Mayibuye, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1994
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Page 1 of 53 Alternative title Mayibuye Author/Creator African National Congress (Johannesburg) Publisher African National Congress (Johannesburg) Date 1994-02 Resource type Journals (Periodicals) Language Afrikaans, English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1994 Source Digital Imaging South Africa (DISA) Rights By kind permission of the African National Congress (ANC). Format extent 51 page(s) (length/size)
Page 2 of 53 Page 3 of 53 Page 4 of 53 MK -her leos ailable:# People under fireThe Protect Massacre# Nelson Mandela's 75th Birthday9)vailable from the Department of Information and Publicity Video Unit PO Box 61884, MARSHALLTOWN, Johannesburg, 2107Tel: (011) 330-7150 or 330-7373 Fax: (011) 3338870Price: R55.00 each
Page 5 of 53 B-11 Cover Story; MAYINBUYLL Mr State President? Mandela about theIn this issue: future...REGULARS3 Editorial: EIeRions: Will emptiness triumph over 4 Readers speak out6 News roundup32 Opinion: Violence: Apartheid disguised?34 Opinion: Misperceptions threaten change at Turt 35 Opinion: New Zealand: A hundred years of suffrage 37 Profile:BOnginkosiEmmanuel'Blade'NZimandeCURRENT SCENE Mandela about the future...12 ANC list process: The pains and pleasure of dem racy15 The early, hurly-burly of the TEC20 NP Election Campaign: Masters of Mud 27 International-Coping with the past: A truth commission for South AfricaFEATURES 1 The ANC's plan to rebuild SA 23 ReconstruRion and Development Programme:The ANC's plan to rebuild SA29 Land Reform: What implications property rights?SPORT3R SA Olympics: The tale of three cities39 Sixty-thousand, not out, after three yearsTHE LIGHTER SIDE41 Those 30 years: tales of the underground, detention, jail and exile42 Short story: The troopies who /orgot their guns 46 Xword competition47 New competition: win a trip to East LondonGrwamandaDesign and layout: Bhaune van Wyk, PhilemonSubscription: 5 iiwe Zulu Photographs and graphics-23-26-38-39SA Olympics - The tale of three cities
Page 6 of 53 SEKUNJALO BREAD & ROSESOn the 13 December 1993, the Voter Education music cassette was launched. Many people, including famous musicians and politicians, joined to have lots of fun - See Page 36Mayibuye February 1994
Page 7 of 53 Elections: will emptiness triumph over content?JwTo receive 11 copies of MAYIBUYE, complete the form and send it, together with the required amount (cash/cheque/postal order), to: MAYIBUYE, PO Box 61884, Marshalltown, 2107.Rates (including p-ge)South Africa R33Britain & Europe E30USA &Canada 863Australia & Asia 854 South America 863 d CaribbeanMayibuye February 1994he election campaign has start- In the past three months, the ANC hased in earnest. Yet none of the succeeded in doing this through directcontestants can claim that they contact with the electorate in door-tohave grasped the tasks at hand door work and People's Forums. The foin what is the most massive and rums in particular worked out so well thatintense political activity South the tradition will be carried into governAfrica has ever witnessed. ment. Tied to this is the democratic andThey are all feeling their way through a transparent process that has gone intonew terrain. the adoption of the electoral lists and theFor the ANC and its allies, the task is to RDP, a quality that stands the ANC inmove from the politics of resistance to the good stead.formality of "establishment contest" and The question though is whether thegovernance. emphasis on form devoid of content -The NP and others in the white :stab- which is the mainstay of white establishlishmentfaceanuphillbattl:transforming mentpoliti Page 8 of 53 R e a d e r hack issues of other pab- oar J,m Shrll Hoasc Whcrc woalJ ones e a ~ li'ations. Wi welcome would M rcr,a,ted } tint a hl:rck Southand appreciate ;my effon Luthuli Ho~x.. African with any tly'ingri u make h r e ur educa- Surely, it is mappn experience alter havingo u t don abom you and your priate That aher more than been denicJ It deliMratcumggles, vcrifice and two years as the ANC's ly by the apartheid syssictories. head ol7ices. it still Mars a tem' Obviouxly the gmrTrrrenre Pemt private company's name. mick of l'ransnet and par Mnnianr! ('nrrerriorud Shouldri I the MAY- rated recently by $AA's TrniningCrnrre.l7.1 IBUYEaliarriallxrard ChiefExceutiveORcer.ask dre National Working Mikc Myburgh, that thereEd: Your rcyuest has Commi#cc INWC) if we will Ire no more whinesbeen coasidarad shouldri I have a compcli- emp#rycJ within thefavourably.'fhanks for lion m charsc o none ft- group is u fallacy-Thereyour support. arc many ways of rctainSUPPORi FBOM rr~cLuthuli House. TumMr ing thu stmus yuo.BENIND BABS OPEN LEVER Houw, Flani tinuso, ur 11 xcms an oppmuniACRO55 7ME eene TO 711E ANC just plain ANC Hou.sc ty m bring various prpuUcar \t:\1'lldUl'P: LEADERSHIP oral) all M amongst the taboo gnrups into SAA'sI'n a Mack prism - I am a Sw:ai hr hirth. I seating suggestions. How #kpits will yet again M1encN to eight yea have been ( Iluwing SA sham it. ANC" sled. The need forthis pn.s n along withn p:rlitics since I9N(1 when K(:. Clannurro. xrva crew presented io3 (XXI other Mack young my brother invrxlu i me self an upp,nunity tonen. Although we arc to ANC arM MK xtivities. MATTER OF FACT #sin people ah initio. hM,m in this Ian) we know He was al the University 0.a A1:\1'117U1'E w will rcyuire the newThat Africa is the Ian) that of Sw:,ziha,J Ihcn. Your:utide cununenx,- govenancnt to explain topnxiuced us long ago. 1 wam n, cnngmwlatc rating the 19Ji ANC Bill the majority of blackxThus we do lark upon and encourage the ANC ul Riglm w;n a thing rc- why the national airlineyour great vicuxy with for umnd anJ Decisive minder of the organisa- will have a handful ofaftidion and great pride. leadership which has bon's long cnmmim,enl blacks. h is obvious thatCongratulations to the Men demonsnaleJ since m human rights. The reG the numaganem of SAAANC and all its support- the Mginning of the rte- ce w Congress s n a hum w till everyrs who hare. together, gotiations. We arc not ap- Mbata, however, as one possihlc opening withafter much sacrifice. ac- predating such a power- of the three signawries whites. What else wouldomplished the liberty of fiat and tlexihle leadership still alive is intoned. cxped (mm un instiyour land. We here are in the South African con- Mbata died in exile in the ration run by political appnwd o(you and debate text only but slur in the United Slates in 19Sy. pointcn of the Hats!with affection shot you Alrican context. Gnil MGerirar,, h is aMmt time thatand how great a nation Africa as a whole is Visirin,e Full>ri,elu the lumrc stakeholders ofyou will become. And we patiently kx,king fi,rwanl Sllmlar: If'irr. this mismanaged parasdesirc #, know more. to the day ahcn African mtal uriously la,ked intofirsthand. aMmt you. We ns like ThaMr MMki. BLAIXS DENIED the aflairs of SAA.desire a direct connection Cyril Ramaphow, Tokyo WINGS Enough taxpayers nu,ncyof urns with you Sexwale, Nelx, Ucer edimr has been ua.aed in veryI write. therckrre, for Mandela and many nx,re I w# ssriting #v exprne costly vcnmrcs like opcrmany of us here who will assume (heir leader- Soah African .\irway,sting uneconomicalwant to ask you to please ship roles continentally. ISAA) tactics of deliber- Russian aircraft.Donate a yeai s suMcrip- For cemurics apartheid atdy exduJing black It is lime that all prrlitition of MAYIBUYE so has deprive) the imema- people fn,m the national cal appointees M rcnuwedthat we can follow your Boost community of such er. Previously it was fmm key strategic prsipttrple'sgloriousrcduin>- A(ncuncrean,. Mcauseofupunheidbut Uonsofournationalasing of your government. Alpluvr.s N.ru rude, w there arc more subtle sets. Appointments nmstPlcasc undcrswnd that M Page 9 of 53 highest coon in the land he as Transparent and independent as it should be, ,~ bile still meeting the re-P:d: The ANC is committed to an indepen Page 10 of 53 Western Cape the plaint against me saec by the One settler - no National Party (NP) concerningtest the N documentary series bulletThe African National Congress' "Ulibambe Lingashoni-Hold up Hardly two months after Its Umtatadream for a non-racial democracy the Sun". congress which reiterated the Panould die If the movement was The federal council of the NP Africanizt Congress' (PAC) commitdefeated In the Western Cape, lodged the complaint following the ment to the armed struggle, theANC regional chairperson Dr Allan eening of the first two pro- organisation has suspended i8Bcesak said after his election as the grammes of the series, which ex- armed struggle.ANC candidate for premiership of amines the history of the freedom PAC president Clarencethe Western Cape provincial gov- struggle In South Africa. The NP Makwetu said It would take timee nment. contended the two programmes though for the order to filter downr Speaking at a special confer- gave the ANC an unfair advantage to fighters "in the bush" and furce held at the University of the as a political party In the pre-elec- they anions could not be ruled out.Western Cape, Boesak said the tion period. Announcing that the organisation'sWestern Cape would be the test A BCCSA panel comprising 10 Azanlan People's Liberation Armyfor the ANC's non-racial charaRer members and chaired by Prof (Apia) would stop attacks, he citedin the coming election. Kobus van Rooyen unanimously re- progress towards the April 27 elec"If we lone this election the lected the complaint. tion.dream for a non-racial democracy, While the BCCSA found the Meanwhile, three callers, allfor the rest of our country as well, programmes to contain commen- claiming to be Apla leaders, toldwill die here. It is our responsibility tary by mostly ANC leaders and to the South African Press Associationto set the tone for the non-racial be one-sided In that respect,'rt held (Sapa) that the armed struggledemocray which this country must that this was corrected by the fact would continue. The first, claimingbecome." that, for many years, only a white to be Apla internal commander,He said the reconstruction and perspective of South African history Karl Zimbiri, said It was prematuredevelopment the ANC had spoken had been broadcast by the SABC. for Mr Makwetu to announce aof would also be put into practice In this broader context, the pro- oratorium on Apia's armed strugIn that region. "That talk has not grammes were thus not unfair to 91e.just been for eleRionz," he said. the NP. The other two also rejected anyThe BCCSA noted an offer by zsation of hostilities. "Apia willthe SABC to screen a discussion not suspend the armed struggleYou may vote on the main issues raised by the and it iz not true we have startedseries in a special programme at to tell our forces on the ground tothe end of this series. It further prepare for a ceasefire or moratoripointed out that once an election um," one is reported to have said.was formally declared, stricter The PAC's Central Transkei rerules -depending upon circum- gion also ezpressed its shock andstances-could be applied to pro- disgust at what it termed the PAC'sgrammes such as "Ulibambe unilateral decision. Regional secreLingashoni". These Included the tary Mfanelo Skwatsha said therules of "equal opponuniry" and move was no[ in Ilne with national"reasonable access". conference resolutions taken inGiven an opportunity would Umtata last year.the NP Ilke the SABC to screen its "The conference mandated thehistory of racial segregation, land PAC leadership to negotiate a mudispossession, pass laws, forced re- runt cessation of hostifrties with themounts, detention without trial, regime. This move Is nothing butdeaths in detention and cross bor- capitulation and renegation (sic) onder raids? the part of the PAC leadership," hePS: As MAYIBUYE goes to press, 'rt said, calling for a special conferNP's complaint was announced that a committee ence for the PAC leadership to exof the SABC Board had bowed to plain Its decision.a9alilSt SABC pressure and called off the showing of the last two parts of the sedismissed ries. me NP rewarded mis decision Swapo backs ANC The Broadcasting Complaints by describing it an admission on Swapo has thrown Its weight beCommission of South Africa the part of the board that they are hind the African National Congress (BCCSA) has dlsmiszed a com- biased In favour of the ANC! with a week-long national camfrom Mecca Arrangements are being made to ow the thousands of South African Muslim pilgrims who will he In Saudi Arabia during the election period to cast their votes there.Thelndependent Electoral Commission (IEC is Investigating erecting polling stations In Saudi Arabia because South Africa has no diplomatic Ilnkz with that country. About 7 000 South African Muslims go on pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia each year.Mayibuye February 1994 Page 11 of 53 =buye Febru~~ Page 12 of 53 Interview witYear a ,"we,MAVIBUVE: The ANC has declared 1994 as the year of liberation. Before that, 1993 and 1992 were the years of eleRions. Are we not creating exaggerated expectations?NM: It is nut an exaggeration to talk of 1994 as the year of liberation. The aehievemems of ur long straggle, and the negotiating process which has Icd to the f nn date of'_7 April 1994 for the lira democratic elections, is indeed an impon mt event which we must celebrate.However, while 1994 is indeed a year of liberation, there is still a lot of work to be done to move from elections to the improvement of the living conditions of the majority. We not expect this to be achievcA overnight. That is why I constantly say that 27 April will not he reaping time. It will be time for ploughing and sowing. 1 am optimistic we will achieve our aims because for the first time South Africa will have u democratic and legitimate government.MAYIBUYE: The NP government negotiated under pressure. Now, with the armed struggle suspended: mass action scaled down; and international isolation gone, what leverage does the ANC have if the NP delays?NM: The NP entered the negotiations with a hidden agenda to try and ensure the perpcmadon of white power and privilege. However, despite the many problems, they have made wme contribution to keep the negotiations on track. I do not believe that we we without leverage. Let me explain Ror example:Mayibuye February 1994 Page 13 of 53 liberation if ... vork harder."In terms of the imcdm us pieces of legislation that were passed in parliament. Me NP is bound W follow tight and clearly worked ow time scales. If Mcy tail to do so they will be have ceepled and voted into law.We have the support of the van majority ul South Africans for the speedy transhion w :a full democracy. This does not only include traditional ANC >upponers. h also include, aany of the NP traditional supponusHowever, if they #c io betray Me process. w c have a support massbase to challenge ohna Sanctions are gone, hw imereal in Saulh Africa. If thcrgovernment Irks to drug their feet and break undertakings, I am sure that they will face very strong pressures.us pres.sure.s. They know Ma[, if they delay. business confdcncc will deteriorate further and theuuing not only for the black majority, but also for their o privileged supportervs.nMAYIBUYI: Why did 'h. kick ,f its election campaign with Peoples' Forums? NM: Peoples' For s draw rv'long tradition in MeANC. In 1955, before the adoption of the Freedom Charter, throughouler South Africa where people discussed their c - msrances frankly and formulated Heir demands and c - s. This acnycorn, s ex what the 'People's Forums provide fur.The people are able no talk frankly uhout nhcir concerns and demands. They ca challenge Mc leadership, and Mrough voicing their ue thm they will be included in the forcmulmion ofsthe ANC's election manifesto. With Me Pcople Forums we reassert the bavic charucner of the ANC, namely Mat it is a people-bused liberation movunem. I am personally deeply impressed by Me Page 14 of 53 About he ighting hreathe ultra-right is numerically small. We do not believe that they can stop the sition process. However, this s not mean that we take their ats lightly. Some of them are dly armed and well-trained, they can carry out terrorist ,k, that can cost p"" 11-1 cause fear and uncertainty.also have no doubt that there are rightwing sympathizers in government, forces, such as the Internal Stability Unlt, in fostering violence. We iE in very senior positions. There are clearly also some rightwing elements le police and defence force. This in part explains the clear involvement of Irity pfore have to take the threat very seriously.TREIR FEARS BE ADDRESSED?Should do everything within our means to try and address white fears to Effect that their cultures and languages may be under threat in aiocratic South Africa. These are entirely unrealistic fears. The constitution She Bill f Rights provide full protection t. the- But, nonetheless, these S exist and we cannot ignore them. That is why I have met a number of di, Generalfie ANC is prepared to discuss with them ways In which we can jointly put concerns to rest. However, we cannot accept their demand for a separate Faner Volkstaat. Many ANC members have fought and sacrificed their livespa- defined ho-ands. We cannot r accede to a new homeland.JJe have gone very far in granting powers to the nine provinces. We ?ve that it would bBraces, because # Is essential that South Africa remains a united country. are not prepared to allow the old ethnic divisions of apartheid to 6ed'we have argued that it is the best option in the First election. Central to this etuated in the new South Africa. e need to ensure that every person's vote will count and that the number of It ballot papers _ limited. A, indications - that if a double ballot paper , -d there w,11 be much -f-I ballots may b motivated by the view that spoiltprimarily come f supporters of t ANC; that a complexsystem will rag -fore be t. the benefit of the right wing. #political understanding and maturity That all our people displayed in the discussions at the People's Fomms. Anyone who still holds the paternalistic and often racist view that black South Africans are unrealistic in their expectations, only need to attend one Peoples' Forum to dispel any such idea.These forums reaffirmed my belief that one of the most imponum abilities that a leader must'havc is to listen to the people. Listening to the people will be one of the most important charac[eriaics of our election campaign. In the coming month of February we will be having a large number of Peoples' ForumsMAVIBUVE: It is taken for granted rte takes imo consideration that it that NP will sweep the boards in Western and Northern Cape. Natal is taken as IFP territory... NM: I do not believe that it is m all definite [hat the NP will win the elections in the Western and Nonhem Crape. They are trying to exploit the anifcial divisions that apartheid has created between the various population groups in South Africa.The NP is now #ying to scare members of the coloured and Indian ommunities by telling them that they arc their best chance of protection. This is u#erly cynical when ns the .same NP [hat destroyed Disvict Six, and underthc Group Areas Act, forcefully removed coloured and Indian people from their homes.The arrogance of the NP seems to have no bounds, n w that they have realised that they need the vote of the coloured and Indian moraines to have any significant support in the 27 April elections. 1 have no doubt that theseunifies will pass n harsh judgement on them not only for what they hove done in the past, bm also for their current behaviour. The ANC is the only truly noncial organisation in South Africa. We are the only political organisation that can prove with our words and deeds that we will provide for all South Africans, and work for allMayibuye February 1994 Page 15 of 53 Me oppresseJ. which incluJes African.. Im;.. anD colouredOnly those with Minkers on can think Mat ~... is IFP territory. Only a few months ago the .v'# had the Sonke Festieal in Durban which wa. biggest cultural gathering in the history of N:e. The IFP tries to claim that they are the represem. rives of the Zulu people. But this is a total (all,i They can only speak on behalf of Meir support. and not on behalf of any nation-definitely n~~i Zulu people.Mr. State President"I am a member of a collective leadership. In the ANC there are remarkable ' people, with great abilities. The successes of the ANC are due to them. From time to time that collective pushes forward a particular member to represent the ANC. I will accept whatever the people of South Africa ask me to do. If I am asked to become the President of South Africa I will try to serve my country to the best of my ability."#MAVIBUVE: How concrete is the programme deal with violence and will this programme :: realised during the election campaign?NM: Violence can only be ndDrecsed if all the polcal organisations in South Africa are preparai i work aogether and co-operate to bring an end no r.. This underlies the need to stop making generalisedcusations and identify very clearly the main rea- MAYIBUVE: Any word to ANC members ands ns fix the violence. supporters in this period?o It is entirely incortect and propagandistic to re- NM: Fur Decades we have had very little to lookdace the violence to conflict between the ANC and forward oo. Every year brought more oppression,Me IFP. The South African Police and especially the pain and suffering. But now, for the firs) time, thenotorious Imemal Stability Unit (ISU) is a major furore holds the promise of a brighter tomorrow.reason for Me high levels of instability and violence We must approach this period with vigour. h is ouron the East Rand and in Natal. year of liberation. We will have to work harderThere are numerous examples where the ANC than ever hcfore.has informed Me police in advance Mat we have in- The challenge before us is to ensure that thoseformation of violent attacks that are being planned. who have mled for all the years through the mostThe police actually do nothing to prevent these at- terrible racism and violent repre will betacks from taking place. The ANC is keen to see .oundly defeated at the ballot box.April 27 mustunity policing, where the police arc prepared result in the election of a govemmem that smndsto wnsult wiM the community aMoot police Jcploy- for all South Africans, a govemmem that has as itsment and providing protection oo all sectors. priority the building of a better life for all.Mayibuye February 1994 Page 16 of 53 The pain and pleasure of democracypolhicol parties do nu: those which, like ihc Moil anal Cunrdlnru. a proud of their independence. [3m v now and then u political pam does something which surprises u,. So ran an editorial in the Mnh and GuurAinn. This was in rcl2: ce to the ANC list of candidwawha will be standing for Mc - April elections. The list will incluJ. the national list, the regional lia Ibi the Notional Assembly, and ahetern Cape Northern Cape Eastern Transvaal-ne Dipico Matthew Phosa Page 17 of 53 ANC head over .shoulders abocc iha opposition, because of its dem Page 18 of 53 Looking into the diversirv o(the peo- inated in the list. Indeed the ANC haspie involved, some of whom are not set a precedem that other paniesmembers of the ANC, the mem- ould be hard placed to match. Bw itbership of the movement seems Io ould be unfair to expect anythinghave been sending a clear message like this from patties of the white esthe ANC government should be repre- tablishment or the nrtnchair critics of sentative of the people av a whole - the small self-styled "radical lefi'. just as the ANC has always been abroad national liberation movemem COALITIONPuny ho ndon,s s#.. ..r.srd. h teas ording to the Muil anA .,rlaaucbroughttogether an array ~wh Africans in a list notewonhy.r diversity of experience, skills, doss, age and gender. It reprethe ANC as a true rainbow coati. Ininging together an enormous of South Africans and giving it ~ag claim to represent mast of theTrue reflectionse ANC published the 200 national list for the National Assembly on 21 January, Topped by Nelson endela, the list reflects the gender,'al and national character of the ANC society as a whole. This is to be .h"consolidated with the nouncement of the list of 200Tonal representatives to the National embly and more for provincial islatures.The list as published broadly reflects e election results. Adjustments had to made to accommodate the principle affirmative action for women, youth d Patriotic Front allies. The guiding rnciple, however, was that up to the th position there would be nojustments except to accommodate a additional women.In accommodating the otheregories, account of the fact that most old have to be in "safe zone', fined by ANC election officers as Mg above the 120th position (a 360 rcent victory for the ANC), had to be ken. Outside the PF parties, two mes have been included from Amok. gressive Party of Gazankulu and IN dy's SolidariTy Party.The process itself cannot be scribed as having been easy:lateght NEC meetings, telephone nsultations with scores of nominees, ood pressure rises, etc. And at the EC itself, all the decisions were taken animously-after much heated bate. The two-thirds majorityvision in the guidelines did not have be applied,South Africa will be an example for ny countries if the ANC carries this dition of mass democracy and nsparency into government.envy, and not any single racinl or days interest group.At the NEC some juggling was expetted, as the movemem has also got its allies and Patriotic Front members to satisfy in terms of the quoin. These nclude such disparate formations as the homelands and the Labour Party which warn to tight the elections under [hc ANC banner. To nceommodate Ihese groups would hove to be done with the utmost ofcamion as, according to Mandela:'7hc list must be .such thin every party must be represented a ording to its Bras oots strength. No parry should be allowed to have ndvuntuge which tar exceeds its gins ook suppott. No ally must be allou#ed on the back of another."OPPOSITION SPLINTERSIn the NP the ANC is facing one of ahc mo,aa powerful electoral machinery 'n nhc history of this country, a party Ih.v has been in power far close on 50a party with no scruples about i. g the public's m s (or its campaign. The ANC needsclo accominodale the smaller partiev in its list, partly because of broad policy agrecmcnt and panty to m n.e the plethora o(opposition splinter s On the yuestion of gender, the ANC has ensured that at least one third of the people on the list shouldhe w n already inking a clear standoone the yuestion of reaching equality through ufGrmmive action. The list process has given a powcrlul example of internal democracy and vnnsparency us yet unma#hed by other panies. If it is an indication of the ahape a( things to come, then the \NC has shown that it is the Page 19 of 53 The early,hurly-burly days of the TECis early aaya yet to aay neathe Transitional Executive Stey- Speed ~ns",redve role in raeiliraeng free .md fair elections. Its role so fu has Council (TEC) is going n: hacn controversial and it is susspeaks to Macwe from the ANC, togetherwith the democratic movemem. Maharaj, joint ' uut departments have so far not ,hown the capacity on their own toare determined to make the TEC nakc the pro-active adjustmentslive up to itsobjecdves." Executive SecretaryAppointed joint Executive Maharaj said the legal powerSecretary of the TEC, Maharat# of Mc TEC to intervene on thiswas speaking from his new nF of the TEC and # ~ of policing was "extensive'.fice in the Pretoria high-rise 'fhe issue, however, was how thatwhich houses the Council. Ovc member of he #ubstantial legal capacity washis shoulder the Voortrekkcr _olngtobenanslatedinpractice.Mnnnment was visible on me NEC of the ANC.hill. And, despite no electrichy SAP DEPLOYMENTon his floor, work had begun in .....~.^--__._- The power of the TEC was put toe nest. the test when it called for aarBarely a month afrer the estab- tense, just about every issue that has greater deployment of the SAP inlishment of the TEC, Maharaj said been of any consequence has arisen Northern Natal. The results werethe TEC has made important at the initiative of the Portions Front promising.progress in levelling the political forces. And those who are represent- "Increased deployment of theplaying field in preparation for a ing our movement in the TEC have SAP did take place in those areas,free and fair election. a formidable task of translating and they include areas that fall underThe contribution of the ANC those concerns and pressures ex- the KwaZulu administration.COMPONENT problems end concerns the people SAP in that nren as an invasion, theand its allies was cmcial to the suo- pressed by the people into tangible Despite some press reports of daces of the TEG he said. steps by the TEC," he said. vials from KwaZulu and a confusingWhile the TEC had no intention statement from Buthulezi that heDEMOCRATIC o[ running the country, he said the would regard deployment of the`#fhe TEG precisely because of that re bringing to it required "deer fact of the matter is that substantive democratic component's participa- , interventions". One of the first reports from the Commissioner of vveLion, as well as the changes that are such imervennons by the TEC had Police to the TEC have indicatedgoing nn in government, is more re- been in the area of policing. that a substantially increased desponsive to the actions of the people "The credibility, legitimacy and ployment w made during theand the issues they bring to it. willingness of the SAP to remould its December period,' Maharaj said.`Tf you look at the record of the role along the lines of community He added that agreements withTEC in the short space of its axis- policing is inevitable if it is ro play a the Minister of Police for the pres Page 20 of 53 How is the Independent Electoral Commission faring?non-partisan body responsible for monitoring the election and pre-election activity was formally constituted in Cape Town in December. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) has begun to function at the World Trade Centre in Kempton Park, and it's in the process of ap pointing a directorate for administering the elections, a Monitoring Directorate, the Adjudications Secretariat and the Special Electoral Court. An International advisory committee to the IEC has also been established."The group of individuals who have been appointed to the IEC contain an important pool of experience and expertise. From the level of the IEC, the mechanisms have begun to function and should soon impact on the situation," Maharaj said.Although the Independent Media Commission (IMC) was slower to be established, preparations had been made so it could begin work fairly rapidly after being appointed. A major part of the IMC's work Is to monitor and analyse state- Page 21 of 53 TEC at work: Will it live up to the expectations of the people?played in the violence. If that is Still there a , like "Arising out of the political prodone, then the democratic move- Bophu[hatswana, where free polio- s; to a lesser extent what the TECeat has to avend also to the reali- cal activity is s early restricted. issdoing; and to a greater extent evty that within the constrnnive role The TEC, however, had not level- what the South Afiican governmentthat SDUs have played, there are opal any serious plans to address needs to do, Bophuthatswana willSDUs that are out of control; there this, .since "simultaneously with the soon change its position:'re SDUs that have a large crimi- TEC coming into operation there isnal elemem in them; and maybe a larger political process unfoldingalso there are provocateurs," outside the TEC.Maharaj said. "The Ciskei has taken a differAn important aspect of a pro- eat position on the elections andgramme to curb violence was the participation in the TEC from thedeployment of a National Peace- other allies in the apanhcid alliance keeping Force which would he they cull the Freedmn Alliance." comprised of a n nMer of a ncd Maharaj said. formations undcruhc annnwnJ ulthe TEC.An important aspect of a programme to curb violence was the deployment of a National Peace-keeping Force which would be comprised ofa number of armed formations under the command of the TEC.ACXIEVEMENTS"More importantly is for pwple to realise that, just as in negotiations, achievements depended on not what happened in the negotiating m, but how they w underpinned and reinforced byrwhatthe Ixrnple did. It is the people and what they do in these areas that will aeueely esolve the s. of Bophothatswanaintransigence ' But, all said and done. will the TFC' live up to the expectations of ohc people of South Africa?"So far, m IeasL the record of the 'IGC .howl it is responding to the Jcinands and pressures o(the people:' Mahar j concluded.The Voortrekker m meat onu .:. narely visible in the afternoon 1i,-1,: as he extinguished his uwpnawth cigarette.CONSTRAINTSBut, Maharaj noreJ- pra cal c - straints made is unllAclvnhw :~hc force woala be operatinn;tl long nefore the election: "The retraining and orientation that is needed certainly cannot take place in a time frame which expects any reasonanlc umber of members of the NPKI' to be ready and available for deplo~ment early enough." Page 22 of 53 e the adoption of the debate ha, emerged within and outside theranks of the libermion movement as to whether there has been a major deviation Irotu ANC policy o regional or provincial govemment.Some within the ANC hr lieve it was compelled to .C^. don its notion ofa unitan .u. and accept a federal form state. Yet critics of the :v` have commented that [hcnot a sufficiently 1'.al onTo grapple with this clch.Iw r starting poim should he ANC policy as articulated In enable us m differenti:ue h. tween real ANC policyvenal edde~ of me ANC The interim constitution gives South Africa arid form of state which borrows what is good from both a unitary and a federal form of state,the ANC stated that it bcllcwwrites Penuell Maduna and SandileNogxina of the A- Department of Legal andConstitutional Affairs.. at the same time, a nmd forstron, nstituted slruc'Wre+m all :lace Inch and a nuhlc unilurtuhy In the dclivnnd effective regional or provincial of government. based on non-racial- cry of services wasessemial.govemment in order to bring democm- o. m, freedom, eyualiry and justice.In other words, the ANC rejected ed South Africa, it was accepted that we Thus, the ANC proposed concurreNthe notion of an impersonate overcen- should guard against allocating powers powers among the thrw levels of govvalised and over-bureaucratised form and functions exclusively to one tier of er rem with overriding powers reof state. It advocated democratically government. Hf(ective co-ordination served fur the eentml govemment TheMayibuye February 1994 Page 23 of 53 ~ -_ -~ -~ ~~~ -~=buye Febru~1994 Page 24 of 53 NP Election Campaign:Masters of MudWhen it comes to dirty electioneering, the National Party are the Masters of Mud, writes a correspondentEAT NP, VOTE ANCthe NP's strategy in the African .# ninunity is also to thrive on the mnxdy or too mml ana ae~ratc sections of the population. ~II~~#ud parcels and all kinds of pre.ams nr the electorate are its main "..>~age to the Africans. Organisers .~ ~ m tuned in the typical cloak and .Iryger fashion of the security poIlce. And among those being parad "The ANC wants Protection for its leaders ed are MK aissident., who nave boon showered with liquor, cars and afand not for the rest of us. ^ toned a lavish lifestyle."Winnie Mandela, the most powerful woman An old m who auended thein South Africa?^ NP'a rally in Pietenbarg was asked by ajoumalist whether he intended voting the NP back to prwer. He replied:here lines from two gevaar" strategy to scare South "Don't worty, our slogan i.s'Eat NP,National Party (NP) ad- African whites imo voting for them, Vote ANC'." This raises questionsverts arc mminiscent of most notably the NP. It is clear that abom the effectiveness of buyingthe pre-1990 era when this trend is going to continue. votes and exploiting poverty to estabthe ANC used to be [he The NP's main approach to the lish units of organisers who are notbogey of white South election has been to separate itself as commixed to the party's policies.African politics. The layer advert a party from government both in its Aaording to the Transvaal NP,goes on to chronicle her conviction in public platforms and in its media during the 1993 Easter weekend aSouth Africa's courts of kidnapping ampaign. The main objective of this essful campaign was launchedand later her election as presidem of approach is to presen#e an image of a med at the church-goers on theirthe ANC Women's League. This was changing National Patty. De Klerk way to Moria. Cool drinks, calenlabelled "a takeover by radicals" of continues [o be the NP's main figure darn and information leaflets werethe ANC leadership. to promote its election campaign. handed out at a road stall:'Before liberation movemems This twin-pronged strategy is Under the banner of the NP'swere unbanned, hardly any white po- . mingly aimed at getting support youth wing, a "Back to school"litical platform didn't use the "ANC mainly among Coloureds and campaign was launched late inMayibuye Fe, #,. 1994Indians. At the same time it hopes [o retain white support, or even erode that of the right, as a 'responsible' government that will defends minority interests against ANC 'socialism'. In African areas, the NP's campaign has mainly Rxvsed ondation, and has intensified as the levels of violence escalate in the East Rand and pans of Natal. This violence is then attributed to political rivalry between the ANC and the Inkatha Freedom Parry.An NP pamphlet proclaims "Dori t vote for an intimidator' and several NP adverts have referted to "builders" and "breakeri'.It serves the NP government's election campaign to allow the lence [o continue while the Mame is placed on [he ANC. The NP is then cast as "the builders of a new South Africa." Page 25 of 53 The NP government encourages violence in the country, g=ot improves their election chances.1993. Students, particularly matric COLD WARfnalists, have on occasion been ap- The NP has launched its own coldproached with prospects for a - war against bantustans which havedemic support should they join the broken ranks with it. The TranskeiNP. In one incident, NP recruiters has been specifically targeted withoffered to give several high school the NP claiming, and never provpupils stationery and calculators for ing, that the area is harbouringthe examinations. Aplaopcratives. The highly negative NP campaign directed at the ANC also reflects another reality: they know that at best they will get an insignificant umber of votes from Africans. They then try to disrupt the ANC's efforts by creating cynicism. Combined with the violence in some African areas, this, they hope, will reduce the number of people who come out to vote. Inefficiency m issuing ID's and the formation of the so-called African Christian Democratic Party - which has been exposed a a front of SADF's Military Intelligence-also serve the same purpose.The selective morality of the NP government should be brought into focu, There doesn't seem to be any attempt to expose corruption within homeland governments that are broadly aligned to the NP, or of course within the NP government itself.The finances of Lebowa were taken over by the South African gov mment after claims of cormptioneand maladministration within Nelson Ramodike's administration. Attempts have been made to use the De Meyer Commission reports corruption the KwaNdebele administration of the early 80s to discredit the present administration of James Mahlangu's Intando ye Sizwe.SELECTIVE MORALITY The selective morality of the NP government should be brought into focus. There doesn't seem to be any attempt to expose corruption within homeland governments that are broadly aligned to the NP, or of course within the NP governent itself.m It has been silent on the use of taxpayers money to purchase a R33 million luxury jet for KwaZulu ban- Page 26 of 53 Page 27 of 53 The ANC's plan to rebuildhe Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) will develop the potential of our people to make the leap from a society ravaged and divided by apartheid to a new South Africa in which we have an integrated coherent socio-economic policy framework."The programme lays the basis for the future government to develop both its policies and itz programmes," says Jay Naidoo, former Secretary General of Cosatu and leading candidate in the ANC list.STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES "The strategic objectives of this programme are, firstly, how to meet the needs of the majority of our people who have been living in poverty and deprived of every opportunity to develop their potential and of their share of the wealth this country has produced. In particular, how we address the need for our people to have the right to proper housing, health care, electri Page 28 of 53 It has as its roots the Policy Conference held by REGIONALthe ANC in May 7992, the Cosatu Economic DEVELOPMENTPoliry Conference held in 7997 and other con- "Through this preferences and processes by other mass move- gramme we're ablemenu including, in this instance, primarily the to say we are oneNECC (National Education Co-ordinating country, one nationCommittee) and Santo (South African National and hence the needCivic Organisation), explains Naidoo. to develop all parts "We have developed a process of consul- of South Africa in taboo within the ANC alliance taking an equal and balthrough formations of the mass democratic anted way. Because movement and other key actors and sectors, if we don't develop including the National Economic forum, business sector, parastatals and other components of civil society."The process we are involved in is a unique one. We will in a short term begin to seeother political parties beginning to put out I their policy programmes that very much reflect the priorities contained in this RDP."But there is a major difference: we are moving away from an approach of saying the state will deliver everything, to developing a programme which will harness the energies and resources of all components and sections of our society. For there's no political party or formation that has the ability the ANC enjoys in harnessing and unifying a wide range of social movements and sectoral organisations in a commitment to a programme of reconstruction and development."The RDP is not about a group of experts sitting in a boardroom or a new elite just deciding in a cabinet. It is about people taking control of their lives and civil society intervening and making sure that government is accountable. These structures of government must not be rubber stamps of what the national government says."NOT A LIST OF PROMISESThis programme, says Naidoo, is not a list of promises. "we have established certain priorities; certain time-frames for our movement and we're now continuing a process of more detailed planning that will take forward the vision contained in the document. A vision that has some characterisation, quantification, time-frames and processes which will now go to more detailed sectoral work that will prepare, remmbe rooaf da lyfsupteuare kidnegm, tohce ratleic ggisolavteivrnemproby building over one million houses, providing clean water and sanitation to all, electrifying 2,5 million homes and providing access to affordable health care and telecommunications."w will the prog Page 29 of 53 OIICy the RDPand address poverty ag oneft budget. Similarly wkh other without support from the private sector. Financi rogrammes to meet basic needs and by improvin communities#, he adds.the Eastern Cape or building stability to develop the economy inNortheren Transvaal all parts of the country?"there will be millions Provincial and local governments are goingof people moving to- to play a crucial role in the implementation ofwards the PWV. We the programme as they are close to the peomust prevent that ple in terms of delivery of goods and services.scenario because it The five major principles underpinning the will be accompanied BDPare:by an increase in # "The creation of an integrated and sussquatter camps, pov- tainable programme, given that we are inerty and conflict. So, a quasi federal system with substantialIsn't It better for concurrent powers given to both national and regional government. This is important because of existing inequalities be tween the question of economic development in the different regions and issues of balancing wealth, both in the rural and urban areas"The need to ensure people participate and are empowered 6y this programme. We are under no illusions that these expectations cannot be immediately addressed. There are, however, concrete programmes for the first time that will begin addressing the priorities of housing, jobs, health, education, and so on."We are involved in a nation building exercise. We will not accept the type of economic programme we have seen put out by the existing government. The argument~l 'I is that economic development should be left in the hands of current holders of the economy. They have failed to deliver anything to our people for the last 300 years, even when the economy was going strong. "There's an international comparison we can draw: if you take Japan, Germany, and look at what Bill Clinton is doing in America, governments do intervene in the economy around questions of reconstruction to create an environment where the needs of the people are being met."Again we're arguing very strongly that, while there's a role for all parts of our society, the state should play a leading and enabling role in conjunction with important role players in civil society, including labour, the private sector, community-based movements, women, etc;"The linkage between issues of reconstruction and development. Up to now most economists linked to the establishment have argued that these are contradictory concepts. Our position is that, for the first time, we have put a serious proposition to deal with development and economic growth issues. And we are arguing substantively in the document that these are interdependentconcepts. A government that in Page 30 of 53 Page 31 of 53 Tn~el-#I Coping With Jrappveaewenln IunJ: menial wm: how #, settle apast account wilhou1 upeuing me prcsem nans Lion. The Suren,nerg and Tokyo trials ul 1915-191fi of war criminals. an attempt to preserve ohe e<9leaive memory and to build up an cltecrise dcterwnl-were nuxlch Ihal rested u panicular mumrial con onJition.,n,lorlehlc unJ ,mplaccntluhhythe pastwnien nebtae> mw Ine goriation pnx.em will hrralJ nolnnlya w nsliullonal order but willcalso cm.~~. that our awesome apart_ legacy will nu yuielh n a ten ana nnriea. rni. .. vine appr<,atn w#~~rk. # , two bases.Fnl, it says Jut bs-_# mull be by-goner ana : yokes the cnnceq of ream..I iarion to a its end. Secondly, i1 sayseahul all pai lies were guihy of Ie~n wrongs in IM stmgglc:r_., apartheid - we al I haw i n... to be Iorgiven fur - and ,w. # n< has chan harulr. il ~~ i # mva IS a ncu clan.Mr Je Klerk's iJr:~ ". w sari' is nut note tr #, gel me past nm In ina~~l ,~~# wnere n p I Jnow a '.l th I Ih Bdehbc I I (, I ofproem 11 Ie 'blu act ~~d nit, Ihcy were in punnu #" a policy of prorcctln,# r.. stale anJ, mertn,re. eay nmsl he gives, I#. ... pmntnioncrs of kidnuppu... systematic Imture, disaplw.i u anJ ill-treatment.n`Is il lherelnre vali,l on the opp,nenls of a con,lnn able pre cn1 to demanJ il# Dredging up of the paeo amt the -opening of ,dd ands! Cum g to ternw with me peso is n dirli:uh and, fur s , a puintul matter. Wern use, meretbre,ask: il u re In dust the hook unLilve pall. c, ss~ ,upprcs, n alngaohcY~mA truth commission for sAThe truth must be acknowledged, proclaimed and exposed publicly and the worst transgressors must be removed, writes Kader Asmal, ANC NEC member and Professor of Human Rights Law at the University of Western Cape.TXE TRUTX COMMISSIONMunv r n i u oho h:wc ncJ Innnluudu,rilan:m urWAR CRIMINn~ ~ 'llm war crinGnals who were hrn ehl to trial Jid nut lose Inner thn,ugh political na,,n. hw Ihn,ugh a comI#.:;u military defeat. The . ~. ~~ . JiJ not have Io worry ah,~nl the balance of forces ". . c the military, economic ....# . m power of the town#;tlv ten anmaened. ~I~a#a,~e,r mi, rca~nn mat i ~~ "SUremnerg#'approach nut been repealed since ~ InsaeaJ, i enl...~# umber of Truth ns have been esi.~l#h,hedlhy newly-elected ~~ ews. ny pdvale nu., s~Gom nm-gov .#~.;J organisations andriln oa recent example, by Ihc'l!nhcd Nation in rela(n,n m EI SuIvaJnr.A rccem rcp,n. prepare) in Iha United Slaps, has descnheJ I1 such bodies ana ha. idenlificJ the ANC as Ihr firs) non-governmental bud) to inve+tigale its own .n .. w. h was because of me ncled Inr a comprehensive opening of the Mx,ks. for full ,liv lusure and accountahili. Ih:v the National Exec # Con miuee, al its vu,_a,l IYY3 meeting, propn,.d that a National Truth c~nnmissinn he scl up n, insale all abuses Ihal have n,#,~a rr#;n Iht piney r,r aparohciJ. Page 32 of 53 - '-d "', 'l- 1-1."Instead of self-indemnity by the terrible things never happen again. prevented from serving in a public government - which the ANC has, Each country will deal with the position for ten years or in any mili-r a year ago, clearly stated will past in its own way. We will not fol- tary or security position forever. not bind a democratic govemment - low the pauem of vengeance .shown we need the whole troth, so that the me European counvies today COMMUNITY victims of disappearances, murder, where people are being persecwed REPARATIONS torture and dirty #icks, or their farm- for their past beliefs. But there are In addition. the commission recom-lies, know what has happened. on features which we mended, as had occurred in Chile can adopt. m earlier, that "justice demands that DIFFERENT DUTY A commission must be broadly the victims of human rights viola-The Troth Commission's approach based and made up of respected dons in the war be publicly recog-is based on a different duty Gom the people. It must be adequately staffed nised and he given material com-rmal human rights duty of a gov- and must complete its work within a pensation." In Chile, pensions, meat to refrain from committing year. It will look at gross violations scholarships and training pro-such violations. It is the duty of a of human rights, n