you join me in wishing the Forest the integration of women as both agents and sider the role of women. and Stream Club continued success in beneficiaries in the mainstream of the Agen­ 3. Bureaus and field missions will take the next 100 years. cy's programming. steps to collect information which may be September 2·5, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32677 used to illuminate the role, status, and con­ Mr. Myers, who is 40, is a former public Business and Professional Women's Club tributions of women in developing countries. schoolteacher who taught in my home­ This involves three distinct responsibilities. in trying to promote equal opportunities First, substantial improvement is required town of Hamburg and North Collins and for women. The importance of such in the collection of basic national data. on still provides private tutoring while pur­ groups working in local communities the role and status of women in developing suing a career involving composing and should not be underestimated. As a legis­ countries. Although encouraging and assist­ guiding young musical groups, such as lator, I fully recognize that without their ing developing countries in this major un­ the nationally popular teenage "Os­ support we would not be able to pass dertaking is primarily the responsibility of monds" in Hollywood and the DiFranko much of the legislation which is pro­ international organizations, AID should Family whose first record has been an in­ viding the foundation for equal rights. stress the need for improvement of such ternational success. data. through the international channels. Therefore, I believe we should recognize Second, better data on women are required Sung by a choir of freshmen and soph­ people like Eileen Thornton who give of for designing and evaluating AID projects. omores of North Collins High School themselves in worthy causes and I com­ Where this is not available from national in my 38th Congressional District, "Bring mend the city of Trenton for undertak­ or international efforts, AID central or re­ Us Together" has been sent in tape form ing this celebration of National Business­ gio:n.-supported studies and data gathering by Mr. Myers to President Ford at the women's Week. may be required. For example, specific in­ White House. formation on the activities of women in With your permission, Mr. Speaker, I rural areas may be needed to assist in the design and implementation of a rural devel­ should like to share the lyrics of this opment strategy. Third, reasonable report­ composition with my distinguished col­ SALUTE TO FELIX GRANT ing requirements must be designed to keep leagues in the Congress: AID/W informed about effective projects and BRING Us TOGETHER general progress of integrating women in the Let our love bring us together HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY development process by improving the util­ In the days that lie ahead, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ization of and equality of opportunity for Let our differences disappear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES women in LDCs. This information will be And let's walk hand in hand instead. shared within AID and with Congress and Wednesday, September 25, 1974 Let us learn to live together other organizations outside AID concerned Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, Felix with the implementation of the Percy Without bitterness and strife Amendment. That we may build a better life. Grant is one of Washington's cultural 4. On request of the LDCs, the bureaus Forgetting every thing that would divide us, assets. For the past 20 years, he has and field missions will assist in the estab­ Forgetting all the wrongs that have been dominated evening radio in the Nation's lishment or development of women's com­ done, Capital with his "Album Sound," missions, bureaus, and non-governmental or­ With our humanity to guide us, broadcast over WMAL :radio from 7: 30 ganizations in the host countries and en­ Let our many peoples now be one. to midnight, Monday through Friday. courage their work as it relates to legal, Let our prayer bring us together Felix is recognized by those in and economic, and social development activities That God himself might lead the way out of the business as an expert on the which promote the integration of women in To a better, better day. development. In furtherance of this objec­ complete spectrum of blues and jazz tive, bureaus and field missions may co-spon­ music which he popularized on the "Al­ sor conferences and working seminars and bum Sound." His dedication to this provide consultative services and leadership "sound" and his admiration of its crea­ training. NATIONAL BUSINESSWOMEN'S WEEK-OCTOBER 13-19 tors has kept this music alive all these years. He successfully weathered Elvis, the Beatles, Elton John and the Jack­ FROM NORTH COLLINS, N.Y., A SONG HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR. son Five--and won. ABOUT THE REAL SPIRIT OF OF NEW JERSEY The format of the "Album Sound" AMERICA IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES never changes. It is blues and jazz from the traditional to the innovative. Felix's Wednesday, September 25, 1974 audience is vast. They love the music­ HON. JACK F. KEMP Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr. and him. He even receives fan mail from OF NEW YORK. Speaker, I would like to take this op­ loyal and ardent admirers, ages 5 to 7. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portunity, as the Nation prepares to cele­ These kids will grow up with Felix­ brate National Businesswomen's Week, and blues and jazz. Wednesday, September 25, 1974 to pay tribute to the working and profes­ Felix Grant has received national and Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, as the time sional women of the United States, in international honors during his long and draws nearer for the observance of our particular those who live in the Fourth sustained reign on radio. He was the Nation's Bicentennial, there is a growing Congressional District of New Jersey. first radio personality to be the subject awareness and appreciation among In my home city of Trenton, a series if a feature story in the USIA Russian Americans of the values, visions and of community activities will take place language publication Amerika. great strengths of our forefathers and under the auspices of the Trenton Busi­ In 1964, Felix was awarded the Order founders. ness and Professional Women's Club, the of the Southern Cross, Brazil's highest It is being said more frequently and city of Trenton and various businesses civilian award, for his role in introducing with a sense of deep conviction that the saluting the achievements and contri­ and promoting the cultural affairs of spirit in which we face today's challenges butions of working women. The Trenton Brazil, principally its music, in the United and opportunities "is 1776 all over again." Business and Professional Women's Club, States. I personally believe the people of our under the leadership of its president, Felix led a U.S. State Department country are imbued with such spirit. I Ms. Eileen P. Thornton of Hamilton mission in 1966 to establish a cultural believe the problems we are confronting Township, was instrumental in orga­ liaison between our capital and Brasilia. and work to help solve are opportunities. nizing this observance. A leading force in In May 1972, Felix Grant was asked by My conviction in this regard has been New Jersey for equal pay and job oppor­ the Brazilian American Cultural Institute reinforced by one of my constituents, Mr. tunities for women, the Trenton Business to conduct a lecture tour in Brazilian Ronald C. Myers of North Collins, N.Y., and Professional Women's Club has been museums and universities on "100 Years who has sent me a taped recording of active in the drive to establish a Women's of American Music" with an emphasis high school boys and girls singing a song Bureau in the New Jersey Department on jazz. In 1973, the American Associa­ entitled "Bring Us Together." of Labor. tion of University Women presented Felix The music and lyrics of this inspiring As a sponsor of the Equal Pay for with a MAM Award for his outstanding song, written by the talented Mr. Myers, Equal Work Act, the equal rights service to the community. have a meaning which transcends Ameri­ amendment, and the Equal Credit Op­ Felix Grant was born in New York can history. They are contemporary as portunity Act, I fully share the aspira­ and attended LaSalle Academy and well as reflective of our country's past. tions of Ms. Thornton and the Trenton Cathedral College there. He served 4 32678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1974 years in the U.S. Coast Guard and was educational and vocational training pro­ Agreement among these persons is the key decorated by the Navy for bravery dur­ grams, plus intensive psychiatric therapy. that unlocks-or locks-the door to pretrial Meeting these needs only in the nation's diversion. The answers obtained by a pretrial ing World War II. "fortress" prisons cannot be done. "There diversion program screener within hours of Following his discharge from the serv­ must be one kind of institution for the first an arrest begin the progress. ice in 1945, and for the next 7% years, offenders, another for the very young-and As Raymond Nimmer recently wrote in an Felix worked as an announcer for WWDC this is an enormous proportion-and still exhaustive study of the subject for the Amer­ Radio in Washington, D.C. In 1953, he other institutions for yet other categories; ican Bar Foundation, "Diversion involves the joined the staff of WMAL-AM-FM-TV and all of them must be staffed by trained disposition of criminal charges without a as a weekend announcer. Felix inau­ personnel." conviction. The disposition does not imply a gurated "The Album Sound" in Septem­ The chief justice's call for reform began finding of not guilty; rather it often assumes to bear fruit in at least one metropolitan guilt. It is conditioned on the defendant's ber 1954 and has been heard in that area.--months later when Project DeNovo performance of specified obligations." nighttime spot ever since. For many was launched in Minneapolis and two years These obligations, according to Mr. Nim· years, the program was broadcast later its twin, Project Remand, got under mer, can range from making good on a forged throughout the world via the Armed way in Saint Paul. check to entering and completing a treatment Forces Radio Network. Felix produced As Roland Farley, a forty-year-old munici­ program. In efforts like Project Remand, the and narrated, for 8 years, a series of pal judge in Saint Paul has said, ··we have accused returns to court after ninety days, programs entitled "Jazz on the Potomac'' reached the stage in this community and and if project officials report favorably on throughout the nation where community their client's use of the prescribed social for the U.S. Marine Corps in connec­ involvement has to be the answer to war on services and the public defender and prose­ tion with their recruitment program. crime. We have to try to lighten the load of cutor agree, a recommendation is made to the Currently, he is hosting a 1-hour month­ the courts to some extent, but we must call court that the charges be dropped. ly syndicated jazz show heard exclusively upon the community to help make the nec­ Chairman Wylde justifies these efforts in on some 50 classical music stations. essary court and corrections reforms urged human terms. "I would hope that, in our Felix is a member of the Partners of upon us by the chief justice." still-civilized society, there is an objective to the Americas and is also active in many Judgt> Farley is vice chairman of t he n ew striving to help people on the street, to keep community-action group that st arted Proj­ them functioning, living and socially active," social and cultural endeavors in Wash­ ect Remand. The chairman is a t hirty-four­ he says. "The alternative is putting him in ington, D.C. He loves to swim, is skilled year-old lawyer, John Wylde, and the other prison. Is that 'functioning'?" in linguistics and has strong interests in members of the board of directors of the ECONOMY IS NOT THE ONLY BENEFIT Latin American affairs. project include twenty representatives from Pretrial diversion program advocates note Married to the former June Deeds of Saint Paul's police department, the Ramsey that the cost of keeping an unmarried man Enid, Okla., Felix and his wife reside County sheriff's office, the public defender, in prison for a year ranges from four to ten in Washington, D.C. city and county prosecutors, local corrections thousand dollars. The average successful and political officials, church leaders, the male participating in a pretrial diversion county bar association, and the American program costs the taxpayer between five hun­ Bar Association's Commission on Correc­ dred and one thousand dollars. Economy is tional Facilities and Services. not the only benefit: even more important PRETRIAL DISPOSITION IN THE Through its board's efforts, $189,000 was TWIN CITIES are the humanitarian and public safety obtained last September from federal, state, aspects. and local criminal justice agencies to fund a In the twin cities one of the most vocal HON. BILL FRENZEL formal pretrial diversion program for the advocates of pretrial diversion is George M. Sa int Paul area. Scott, who after eighteen years as Hennepin OF MINNESOTA The deferred prosecution calls for the County attorney, was recently named a jus­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES screening of those arrested for criminal of­ tice of the Minnesota Supreme Court. "I'm fenses within twenty-four hours to determine Wednesday, September 25, 1974 sold forever on pretrial diversion," he said on their eligibility for pretrial release. Initially, the day after the governor appointed him to Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, in the the project's staff will concentrate its efforts the bench. last several years something new in the on those accused of misdemeanors-accused felons may be helped later, perhaps within OPEllATION DENOVO MEANS A NEW START criminal justice system has emerged in six months after the wheels of the program Just ice Scott talks with obvious pride of the twin cities of Minneapolis and St. have begun to turn. his service as a member of the governing Paul. Project's DeNovo and Remand are The primary difference between the plan­ board of the Hennepin County Pretrial Diver­ part of a nationwide pioneering effort ners of Project Remand and their distin­ sion Project, popularly known as Operation to establish a system of pretrial diver­ guished fellow Minnesotan, Chief Justice DeNovo-meaning a new start. sion. In this system individuals charged Burger, is that they are training, teaching, The desire for a new start was felt by and rehabilitating the accused on the outside, leaders of the Minneapolis business com­ with various types of crimes are diverted munity after the rioting, burning, and loot­ from the traditional courtroom scene drawing on the resources of 204 community service agencies, rather than on the limited, ing that took place in the city's north side and offered program rehabilitation and often poorly funded and equipped facilities ghetto in 1967. Two years later a task force of counseling. If they successfully complete inside jails or prisons. the Urban Coalition of Minneapolis decided the program, they are released with a to develop a program to help the city's racial AN "ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL minorities, most of them poor, in their con­ new future devoid of the criminal stain PROSECUTION' ' they might ordinarily have carried. frontations with the courts. They studied the "We hope that Project Remand develops ~ s then unique Manhattan Court Employment The fine record which our local agen­ a viable alternative to conventional prosecu­ Project in New York City and the similar cies have been compiling is described in tion in certain situations," Mr. Wylde ex­ Project Crossroads in Washington, D.C. Both the September issue of the American plained. "We start out on a limited scale and programs offered accelerated rehabilitation Bar Association Journal. I recommend develop as we go. But we are not going to services in misdemeanor cases. it to the Members' attention: hesitate to take accused felons or deal with Using funds from the United States De­ PRETRIAL DISPOSITION IN THE TWIN CITIES people who might be branded as in corri­ p art m ent of Labor, these two prograiUS ran glbles." as experiments for more than three years. (By James F. Chatfield) He was touching on one of the most con­ Today they are full-fl.edged components of In February, 1970, Chief Justice Warren troversial aspects of formal pretrial diversion the court system. Additional demonstration E. Burger delivered his "No Man Is an programs now operating in an estimated grants under the Labor Manpower Dev·elop­ Island" address at an American Bar Founda­ thirty major American cities. He added that ment and Training Act were made to creat e tion dinner in Atlanta (56 A.B.A.J. 325). In Project Remand would pass up pretrial diver­ similar programs in eight second round cities, that address, the relatively new chief justice sion candidates accused of narcotics offenses one of which was Minneapolis. implored the legal profession to tackle "the or crimes of violence. The Minneapolis Urban Coalition task neglected element of criminal justice"-cor­ The goal set for Project Remand's first year force moved quickly to obtain funding and rections. He urged lawyers to begin by get­ of operation will be to secure pretrial diver­ line up local support from. civic, political, and ting the facts and visiting prisons. sion services for 240 accused criminals. They judicial leaders. Chief Justice Burger pointed out that The coalition task force received a $474,- will represent 100 per cent of program capa­ prison inmates vary as human beings, just 000, eighteen-month contract late in 1970 and like law-abiding citizens on the outside. city, with each counselor's caseload amount­ hired a project director in January, 197L Many inmates are seriously maladjusted, he ing to twenty-one or twenty-two individuals. Project DeNovo's first diverted client came said, and "those who are not when they go With prosecution deferred, diverted clients through its doors four months later. Since in are likely to be so when they go out." will participate for a ninety-day maximum, that time, almost a thousand individuals Any hope of correcting, reforming, or re­ subject to any extension that may be agreed have been diverted to Operation DeNovo. habilitating prison inmates, the chief justice to by the project, defense and prosecuting According to former project director Wil­ continued, will call for a wide variety of attorneys, and the judge. liam B. Henschel, the largest number of September 2.5, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32679 clients are charged with petty theft-from and will be accepted everywhere." At present, offering at all of the churches in the stolen property to writing bad checks. he added, the concept is controversial be­ community. Since employment is a primary objective of cause of the lack of public knowledge on pre­ Mr. Speaker, my colleague Mr. STuB­ DeNovo, signed written agreements are drawn cisely how diversion programs work. up early in the diversion experience to pro­ According to Arnold J. Hopkins, assistant BLEFIELD and I feel that this gesture ex­ vide the client with an incentive to make director of the American Bar Association's emplifies the spirit of international co­ restitution. Commission on Correctional Facilities and operation which the world sorely needs The second largest category of diverted of­ Services, pretrial diversion is "a practice in and that the people of Fulton, Ky., fenses is disorderly conduct. Men predom­ search of a theory." The twenty or so pro­ and South Fulton, Tenn., are to be com­ inate in this category, while women offenders grams now known to the commission vary mendeC. for their efforts and concern. are most often accused of petty theft and widely in what they attempt to accomplish. shoplifting. Some authorities herald pretrial diversion What Mr. Henschel and his screeners look as the primary alternative to imprisonment. for in either sex are the individuals they can Influential groups and their leaders line up HUMAN RIGHTS AT THE U.N.: THE help the most. These people are often un­ solidly behind the practtlce, Mr. Hopkins DOUBLE STANDARD employed, unskilled, and unschooled. reports. The majority are young. Their alleged of­ In Washington federal officials are moving fenses, Mr. Henschel believes, are the result ahead with a so-called "third round" of ten HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM of these deficiencies which make it impos­ to fifteen new cities to be funded for pre­ OF NEW YORK sible for them to function in a modern urban trial diversion projects. This is exactly what society. Labor Department officials had in mind when IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES M.any of his clients come to Operation De­ funding the American Bar Association Cor­ Wednesday, September 25, 1974 Novo completely devoid of motivation. ''Their rections Commission's pretrial intervention attitude of failure comes from having ex­ service center. These will not be demonstra­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I would perienced it a good deal. A kind of un­ tion programs, according to Mr. Hopkins, but like to include in the RECORD an article willingness to take risks-like trying for a full-fiedged correctional service efforts to by our colleague Congressman DoNALD M. job-results." keep people out of jail and prison and to FRASER of Minnesota, which recently ap­ Where DeNovo succeeds, according to Mr. help them function as useful, productive Henschel, is in a careful matching of client peared in the Nation magazine. citizens. Congressman FRASER discusses one of and counselor. Counselors include former COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IS A MUST offenders, blacks, and wh.at he calls "street the most difficult challenges facing the types." One thing about pretrial diversion 'is sure: Unitzd Nations-how to prevent gross Close friendships often develop between the programs will work only where there is vi::llations of human rights. Mr. FRASER client and counselor. If a client tries to snow community participation, which includes the dnws upon his experience as an adviser his ex-convict counselor, he's soon set efforts, support, and skills contributed by members of the legal profession. to the U.S. delegation to the recent ses­ straight. The same can be said for the so­ si.)n of the U.N. Commission on Human called street-smart types; their street-smart What is the alternative to pretrial diver­ counselors stay smarter with constant con­ sion, to corrections reform and innovation? Rights, as well as the hearings on the tact in the community, often in the process The chief justice said it eloquently in his Commission's session which were held by of seeking job openings for their clients. 1970 address: the Subcommittee on International Or­ The prevailing atmosphere at DeNovo is "When a shel'iff or a marshal takes a man ganizations and Movements. "we're all in this together," and the mutual from a courthouse in a prison van and trans­ The article indicates that the United goal is to avoid the client's becoming en­ port him to confinement for two or three Nation.:> Ius the authority to act upon meshed in the criminal justice system. or ten years, this is our act. We have tolled the bell for him. And whether we like it or gross violations of human rights, and The courts that divert cases from the that the Commission on Human Rights criminal justice system in Minneapolis are not, we have made him our collective respon­ only two blocks away from the project's sibility. We are free to do some ~ hi n g about has the machinery necessary to imple­ headquarters. Its offices are on the second him; .1e is not." ment this authority. Member state.:;, re­ grettably, are often reluctant to apply fioor above a machine shop that also houses __,__,.,_,__._ an artist with a loft studio. __ 7h:se powers against other governments. DeNovo is a busy place. All five telephone ': he United States, which played a sig­ lines are constantly busy. The visitor usually RELIEF FOR HURRICANE VICTIMS nificant role in incorporating the human c.an't tell the clients from the office workers, IN HONDURAS rights provisions into the U.N. Charter, the counselors, or the court screeners. should also strongly support the United Mr. Henschel-lawyer, social worker, and former probation and parole supervisor-says HON. ED JONES Nations in its efforts to prevent human DeNovo clients are the first to recognize the rights violations. OF TENNESSEE importance of staying out of jail or prison. The article follows: "Defendants are more aware than corrections IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HUMAN RIGHTS AT THE U.N. people that the further they get into the Wednesday, September 25, 1974 (By Representative DONALD M. FRASER) system the more deviant they become." Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, WASHINGTON.-The United Nations Char­ About half the people that DeNovo screen­ ter declares that promotion of human rights ers interview in court are turned down, the fine people of the twin cities of Ful­ is one of the basic purposes of the world either by the screener or by the prosecutor's ton, Ky., and South Fulton, Tenn., organization. But despite the noble words of staff. Most of those accepted are young, are presently engaged in a drive to raise the Charter, U.N. members have been charged with their first offense, and in need funds for the victims of the recent hur­ notably reluctant to authorize the world of a job or job training. Two out of three ricane in Honduras. body to review alleged cases of torture, clients meet their program goals successful­ Fulton-South Fulton, a rail center massacre and acts of political repression in ly, and initial arrest charges are dismissed. specific countries. Many have argued that The fact that Operation DeNovo has low­ through which a major portion of the NP,tion's supply of bananas passes every such investigations would violate Article II ered the conviction record of the Hennepin of the Charter which prohibits the organi­ county attorney's office has never bothered year, is the site of the annual Interna­ zation from intervening in the affairs of Justice Scott. "I really don't think the re­ tional Banana Festival. As a result of memi'Jer states. sponsible prosecutor even thinks of that," this festival, the community has devel­ During its first twenty years, however, the he said. oped over the years a close working re­ United Nations never hesitated to speak out Justice Scott, who serves on DeNovo's gov­ lationship with many of the Central against violations of human rights when a erning board, says the nation's prosecutors majority of member states favored action. are trying to spread the promising news American countries, including Honduras. This relationship has included educa­ The international organization consistently about pretrial diversion through the Na­ opposed colonialism and apartheid in tional District Attorneys Association. tional, cultural, and commercial ex­ Southern Africa, as it still does today. In As Justice Scott sees it, pretrial diversion change programs and is a model of in­ the early days, when the United States had candidates are not "rought characters," but ternational cooperation. a voting majority, the practice of forced rather "poor slobs in trouble." The proper Mrs. R. Ward Bushart, president of labor and other rights violations in the thing for the police, prosecutors, and judges the International Banana Festival As­ Soviet-bloc states were frequent targets of to do, he says, is to "divert these people im­ sociation, and Mr. Gary Williamson, pres­ the world body. mediately, hold something [imprisonment] ident of the Fulton-South Fulton Cham­ The U.N.'s credibility was undermined by over their heads, and give them a chance of the obvious use of political criteria to deter­ not having a record. I thinlc it has worked ber of Commerce, are leading the drive mine which violations of human rights de­ well at Operatlion DeNovo." for funds to provide relief to the hurri­ served the organization's attention. Recog­ He predicted that pretrial diversion "will cane victims of Honduras. The drive w1ll nizing this major flaw in the United Nations' spread like wildfire throughout this country end Sunday, September 29, with a special method of operation, the United States and 32680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September -25, 1974 other delegations urged that the U.N.'s Com­ Earlier this year, our subcommittee com­ rights" was adopted by a vote of 41 to 0, with mission on Human Rights be given the au­ pleted a series of hearings on international two abstentions, Chile and the United States thority to investigate complaints from indi­ human rights issues. These hearings, I think, were the two abstainers. viduals and private groups who considered gave us a fuller understanding of how this Any effectiveness the U.N. might have in themselves victims of repression. country views the United Nations' authority these situations, however, results from the In 1967, the Economic and Social Council to deal with human rights violations. application of persistent pressure on the gov­ (ECOSOC) authorized the Commission on First of all, it is clear that neither the ernment concerned. Secretary Buffum ac­ Human Rights and its Subcommission on United States, nor most ' ther governments, knowledged as much before our subcom­ Prevention of Discrimination and Protec­ for that matter, is particularly eager to press mittee: "Any government which is at all tion of Minorities to examine complaints for full use of the U.N.'s recently acquired responsive to world opinion is obviously going received from individuals and nongovern­ authority in the field of international human to be more sensitive about its record in the mental groups. Three years later, the coun­ rights. In large part, it is a matter of whose human rights field, if its performance will cil adopted detail procedures for the review ox is being gored. Member states are quite come under continuing review. of such complaints. The subcommission was willing to push for an investigation of those "In many ways, I think it is fair to say that authorized to receive communications deal­ governments with which they have unfriend­ the [Human Rights] Commission's final ac­ ing with alleged human rights violations and ly relations, but everyone starts getting a tion is still hanging over these governments to determine which, if any, reveiled a "con­ little edgy when the investigation gets too as a sword of Damo<:les, so to speak, and this sistent pattern of gross and reliably attested close to home. has as much or even more influence than an violations," requiring attention by the full William Buffum, Assistant Secretary of ill-conceived and hastily adopted resolution commission. The Commission, in turn, would State for International Organization Affairs, which the government concerned can claim determine whether an investigation should was candid about this point when he ap­ was merely politically motivated.'' be made and a report filed with ECOSOC. peared before our subcommittee saying: "It Despite Secretary Buffum's support for the The commission, however, was not free to is obviously much easier for us to attach concept of U.N. oversight in the field of act unilaterally under the 1970 procedures. special weight to an adverse finding of an human rights, there is still little tangible Any on-site investigations of alleged rights international body when that finding relates evidence of sustained U.S. effort when we violations required the consent of the coun­ to a country with which we do not have a move from the abstract to the specific. The try involved. particularly close relation." State Department has not shown that it is Last year full use was made of these elabo­ When a friend and ally is involved, how­ pressing the Human Rights Commission for rate referl'al procedures for the first time. ever, the United States shrinks from action. a full investigation of the eight cases brought The Subcommission on Prevention of Dis­ Northern Ireland is a case in point. Mrs. Rita before it by the Subcommission on the Pre­ crimination referred eight cases of rights Hauser, a former U.S. representative to the vention of Discrimination. The United States violations to its parent body, the Commis­ Human Rights Commission, told our subcom­ does not appear to favor action by the com­ sion on Human Rights. The eight cases in­ mittee how she tried to persuade the State mission without the consent of the govern­ volved Great Britain (for allegations of tor­ Department to speak out on rights violations ment concerned. The Human Rights Commis­ ture in Northern Ireland), Brazil, Indonesia, in Northern Ireland by the British Govern­ sion needs to make a good-faith effort to get Portugal, Iran, Tan2Jania, Guyana and ment. She was told in no uncertain terms by this consent, but when it cannot, it can still Burundi. But the full commission, unwilling a department policy maker that, "This in­ proceed with an investigation under policies to deal with the recommendations made by volved a friendly country and we do not wish laid down by the ECOSOC. its subcommission, postponed decisions on to get entangled in any way, shape or form Despite these criticisms of U.S. policies at all eight cases until 1975. The governments in what is happening there .... We just the U.N., I believe there is still hope that the cited were asked to reply to the charges made want to stay away from it, because it would priority of human rights will be raised in de­ against them by December 7 of this year. offend a long-standing ally." termining U.S. foreign policy. There is some Under the terms of the 1967 ECOSOC Prof. Frank Newman, from the University indication, in fact, that the State Depart­ policy, the full commission does not have to of California Law School at Berkeley, who ment is beginning to gear up to deal with walt for its subcommission to l•ay the has represented many individual and orga­ human rights issues more effectively. The In­ groundwork. It can act on its own, as it did nizational complaints before the U.N., told ternational Organizations Bureau is strength­ this spring with regard to Chile. Here, the us that the United States has a good record ening its staff in this area and the regional Communist states, led by the Soviet Union, in pushing for adoption of procedures aimed bureaus are appointing hi.lman rights officers. were the principal initiators of the com­ at strengthening human rights. But, New­ The United States may be no worse than plaints against the new military government man went on, when it comes to specific most countries when it comes to the priority in Santiago. The Eastern-bloc countries were charges of rights violations in specific coun­ it gives to human rights. In fact, it is prob­ not alone, however. In all, twenty-nine U.N. tries, "the United States is terribly sorry ably better than most. But the obvious members expressed concerns about recent about all [these] cases and wishes they could cliches about the domtnance of power poli­ events in Chile. Many nongovernmental orga­ have just been from Eastern Europe and tics notwithstanding, I think we have a right nizations spoke on the issue, including the that would have been much nicer." to expect more from our government. If Con­ International Association of Democratic Thus, the United States was on the spot gress and the American people persist, I am Lawyers, whose spokeswoman was Mrs. Sal­ when charges were brought against Chile, a hopeful that this Administration will come to vadore Allende, widow of the late Chilean new-found ally. In that case, the United recognize that a foreign policy founded on President. States did not press for an investigation-an human rights principles is not only morally Despite efforts by the government of Chile action favored by several other delegations. right but practically sound. to prevent the commission from taking ac­ In response to an inquiry from our subcom­ As former Atty. Gen. Ramsey Clark said at tion, the U.N. agency agreed to send a tele­ mittee about this country's rationale for its our hearings last fall, "Human rights ... gram to Chilean leaders noting "with deep position on the Chilean case, the State De­ will be the way we learn to live together on concern numerous reports from a wide vari­ partment told us that few delegations fav­ this planet at peace." ety of sources relating to gross and massive ored the investigation and that, in any case, violations of human rights" in that country. the Chilean representative had made clear The commission called on the Chilean regime that his government would not accept the presence of a formal investigatory group in SENATORS JACKSON, JAVITS, MUS­ to cease "immedi•ately any kind of violations KIE, AND BAYH ANSWER GREEK of human rights." And finally, the commis­ Chile. sion asked the Chilean Government to report During the full ESOSOC session, a proposal STAR LETTER ON CYPRUS back "as a matter of urgency about t:O.e was put forward that the Subcommission measures taken in pursuance of this tele­ on the Prevention of Discrimination prepare gram." a report on the Chilean situation. Here, the HON. JOHN BRADEMAS In its reply to the commission, Chile de­ United States objected, saying (in response to an inquiry from our subcommittee) that the OF INDIANA nied any wrongdoing, acknowledging only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that certain restrictions had been placed on subcommission, being an expert body, should the right to individual while the not be used as an agency for carrying out Wednesday, September 25, 1974 a study with strong politica.l overtones. country remained in a state of siege. Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I insert Recognizing that the situation in Chile I considered this a rather weak excuse for has not improved, the U.N. Economic and inaction. The Chilean situation may, indeed, in the RECORD the answers to five ques­ Soci•al Council, meeting last May, adopted a have strong political overtones, but that does tions on Cyprus given by Senators JAcK­ resolution endorsing the concern expressed not reduce the seriousness of the events that soN, JAVITS, MUSKIE, and BAYH in re­ by the Human Rights Commission and call­ are occurring in that country. It seemed sponse to an inquiry by the Greek ing on the government of Chile "to take all evident to us that the United States wanted Star of Chicago. necessary steps to restore and safeguard the U.N. to deal with the Chilean case as The response to which I refer follows: basic human rights and fundamental free· quickly and superficially as possible. [From the Greek Star, Sept. 19, 1974] doms in Chile, particularly those involving The United States found that it had little a. threat to human life and liberty." company when the -mildly worded Economic JACKSON, JAVITS, MuSKIE, BAYH, ANSWER The House Subcommittee on International and Social Council resolution was considered GREEK STAR LETTER ON CYPRUS Organizations and Movements, which I chair, by the council's subordinate body, the So­ Answering a five-point questionnaire on has taken a special interest in the United cial Committee. The resolution calling on Cyprus, addressed to them by The Greek States' role in these U.N. deliberations. Chile to "restore and safeguard basic human Star recently, many U.S. Senators, Con- September 2.5, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32681 gressmen and State Governors made very United States or by the world community. Boston, only to be returned to his Soviet clear their opposition to the Turkish aggres­ Such actions have dangerously exacerbated ship and thence to exile in the Soviet sion oj the Independent Republic oj Cyprus. tensions on Cyprus and in the Mediterranean, The five questions were: are completely counterproductive to any last­ Union. (1) Do you support the UN Resolution 353 ing settlement of the crisis and are totally Much has happened since that most demanding the withdrawal of all foreign out of date in these times. unfortunate occurrence, including the troops from Cyprus? The resolution I have introduced also declaration of Simas Kudirka's mother (2) Do you support the return of all focuses on two critical elements of a settle­ as an American citizen, thus conferring Cyprus refugees to their homes? ment of the crisis; the continued provision of the same citizenship on her son. Simas (3) Are you opposed to any attempt by emergency relief for all Cypriot refugees Kudirka has now been released from Turkey to settle the "occupied" area of coupled with a comprehensive program of prison in Siberia, and continues his ef­ Cyprus with Turks from the mainland? ecnomic assistance to rehabilitate the crip­ ( 4) Do you support a large scale program pled Cypriot nation and economy; and re­ forts to obtain permission to leave the of relief for all Cypriots? moval of all foreign troops from Cyprus with Soviet Union for the United States. (5) Do you believe the United States the exception of United Nations peacekeeping I am proud to say that among the should take the lead in negotiating a peace­ forces. greatest supporters of Simas Kudirka and ful resolution of the Cyprus crisis which To provide you with a detailed understand­ his family have been Dr. and Mrs. Roland guarantees the independence and sovereign­ ing of my position on the tragic crisis on D. Paegle of Middletown Township, N.J., ty of Cyprus, with full adherence to the UN Cyprus, I enclose the text of S. Con. Res. 115 in the Third Congressional District. charter, including guarantees of the minority and my introductory remarks. Recently, the Asbury Park, N.J., Press rights? Thank you for taking the time to write and SENATOR JACKSON to give me your views. ran an article about the Paegle's efforts, DEAR EDITOR: With best wishes, and their joy over the progress which has Thank you very much for your recent let­ Sincerely, been made. Without objection, I would ter and for the related material on the situa­ JACOB K. JAVITS, like to insert this article and commend it tion in Cyprus. I share your concern over the Senator, New York. to my colleagues as a fine example of grave consequences of the Turkish invasion SENATOR BAYH American determination and concern for of the island. In my view, we cannot allow DEAR FRIENDS: those who are less fortunate in their the future of Cyprus to be dictated by naked military force. Because you have expressed your concern freedoms than we. Additionally, I would about the recent events on Cyprus, I would like to insert a further article from the As you know, I have urged the Administra­ like to take this opportunity to bring you tion to stand firm in support of an independ­ Christian Science Monitor regarding up to date on the steps I have taken to other Soviet citizens who are suffering ent Cyprus whose political arrangements bring about a change in the direction of reflect the views of the Cypriots themselves. American policy in this matter. from conditions of bondage, but who have I am enclosing two items about this impor­ As you may know, I have joined with those not been so fortunate as the seaman, tant question which I hope will be of interest calling for the withdrawal of all foreign Simas Kudirka. to you. troops from Cyprus in order to permit the [From the Asbury Park (N.J.) Sunday With good wishes, Cypriot people to reach an agreement on the Press, Sept. 15, 1974] Sincerely yours, future of their country and personally writ­ REJECTED SOVIET DEFECTOR MAY WIN FREE• HENRY M. JACKSON, ten to Secretary of State Kissinger on this U.S. Senator, (Wash.). DOM SoON-COUPLE IN AREA HELPING matter. I have enclosed a copy of my letter (By Ed Reiter) SENATOR MUSKIE to the Secretary for your review. DEAR EDITOR: Most recently, I have joined with Senators MIDDLETOWN TOWNSHI?.-A gold-phted telephone is helping a local couple punch Thank you for taking the time to contact Abourezk and McGovern in offering an amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act a hole in the Iron Curtain. me about your deep sense of concern over Grazina. Paegle, 112 Hawthorne Rd., the tragic events which have occurred in which will susoend all aid to Turkey until an agreement i~ reached which is acceptable Locust, spev.ds hours on that special phone Cyprus in recent weeks, and about the direc­ each week speaking-pleading-with sena­ tion of U.S. policy during the crisis. I appre­ to Cyprus, Greece and Turkey. I have also co-sponsored S. Res. 397 which calls upon tors, congressmen, and State Department ciated hearing from you. officials in Washington. Her message is I agree with you that our government the President to implement the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act and the Foreign always the same: "Help us win freedom for should urge the immediate. withdrawal of Simas Kudirka." all foreign troops from Cyprus. The unhappy Military Sales Act and end all military aid to Turkey. These Acts prohibit the use of Simas Kudirka? Few people remember the state of U.S.-Greek relations has continued name. Many, however, recall the story be­ to deteriorate because of the continued American supplied defense articles for of­ fense actions, such as the Turkish invasion hind it. Kudirka is the young Lithuanian silence of our government on the Turkish who sought asylum on a U.S. Coast Guard invasion of Cyprus. of Cyprus. By these actions I hope we will be able to cutter in November 1970-only to be re­ Despite the breakdown of pF-ace negotia­ display to the Turkish government our com­ turned to his Soviet ship. tions in Geneva, I hope that the intervention mitment to the continued existence of the Much has happened to Kudirka since of Secretary General Waldheim of the United independent Cypriot state, and to present then, and Mrs. Paegle and her physician Nations will help bring the disputing parties to the Greek government an evenhanded husband, Dr. Roland D. Paegle, have had a together to negotiate a lasting peace settle­ policy which seeks to uphold the North At­ big hand in writing the happier chapters. ment. lantic Charter principle of self-determina­ Best of all, they feel sure the dramatic story Let me assure you that I will do what I can tion for all people. Only by implementing will soon have a happy ending. to encourage a more enlightened American such a policy will be able to expedite a "We're confident the Russians will soon policy on the issue, and that I will keep your return to stability in the eastern Mediter­ permit not only Simas, but also his family, our views in mind. ranean and a revitalization of the NATO to come to the United States," says Dr. With best wishes, I am alliance. Paegle a pathologist at Perth Amboy General Sincerely, You can be sure that I will be following Hospital and research consultant at Jersey EDMUND S. MUSKIE, developments in this situation very carefully City Medical Center. U.S. Senator, Maine. in the days ahead. I appreciate your sharing As it is, Kudirka recently was granted a S'ENATOR JAVITS your views on this difficult problem with me. pardon by the Supreme Soviet and allowed DEAR EDITOR: Sincerely, to return to his mother's home in Griska­ Thank you for your letter concerning the BmcH BAYH, budis, Lithuania, after nearly four years dangerous and heart-rending crisis on U.S. Senator, Indi!lna. imprisonment. And both he and his mother Cyprus. You may be sure that I understand have been declared U.S. citizens. and appreciate the profound concern that These developments can be credited, in prompted you to write. large measure, to the countless calls Mrs. Paegle has made on her special telephone. The true dimensions of the Cyprus crisis HELP FOR SIMAS KUDIRKA may not as yet be appreciated fully by the And the success of those calls is responsible American people, except by the Greek-Amer­ for the telephone's gold plating. ican community, which has watched fellow HON. JAMES J. HOWARD "Back in December," Dr. Paegle recalls, Greeks being killed, maimed and subjugated "Things looked very black. Federal o.ffl_cials by naked military force while the whole world OF NEW JERSEY told us, 'We will not let a case like this in­ reemed to stand by immobilized. tN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES terfere with detente.' So just to cheer up my wife, I told her 'If we ever get Kudirka's U.S. On September 5, I introduced S. Con. Res. Wednesday, September 25, 1974 citizenship recognized, I'll buy you a gold 115 in the Senate which condemns in clear phone.'" and unmistakable terms the irresponsible Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, nearly 4 Kudirka got his citizenship this summer­ and dangerously short sighted actions of Tur­ years ago now, a Soviet citizen endeav­ and Mrs. Paegle got her gold phone. key on Cyprus. Turkey's efforts to impose its ored to defect to this country by seeking The Paegles have been working for Kudir­ will be force cannot be acquiesced in by the asylum on a Coast Guard cutter near ka's freedom from the minute they learned 32682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September .1J5 , 1974 of his plight. They were instrumental in pub­ "His tone of voice during the first part may be sent to Siberia on charges of licizing the story in the first place-helping of the conversation suggested that he was "slandering" the Soviet Union. to organize a protest demonstration which reading a prepared statement," Mrs. Paegle Latvians who, like the Bruvers family, at­ made it front page news after first reports reports. tend church openly find life difficult, KGB went almost unnoticed. The Paegles tape-recorded the conversa­ officials wait outside church to jot down the Subsequently they fought, successfully, for tion, and a transcript shows that prison names of those entering. At Christmas and n ew legislation protecting defectors under failed to dampen Kudirka's fiery spirit. Easter "it almost looks like the cheering sec­ similar circumstances; U.S. personnel are not "I am now as though in a dream," he told tion at a football game"-everyone from allowed to return defectors now and must Mrs. Paegle. "Although I live in so-called school principals and teachers to police and notify the State Department immediately in freedom, I am still under a curtain. I am work foremen turn out to identify the all such cases. waiting for the hour when the curtain will churchgoers, Mr. Bruvers says. They also helped form an organization finally be completely opened and we can For attending church regularly, a Latvian called the Seamen's Education Federation, leave." can be denied an apartment or his job. But which, among other things, has placed spot If Kudirka and his family-his mother, despite these threats most Latvians remain announcements on coastal radio stations and wife, 14-year-old daughter, and 8-year-old religious, Mr. Bruvers claims. dropped leaflets on Soviet fishing ships, as­ son-do gain visas from the Soviet Union, "The old yeast still remains," he says. suring other political Kudirkas that such a they'll come to live with the Paegles. "And it keeps on working." mistake couldn't happen again. Dr. Paegle is "They'll be living here for as long as they After Latvia was annexed by the Soviet chairman of the federation, Mrs. Paegle ex­ want," Dr. Paegle says. "We're going to start Union, the Russians tried to "Sovietize" the ecutive secretary. reconstructing the attack this week to get Latvians. The Latvians call it bluntly "Rus­ They sought to help Kudirka directly, too, ready for them." sification." by sending parcels of food and clothing to The doctor and his wife also have two It took many forms. In 1944-1945 great h im and his mother. His never reached him; children, both sons; Tadas, 7, and Edward, numbers of Latvians were deported to Si­ his mot her d id get hers-though usually 5. beria. Today Latvians are lured from their after considerable delay. The Paegles aren't related to Kudirka-nor homes to the Far East by wage bonuses and Above all, they kept applying pressure to were they acquainted before the ordeal other incentives. Siberian minorities and U.S. officials who might, in turn, put pressure began. Russians all the while are being urged to go on the Russians-and enlisted the aid of val­ They do share common roots: Dr. Paegle to Latvia to live and work. u able allies in Congress. They number New was born in Latvia, his wife in Lithuania, SIGNS SCRAWLED Jersey's two U.S. senators, Harrison Williams and both came to the U.S. a;t early ages. What do Latvians think of the Russians? Jr. and Clifford Case, and Rep. James J. How­ Their involvement with Kudirka is based on ard, D-N.J., among their most helpful Mr. Bruver's face turned a bit sterner as more than that, though. he answered: "Quite honestly, the Latvians friends. We have tre·mendous admiration. for him," Their efforts- and those of other Ameri­ despise the Russians." Mrs. Paegle declares, "and we've come to Latvian children scrawl anti-Russian signs can sympathizers-began to pay off a year have great admiration for his mother, too." a go when a Paegle family friend, Dara Kezys on town walls. "When I was in school," he "As we read about him, and as we worked said, "if you were really mad at a Russian of Queens, N.Y., located a baptismal certifi­ in his behalf, we felt he was a most cour­ cate at a Catholic church in New York City, schoolmate, you'd call him an 'occupant.' Of ageous and persistent man." course he'd immediately shout back 'fas­ verifying that Kudirka's mother, Marija Sul­ "At one point we called him 'The Most sl{ is, had been born in Brooklyn. cist!'" Unforgettable Man We Never Met.' In light Last summer's gala gathering outside Riga She hadn't lived there long; her family of more recent events, though, another title h ad moved back to its native Lithuania for the 100th-anniversary Latvian Song Fes­ seems more fitting: 'The American Who tival illustrated the Latvians' supppressed when she was only 6. Lithuania permitted Never Gave Up.'" dual citizenship, however, while the U.S. contempt for anything Soviet-Russian and a recognized only its own. And so, the sym­ corresponding love for "their homeland." [From the Christian Science Monit or, The concert began with a few Latvian pathizers reasoned, Mrs. Sulskis must still Aug. 22, 1974] be a U.S. citizen. choral folk melodies. Stillness hung over the On May 17 of this year, after a barrage EX-SOVIET CITIZEN CONTRADICTS PROPA• .75,000 in the audience. All listened silently, of letters and phone calls-many of them GANDA-BRUVERS TELLS OF HIS BROTHERS' .reverently. made by Mrs. Paegle, the State Department CONFINEMENT BY SECRET POLICE LISTENERS FIDGETY formally recognized Mrs. Sulskis' U.S. citi­ BOSTON.-The Soviet authorities are not But as soon as the chorus announced the zenship. On July 17, after further intense amused when they hear ex-Soviet citizens next series of songs-Soviet ditties-the au­ pressure, the ultimate irony was acknowl­ like Daniels Bruvers talking to the Western dience grew fidgety; chairs squeaked, candy edged; because of his mother's status, Ku­ press. wrappers crackled. A typical present-day Lat­ dirka himself was declared a citizen of this, What he has to say squarely contradicts vian protest. the country which had turned him away. official Soviet propaganda about religious Each person who leaves the Soviet Union All this is more th.an Kudirka and his freedom and the social, educational, and has his own opinion of the Soviet regime's American friends dared to hope for back in economic equality of all peoples within the future. "If the present trend toward liberali­ 1970, in the dark days following his aborted Soviet Union. zation continues,'" says Mr. Bruvers, "the defection. He himself was convinced he would Last year Mr. Bruvers married a young regime will fall from within." He doubts this be executed, the Paegles report. woman from West Germany while she was will happen without some attempts to re­ As it was, his captors kept him in solitary visiting Latvia. She left for home when her turn to the days of Stalin. "But it's not confinement for six months before bringing tourist visa expired. Four visa applications, possible to go all the way back now," he him to trial. When he did come to trial­ one 30-day hunger strike, and eight months adds. for "betrayal of the motherland"-he stead­ later, Mr. Bruvers, who like the rest of his "If a light beams into darkness, it de­ fastly refused to denounce the United States, fam1ly is a devoted Baptist, was allowed to stroys the darkness.'' even though it was hinted this would gain leave and Join his wife in West Germany. Daniels Bruvers has been in the United him a lighter sentence. Upon his inevitable He told this newspaper in an interview, States visiting American Latvian and Baptist conviction, he was sentenced to 10 years "My brothers are being held in solitary con­ organizations appealing for support for his imprisonment in a Siberian labor camp. finement by the KGB (Soviet secret police) family. Even while in prison, he continued to for circulating a seemingly innocuous ques­ speak out. In 1971, he signed a pe·tition to tionnaire in Riga, the capital of Soviet ·the International Red Cross protesting con­ Latvia, about radio programming, vacation PRIVATE PENSION PLANS ditions in Soviet detention camps. In 1973, preferences, and the state of the nation." he cosigned a letter supporting dissident After the brothers, Olafs and Pavils, physicist Andrei Sakharov in his fight for turned in the over 100 anonymously com­ HON. JAMES M. COLLINS pleted questionnaires to local newspapers, human rights. they were called by the KBG and asked to OF TEXAS At the end, he staged a hunger strike­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and may, in the process have hastened his reveal the identities of the respondents. They refused. release. Wednesday, September 25, 1974 "He seems to have helped force the hand Since then, their parents have been inter­ of Soviet authorities to release him sooner," rogated and charged with bringing up their Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Paegle says. "They didn't want a sick children in "bourgeois nationalistic and recently Congress passed a pension bfil Christian ways." with only two of us in opposition. I ask or dead man on their hands while delicate Last week Mr. Bruver's brother-in-law, trade negotiations were in progress." who is a Baptist preacher in Ayzpute, 90 you all to be openminded and watch Kudirka was released Aug. 23 and arrived miles from Riga, was summoned by the local future developments to review this. at his mother's home three days later. On KGB, relieved of his parish, and deprived of When I was in Texas this past week­ Sept. 1, before U.S. omcials had even con­ his license to preach. firmed his release, he spoke with Mrs. end, I found four small companies who Paegle-who was using her gold-plated CHURCHGOERS HARASSED are already considering termination of phone, as she frequently does, for a trans­ It is a crackdown on the whole family, their pension plans. Atlantic call to his mother. says Mr. Bruvers. He believes his brothers Here is a good editorial on this pension September 2.5, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32683 subject that was in the September 4 sumer advocates are recognizing that the marketers that come between them and the issue of the Wall Street Journal. American farmer is not the villain in the original producer. When the housewife forks over a dollar bill The costs [of the law] are not so clear. spiral of food costs from which we have at the check-out counter, only about 38 cents There's no way of knowing the extent of the all suffered in recent months. In fact, finds its way to the farmer. Here's what the aggregate unfunded liability of all pension except for the :':armer's increased pro­ food industry does with the remaining 62 plans. Many of the plans that are technically ductivity we would be in much worse cents: It pays about 30 cents for labor costs, fully funded may not be, owing to the state shape than we are. I would like to insert 7 cents for packaging and 4Yz cents for trans­ of the equity markets; assets are reported in the RECORD following my remarks an portation. The next biggest item is corporate at purchase, not market value. Robert T. profits, roughly 4 cents. Then business taxes Knowles, vice president of Crompton & article from the business and finance get 2Yz cents, and interest and repairs com­ Knowles Corporation, thinks that "as a direct section of last Sunday's New York Times bined also get 2Yz cents. Advertising, depre­ result of this legislation, American business which sets forth some very interesting ciation and rent take 2 cents each. The 5Yz will be saddled with additional debt ranging specifics about where emciency lies in cents that remain is spent on a variety of from $30 billion immediately to at least $100 our agricultural production and market­ expenses, such as utilities, promotion, fuel billion within the next decade." The U.S. and insurance. Chamber of Commerce reckons the law could ing system. According to the article by William Nearly all of these outlays are fertile increase over-all plan expenses by $3 billion ground for improving productivity and re· to $7 billion a year. Robbins: ducing costs, recent studies have found. Considerin5 the desirability of the bene­ Shoppers have noticed that more of their The National Commission on Productivity fits, these are not staggering economic costs. money is going to farmers, but they have discovered in 1973 that increases in produc· But for a while, they may produce painful failed to realize that an increasing propor­ tivity in the food sector were below the distortions in the market. . . . tion of it is going to the processors and national average. Had it not been for farm­ There's no way of knowing, though, what marketers that come between them and the ers' enormous and steady improvements in effect the law will have on the financial mar­ original producer. productivity, the average would have fallen kets. Salomon Brothers observes that five to a far lower scale. Over recent decades years ago pension funds had unrealized stock Those of us who represent rural areas farmers have increased their productivity at market gains of $18.4 billion, or 43% of the have seen our hard-working constituents an average annual rate of more than 5 per $43.1 billion cost of their equity holdings. take too much heat for high food prices. cent. Oddly, it was at the farm level that the By June 30, 1974, this had turned into an But as the article indicates, only 38 cents first step came last week tow&rd cost-saving. 11% equity portfolio loss totalling $9.1 bil­ of the market dollar goes to the farmer The new meat-grading plan, by reducing lion. Given the market decline since, the loss in spite of the fact that farmers have the amount of feeding time to fatten cattle, is no doubt higher by now. could save as much as 5 cents a pound for According to the new law, pensions funds increased their productivity at an av­ beef at current grain prices, the American have to report assets at market, rather than erage annual rate of more than 5 National Cattlemen's Association has esti­ purchase value. They also have to pay inter­ percent. mated. Others say that, by stretching out est and principal on the unfunded liability, Thus, while the food industry as a supplies, the plan could reduce grain prices which not only implies an immediate drain whole has not been improving its pro­ and lead to still further reductions in feed­ on corporate earnings, but future problems ductivity at a very good rate, the actual ing costs. as well. How will the law affect the decision§ producer of raw food is the most emcient As much as farming productivity has in­ of pension-fund trustees, who are as a fur­ creased, however, it offers still further scope ther result of the new law held personally link in the whole chain. We must do for improvement. liable for any losses caused by breaches of more to get this story across to con­ The Agriculture Department has noted, for responsibillty? Will the funds be driven out sumers and so-called consumer interest example, that the top 10 percent of produc­ of equities into fixed-income securities, if groups. ers get crop yields that are 50 percent above only to protect against personal liabilities The article follows: the national average. Experts believe that, in a declining stock market? "Client pres­ WASTE IN MARKETING LIFTS GROCERY COSTS by adopting known practices, many of the sure" is said to be the latest buzz word among average and below-average producers could institutional money managers, who are being (By Willlam Robbins) increase their productivity. pressed to sell stocks and buy bonds or The inflationary cost of food has disrupted Meanwhile, agricultural researchers are de­ money market instruments. many a family budget, leading Americans to veloping new improvements. Among them are "Trustees are faced with a dilemma. Writ· wonder: Does food really have to cost that increased fertility of beef cattle, which would ing in the current Harvard Business Review, much? Now economic analysts have an an­ lower the required size of breeding herds as Robert D. Paul notes that many pension swer for harassed consumers: Maybe not. a proportion of beef produced, and improve­ plans assume a 2% to 2%% annual increase The food industry, they say, probably has ments in plant architecture, which would in the Consumer Price Index. If the future more opportunities than any other major increase the exposure of leaves to sunlight rate of inflation is 5% to 10%, investment sector of the economy to eliminate waste and and thus increase their efficiency. returns of 10% to 13% will be needed to inefficiency-invisible items that add up at But the biggest opportunities for better maintain costs at a level percent of payroll. the supermarket check-out counter. food efficiency are in the farm-to-consumer "Are there such investment-sound, secure One promising area is productivity, where sector, the so-called marketing margin. investments-that will meet the 'prudent the food industry in general lost ground last Packaging, which next to labor accounts man rule' written into the new pension legis· year. Compared with the year before, it used for the largest percentage of the consumer's lation?" Mr. Paul believes pension-plan de­ just as much labor to move less food from dollar, offers perhaps the greatest chance for signs will have to be altered, both to cope farm to consumer. And food retailing in par­ savings. Food-packaging costs totaled $10· With the new law and with new economic ticular, which had a scant productivity gain billion last year. Aside from "convenience" realities. of 1.5 per cent in the previous three years, foods (which many consumer studies have Because so many of the effects of this apparently slipped last year. found offer little convenience and add sub­ new legislation are unclear, but potentially How to overcome such problems was among stantially to labor costs), packaging is often great, it is at least plain that corporate the challenges tackled by economists and quite wasteful, contributing to further waste management should spend a good deal more food experts at the food conference on infla­ in other operations. time worrying about their pension plans than tion held last week in Chicago. One of the American processed foods are packaged in they have in the past. Politicians are not things they discussed was a proposal that more than 2,500 different sizes and shapes, affected a bit by a new pension law; they emerged from the Agriculture Department according to several estimates, in addition to last Tuesday. 1,400 different packages for fresh produce. can continue to hand out pension promises While others were cursing the darkness, a and bequeath the costs to their successors. group of specialists in the agency's Agricul­ This multiplicity of packages aggravates For private pension plans, the future is now. tural Marketing Service ignited one small the expenses involved in processing, storing candle to help light the path out of food and handling food. And it raises obstacles inflation. They produced a new grading -plan to automated warehouse systems that could that could lead Americans to eat leaner meat be introduced with present technology. PRODUCTIVITY ON FARMS HAS and thus save millions of bushels of costly "There has to be a better idea," said Grant HELPED HOLD FOOD COSTS IN LINE feed grains. The plan could mean important C. Gentry, executive vice president of the savings for both the food industry and con­ Jewel Companies, Inc., summing up packag­ sumers. ing inefficiencies in a presentation at the last HON. ANCHER NELSEN The food industry as a whole took in $132 annual meeting of the National Association of Food Chains. OF MINNESOTA billion from United States consumers last year, and by year's end it was collecting The diversity of packages also contributes IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES money for food at an even faster annual pace. to waste in transportation, which already has Wednesday, September 25, 1974 Since then, shoppers have noticed that more inefficiencies of its own. Because of the wide of their money is going to farmers, but they variety of packages, it is nearly impossible to Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, at long last have failed to realize that an increasing pro­ stack goods without wasting space. Often, it . appears some economists and con- portion of it is going to the processors and movement of unevenly stacked pallets, with 32684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1974 boxes bulging over edg-es, leads to damaging APPEALS COURT RECOGNIZES of Washington, D.C., in their August 16, of goods. RIGHT OF DRIVERS TO REFUSE 1974, issue of "Daily Labor Report, Cur­ Railroad and truck t ransportation ac­ TO OPERATE UNSAFE VEHICLES rent Developments Section," pages A-16 counted for $6.1-bUlion of food costs last toA-18. year, and a large part of that went for waste movement and idle time. APPEALS CouRT TELLS NLRB To DECIDE M E RITS HON. FRED B. ROONEY OF DISCHARGES IN SAFETY CASES "Almost half of the trucks engaged in food OF PENNSYLVANIA t1·ansportation are empty at any one time," The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District Mr. Gentry noted. Part of this waste results IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES of Columbia remands two NLRB decisious in­ from Interstate Commerce Commission rules Wednesday, September 25, 1974 volving two truck drivers who were dis­ that many trucks must make backhauls (re­ charged for refusing to drive what they turn trips) without a paying load. Mr. ROONEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. thought were unsafe trucks because it says Still less efficiency is found in the use of Speaker, for the last several years I have the Board erroneously applied the Spielberg railroad cars. The National Commission on sponsored many bills on motor carrier and Collyer doctrines in dismissing the driv­ Pl'oductivity found last year that, although safety. In one of my bills, H.R. 6180, ers' unfair labor practice charges in deference rail rates had increased 33 per cent since there is a provision which protects em­ to arbitration awards. The Board is in­ 1967, railroad cars were still moving food structed to rule on the merits of the com­ across the country at a slower pace than they ployees from discrimination against them plaints. did 20 years ago. The cars were moving only by their companies if they should refuse The thrust of the opinion by Judge Wil­ 12 per cent of the time and moving with a to drive an unsafe vehicle on our Na­ key, joined by Judge Wright and in part by load only 7 per cent of the time. tion's highways. Judge MacKinnon, is a clarification of these "Enormous productivity gains could flow Recently, PROD, the Professional doctrines. "Our acceptance of those doc­ from an improved transportation system, not Drivers Council for Safety and Health, trines was and is founded upon the prem­ only from faster service but from the more brought a lawsuit for two of its members ise that they are appropriately applied efficient packaging and handling that it who were discharged by their employer only where the resolution of the contractual would make possible," the commission said. issues is congruent with the resolution of Among the business interests that take a companies because they refused to drive the statutory unfair labor practice issues," share of the food marketing dollar, the larg­ unsafe vehicles that violated State safety the court holds. Judge MacKinnon concurs est goes to the processing industry, which laws. · in the majority opinion in Ferguson, and got $28-billion last year. Retail food stores The employees union grievance com­ concurs in the result in the other case, Ban­ received the second largest share, nearly $24- mittee and the National Labor Relations yard. bllllon. Restaurants and similar institutions Board approved the employees discharge In bot h cases, the drivers, Ferguson and took the third largest portion, $18.9-billion. holding that such discharge was proper Banyard, members of the Teamsters, refused Some segments of the family's budget cut within the contract agreement between to drive trucks which they thought were across all these areas. Meats, which account the union members and the company. dangerous and were fired. Banyard was fired for more than $3 out of every $10 spent at on October 7, 1969 for refusing to drive an the grocery store, offer many opportunities The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Dis­ admittedly overloaded truck in violation of for cost savings, according to a. recent study trict of Columbia Circuit has recently Ohio state law. The contract between the by a special task force of the Agriculture ruled that: Teamsters and his former company, the Mc­ Department. No contract provision or arbitration award Lean Truck Company, provided in Article 16 One saving could be achieved by increasing can permit an employer to require his em­ that employees would not be required to vio­ shipments of boxed beef after carcasses are ployees to violate state laws or to create late any applicable statute or a governmental broken down into primary sections, allow­ safety hazards to themselves or others. regulation relating to safety. ing efficiencies through manpower savings Banyard filed a charge with the NLRB on with assembly-line cutting and use of The court further held that such con­ January 2, 1970 alleging violation of Sections trimmed bone and fat for by-products, plus tracts must be congruent with the reso­ 8(a) (1) and (3) of the Taft-Hartley Act. additional savings in transportation. lution of statutory unfair labor practice A trial examiner concluded on July 23, 1970 More savings could be gained by the fur­ ther reduction of beef at central cutting issues. that since grievance proceedings were under­ points to the final retail cuts, the task force This decision of the court of appeals way, there was no award for the Board to said, and still more savings through market­ is very logical. Yet, frequently I receive recognize, but he concluded that the dis­ ing of frozen beef, which could eliminate letters from professional drivers indicat­ charge was a violation of those sections. The much of the spoilage now paid for ultimately ing to me that their companies force Board reached no decision until after the by consumers. them to choose between risking their life union's claim was denied at the final stage "Of the meat we transport, 27 per cent of the grievance procedure, and on March or their job. 23, 1973, dismissed the unfair labor com­ is bone and waste-that is, garbage," Mr. Recently, the department of trans­ Gentry of the Jewel Companies had said plaint, deferring to the Spielberg doctrine. in his presentation. portation, in a published statistic stated In Spielberg, the Board established its pol­ Other studies have shown that producer that 41 percent of the common carrier icy of dismissing unfair labor practice com­ savings could be achieved by marketing bulls vehicles inspected by them during road­ plaints where the issues involved had been instead of steers because bulls grow faster side spot checks in 1972 were found to previously resolved by arbitration award. The and make more efficient use of feeds. Young be mechanically unfit and imminently court explains that under Collyer, "the Board bulls are only slightly less palatable than hazardous. The court's decision also up­ wlll withhold its processes until the parties steers, food experts say. held the right of all workers to refuse to first submit to those processes upon which Meanwhile, processor savings have been they have privately agreed. If, after the work in circumstances which might Board has withheld under Collyer, the un­ made possible through studies resulting in "reasonably be considered abnormally greater control over the arrival of animals fair labor practice issues are resolved by the dangerous." arbitral tribunal, the Board wlll apply Spiel­ at slaughtering plants, allowing better It is time, Mr. Speaker, that we con­ berg and defer to the arbitral award." planning and use of labor and facilities. cern ourselves with the safety of the In the second case, Ferguson, a driver for But perhaps some of the greatest savings, Roadway Express, Inc., pulled his truck over at least in the labor segment of the food men and women who are responsible for driving these unsafe vehicles. We must because he thought it had defective suspen­ marketing dollar, are available in the stores, sion and a dangerous shimmy. He hailed retail analysts say. One reason is that each give them statutory protection from dis­ another driver and asked him to drive the individual item a shopper buys must be crimination when they refuse to take truck to check for possible defects. The court handled at least twice-once when it is mar­ such vehicles on the road. They are pro­ quotes the second driver as telling the trial keted and stacked on the shelves and again tecting us as well as themselves. H.R. examiner: "Well, it scared me. I thought at the check-out counter. 6180 is the protection that the entire maybe it was going to break in two. . . . I A development of some promise is experi­ public needs in order to protect us from didn't see how that I could drive the truck menting now under way in the automatic unsafe common carriers that are forced because I thought it was unsafe." A truck coding of retail goods for electronic, hands­ onto our highways by certain companies stop ~nechanic also said the truck was unsafe. otr check-outs before the shopper pays for However, Roadway sent a safety supervisor with no concern for the public's safety. and a mechanic to check the truck and they t he groceries. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I invite your indicated that it was safe to drive. Ferguson Perhaps a long-range dividend of the cur­ concern for H.R. ·6180 and I also draw rent inflation will come from the increased still refused to drive it. At his request, a state urgency brought now to the examination of your attention to a summary of the court safety inspector inspected the vehicle and these and other means of increasing produc­ of appeals decision which was published stated he "could find nothing visibly wrong t ivity and elimination of waste. by the Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. with it." When Ferguson then refused to September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32685 be responsible for the unit," he was dis­ question-whether in all the circumstances the right of all workers to refuse to work in charged. Ferguson was justified in refusing to operate circumstances which might reasonably be Concerning the Banyard case, the court the tractor because of unsafe operating con· considered abnormally dangerous.'' He adds says it agrees with the following conclusion ditions-"was squarely faced by the Joint that the Department of Transportation re­ of the trial examiner (now administrative [Grievance] Committee since Article 16 of cently said that 41 percent of the common law judge): the contract prohibited discharging Fer­ carrier vehicles inspected during roadside "In the instant case, it is patent that the guson unless his refusal to dr1 ve based on spot-checks in 1972 were found to be "me­ issue raised by the allegations of the com­ safety factors 'is unjustified.' " chanically unfit and imminently hazardous.'' plaint, namely, whether Banyard has been The court takes this issue with the Board discharged by respondent because of his con­ on this point, saying: certed or union activity, is not one which " ... the Board's characterization of the falls within the special competence of an contract and statutory issues as identical THE FOOD OF THE FUTURE arbitrator, but is primarily one for resolu­ does not make them so, and our decisions tion under the provision of the Act which make it clear that deferral on statutory the Board has been mandated by Congress to issues is proper only where there is con­ HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING enforce." gruence with contractual issues.'' In ex· The court points out that the award by plaining further why it remands the two OF OHIO the joint Teamsters-McLean Trucking Com­ cases to the Board, the court states: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Our reluctance in the case sub judice to pany grievance committee in the Banyard Wednesday, September 25, 1974 grievance, to which the Board deferred, only sanction the Board's deferral to the Joint states, in its entirety: Committee award stems from our uncer­ Mr. SEffiERLING. Mr. Speaker, this "Please be advised that the National Griev­ tainty over whether the standard applied week has been proclaimed a Week of ance Committee on December 2, 1971, adopted by the Joint Committee to the contractual Concern about the world food crisis by a motion that based on the transcript, the issue before it is the correct standard to be claim of the union be denied." applied to the statutory issue before the the World Hunger Action Coalition. As The court says the Board should not have Board. Our concern is that the Joint Com­ the author of the Food Research and De­ deferred this case !because "the arbitral award mittee applied a 'safe-in-fact' standard and velopment Act of 1974, I have been in­ below grants the company a license to violate thereby found that Ferguson was not con­ serting a series of articles in the RECORD state law." The opinion says: tractually justified in refusing to drive the in recognition of the Week of Concern "Regardless of the purpooe of the Ohio tractor. Under the more liberal Gateway Coal to bring public awareness to the many statute, it remains axiomatic that it was standard the Board might have concluded new food techniques which, if developed, still the law; for this or any other company that Ferguson's belief that the tractor was to require its employees to act in violation unsafe was amply supported by 'ascertain­ could wipe hunger off the face of the thereof can never be upheld by the Board able, objective evidence.' Earth. or this court. We concur in the dissenting "Our approval of the Board's deferral un­ Today I am inserting an article from Board members' perception of the dispositive der Spielberg of statutory issues to arbitral the Los Angeles Times on research being issue in this case, viz, 'No contract provision resolution along with contractual issues is done with an amazing microscopic plant or arbitration award can permit an employer conditioned upon the resolution by the ar­ which yields over 15,000 times as much to require his employees to violate state bitral tribunal of congruent statutory and protein per acre as wheat, produces a new laws or to create safety hazards for them­ contractual issues. In that situation 'the ar­ crop every 4 days, and has a higher pro­ selves or others.' Left standing, the arbitral bitration award becomes the sole remedy for award below grants the company a license to both contractual and statutory violations.' tein value than milk, beef, or soybeans. violate state law and as such is void as If in the present case the Joint Committee All this tiny plant needs in order to grow against public policy and repugnant to the applied to the issue before it a. standard is sunlight, a small amount of water and purposes of the National Labor Relations correct under the contract but not under carbon dioxide, and a special mineral fer­ Act. judicial interpretation of section 502, then tilizer. "Congress recognized that neither employ­ it cannot be said that the statutory issue With no end to the spreading shortage ers, employees, nor labor organizations have was decided by the Joint Committee. In that 'any right in [their] relations with each of food in sight, the development of eco­ event the Board's abstention goes beyond nomical, abundant, and nutritious new other to engage in acts or practices which deferral and approaches abdication.'' jeopardize the public health, safety, or in­ As in the Banyard case, the court says the foods like this is essential to avert world­ terest.' Whether Banyard's discharge was vio• award of the grievance in the Ferguson case wide famine. The article from the Los lative of section 8(a) (1) of the Act was the was "exceedingly brief." After merely sum­ Angeles Times giving further details fol­ proper issue for the Board's consideration, marizing the company's and the union's lows: and this in turn necessarily embraced the positions, the award states in its entirety: SCIENTISTS CULTIVATE, STUDY "FOOD admitted violations of Ohio law and their "Claim of union denied." repugnance to pUiblic policy and the purposes OF FuTURE" Addressed the effect of the abbreviated (By David F. Belnap) of the Act." award, the court says: The court points out that in Local Union "The trial examiner, whose findings were "The limits to growth on this planet will 715 v. NLRB, it held that the Board should adopted by the Board in this case, stated that be reached sometime within the next one only defer to arbitration awards where three the 'Committee in reaching its conclusion to hundred years.'' (From a report for the Club prerequisites established in the Spielberg of Rome's Project on the Predicament of deny the grievance had to conclude that Mankind.) opinion are met: (1) fair and regular arbitral Ferguson's refusal to drive the vehicle was proceedings, (2) parties agree to be bound LIMA, PERu .-On the sunny Pacific slopes by the arbitral award, and (3) a. decision unjustified.' Yet the failure of the Commit­ north of this capital, Peruvian and West Ger­ which is "not clearly repugnant to the pur­ tee to amplify its decision forced the trial man scientists are busy with a. project that poses and policies of the National Labor Re­ examiner to speculate by what standard the will help feed a hungry world when the day lations Act." To these prerequisites, the refusal was 'unjustified.' Neither the ex­ comes that conventional agriculture can no court adds that the Spielberg doctrine only aminer, the Board, nor we are entitled to longer do the job, even for the affluent. engage in such speculation." applies if the arbitral tribunal (4) clearly As the world's population booms and avail­ decided the issue on which it is later urged The court concludes: able new agricultural land shrinks in propor­ that the Board should give deference, and "Accordingly, these petitions are remanded tion, futurologists predict that day may come (5) the arbitral tribunal decided an issue with instructions that deferral not being in as few as 70 years. within its competence, and (6) the arbitral appropriate, the Board should proceed to a "The 'green revolution,' encouraging as it tribunal's award appears repugnant to the consideration of the unfair labor practice is, nevertheless shows that tl'aditional agri­ statute. issues in a manner not inconsistent with this culture won't solve the food problem of the In the Ferguson case, the driver contended opinon." future,'' according to Rainer Gross, West Ger­ that his refusal to drive was a protest against The two suits were brought by the Pro­ man nutritionist working on the Peru proj· "abnormally dangerous" working conditions fessional Drivers Council (PROD). According ect. protected under Section 502 of the Act and to PROD Executive Director Arthur Fox, The undertaking here is far from tradi­ a. protest on behalf of other employees "the teamsters union universally fails to en­ tional. Essentially, it converts sunlight, a. against the unsafe condition of the truck force the National Master Freight Contract's minimum of water, and a tiny fresh-water and to secure its repair. He argued that such prohibition against requiring drivers to plant into a "flour" that nourishes human protest is protected under Section 7 of the perform dangerous work. As a result, the na­ beings with vitamins, minerals, fatty acids Act, which gives employees "the right to tion's over-the-road truck drivers are left and, above all, protein, the basic element of engage in concerted activities for the pur­ at the mercy of their employers who fre­ all healthy human nutrition. pose of mutual aid or protection.'' quently present them with the choice of risk­ The plant is a microalga with the scientific The Board argued that its deferral under ing their lives or losing their jobs.'' name of Scenedesmus. Sown in shallow plas­ Spielberg was proper because the statutory In Fox's view, the court's decision "upholds tic basins of water, it is cult,ivated with 32686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 1974 abundant sunshine, measured doses of car~ CIA INVOLVEMENT IN INTERNAL Testimony at the time was that the U.S. bon dioxide and a special mineral fertilizer. AFFAIRS OF OTHER NATIONS was not involved in any way; that it bought It produces a crop every four days. QUESTIONED no votes, press~u·ed no one or promoted any A centrifuge harvests the crop, recycling trouble. the water back into the growing basins. The discrepancies between that testimony Dried, the microscopic plant becomes a pow­ HON. JOE L. EVINS and the disclosures have renewed the in­ dery, leaf-colored "flour" with the faint terest of the Congress in the testimony as scent and flavor of fresh salad greens. OF TENNESSEE well as in the way the OIA operates. And Except in appearance and consistency, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES well it should. Obviously the so-called CIA "oversight" however, it's not really a flour at all. It nei­ Wednesday, September 25, 1974 ther thickens nor binds when combined with committees of Congress either went along other foods, whose colors and flavors it easily Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, with what was happening in Chile or didn't assumes; and it boosts the nutritive value. the Tennessean in Nashville in a recent know about the CIA activities. Either way, they were the watchdogs that didn't bark, "The traditional food with the highest pro­ editorial questions the involvement of the and that seems to be giving the Congress tein value is the egg, followed by milk, beef ·central Intelligence Agency in the inter­ pause. and soya," Gross said. "Scenedesmus ranks nal affairs of other nations. At his news conference last week, Mr. Ford between eggs and milk. By adding it to milk, The editorial specifically refers to justified the interference in Chile and, for we can give the latter a higher protein value testimony of CIA Director William Colby that matter, elsewhere, on grounds that Com­ than eggs." before a House subcommittee to the effect munist regimes also do this and spend a lot west Germany has conducted research that the CIA was actively involved in the more money on similar activities. on cultivation of Scenedesmus for human agitation in Chile against President Al­ Well, Communist regimes do a great many nutrition for more than two decades with things that this country in no way wants to excellent results. Among the most dramatic lende prior to his overthrow and death. imitate. It is no justification at all to say of these proved to be its high yield of pro­ This testimony included the statement that whatever the Communists do, the U.S. tein compared to traditional foodstuffs. that the CIA authorized $500,000 to aid should feel free to do. Studies at a Dortmund experimental sta~ the political opposition to President It has long been a public-stated principle tion show that one acre devoted to produc­ Allende, $300,000 to bribe Chilean legis­ of this nation that other countries ought ing Scenedesmus "flour" can yield 21,900% lators to vote against the late President, to have the right to choose freely the kind more protein in a year than the same area and millions of dollars for destabilization of government it wants. This nation fought assigned to milk production, 15,900% more of the government. a long and expensive war in Vietnam while protein than an acre planted with wheat and Hopefully these policies of covert ac­ arguing this. 4,400% more protein than an acre of soy­ The U.S. may not have liked Mr. Allende, beans. tivities related to the internal affairs of and he may have been a minority president, "Production of new foodstuffs must take other nations will be reversed and a new but he was elected to office under constitu­ into account other considerations, notably set of principles adopted for the opera­ tional processes and in fact could claim his ecology," Gross told a reporter recently. tion of the CIA with much tighter reins office and election with more basis of fact "With Scenedesmus, little water is needed to on covert action. than President Thieu of South Vietnam. produce a ton of protein, and contamination Because of the interest of my colleagues The fall-out of the Chilean intervention is almost nonexistent." and the American people in this matter, is the fact it will increase the fears of many The Peruvian project, a cooperative effort other nations in the world that Washington I place the editorial in the RECORD here­ interferes routinely in the domestic affairs of of the governments of Peru and West Ger­ with. any country whose leadership it doesn't like. many, began two years ago. Scientists of The editorial follows: both countries studied the possible nutri­ The CIA is frequently blamed around the UNrrED STATES NE'EDS To REASSESS COVERT tional worth of the "flour" in this nation world when things go wrong, however blame­ ACTIVn'lES ABROAD where 60% of all children are born under­ less it may be. But the tendency to see the nourished and where protein deficiency aver­ Disclosures that the Central Intelligence CIA under every rock in every land is now ages 15% in the population as a whole. Agency authorized millions of dollars for going to take a quantum jump. They built a pilot plant to produce the covert activities in Chile are bad enough, President Ford and congressional leaders "flour" for experimental purposes, and re­ but President Ford's public defense of this have been discussing the role of the CIA. searchers investigated the economic feasibil­ Nixon administration policy is astounding. And hopefully the end result will be a new While President Ford denied there was any set of principles for its operations and a ity of the product and the public's reaction much tighter rein on its covert activities. to it. involvement by the U.S. in the coup against Chilean President Allende, he said there was Health ministry technicians served 8,000 an effort by the CIA to prop up opposition meals featuring Scenedesmus-fortified dishes. news media and political parties during the Peru's Institute of Nutrition prepared a Allende regime, and he deemed this in the THE PANAMA CANAL cookbook. The recipes use the green "flour" best interests of the Chilean people and in everything from minestrone soup to the U.S. chocolate pudding. That view has also been supported by HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE So far, research shows Scenedesmus can Secretary of State Henry Kissinger who told OF NEW JERSEY be cultivated economically on a commercial the Senate Foreign Relations Committee IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES scale here and that there will be acceptance covert activities were intended to prevent by the pubic. establishment of a one-party government by Wednesday, September 25, 1974 Gross reported "very good results" with a minority president. Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, in re­ It is difficult to see why Mr. Ford hasn•t Scenedesmus in correcting deficiencies of disassociated himself from this policy, un­ cent weeks, a great deal of controversy badly nourished Peruvian children and em­ less the reason is that he doesn't want to has been generated by Secretary of State phasized that the "flour" has important im­ undercut Secretary Kissinger, who headed Kissinger's proposal to renegotiate the plications for the overfed as well as the an interagency panel which decided on the 1903 Panama Canal Treaty. As a mem­ underfed. policy against the Allende government. ber of the Panama Canal Subcommittee "Because of its high protein, vitamin and In testimony before a House subcommittee, of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries mineral worth and its low caloric content, CIA Director William Colby has reportedly Committee, this issue has been a matter Scenedesmus can form the basis of a healthy said that his agency authorized $500,000 to of deep interest to me. For this reason, I reducing diet," Gross declared. aid the political opposition to President Al­ lende; $300,000 to bribe Chilean legislators would like to share with my colleagues a As conceived here at present, the "flour" recent speech by Mr. Morton C. Stein­ would be marketed as a "fortifying addition to vote against him, and millions of dollars later for destabilization of the government. berg which thoroughly examines the to food, to raise its nutritive value, but not This apparently included secret :financing questions raised by the proposed Treaty, as a separate product by itself," according of labor unions and trade groups in Chile in renegotiation. to Gross. "Different food-stuffs, enriched support of striking anti-Allende workers. with Scenedesmus, would be produced for Mr. Steinberg, who served as the Navy Such revelations are in conflict with earlier representative on the Panama Canal different socio-economic classes." testimony of Mr. Richard Helms, former The possibUlties are almost unlimited, CIA director, and three retired Nixon admin­ Treaty Commission, has carefully ex­ Gross said. They range from "baby foods for istration otncials during the publicized hear­ amined the history of the canal and has infants to cookies for preschool children to ings on the role of the International Tele­ prepared an incisive analysis of its green noodles for pasta lovers to protein phone and Telegraph Company in the domes­ futw·e. drinks for weight watchers." tic affairs of Chile. The speech follows: Septen~ber 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32687

PANAMA, THE VULNERABLE SOFT UNDERBELLY man in 1938, and he served on a congres­ gerous curves, five miles shorter than the TO UNITED STATES AND WESTERN HEMI­ sional committee which recommended the present canal, and saving about four hours SPHERIC SECURITY building of the sea-level canal and the re­ in transit time. The conversion would not (By Morton C. Steinberg) vision of the Treaty. Nothing was accom­ interfere with the operation of the present plished. In 1947, President Harry S. Truman canal. The United States has had Lend-Lease, sent a report to Congress, which urged ratifi­ An atomic or hydrogen bomb could cause Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, Foreign Aid, cation of the canal through a sea-level route only a short delay for a sea-level repair, Korea, Tonkin Resolution, Viet Nam, Nato, and the revision of the Treaty. Debate en­ whereas destruction of only one of the pres­ Seato, Cento, Anzuk and Detente. Let us now sued in Congress, and again nothing was ent locks in the canal would cause a delay turn our long over-due attention to the accomplished. During the second Eisen­ of several years for repairs. Western Hemisphere, and commence at the hower administration the canal project was During the Spanish-American War, the "Crossroads of the World"-the center of this revived, but again nothing was accom­ graphic determination by President William hemisphere-the Republic of Panama. plished. During the Kennedy administration McKinley to dig a canal came in 1898, as a Ten years after the recommendation was made for a sea-level result of the race of the battleship "Ore­ ratified the 1903 Treaty with the Republic canal and the revision of the Treaty, and gon" around Cape Horn to join the United of Panama, the Panama Canal was opened. again nothing was accomplished. Also dur­ States fleet of! Cuba, and in 1899 he ap­ Notwithstanding political quarrels within ing the first Nixon administration a similar pointed the Walker Commission, headed by Congress during the building of the canal, recommendation for revision of the Treaty Admiral John G. Walker to investigate all President Theodore Roosevelt stated, "I now was made to Congress, and again nothing Central American routes. The Admiral had propose to put it in charge of men who will was accomplished. data., which had been collected for almost a stay on the job until I get tired of keeping The four main considerations that were century, at his disposal, and very speedily them or until I say they may abandon it. I and are vital to United States interest will settled down to the alternative between Pan­ shall turn it over to our army." now again become priority issues facing the ama. and the Nicaragua routes. Over this It is worth noting that in spite of colossal administration and Congress this year: (1) choice controversy raged loud and noisy in expenditures in the construction of the the sea-level canal, (2) Panama sovereignty, the Congress when an assassin's bullet ended Canal, there were never charges of graft (3) jurisdiction of the canal, and (4) higher the life of President McKinley; and Theodore which has been evidenced in numerous other rental payments. Roosevelt succeeded him. President Roose­ American public-work programs supervised EXTREMISTS IN BOTH COUNTRIES DEFEAT ACCORD velt, being a man of strong convictions, fa­ by civilians. The building of the canal by vored the Panama route and got it; and also army engineers proved that the organization Now is the time we urgently need to restore there was bitter debate in Congress whether of the army and the education of its officers our "Good Neighbor Policy"; especially in to construct a sea-level or a lock canal. The is as important in peace as in war. view of the energy crisis which has become majority of construction engineers recom­ a vital concern to the United States. The mended a sea-level canal; however, President To know the Isthmus of Panama, it is State Department and Congress must of ne­ necessary to become acquainted with two Roosevelt believed in a. lock canal and en­ cessity now negotiate in good faith, fair deal­ forced his belief over the professional opin­ distinct places: ( 1) The Republic of Panama, ing, and friendly cooperation with mutual and (2} the Panama Canal Zone. The zone ions he invited and ignored. respect in order to regain the confidence and Not over-tolerant to other people's rights, is a strip of territory leased to the United good will not only of Panama but of all States by the Republic of Panama for the he thought the United States should have other Central American, Caribbean and South a free hand over the canal and adjacent ter­ purposes of the construction, maintenance, American countries. We must abandon our operation, and defense of the Panama Canal. ritory and when Colombia, which happened paternalistic dollar diplomacy. The vital out­ to own that territory was slow in accepting It stretches for five miles on either side of come of an equitable new treaty with Panama the Canal, and bisects the Republic into two this view, he set up, out of nothing over­ now under negotiation would be evidence to night, the new Republic of Panama, recog­ roughly-equal sections. The canal zone is all the western hemispheric countries that under the jurisdiction, not the sovereignty, nized it as a Sovereign State, giving the we are at long last dealing in good faith. United States all he thought it should have, of the United States. The Republic of Pan­ Let us hope that there will not be a repeti­ ama is a completely independent nation. and years later, in a moment of frankness tion of emotionalism and political demagogu­ declared, "I took Panama and left Congress Early this year Secretary of State Henry A. ery to upset the attempt to achieve a new to debate it later." History, which is not al­ Kissinger, in initiating and signing the eight treaty. ways moral, is apt to applaud results re­ fundamental principles to guide negotiations Panama severed diplomatic relations dur­ gardless of methods. in an efiort to conclude an entirely new and ing the crucial period when President John­ On May 7, 1974, an article written by Sen­ equitable inter-oceanic treaty which would son of the United States and President Robles ator Strom Thurmond appeared in several eliminate the causes of conflict between the of the Republic of Panama worked for rati­ metropolitan newspapers entitled "For Per­ United States and the Republic of Panama, fication of a new treaty. At that time former petual United States Control Over the Pan­ stated that "it is the first step toward a ·President Dwight D. Eisenhower heralded ama Canal" stating that Secretary of State new era in inter-American afiairs." the announcement as "hope for a new era Kissinger committed an egregious blunder May I brietly explain my past participa­ of harmony with Panama", but Senator in committing the United States to a joint tion and my continued interest in the mat­ Strom Thurmond of South Carolina, and statement of principles with Foreign Minis­ ter of a new treaty. From 1945 to 1948, I was Representatives Gross of Iowa and Flood of ter Juan Antonio Tack of Panama, and that the District Legal Officer for the 15th Naval Pennsylvania, expressed outrage in the "surrender of United States sovereignty in District, headquarters in the Panama Canal United States readiness to acknowledge Pan­ the Canal Zone was not a negotiable item." Zone, and I served as the Navy representa­ ama's sovereignty and called the agreement How can the honorable Senator from South tive on the Treaty Commission, authorized "President Johnson's Folly." The powerful Carolina be so uninformed or misinformed as by Congress in 1945, (1) to prepare the de­ Panama Canal Company and Zonite Lobby­ to make statements that do not conform fense site agreement with the Republic of ists are again at work in the Congress, in­ with historical facts? The United States pro­ Panama; (2) to submit a proposed revision terested only in perpetuating their dynasty cured jurisdiction but not sovereignty, and of the 1903 Treaty; and (3) to submit plans from generation to generation. therefore cannot surrender that which it does for the construction of a new sea-level canal The dispute between the Republic of Pan­ not possess. If the Senator can be confused through the Isthmus. Upon completion of the ama and the United States is older than the by the outmoded wording of the 1903 Treaty, draft agreement, the Republic of Panama canal itself, going back to 1902 when Con­ it is understandable that other Americans conferred upon me their highest decoration gress authorized President Theodore Roose­ might be confused by the difference in mean­ given to any foreign citizen, the Orden de velt to acquire the Canal Zone in "perpetu­ ing between jurisdiction and sovereignty. Vasco Nunez de Balboa, in Knight Com­ ity." Panama has much at stake besides As a condition of the 1903 Treaty, the nlander Grade. pride; the canal represents her economic life United States paid to Panama $10,000,000. in I am also admitted to practice law in the blood. However, she lacks the skill, money, cash and in 1913 began the annual rental Canal Zone with reciprocal rights in the and military forces required to operate, to payment of $250,000 in perpetuity. The Republic of Panama. Upon my return to improve, to rebuild and to protect the Canal. United States and Panama revised the treaty civilian status I had the honor of being ap­ The United States also has much at stake in in 1936, increasing United States payment pointed Honorary Consul for the Republic of terms of economics, security and the oppor­ for rights to the use of the Panama Canal Panama in New Jersey, which appointment tunity to try to convince the world that it is Zone to $430,000 per annum. Again in 1955, necessitated consent of the United States not an imperialistic power. the rental was increased by treaty to $1 ,930,- President, the Secretary of the Navy and the Since World War II more than 80 '7o of the 000. Secretary of State. ships passing through the canal were and Senator Thurmond contends that the orig­ are of foreign registry, but because the ships' inal treaty was not a "lease" but was a "pur­ CONGRESSIONAL INACTION tarifi has not been increased to meet the chase" of the Canal Zone. This misconcep­ Our "Good Neighbor Policy", initiated by rising costs of operation, the American tax­ tion has caused some senators to adopt a President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938, was payer is carrying the additional heavy load. very intlexible and narrowminded stand to at its highest level immediately after World The construction of a new sea-level canal the point of exposing themselves to ridicule ·war II. Lyndon B. Johnson was a Congress- would be a broad open wat erway, free of dan- by asserting that the United States had CXX--2060- Part 24 32688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1974 bought the canal zone outright as it bought The policies of Argentina, one of our sup­ and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean; the pe­ Louisiana and Alaska. Were this true, why pliers of beef and wheat, are uncertain. rimeter of the middle ring passing through is it, therefore, necessary to pay an annual Colombia has been suspicious of the United Nicaragua, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Republic of rental to the Republic of Panama for the States ever since we took its most important Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. The third, use of the Canal Zone? There is no private province, Panama, from its control. We are inner circle is within the Canal Zone. industry or enterprise in the Zone. The also in need of Bolivian tin and natural gas. "With the international situation tense, United States is landlord, doctor, hotel· United States today is none too popular at there is no time to be lost in negotiations keeper, teacher and laundryman as well as any point south of its borders, and democ­ with our Latin-American neighbors for the the only employer in the zone under congres­ racy has taken a terrible beating throughout defense sites so necessary for the security sional watchdog and supervision in one de­ the Islands and Latin America. of the Americas." gree or another. Congress voted to boycott Rhodesia, leav­ The same issues about which I wrote in 1960, a nine point program was ado~ted ing American industry no choice but to pur­ 1948, remain prevalent today. for improvement of relations between Umted chase chromite from the Soviet Union and Since Great Britain granted independence States and Panama vis-a-vis the Canal Zone South Africa. United States has contradictory and in September of that year, the Pana­ policies with reference to Rhodesia and South to Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad, and other manian flag was flown alongside the United Africa. It endorses United Nations sentiments islands in the Caribbean, we must rei~· on States flag within the Canal Zone. respecting Rhodesia, but it ignores similar surveillance from the naval base at Guan­ 1964, Panama suspended relations with attacks on South Africa, notwithstanding our tanamo Bay and the Canal Zone for the the United States after rioting by Pana­ need of chromium, antimony, manganese, protection of the Panama Canal which means manian students in a dispute over the flying platinum, palladium, and other materials in the event of an emergency, the Panama. of the Panamanian flag in the Canal Zone from those two countries. Canal can only be defended from the main­ which resulted in 25 deaths. The United Na­ The politics of the anti-capitalist labor land of the United States. tions Security Council called upon both governments of New Zealand and Australia DETENTE-DEFENSE-DEFEAT countries to establish an immediate cease­ are uncertain, which countries supply 65% Despite detente, the United States and the fire and the matter was referred to the Inter­ of zinc, tungsten, titanium, thorium, man­ Soviet Union are in competition, if not in American Peace Committee. Negotiations ganese, lead and even iron ore to the United conflict for world supremacy. We have been collapsed, thus Panama took its charge of States. Australia and New Zealand are look­ laggard in defense of what once was the aggression against the United States to the ing toward Japan as the coming foremost "status quo" and the building of a modern Organization of American States Council. naval power in the Western Pacific, especially navy. The United States is now under the Notwithstanding, relations between the two in view of the fact that Washington has failed countries resumed April 3, 1964, pressure additional handicap of overcoming many miserably to maintain its naval superiority shortages besides that of oil and petroleum. continued for a far-reaching modification of in the face of the challenge created by the the Canal Zone agreements. The Soviet Union backed the French stand Soviet Union's modern navy. in the energy crisis endorsing an independent President Johnson announced that a new The weak link in American military and sea-level canal would be built at an unde­ policy, which was in conflict with the Kis­ naval capability is a lack of strategic mate­ singer policy, and continues to use gunboat termined location and that United States rials available domestically and therefore, would propose negotiations for an entirely diplomacy in the Middle East and Indian there is continuous need to control adequate Ocean. new treaty with Panama. ocean transport for delivery of such materials 1965, United States and Panama agreed from overseas. Soviet military advisors and technicians on a new treaty that would recognize Pana­ Ninety-nine percent of the raw materials have arrived in Peru with heavy Soviet arma­ ma's sovereignty over the Panama Canal and imported by the United States must be de­ ment purchased by Peru. The Soviet Union make it a partner in operating the canal. livered by ship over the world's oceans in has been attempting for years to gain a foot­ 1966, Panama and United States reached sufficient quantity to keep our American in­ hold throughout South America. If we com­ an agreement providing for a survey of the dustries prosperous and functioning. mit another Aswan Dam mistake, watch the Sasardi-Morti route in Darien Province as The growing naval strength of the Soviet Soviet's move throughout Ecuador, Colombia the location for a new sea-level canal. and Panama.. What is there to prevent these Union throughout the Mediterranean and its countries from negotiating with the Soviet June 26, 1967, United States and Panama seas, Northeast Pacific, Arctic and Indian Union to build a sea-level canal? announced agreement had been reached on Oceans must alert the administration and France entered into a defense and eco­ new treaty governing control of the Panama Congress that our lifelines must be pro­ nomic agreement with Tripoli (Libya) di· Canal and the possible future development tected and extended. rected against the United States. The coun­ of a new sea-level canal. The lessons of the Spanish American War, tries of Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Barbados, November 27, 1973, Panama and U.S. of­ World War I and World War II, Korea and Jamaica, Trinidad, Tobago and Guyana urge ficials resumed talks in Panama City, dead­ Southeast Asia, illustrate that in this era of the raising of the economic blockade against locked since March 1972, on a new treaty detente the casual attitude toward the lack Cuba, which will be on the agenda of the for the Panama Canal and Zone, which talks or loss of air and sea bases and a modern Organization of American States in March of .are presently being resumed between Ambas­ navy by Washington forcibly indicates the 1975. Brazil, importing two-thirds of her oil sador Ellsworth Bunker, and the Foreign need of renewed interest in hemispheric from the Middle East, was not interested in Minister for the Republic of Panama, Juan interdependence with Latin America. or becoming embroiled in Washington's dis­ Antonio Tack. The areas of communist pressure during pute with the Arab oil producing countries. the era were the four bottlenecks of The United States is being out-banked and CONGRESS MUST REASSESS THE U.S, the oceanic world, the Strait of Ma.la.cca, the POSITION FOR SELF-SUFFICIENCY under-priced throughout world markets, suez canal, Straits of Gibraltar, and the especially in Latin America and the Carib· The United States is now experiencing the Panama Canal. social and economic effects of the political ours is an oceanic world and the Soviets bean Islands by West Germany, Japan, Great blockoade of essential fuel and petroleum. Britain, Soviet Union, Canada and other have studied well their geography and his­ European Common Market Countries. However, there are other raw materials tory including Them1stocles who said hun­ which are crucial, and must be imported A new and better diplomacy is required dreds of years ago; "He who commands the from our government to reconstruct and to from foreign, South American and Caribbean sea has command of everything." It is for countries. rebuild our worldwide trade, friendship, this reason that the Soviet Union, occupant peace, and to modernize the treaty with the Venezuela and Ecuador are planning to of the world's largest single landmass is Republic of Panama to include the con­ na.tiollla.lize and have adopted the same poli­ quietly building the world's largest mer­ rstruction of the sea-level canal on the cies and join with the Middle East 011 Pro­ chant fleet, and at the same time it has Isthmus to replace the outmoded, Japanese ducing Exporting Countries (OPEC). Copper, become the world's leading undersea power made, electric driven mule-shiptowing under­ which at one time was plentiful in the with more commerce-destroying submarines United States, must be imported from Chile sized sixty year old lock-canal. in its fleet than any nation has ever had in It is vital for hemispheric cooperation that and Peru, which countries are forming a cop­ war or peace. Congress support Secretary of State Henry per producing exporting agreement known In an article which I wrote, entitled "Sea­ A. Kissinger's negotiations with Panama, as CIPEC. Chilean ports have been opened to Level Canal Vital Defense Need", and which Latin America and Caribbean countries to­ Soviet war ships. was published in a syndicated newspaper, ward the rebuilding of a strong Western Bauxite comes from Jamaica, Surinam, Sunday supplement on December 26, 1948, Hemispheric Pan-American Union in order to 1 and the Dominican Republic. Since Britain I stated in part with re·ference to western create a. new era. of harmony and solidarity. has withdrawn from Jamaica. there are two hemispheric security as follows: I am convinced that the Foreign Relations communist parties competing for control of "This is evident by the fact that plans for Committee of the United States Senate will that Island. The United States air base was maintain close watch over current negotia· terminated upon Jamaican independence. the three-perimeter defense of the Panama Jamaica and CUba exchanged ambassadors, canal, outlined by the Army, Navy, and Air tions with the Republic of Panama and the and Havana is now a Soviet port of call in Force, cannot be put into effect at present. new draft treaty when submitted to the the middle of the Caribbean approach to "This defense calls for bases on three Senate for ratification. the Panama Canal. Jamaica threatens to perimeters: the outer perimeter passing By turning away mistrust, suspicion, nationalize bauxite and aluminum. through the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific hatred and fear of the "Colossus of the September 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32689 North" at the conferences with the foreign reason to think that the CIA was involved feel they are being .conned by government ministers of South America and the Islands, in "proper" covert operations that would be this book will be clarifying and infuriating. we may yet realize that with mutual co­ jeopardized by a vigorous FBI investigation It destroys the CIA official cover story that operation, an era of harmony shall prevail he was indeed obliged to mislead the chief it has replaced its spies, adventures, and throughout the Western Hemisphere on investigating arm of the federal government. assassins with rows of Princeton graduates domestic as well as foreign affairs; moral as The president's accusers believed that he reading foreign newspapers. The following well as material matters; political as well as committed an impeachable offense by allow­ passage, which the CIA tried unsuccessfully economic and technological advancement. ing members of the intelligence underworld to excise, makes it clear how important Americans have recently learned, during like Hunt and Liddy to go after the wrong "dirty tricks" still are. the Arab on embargo, that we cannot rely targets. At present the agency uses about two­ upon our NATO allies, except the Nether· "National security" is the holy oil that thirds of its funds and its manpower for lands, for political, military or economic sup­ converts felonious acts into patriotic ex­ covert operations and their support--pro­ port. We are only useful to them when we ploits. It has been sprinkled liberally to portions that have been held relatively con­ fight their wars and rebuild their nations justify break-ins at foreign embassies, but stant for more than ten years. Thus, out with our treasures. it is, fortunately, not yet available to bless of the agency's career work force of roughly Let us not repeat history, but rather let burglaries on Beverly Hills psych!atrists. In 16,500 people and yearly budget of about us make history move forward with progress. the practice of covert intelllgence the work­ $750 million 11,000 personnel and roughly ing tools are burglary, assassination, extor­ $550 million are earmarked for the Clandes­ tion, blackmail, and lying. It is hardly sur­ tine Services and those activities of the Di­ prising that agents like E. Howard Hunt rectorate of Management and Service (for­ labor under some moral confusion. The fol­ merly the Directorate of Support), such as CONGRESS MUST PROHffiiT COV­ lowing exchange between Hunt and Assistant communications, logistics, and training, ERT CIA OPERATIONS U.S. Attorney Earl Silbert took place before which contribute to covert activities. Only about 20 percent of the CIA's career em­ a federal grand jury in April, 1973: ployees (spending less than 10 percent of the SILBERT. Now while you worked at the budget) work on intelligence analysis and HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. White House, were you ever a participant information processing. OF MICHIGAN or did you ever have knowledge of any other Nothing in the career of the agency's new so-called "bag job" or entry operations? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES director, William Colby, suggests that covert HUNT. No, sir. operations will now become less important. Wednesday, September 25, 1974 SILBERT. Were you awal"e of or did you par­ Colby was an alumnus of OSS parachute ticipate in any other what might commonly Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Spe~.ker, I was operations in France and Norway, director of be referred to as illegal activities? the 30,000-man Meo Armee Clandestine in pleased to support the amendment intro­ HUNT. Illegal? Laos, designer of the agency's "Counter Ter­ duced on Tuesday by our distinguished SILBERT. Yes, Sir. ror" program in Vietnam (described by a colleague, ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN of New HuNT. I have no recollection of any, no, former U.S. Foreign Service adviser to South York, which would have prohibited the sir. Vietnam internal security programs as the use of Central Intelligence Agency funds SILBERT. What about clandestine activities? use of "Viet Cong techniques of terror-as­ for the purpose of undermining or other­ HUNT. Yes, Sir. sassination, abuses, kidnapings, and intimi­ wise "destabilizing" the government of SILBERT. All right. What about that? dation-against the Viet Cong leadership"), any nation. More careful congressional HuNT. I'm not quibbling, but there's quite and coordinator of the Phoenix program two a difference between something that's illegal years later (20,587 "executions" of sus­ oversight of CIA activities and methods and something that's clandestine. pected Viet Cong in two and a half years, is certainly long overdue. Recent revela­ SILBERT. Well, in your terminology, would according to Colby's own testimony). Prob­ tions of CIA activity in Chile, a nation the entry into Mr. Fielding's [Daniel Ells­ ably more than any of his predecessors, he with which we claim to have friendly berg's psychiatrist) office have been clandes­ represents the clandestine mentality. Mar­ and peaceful relations, are merely the tine, illegal, neither, or both? chetti and Marks describe how his upside latest in a series of disclosures of CIA ac­ HuNT. I would simply call it an entry op­ down view of the world is taught: tivities which violate the United Nations eration conducted under the auspices of He learns that he must become expert at Charter and the principles of interna­ competent authority. ··uving his cover," at pretending he is some­ Hunt's responses illustrate what Victor thing he is not. Agency instructors grade tional law we so piously encourage other the young operators on how well they can nations to adopt. Marchetti and John Marks call the "clandes­ tine mentality," the state of mind which fool their colleagues. A standard exercise We know so little about the CIA that sustains the entire covert intelligence effort. given to the student spies is for one to be assigned the task of finding out some piece we cannot even be certain if the CIA has Richard Bissell, former head of clandestine acted on its own initiative or only at the of information about another. Since each operations, once put it that CIA men "feel trainee is expected to maintain a false iden­ direction of the President and his chief a higher loyalty and ... they are acting national security advisers. Fortunately, tity and cover during the training period, a in obedience to that higher loyalty." That favorite way to coax out the desired informa­ however, the veil of secrecy surrounding higher loyalty is a definition of "national tion is to befriend the targeted trainee, to the CIA is beginning to lift. A review by security" developed and communicated in win his confidence and make him let down Richard J. Barnet of Victor Marchetti secret by higher-ranking bureaucrats her­ his guard. The trainee who gains the infor­ and John Marks' "The CIA and the Cult metically sealed from public scrutiny. "The mation receives a high mark; his exploited of Intelligence," notes in detail some of nation must to a degree take it on faith that colleague fails the test. The "achievers" are the covert operations undertaken by this we too are honorable men devoted to her those best suited, in the view of the agency, agency and the damage such operations service," CIA Director Richard Helms de­ for convincing a foreign official he should clared in 1971. There is indeed a code of become a traitor to his country; for manip­ have caused. Mr. Barnet is codirector of honor operating in the intelligence under­ ulating that official, often against his will; the Institute for Policy Studies and the world, which is made up of people who sur­ and for "terminating" the agent when he author of several books, including "The pass most of us in dedication to a higher has outlived his usefulness to the CIA. . . . Roots of War," "The Economy of Death," cause. The question still obscured in the Most operators see no inconsistency be­ and "Intervention and Revolution." Mr. Watergate debate is this: What is that higher tween a.n upstanding private life and immoral Barnet's review, which appeared in the cause for which we must stand accepted or amoral work, and they would probably October 3 issue of the New York Review norms of civilized conduct on their head? say that anyone who couldn't abide the of Books, follows: Marchetti and Marks barely suggest an dichotomy is "soft." The double moral stand­ answer to that question in their heavily ard has been so completely absorbed at the THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE censored book The CIA and the Cult of In­ CIA that Allen Dulles once stated, "In my (Review by Richard J. Barnet) telligence. The book mainly describes the life ten years with the Agency I only recall one In drafting impeachment articles the Judi­ they observed when Marchetti was an assist­ case of many hundreds where a man who ciary Committee of the House of Representa­ ant to the deputy director of the CIA and had joined the Agency felt some scruples tives charged Nixon with "misuse of the Marks worked for the director of intelligence about the activities he was asked to carry CIA." The more fundamental question was in the State Department. They make no full on." outside the scope of their inquiry: What is analysis of the effects of the intelligence The authors describe some of these "activi­ the proper use of the CIA? underworld on domestic poll tics and foreign ties:" Colonel Lansdale's "psywar operation" In the national security world Watergate policy. That book remains to be written. But would ambush suspected Huk rebels, punc­ has become a code word for official dismay when it is, the effort of Marchetti and Marks ture their necks "vampire-fashion with two that the wrong people were supplied with ill­ to collect specific data on the structure, holes," hang their bodies upside down "until fitting wigs and burglar tools at the wrong finances, and operations of the CIA wlll be the blood drained out" and put the drained place and time. Nixon's defenders on the an indispensable source. For the increasing corpses back on the trail to scare off their committee argued that if the president had n1nnbers of concerned citizens who vaguely insurgents. (Enterprising agency anthropolo- 32690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 19 7 4 gists had discovered that even revolutionary secret funds to play the stock market for the sons; (7) economic operations; and (8) para­ Filipinos in the area would melt at the same reasons of "national security" that military [or] political action operations de­ thought of encountering a vampire.) The Richard Nixon used to protect private and signed to overthrow or support a regime. CIA broke into a bonded warehouse in Puerto public wrongdoing. To manage political and social change Rico in order to contaminate Cuban sugar· That Willy Brandt took money from the around the world and to oppose national stored there. Tibetan refugees trained in CIA when he was a young politician after revolutions, as in Chile, is a "responsibility" Colorado raided mainland China and stole the war might have been politically em­ that requires covert action. As long as the mailbags. The Green Beret operation in Peru barrassing to him, but to impose uncon­ US maintains its extravagant policy of try­ in the mld-1960s secretly provided helicop­ stitutional censorship in order to suppress ing to make the world safe for established ters and arms, as well as counterguerrilla that fact is more than we owe even the most political and economic power, there will al- training, in a "miniature Fort Bragg" deep cooperative foreign politician. That the so­ . ways be men like Colby, Bissell, and Hunt in the jungle. Secret operations in Southeast called Penkovsky Papers were an agency ready to lie, steal, and klll in that higher Asia were carried on under the cover of Air forgery has been one of Washington's worst cause. Indeed there are many reasons why America, Southern Air Transport, CAT, and kept secrets. It was an elaborate but quite the CIA now seems a more political instru­ Air Asia. Mountain Air Aviation "served as useless prank, fun for those in on the joke; ment than ever including the improved a conduit in the sale of B-26 bombers to nothing is damaged by revealing it except techniques for "low profile" interventions, Portugal for use in that country's colonial the reputation of the CIA. Bugging Kremlin the growing desire to control resource-pro· we.rs in Africa." limousines sounds like the ultimate in ducing Third World countries, the increas~ Since Marchetti and Marks d1d not take espionage coups, but in fact it produced only ing difficulties in mounting conventional part in such covert operations, their account the gossip and trivia one would expect. Per­ military operations abroad. If we do not of them relies largely on inside gossip and haps this information was useful in prepar­ wish to use the state to legitimize criminal outside resources rather than direct experi­ ing the famous psychological profiles in activity at home and abroad, then we must ence. Although they add a few new details to which the agency specializes (unless, of stop trying to set the conditions for the in­ previously published accounts of CIA opera­ course, it was too secret because of its ternal development of other nations. tions in Indonesia, Tibet, Bolivia, and else­ source to entrust to psychiatrists); no one In 1963 Harry Truman said that he was where, they do not take us much beyond in the US was wiser or safer for it. "disturbed by the way CIA has been diverted Thomas Ross and David Wise's The Invisible The CIA's spies, buggers, code-snatchers, from its original assignment. It has become Government, a brilliant piece of investigative crop contaminators, covert philanthropists, an operational arm and at times a policy­ journalism published in 1962. They do give and secret political manipulators live in an making arm of the Government." But fifteen the best available description of what the atmosphere of pretentious banality. Vast years earlier he began the process by estab­ agency looks like at the top, particularly its amounts of money, time, and energy are lishing the Office of Policy Coordination, the structure and mystique. No one has yet been expended in designing signal transmitters first postwar "dirty tricks" operation. Clas­ able to give a full picture of what agents in that can fit in a false tooth, in amassing sified National Security Intelligence Direc­ the field do, although a book about to be gossip on the eating, drinking, and sleep­ tives broadened its scope, giving it, among published in England by Philip Agee, a secret ing habits of political figures around the other powers, the authority to question agent in Latin America for many years, may world, and in caring for defectors, the Americans about their foreign travels and to begin to fill this gap. agency's principal "assets" in communist enter into contracts with American univer­ The agency itself has confirmed the accu­ countries. (Colonel Penkovsky was given a sities. Once the cold war defined the Amer­ racy of The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence secret CIA medal and a US Army colonel's ican national purpose, lethal pranksterism by its extraordinary efforts to censor it. so uniform as assurance that transfer of al­ became a growing industry. The CIA's legit­ far their efforts have been largely successful legiance would involve no loss of rank.) imacy, once accepted, cannot be effectively and have cost the publisher over $100,000 in Other secret activities such as overflights of controlled, as the sorry record of the Senate legal fees, as the CIA is no doubt aware. One the Soviet Union, China, and Albania, elec­ "watchdog" committee attests. hundred and sixty-eight passages are still tronic surveillance by ships off North Korea It is hard to find public defenders of deleted pending the ruling of higher courts and Israel, hidden bases in Pakistan and "dirty tricks" these days. Despite the evi­ and almost 200 more passages were restored elsewhere involve much higher costs than an dence now coming to light .about the agency's only after persistent negotiations. The latter occasional stage prop. We know of too many role in the Greek coup of 1967 and its gen­ appear in boldface type throughout the book. CIA missions that not only failed-e.g. the erous payments to high Mexican officials, the By examining the bold-faced passages and U-2 and RB-70 overflights in the Soviet only clandestine activity to which the CIA filling in some of the gaps one can, thanks Union and the unhappy voyages of the admits is covert intelligence collection. How to the diligence of Jack Anderson, gain some Pueblo and the Liberty-but ran serious else, Colby asked recently in a speech to the insight into the minds of the CIA officials risks of provoking war. Los Angeles World Affairs Council, can we who seem so worried about this book. They do Secret bases and secret armies which are get "information on the intentions of other not mind taking credit for the 1954 "coup" intended to "open up the options" for US powers"? The revolution in technical intel­ in Guatemala but don't want us to know foreign policy have a way of doing precisely ligence-gathering of the past twenty years, about Indonesia captur-ing a CIA pilot who the opposite. Once the secret base is estab­ he points out, has "not removed the need to carried out secret bombing missions against lished, its "cover" must be protected. Consid­ identify at an early stage research abroad the Sukarno regime, something that has been erable concessions have been made to Paki­ into some new weapon system which might public knowledge for years. They are uneasy stan, Ethiopia, and other countries to protect threaten the safety of our nation." about references to CIA guerrilla raids against such "assets." (One of the reasons why Presi­ Richard Bissell has provided us enough of North Vietnam in 1964 at the time of the dent Kennedy decided to go through with a glimpse into ~he "intelligence community" Tonkin Gulf affair even though the raids the Bay of Pigs adventure, in spite of mis­ to expose the disingenuousness of this state­ were revealed in the Pentagon Papers. givings, was the fear the Cuban exiles in ment. Clandestine intelligence collection is For the most part the deletions appear to the training camps would talk if they were primarily directed against those societies be based on concern for public relations not staked to an invasion.) least able to hurt us because these also hap­ rather than for national security. The Rus­ What is it all for? Although there is pen to be the societies least able to protect sians are undoubtedly aware of the ridicu­ rampant silliness in the intelligence under­ themselves from penetration. The Soviet lous incident in Tokyo when CIA and KGB world, it is also a necessary institution for Union makes such a large investment in operatives scuffled over a would-be Soviet de­ managing a modern empire. While the fail­ counterespionage that, except for an occa­ fector and were carted off by the Japanese ures are spectacular, it is the successes that sional defector like Penkovsky, most of the police for disturbing the peace; the American raise the most important issues. No one can information about their intentions has to be public is not. The Chinese know about the quarrel with the need for intelligence, which pieced together from open sources. Powerful mountain-climbing crew that installed a nu­ is merely another name for information on countries, the only plausible security threats, clear listening device which collapsed and which to base decisions. But the CIA is can develop sophisticated codes that are, as contaminated the Ganges river: most con­ spending a major share of its budget on cryptologist David Kahn puts it, "unbreak­ gressmen do not know about such extremely covert action, which is not information­ able in practice." In 1970 Admiral Gayler of provocative operations. gathering at all, but secret warfare. Bissell the National Security Agency admitted has catalogued some of the activities of cov­ privately according to Marchetti and The CIA also does not like references to ert action specialists: its cavalier use of clandestine funds, such (1) political advice and counsel; marks, "that a good part of the NASA's suc­ as Robert McNamara's secret transfer of CIA (2) subsidies to an individual; cesses came from breaks" into embassies and funds to Norway in 1967 when the Pentagon (3) financial support and "technical as­ other places where code books can be stolen. mUitary assistance budget ran short, or sistance" to political parties; Thus it is possible to break the codes of Lyndon Johnson's use of "The Directors (4) support of private organizations, in­ poor Third World countries such as ChUe. Contingency Fund" to supplement the State cluding labor unions, business firms, coop­ "One surreptitious entry can do the job Department's entertainment allowance dur­ eratives, etc.; successful at no dollar cost," the authors ing an OAS meeting in Uruguay the same (5) covert propaganda; (6) "private" of the 1970 Huston Plan reported to Pres­ year. The CIA also cut references to its use of training of individuals and exchange of per- ident Nixon. But such cheap petty thievery Septembe?" 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32691 produces information the US government bribery, blackmail, and theft that produces ready to assist you and your advisors at any does not need or should not have. piles of tape recordings of foreign politicians, time. The reason the underdeveloped world "pre­ photographs of documents, and dossiers on Respectfully yours, sents greater opportunities for covert intel­ friends and enemies breeds fear and distrust WILLIS D. GRADISON, Jr. ligence collection," as Richard Bissell ex­ of the United States around the world. The plained to a Council on Foreign Relations blunders and petty triumphs of US agents study group in January, 1968, is that govern­ abroad have done more to damage the repu­ WHAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CAN Do ments "are much less highly oriented; there tation of the United States for trustworthi­ ABOUT INFLATION is less security consciousness; and there is ness and decency than all the machinations World-wide inflation has resulted from ex­ apt to be more actual or potential diffusion of the KGB. cess demand coupled with an inadequate sup­ of power among parties, localities, organiza­ For the protection of our own society the ply of goods and services. Rising living stand­ tions, and individuals outside the central "dirty tricks" department must be recog­ ards are pressing against finite resources. governments." Thus, the same internal sus­ nized for what it is, a criminal enterprise. Life-time savings are being confiscated, thrift picions, rivalries, and bribery that keep poor Dismantling it and preventing its reappear­ discouraged, and the spector of unemploy­ nations from effectively organizing them­ ance in newer and slicker disguises would ment caused by inflation haunts the working selves to overcome mass poverty make them be one of the first acts of a new administra­ men and women of our Nation. attractive targets of the intelligence under­ tion genuinely concerned to preserve con­ Price competition has been restrained by world. Real and exaggerated fears of being stitutional liberty and to stop the wreckage monopolistic practices and shortages of pro­ infiltrated help to keep such societies in a our paid pranksters are causing around the ductive capacity. And government actions continual state of political disorganization. world. have intensified the inflationary tendencies As Bissell points out, the less totalitarian the by counter-productive fiscal policies and by society, the easier it is to find out and to in­ a pattern of political promises with costs far fluence what goes on there. Salvador Al­ WHAT THE FEDERAL GOVERN­ in excess of available revenues. This buy now, lende's tolerance of forces opposing him pay later attitude must end. In performing made it easy for the CIA and other intel­ MENT CAN DO ABOUT INFLATION on its promises for more spending (validating ligence agencies to work with them to hasten the voters' expectations and stimulating even his downfall. larger pressures for future spending) the Bissell argues that espionage in the poorer HON. BILL FRENZEL government has levied a tax in the form of countries is needed to produce "timely OF MINNESOTA inflation to pay for its inability to balance knowledge" of "tactical significance." In fact IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES its income and outgo or to resist political pressures. most :::la.ndestine collection of information Wednesday, September 25, 1974 serves no purvose other than to support While this analysis is based on what the covert activities that subvert foreign regimes. Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, no prob­ Federal Government can do about inflation, Bissell himself concedes that sometimes "the lem is more important to all Americans we must recognize that it cannot deal with tasks of intelligence collection and political than stopping infia tion. Constructive all aspects of the problem. The price in­ action overlap to the point of being almost creases exacted by the major oil producing Indistinguishable." For what legitimate pur­ ideas are badly needed--especially for nations, crop shortages in the Soviet Union pose does the United States need to immerse action by the Federal Government which or the Peoples Republic of China, monetary itself in the internal political developments has the responsibility to take the lead instability-these and other events are be­ of Third World and other countries which in the fight against inflation. On Sep­ yond the power of our government to cope pose no threat to the security of the United tember 25 President Ford received just with (at least in the short run). Obviously States other than the assertion of their own such a list of proposals which I would industry and labor have major roles to play indeper.dence? like to insert in the RECORD for the con­ in successfully containing inflation, but right The usual argument for a large secret war­ sideration of all Members of Congress. now the question is who should take the first fare department is that other nations have step. And it clearly must be the government them too. The "clandestine mentality" This statement was prepared by Willis itself which must recognize its leadership pervades the Soviet Union, and the record of D. Gradison, Jr., former mayor of Cin­ role, and that it cannot expect others to act the KGB for murder, theft, torture, and cinnati, and now a candidate for Con­ until it acts. forgery is probably unmatched. But do gress in Ohio's First Congressional Dis­ What then can the Federal Government criminal activities of other countries require trict. After earning his doctorate at the do? us to maintain our own? Certainly it is neces­ Harvard Business School, Mr. Gradison 1. Fiscal policy and the budget sary to carry on counterintelligence work served in Washington as Assistant to The cumulative effects of huge Federal against penetration and manipulation of our the Under Secretary of the Treasury and deficits have required large Federal borrow~ government and theft of military secrets. ings and these in turn have absorbed savings But there is a difference between such de­ later as Assistant to the Secretary of which otherwise would have been available fensive counterespionage operations and Health, Education and Welfare. for job-creating capital investment and for secret warfare against other nations, al­ The list of proposals follow: housing. Sound management of Federal fi­ though there is always the risk that the one SEPTEMBER 25, 1974. nancing in recent years would have required can be disguised as the other. The "gap" in The PRESIDENT, surpluses, not deficits. The rapid increase in dirty tricks (if indeed there is one) is no more The White House, spending coupled with the expansion of justification for the United States to corrupt Washington, D.C. credit-guarantee programs has played a ma­ our own society and distort our foreign rela­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I appreciate this op~ jor role in the present inflation. The current tions than the "missile gap" or the "bomb portunity to convey to you and your ad­ situation calls tor a cut in spending rather shelter gap" of the 1960s. visors the attached recommendations on than an increase in taxes, since the latter Like all other arms races we have been what the Federal government can do about would likely be used as a justification for running mostly against ourselves, the "back­ the inflationary crisis which grips our Na­ even higher outlays. Spending cuts should alley-war," as Dean Rusk calls it, could be tion and the world. These ideas are my own, begin in the Federal Government's own pro­ drastically cut down on our side with a net but do take into account the suggestions grams, not only to restrain demands on credit gain in security for the American people. which have come to me from citizens from but also to increase the productivity of Fed­ This is so because most of the information all walks of life in Ohio's First Congres­ eral spending. Examples abound where cuts so expensively and dangerously procured by sional District. should be made: clandestine means often turns out to be po­ As I see it all Americans-all parts of our The postal deficit with ·its hidden subsidy litically worthless. The work done by spies economy-are looking to Washington for a for newspapers and magazines. is inherently suspect because specialists in signal that halting inflation will be our Na­ Other. business subsidies such as ship­ espionage are in the business of producing tion's top priority and that first steps in this building, Penn Central, Lockheed, private disinformation as well as information. In­ direction will be taken now. The clearest airlines. deed the more esoteric and elaborate the de­ sign that could be given would be for you to Space projects which could be spread out ception required to produce a given bit of call on the Congress to remain in session over a longer period of years. data, the less likely are the spy's political until it cuts the spending rate (not appro­ Agriculture where acreage restrictions and superiors to believe it. Thus some of the priations, not authorizations, but spending) price supports should be ended for all crops. great intelligence coups of history-the ad­ to an annual rate of $300 billion or less for Livestock loans which keep meat prices vance warning to Stalin of the impending the current fiscal year. I would further sug­ from falling as dictated by supply and German attack, for example--were never gest that you indicate that if the Congress demand. translated into effective policy (as more re­ is not able or willing to prescribe the needed Overlapping welfare programs where too cently the warnings of the Defense Intelli­ spending cuts, you would be willing to have much of the Federal dollar is absorbed in gence Agency that the Egyptians and Syrians Congress grant authority to you to make the administration at the Washington and re­ were about to attack in October, 1973, were needed reductions. gional levels. ignored by policy makers). Meanwhile the If I can be of further assistance, I stand Poor administration such as ADC in Ohio 32692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2.5, 19 7 4 with 28.7% of all cases ineligible or receiving abroad are restricted. Farm co-operatives can from being taken -by alerting. the public to overpayments. fix prices higher than rates which the market the inflationary effects of measures which Coupled with a pruning of existing pro­ would set. A comprehensive review of all such on the surface are politically appealing. grams all new expenditure programs should inflationary rules should be undertaken im­ 3. The Constitution should be annended to be deferred until revenues are avallable to mediately with a view to ending them all. require a balanced budget except when the pay for them, or cuts in older programs free 6. Food prices President and the Congress find that a na­ funds for more urgent activities. A good A 60-day moratorium should be declared on tional military or economic emergency place to start would be the construction food exports until the present harvests are exists. This requirement would put the bur­ projects of the U.S. Corps of Army Engineers completed and an assessment can be made den on those who wish to spend more than such as the Red River Gorge in Kentucky. of how much food is needed at home, and revenues can finance rather than the present 2. Monetary policy and interest rates how much could be sent abi·oad. No increase situation which virtually invites continuing For years monetary policy has carried the in food commitments under P.L. 480 should inflationary deficits regardless of the stage laboring oar in the fight against inflation, occur during the moratorium, and future in­ of the economic cycle. The required finding with fiscal policy usually pulling in the op­ creases should be conditioned on other major that an emergency exists should be made posite direction. As effective fiscal policy food-producing nations doing their fair annually so that a frequent reassessment ot moves from speeches and promises into ac­ share. The United States has quite properly any waiver of the balanced budget rule would tion steps towards monetary ease will fol­ taken the lead over the years in playing a be required. low. Without stern action by the Federal humanitarian role, but must first be sure Inflation is man-made, and can be man­ Reserve the inflationary situation would that needs are met at home before increased cured. It will not be stopped by price-wage have been far worse; but as we have seen gifts are considered abroad. controls or indexing which cover up the causes of inflation and in the long run only such action cannot do the job alone. We are 7. Employment at a critical stage where even higher interest make it worse. rates could cause a massive flow of funds Inflation itself-at double digit rates­ Our people are crying out for leadership from thrift institutions, an even more severe causes rising unemployment; for example, in and action from those who have the knowl­ drop in housing than has already taken home building. And the effects of the transi­ edge and the power to act. If we disappoint place, and require rescue operations by the tion to a non-inflationary economy may them our entire society is in jeopardy. Federal Reserve and the Treasury which cause unemployment. Steps must be taken to would all but doom to defeat further efforts protect those who cannot protect themselves: to stop inflation. the unemployed. The Emergency Employ­ A STATEMENT BY ALBERT SHAN­ ment Act should be expanded the level to 3. Taxation KER "TAX LOOPHOLES: A DRAIN be triggered by the unemployment rate in ON SOCIAL SERVICES" The time for tax reform is always with us, local labor markets. This approach offers and changes are obviously needed in the in­ great speed and flexibility and has the virtue terest of equity and to assure that everyone (unlike most other Federal programs) of HON. JOHN BRADEMAS carries his fair share of the tax burden. With automatically shrinking when economic con­ OF INDIANA reference to inflation, however, tax reform ditions justify (when unemployment falls). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES takes on a new dimension, namely the need 8. Anti-trust to stimulate expansion of productive capac­ Wednesday, September 25, 1974 ity, research, and development. This need Vigorous anti-trust action should be pur­ not result in favoritism to anyone; merely a sued with special emphasis on actions which Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I insert removal of present restraints on savings and keep prices high. For example, in the auto­ in the RECORD the text of a most thought­ investment would help. For example, utili­ mobile industry the anti-trust implications of annual model changes should be exam­ ful article by Albert Shanker, the newly ties, which have huge needs for capital and elected president of the American Fed­ expansion, receive an investment credit of ined, and in the oil industry dealer agree­ only 4% while the credit in other industries ments which discourage vigorous retail price eration of Teachers, AFL-CIO, which ap­ 1s 7%. Depreciation allowances are based on competition. Anti-trust efforts which may peared in the September 22, 1974, issue of historic cost rather than present (and actually increase costs (and prices) should the New York Times. higher) replacement cost. Individuals can be reconsidered. For example, breaking up I comment Mr. Shanker's essay, "Tax exclude from income a portion of dividends integrated oil companies may be costly to Loopholes: A Drain on Social Services" received but not of interest on thrift ac­ the consumer since it could lead to re­ to my colleagues in the House. dundant refining capacity. Penalties for anti­ counts (which are the main source of funds The article follows: for housing). And while the tax rate on in­ ~rust violations should be substantially vestment gains has increased, the oppor­ mcreased. The present $50,000 penalty is a TAX LOOPHOLES: A DRAIN ON SOCIAL SERVICES tunity to writeoff losses against other in­ mere slap on the wrist to large companies (By Albert Shanker) come continues to be severely limited. In and does not deter violators. Two weeks ago, I was a member of a 28- this regard leadership is needed from the Conclusion member delegation of labor leaders who met Federal level in educating the general public What is needed, then, is a new attitude, an with President Ford at the White House to to the need for savings, thrift, and invest­ approach which looks at all programs old discuss the twin problems of inflation and ment, and to the way in which prices, job or new and asks "What will this do about unemployment. Last week I attended the opportunities, and consumption in the fu­ inflation?" When this question is asked about Conference on Inflation on Health, Educa­ ture are related to capital creation today. banning all surface mining of coal in the tion. Income Security and Social Services, 4. Energy United States the answer must be "No, it which was chaired by HEW Secretary Caspar Until the Federal Government establishes would make inflation worse." When this Weinberger and attended by 260 leaders in the ground rules, expansion of energy output question is asked about the Energy Trans­ the health, education, health security and is likely to lag. Taxation, price regulations, port Security Act the answer must be "No welfare fields. Next week I will attend the rules with respect to coal mining on public it would unnecessarily increase the price of so-called "summit" on inflation. It is too lands, environmental standards and other gasoline." When this question is asked about early to tell whether these meetings will in­ aspects of public policy all bear upon the increasing expenditures under P.L. 480 the spire a change in the administration poli­ ability and the willingness of energy com­ answer must be "No, not now, not until we're cies of the last five years (policies of high panies to commit the resources needed for sure how much food is needed at home." interest rates and cutbacks in expenditures expansion. Such policies should be developed Just as inflationary tendencies have been on human services)-or whether they were with the objective of stimulating output and built into our fiscal and monetary policies mere window dressing. If the administration fostering research, not with a spirit of vin­ in the past, we need new mechanisms to is to move in the right direction, public dictiveness or host111ty. The need for capital encourage fiscal and monetary restraint in understanding is needed in a number of is so great and the opportunities for invest­ the future. areas. ment of capital outside the energy field so 1. The Employment Act of 1946 should be First, these must be recognition of the fact large that unduly harsh government policies amended to include "reasonable price sta­ that inflation, and the administration's ap­ would discourage investment and intensify bility" as a goal of National policy. The actual proach to the problem of inflation over the both energy shortages and our dependence on wording of the Act, its legislative history, last fivt7 years, have imposed unequal sacri­ foreign sources. A Presidential veto of the and experience since 1946 all suggest that fices on different segments of our population. Energy Transport Security Act would be a this would be helpful in focusing the atten­ The burden has fallen mainly on low and signal that energy prices will not be per­ tion of Congress and the Administration on middle-income groups, now poorer than they mitted to rise unnecessarily. prices as well as "maximum employment, were five years ago. While these groups have production, and purchasing power." been economically victimized, huge profits 5. Federal regulation have been Yeaped in other sectors of the Over the years Federally sanctioned rules 2. Inflation impact statements should be economy. have inhibited competition and indeed led required on Cbll measures under consideration The burden carried by the low and middle­ to price-fixing in many industries. All such by the Congress. Just as environmental im­ income groups is visible on all sides. It was limits on competitive prices should end. Ex­ pact statements are now required and have these groups which suffered most as a result amples abound ranging from freight rates resulted in greater awareness of environ­ of the "wage-price controls" and "guide­ for railroads and trucks to dairy prices to mental considerations before action is taken, lines." The controls effectively put a 5.5% stock brokerage commissions to charges for so too the proposed inflation impact state­ ceiling on workers' wages while the govern­ interstate moving. Low priced imports from ments would discourage inflationary actions ment did nothing to curb prices, profits, in- September 25, 19 7'4 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32693

terest rates and rents. When the controls through the long overdue elimination of tax supplier of chrome-and place our de­ were lifted, the "guidelines" failed to keep shelters and loopholes. The billions needed pendence for this vital material on the prices or interest rates down. As AFL-CIO are there. The capital gains loophole should President George Meany pointed out, what be closed. There is no reason why profits Soviet Union with its inflated pricing and the guidelines did was to turn every em­ made through capital gains should be taxed arbitrary, sometimes hostile, use of trade ployer into a patriot determined to keep at 50% the rate of income earned by work. as a weapon of intrigue in world affairs. wages down for the good of the country. Closing this loophole alone would add $10 Columnist James J. Kilpatrick has Low and middle-income groups have also billion to the federal fund. recently put the issue into better per­ suffered greatly because of the reduction of Tax subsidies for overseas investments spective and, for the benefit of my col­ government services on which they depend. should be eliminated. If corporations oper­ leagues, I now submit his remarks as Not only were needed services abolished ating overseas were treated the same as in­ through Presidential vetoes, but, because of dividual citizen taxpayers with respect to printed in the Baltimore Sun on Septem­ inflation, federal aid to health, education and taxes, another $3 billion would be available. ber 19, 1974 for insertion in the RECORD: welfare is now less in real dollars than it The 7 % tax credit enacted in 1971 has not [From the Baltimore Sun, Sept. 19, 1974] formerly was. resulted in increased capital investment. Its HOUSE CAN END FOLLY, ASSURE U.S. CHROME Furthermore, government policy, in en­ repeal would close a $6 blllion loophole. (By James J . Kilpatrick) couraging high interest rates, hits those at Repeal of the oil depletion allowance wlll the bottom-those who are forced to borrow add $2.6 billion to the U.S. budget. HOT SPRINGS, Va.-Eighty top executives of because they don't have the cash-more than Finally, a tax is needed on the excess prof­ North American steel companies met here anyone else. Soaring interest rates mean that its made by industries which, through mo­ last week to talk about industry problems. What they talked about, among other things, only the wealthy can afford private homes. nopolistic pri~e-gouging and other such prac­ They mean that entire families can be eco­ tices, have contributed to inflation. Within a was chrome-Rhodesian chrome. nomically wiped out by being forced to bor­ year oil profits, for example, are expected to The steel officials, meeting under auspices row to pay medical bills for single surgical rise from $4 billion to $9 billion-a $5 billion of the American Iron and Steel Institute, see operations. They mean that our deteriorating increase! That figure represents more than the issue in wholly practical terms. Chrome cities are forced to divert hundreds of mil­ 80 % of the 1974 education budget. is an indispensable element in the maktng lions of dollars from health and education If tax loopholes are plugged, $30 billion of stainless steel. So long as Rhodesian ferro­ to interest payments on long and short term could be raised. Instead of unemployment chrome remains available, mounting do­ municipal bonds. and a lower standard of living, the nation mestic needs can be met. Without the Rhode• The government policies of budget cutback could enjoy full employment, decent health sian !hrome, the supply of stainless steel wtill and preservation of high interest rates have care, smaller class size in its schools. move swiftly from critical to desperate. . increased unemployment-yet another ca­ The choice is clear. With millions unem­ By way of background: In 1966, in an act lamity for low and middle-income groups. ployed, the government seems more willing of hypocrisy, futility and folly, the United The current 5.4 % unemployment rate sounds to pay unemployment and welfare costs than Nations undertook to impose economic sanc­ "low", but it is a misleading average hiding to pay for the hiring of people to serve the tions on Rhodesia. The idea was to bring the the fact that among the young-those under young, the sick, the disabled in our schools, breakaway government in Salisbury to its 24-as well as among blacks, Puerto Ricans colleges and health facilities. It is time for knees. The United States honored the sanc­ and Chicanos, and in certain cities and spe­ the President to recognize the dangers inher­ tions. No other important nation did. Rhode­ cific trades, the unemployment rate is be­ ent in present policy and to demonstrate his sia declined to be brought to its knees. tween 25 % and 50 % . To the person who readiness to sponsor policies directed at im­ In 1971, Virginia's Senator Harry F. Byrd, can't find a job the "low" 5.4 % statistic is proving the quality of life for millions of Jr. (Ind.) took the lead in restoring some no consolation. For the rest of society, the people rather than increasing the profits of sanity to a lunatic condition. Congress .ap­ unemployed represent a great burden; they the few. proved the "Byrd amendment," which had do not contribute to the productivity which the effect of permitting the renewed impor­ we need and they consume billions in tax tation of Rhodesian chrome. Meanwhile, the price of chrome ore from dollars allotted to provide unemployment RHODESIAN CHROME benefits and cover welfare costs. the Soviet Union had been soaring. The Japa­ In these White House conferences a clear nese were profiting from the export of stain­ choice presents itself. The federal budget can less steel sheet (made from Rhodesian ferro­ be balanced in two ways. One is the admin­ HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD chrome imported in covert defiance of the istration way; reducing federal spending on OF MISSOURI sanctions). The U.S. ferrochrome industry human services and thus placing a still was languishing. greater burden on the low and middle-in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES By early 1972, when the Byrd amendment come groups. Preference for this course of Wednesday, September 25, 1974 opened the closed doors, several things had action was clearly expressed by the chair­ happened. With Japanese engineering and man of the President's Council of Economic Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, when the Italian equipment, the industrious Rhode­ Advisors, Alan Greenspan, who disputed the membership of this House i3 finally con­ sians had built the finest ferrochrome proc­ argument that the poor and middle-income fronted by the pt oposal to reinstitute the essing plant in the world, squarely atop the1r groups would suffer most. He said, "Every­ ban on importi.ng Rhodesian chrome, I tremendous fields of chrome ore. They were body is hurt by inflation. If you really want­ hope and trust we will not yield our rea­ shipping ferrochrome throughout the world. The United States steel industry swiftly ed to examine percentagewise who was hurt son to the misconceptions and hypocrisy most in their income, it was Wall Street became a customer. In 1973, the U.S. im­ brokers." An immediate response came from advanced by the Senate sponsors of the ported 155,000 tons of ferrochrome; at least the back of the hall when AFL-CIO Vice legislation. 10,000 tons came directly or indirectly from President George Hardy shouted, "That's the It is interesting to note that some of Rhodesia. whole trouble with this Administration­ the same people who want to tighten up Where are we now? The Senate tncompre­ Wall Street brokers." the sanctions against Rhodesia are now hensibly voted last December to repeal the The other way is, I am convinced, the bet­ trying to convince us that we must re­ Byrd amendment. In July, the House For­ ter way. It is a way of balancing the budget move all sanctions against Cuba and eign Affairs Committee voted 25 to 9 to ap­ and meeting human needs at the same time. prove the repealer. House sponsors admit pri­ First, there should be an increase in the grant full diplomatic recognition to the vately that they do not now have the votes budget for human services. This would re­ Communist regime of Fidel Castro. They in sight to win passage on the floor. Without store some of the services destroyed by infla­ are saying, in effect, that while it is wrong some vigorous arm-twisting from President tion. It would provide compensation to the for a white minority to continue to dom­ Ford, they cannot get the votes. Temporarily, low and middle-income groups for the unfair inate the political life of Rhodesia, it is the bill languishes. burden they now bear. It would provide many quite appropriate for a Communist mi­ What does all this mean to consumers? new jobs. It would lead to high quality serv­ nority in Cuba to continue its persecution The n~w catalytic converters to control auto­ ices in health and education. of the Cuban people. I do not accept such mobile em:tssions demand stainless steel. Second, government must guarantee low a double-standard and I do not think the Once these converters become standard interest rates for human needs-even if the equipment, domestic requirements for ferro­ government has to subsidize loans. It has Government of the United States should chrome will increase from 470,000 to 525,000 already done so in other areas. It provides 6 % do so, either. tons annually. If the Byrd amendment is re­ interest to "most favored nations" in inter­ Furthermore, the economic realities of pealed, our domestic production capacit y national trade. It provided 6 % in the Rus­ our times-our increasingly hard times, will drop from 240,000 to 200,000 tons. sian wheat deal. In a quickie 48-hour action, Mr. Speaker--demand that the Congress Somehow, at exorbitant prices, 325,000 tons it funded a $2 billion "rescue" of the cattle reassert America's independence to buy of ferrochrome (or its sheet equivalent) will industry. Now the government must be as and sell for raw materials as well as fin­ have to be imported. And this is the sharp­ considerate of people of low income who edged irony: One way or another, it will still want to buy modest homes--or of cities ished products wherever the United be Rhodesian chrome, shipped and trans­ wanting to build new schools and hospitals. States can gain the best bargain. Nothing shipped through world markets. Third, budget balancing must not be ac­ could be more ridiculous in this day and By killing the Senate bill, the House could complished at the cost of essential social age of rising prices and severe shortages stl'ike a blow for chrome, consumers and services. The needed revenues must be raised to cut off Rhodesia-the biggest and best common sense. It is a blow worth striking.