-307-

LEGAL EDUCATION IN ~

by G. L. Peiris Dean of the Faculty of University of Colombo, Sri Lanka and Sharya De Soysa Head, Department of Law Colombo, Sri Lanka

There are three major institutions engaged in the teaching of Law in the country - the Faculty of Law in the University of Colombo, the Department of Law in the Open University and the Law . Each of these institutions caters for a different group of persons. The Faculty of Law in the University of Colombo is the principal institution which offers an undergraduate training in Law. The students are selected on the basis of a competitive examination and are normally between the ages of 18 and 23. The Open University has a different objective. The criteria for entrance are less rigid and the institution offers those whose education has been interrupted an opportunity to obtain a training in Law. The institution also affords an opportunity for the employed and for those with adequate grades who may have been excluded by the University of Colombo which has a limited number of places available. Much of the instruction in the Open University is by correspondence and through the mass media, although face to face instruction is also now used. The aims of the Law College are different. The course of study it offers is directed towards producing litigation and the emphasis is less on legal theory. Civil and , conveyancing and drafting form an integral element of the course. There is little emphasis on , legal theory etc. (See Annexes I and II for undergraduate enrollment in the Faculty of Law, University of Colombo and the Department of Law in the Open ). ..

UNDERGRADUATE COURSE STRUCTURE IN THE FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO The Faculty offers a four year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of . Both the Roman Dutch Law and the are important sources of the Sri Lankan legal system which is a typically 'mixed' . The course has as its primary objective that of ensuring that the law student acquires a sound grasp of the 'core' legal subjects in a historical and comparative context. Instruction is provided by the small nucleus of permanent staff members, most of whom have been trained in western universities and by various members of the official and unofficial . The lecture method is traditionally used with tutorials, seminars and discussions forming a component of the teaching methods. More recently the Faculty has embarked on the imparting of skills required for the through the medium of advocacy workshops offered as a non-credit earning course at final year level. Students are taught by practitioners and who teach them the essence of courtcraft. Undergraduates are expected to know the major developments in the legal system of Great Britain and South Africa. In some areas of the Law where has taken place, students are exposed to materials in where similar codes are found - particular in the Commonwealth jurisdictions. (See Annex III for course structure in the Faculty of Law, University of Colombo). ~08-

COURSE STRUCTURE IN THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

The Department of Law at the Open University, like the Faculty of Law in the University of Colombo, attempts to give a student a sound grasp of the core legal subjects in a four year course leading to the degree of . A few differences are that the law relating to Landlord and Tenant is taught as a complete course at the Open University while it forms a component of the Property course in the University of Colombo. The University of Colombo offers a separate course in the special local laws while the Open University introduces the student to the local laws via a number of courses. The law relating to Public Corporations forms an important element in the course on in the Open University. In the University of Colombo Local Government Law forms a vital component in the course on Administrative Law. The student receives no more than an introduction to the Law of Public Corporations. Despite these differences in essence the course structure of the two institutions is similar.

COURSE STRUCTURE OF THE

A three year course of study is offered by the Sri Lanka Law College. On the successful completion of the course of study and a period of apprenticeship the candidate is enrolled as an Attorney-at-Law. The course is geared for the needs of the practitioner-to-be. There is considerable emphasis on procedural laws. Thus, subjects like and Criminal Procedure receive detailed treatment. The student must also pass subjects such as Book Keeping, Trust Accounts and Professional Ethics. The staff of the College consists mainly of practitioners who teach part-time. The College, situated as it is in the heart of the judicial offices and , affords ample opportunities for clinical training and students are encouraged to follow . Moot courts and mock trials are conducted regularly (see Annex IV for course structurel.

POSTGRADUATE TEACHING

Only the Faculty of Law, University of Colombo, offers opportunities for postgraduate study. Courses leading up to a Diploma in Law and a Masters degree in Law are currently offered. Two types of Masters degrees are available. In the course-work Masters degree a student follows a programme of lectures for one year. At the end of the course of lectures he is required to sit for an examination. In addition he must produce an extended essay under superV1s1on. A Masters degree by research is also offered. To qualify, a student must present a thesis and satisfy the examiners at a viva voce examination. A Ph.D by research is also offered. The course-work Masters degree, up to now the most sought after postgraduate programme, is offered in different areas of the Law depending on need and expertise available. Courses on the Law of , Constitutional and Administrative Law and have been offered. More recently the Fullbright programme which sends scholars from US Law schools to Sri Lanka for a year has enabled the Faculty to offer courses in International Economic Law and International Trade Law and Practice. It is anticipated that these courses in time could be taught entirely by Sri Lankan academics and lawyers. The postgraduate courses and in particular the Masters programme attract a substantial number of members of the , the official and the unofficial bar. While there is · -309- a high concentration of a.nd High Judges whose work is essentially in the courses have also attracted Judges of the Court of Appeal. the second highest court in the country. These courses then have significant impacton.providing the legal profession with the opportunity of exposure to current developments in the Law and satisfy a demand fot continuing hitherto not available in the country. The Faculty is now thinking in terms of short courses and seminars during the vacation on new trends in different areas of the Law. The method of treatment would be comparative. This· would be particularly beneficial for the outstation practitioner who has little access to books. periodicals. etc. Steps have already been taken for the Faculty to work more closely with the Judges Institute recently formed with the objective of catering for the particular needs of the Judges to discharge their functions more effectively. (See Annex V for postgraduate enrollment in the Faculty of Law. University of Colombo) •

INTRODUCTION OF INTELLECTUAL ASA SUBJECT

It is felt that Law could be introduced in all three legal institutions.

In the Faculty of Law the subject could be introduced at undergraduate level as part of the course on the Law of Property. The Law of Property is also taught at Diploma level where there could be further exposure to the subject. It should be noted that the Diploma is the only course available to legal practitioners without a degree. There is also the possibility that it could be offered at Masters level if the necessary expertise is available. In the Open University and the Law College. too. the Law of Property is taught and a new component must surely be that of Intellectual Property.

CONSTRAINTS ON THE TEACHING OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW

In all three institutions the main constraint regarding the introduction of Intellectual Property Law as a subject is the lack of trained staff to teach the course. The incentive for young lawyers to take to teaching are few. All three institutions are therefore inadequately staffed. There is. moreover. a high turnover of staff which affects the continuity of ongoing courses. Opportunities for postgraduate study abroad too are limited. competition for the government scholarships being considerable. The Faculty of Law in the University of Colombo is now investigating the possibility of a link programme with the University of Windsor in Canada. An exchange of scholars for periods up to a year is visualized. Sri Lankan academics will be encouraged to follow courses at Windsor in areas not included in our curriculum with a view to introduction of new courses at undergraduate and postgraduate level. The Asia Foundation. too. offers financial assistance for teachers who have been accepted for postgraduate training in an American University. More and more teachers then will have opportunities for short spells of training in other Law Schools enabling them to gather some expertise and materials for improving the curricula in the Faculty.

Another drawback is the unavailability of an adequate library. While the University library is sufficient for the purposes of undergraduate teaching in the traditional "core" legal subjects. it is inadequate for the purposes of teaching the newer legal subjects. Steps will have to be taken to build up -310-

such a collection. The Faculty has in the'pastobtainedassistancefrom·the Asia Foundation and the British Council to build up its collection. The Government of the Netherlands, too, has rendered valuable assistance. Once adequately trained members of the staff join the cadre, it should be possible to build up the necessary collection within a period of about a year.

Access to legal materials in Australian Universities has been secured through institutional and personal contacts. Links with other libraries may be established in the future. Initially, photocopied materials may have to be used. This was done in two courses currently offered by the Faculty - International Trade Law and Practice and International Economic Law. Steps have. now been taken to build up small collections in these areas of the Law.

CREATING AN INTEREST IN THE SUBJECT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW

Apart from the University of Colombo, the Open University and the Law College other institutions and bodies can be identified to create an interest in this field of the law. The in 1979 introduced a Code of Intellectual Property. In the seven years that have elapsed there has been little activity in this area of the Law. It is significant that in 1986 two cases on intellectual property reached the Court of Appeal. Seminars and discussions conducted by the country's Law Commission and the newly formed Judges Institue may well create a further interest in the subject.

[Annexes I-V follow] .. ' 1ADLI: 4.1

Ul'lDERGRAI>UATE ENROLMENT 1'< UNI\'En.S!TIE~. 198J{8~ .19B.Hb

'-.-....- tinj"crsity U1t;\"('r~it~· Uni\·ersit~· lln;'·rr!t!t~· Unh-rf"l;;fY University Univrr~it)" Eastern ~'" Uni \'C'rsity of or"'~ . of Sri Jayr- of of Academic of of University .. 10tOll Colombo PC"radrniya 'w"1"drl1t'J'ura Relani,. ... Moralnw;!; .laifna Rnhuult. mue' Streanl &. Y cn ---_. -.. -.. ------.------. -.-----.

'\'''I~ li38'; 989 2117 .1)4) 173) ~O4 ~:li 7]2. t'-1'8~ 959 142" 1:'';; 1676 R04 )~9 ~54(' 8;86 995 1505 12,,\; 162e 741 40' 6SJ1 ----_._. ----_. __ . ---- .'------_.,- Commerce- all~! 8384 429 1405 ,13: 497 131 1895 ~\i.ln!lt!emel1t 84'85 46P 1468 -165 513 216 3192 Studi;" 85'86 471 1573 .181 587 15~ ; 3367 ~ ...... _--._-----'. - ---.--_ .. - _._-_. ----. ---.-: --~---!----- ..... --- I I H 1.1\\ 83;84 322 ~ 8-4'85 39~ 391 85,86 461 461 ---- ._------._- _._------~.::i..:lh·C 83184 640 565 4:2A 394 629 224 144 3020 84:85 638 555 350 400 595 .<19 131 ]0)8 85.'86 660 499 380 446 609 416 115 3125 5' --- .. _-- -_._._- ro '_ -.------"~ l\'\cuicille 83/84 857 477 383 281 1998 H 84.85 \'60 512 337 384 2193 H 85'86 966 ,46 360 473 2.<15 8' f-' f-' fCu:ltd. 011 nat VOl~(,) ~ -312-

ANNEX II

TABLE 4.9

. ENROLMENT OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY, ACCORDING TO COUl!.SES OF STUDY A""D SEX: 1983184-1985/86 ~,------~------~------~, ------I------~I Academic Year 4: Sex ~ 1983/84 1 1984185 \ 1985/86 ,------'------_.-- Co..... Dr Study ! F : T, F! T F i T I -=~~ _::__-_---======,-,-.--,-,- 1- __ 'i i j : , I ! NarioJUl Diploma in Science ! 07 \ 19 J 05 i 12 j - I -

Diploma . 06 10! 08 19 i, _ (net pougtad.... ) i1 t.,. in h'b-thematic (1975.;;! I, . I I _ I ... Mathematics (1979) ! 61,' 163 i 07 i 20 I -! - \ Hit=hcr NatiolUl Diploma i'l I ! Maugcm(I""9:S)(197S) ;~ II : i ~38 i 1; = : to II .0 i i 1 Technology (84/S5) - I -, 562 3481

! Technoiogy - I -! - 54S 3908 i Tcclt,ology eEI=ieal, E=ia. I ! Telocommu,ieatio",) 787 I 3366 : 791 3382 -- . Cc:tifu:ato . --.-- -·,,;-Fo-Ull-datl-.-o.------S38 1-1-92-7-:-.-- ---1---[ 1 Tech.ology (Civil) I 67! 496 I 70 596 1 _ _ ! Entcrprcncurship I 296 11415 I 96 384 I 30 I 159 : . he-School Education I 157 I 15S: 176 I 178 i 267 271 ____i-'-Pr;,:o.::["'=ic.::nl.::l..::E:.;1"'1lish.::·::.... ______!~! ~i~i 4242-!~1 ~967_

I BSc De-pee Progr.unme (Science) : 764 I 1442 : 1538 I 2:!61 ! 760 1572 1 (£.lgic~ccri.1g) ! j lIaclteior of Law' . 562 I------ji------,i---..,., ! =I .! :167 " 1 I: [, 5: I, . Dipio.... m.Enucation : US i 1528 : 491 I 997 i 874 , 1388 i ! ! I I I M. Phill ,----,----:----:-:=-1--;-1--0-1- !------1,------1 ! [ i '_1__ _ Tow I :_I~i~~:I~:~I~1 I ~ ; : iii

[Annex III followsl -313-

ANNEX III

SYLLABUSES FOR THE FIRST EXAMrNATION IN LAWS

The and the Legal S~'Stems of Sri Lanka

An outline of the history of the different systems of Law in force in Sri Lanka and the relations between them. The general influence of on Western European legal systems. including the Netherlands. The sources of the Roman-Dutch Law and their relative value. The introduction of the Roman Dutch Law into Sri Lanka and its applicability at the present day. The sources and the applicability of the English Law. the . the Thesal"alamai. the· Muslim Law. the Buddhist Law and the . The chief with special reference to Sri Lanka: custom. and judicial decision (including the doctrine of binding ). The literature of the Law. with special reference to the law reports of Sri Lanka. Great Britain. South Africa. India Australia and the U.S.A . The historical development of the judicial systems of Sri Lanka (including the judicial Committee of the Privy Council). The organisation and the jurisdiction of the different courts. and the more important statutory . including Indus­ triar Courts and Labour Tribunals. The legal profession. Recoinmended readillg T. NADARAlA. The Legal System of Ceylon in its Historical Setting. L. J. M. COORAY. An Introduction to the Legal System of Ceylon.

Further reading or reference

R. W. LEE. An Introduction to Roman - Dutch Law (General IntroQuction) ; H. R. HAHLO l\.NDE. KAHN. The South African Legal System and its Background (Chapters 10. 15-17); C. G. WEERAMA"'"TRY. The Law of (Vol. 1 Chapter 2); K. BALAS!NGHAM. The Laws of Ceylon (Vol. 1); H. W. TAMBIAH. Principles of Ceylon Law (parts 1-4). Sinhala Laws and Customs. The Laws and Customs of the Tamils of Ceylon. and The Laws and Customs of the Tamils of laffna; -314-

Annex III, page 2

,A. A. A." F':iZEE. Ott!!::!!! of sl1oiJa.71medan lAw tlntroduction a.nd Chanter 1" . . " H. M. Z. FAROUQUE. "Muslim Law in Ceylon - a Historical Outline" in the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Law Reports VoL 4; 1. D. M. DERREIT.Imroduction to Modern Hindu La",. (Chapter I); SIR W. IVOR JENNINGS ANDH. W. TAMBIAH. The Dominion o/Cerio" - The Development of its Laws and Canstirution.

Coastitutionai Law

(n) Definition of . The nature and classification of ; the separation of powers the ruie of Law; the principle of .; constitu· tionalism; constitutional conventions.

(b) The Constitutional since 1796. especially after 1946. The of the Democ· ratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.

(c) The franchise. The referendum. Proportional repre­ sentation. The role of party under the Constitution and .

(d) Parliament: its sovereignty. composition. organisation. functions. powers. privileges and immunities; the legis­ lative process : presumption of legislative inten:.

(e) The : the President. his election. tenure. functions. powers and immunities; the cabinet; the public service.; Ministries. and Department; public cor­ porations; Development Councils. (f) The Judicature: its' organisation. functions and power; integrity; impartiality and independence of the judi­ ciary; judicjal immunities; fair ; language of the courts; the Law officers of the state; Pardons and reprieves.

(g) Civil rights; Citizenship. Aliens. Duties of the citizens. Deprivation of Civic rights.

(h) The OffiCial Language; the national languages.

(i) Emergency powers of the Executive; Martial Law. -315-

Annex III ,page 3

SCHEDULE

1. T'lle subjects for the First Examination in Laws shall be as follows: The Legal History-and the Legal System of Sri Lanka Constitutional Law Roman . Law' .. " English. - .

2. There shall be two papers in English and one paper in each of the other subjects for the First Examination in Laws.

3. A candidate fordhe First Examination in Laws shall take the two papers in English 'and the papers . in the other subjects ..

4. The subjects tor the Final Examination in Laws Part I shall be : Law of Persons and Property I. II. m Criminal Law. I English. j. -T'n,ere shall be three papers in Persons and Property and one pa?er in each of the other subjects for the Final Examination in Laws Part I.

6•. -A candidate for the 1'lOal Examination 10 LaWS f'art 1 shall take . the three papers in Persons and Property and the papers in the other subjects.

7. -. The subjects for the FinalExamination in Laws Part II shall be: Administrative Law and Loc:!! Government Law Law of Obligations II Law of , .and Trttsts English. ...

8. There shall be two papers in Administrative Law and Local Government Law and one paper in each of the other subjects for the Final Examination in Laws Part II. -316-

Annex III, page 4

9. A candidate for the Final E:'tamination in Laws Part II shall take the two papers in Administrative Law and Local Govern­ ment Law and the papers in the other subjects. 10. The subjects for the Final Examination in Laws Pan m shall be: Interpretation of and Documents Law of Evidence" Commercial, Law I. II Public'International I:.3.w Criminal Procedure' Civil Procedme ' Industrial L3.w English, 11. There shallbe two papers In and one paper in ~ach of the'other subjects for me Final Examination in Laws Part m. ,." '" " ' ,

12.' A candidate for the Final Examination in Laws Part ill shall take the papers' in' English;' Jurisprudence, Interpretation of Statutes and' Documents, and' Evidence and' any four of the papers in the other subjects. ~-317-

Annex III, page 5

U) Commissions of inquiry. The Parli:1!llent:l!'y Commis- sioner for Administration. .

(k) External affairs; Acts of State; State immunity; treaties; declarations by the Executive relating to loreign affairs.

(I) the Commonwealth; its rules of membership; co­ operation and consultation.

Recommended reading

J. A.. L. COOitAY. The Constitutional and Administrative ; SIR rVOR JENNINGS AND H. W. TAMBIAH. The ])ominion of Ceylon- The Development of its Laws and Constitution (Pari k): S. A. DE SMITI! •. Constitutional .and Administrative Law or E; C. S. WADE. AND G. PHILLPS.Constitutionai Law or HOOD PHIWPS. Constitutional and Administrative Law.

Further reading or reference

SIR KENNETH WHEARE. klodem Constitutiolls. The Constitutional Structure of the Commo1lwealth.~ S. NAMASIVAYAM. The of Ceyl01l; SIR KENNETH WHEARE. Legislatures; A. J. WILSON. The Gaullist System in Asia - The Constitutioll oj Sri Lanka; N. M. PERERA. Critical Analysis of the New Constitutioll of the Sri Lanka Govemment promulgated on 31.8.78; GEOFFREY MARSHALL. COllstitutiollal Tlreory; HARRY STR~""T. Freedom. the Indil·idual and the Law; H. M. SEER VAl. Constitutional ; DOROTdY PICKLES. The Fifth French Repllblic; BERNARD SCHWARTS. American Constitutional Law.

Roman Law An outline oi the history of Roman legislative and judiciai processes and of tnC sources of Roman Law. The Law of Person Property. SucceSSion, Obligation and Actions. -318-

Annex J:II ,page 6

Recommended reading KW. lEE. A Historical Conspectus of ROlllcm Law; B. NICHOLAS. Introduction to Roman Law; R. W. LEE. Elements of Roman Law or R. W. WGE. Roman Pril'ate Law.

Further reading or reference

H. F. JOLOWICZ. Historica! lmroducticn to the Study of Romall Law: W. W. BUCKLAND. A Manua! of Roman Pril'ate LaIV. A Textbook 0/ Roman Law; J. A. C. THOMAS. A Textbook of RomOJI Law.

English

A mastery of English sentence structure. a reasonably wide vocabulary and an ability to comprehend modem English prose will be expected of candidates taking this paper. Paper I

Grammar and Vocabulary - l. hour. 15 mias. Candidates will be expected to be familiar with

(a) basic morphological and syntactic structure of English; (b) words in common use as well as those which occur frequently in legal texts.

Paper IL Reading Comprehension - 2 hours. 15 mias.

SYLI.ABUSES FOR THE FINAL HAJ.vIINATION IN LAWS P_<\RT I Law of Persons and Property I Law of parent and child including acqUIsition and loss of parental power; legitimacy; iIlegicimacy; parental obligation; judicial interference with parental power. Legal capacity of minor. including capacity to ; Capacity·tO perform other juristic acts; capacity to be held accoun­ table for wrong doings; Capacity to litigate. Gw:rdianship and -319-

Annex III, page 7

curatOrship. Law of husband and wife including. COntrllcts t

Further reading

K. BALASINGHAM, The Laws of Ceylon, (Vo!. II) , Law of Persons; H. W. TAMBlAH, Principles of Ceylon Law; R. W. LEE· AND· A .. M. HONORE" The. SOllth African Law of Propert)'; Family Relations and Succession; G. WILLE, Principles of South Africall'Law; H. R. HAHLO AND E. KAHN, The Ullionof South Africa the Del'elopment of ils Laws and Constflution; H. R. HAHLO, The South African Law of Husband and 'Vife; E. SPIRO, The Law of Parellt and Child; P. ARUNACHALAM, A Digest of the Ci,.il Law of Ceylon (Vol. I): J. C. WALTER PERERA, The Laws of Ceylon; C. E. JAYAWARDENE, The Roman-Dutch Law of Divorce; P. N. BROMLEY, .

Law of Persons :md Propeny n The classification of things. Ownership and the modes of acquiring and. losing it (including occupation, accession, including the law relating to the compensation for improvements); tradition (including sale and donation); registration of documents; transfer by debtOrs and insolvents; prescription; compulsory acqUisition under statutes. The incidents of ownership (including the ius I'illdicalldi) Statutory regule-tion of land utilisation.. Joint owner­ ship including partition. Possession and possessory remedies. Limited interests in property; lease, landlord and tenant, including statutory tenancies, and compensation for improvements by the lessee; emphyteusis; superficies; the planter'S rights; mortgage (including the procedure in mortgage action); servitudes, personal and real. Recommended reading R. W. LEE, All Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law (Book II); G. L. PEllUS, The Law of Property in Sri Lanka (3 Volumes). -320-

AnnexUI, page 8

Fun/leT reaa7ng

K. BALASINGHAM. The Laws of Ceylon (Volumes III and IV); H. W. TA.\IBIAH Principles of Ceylon Law; H. R. HAHLO AND E. KAIDI. The Union of South Africa - The Del'elopmenl of its Laws (2nd Constitution; G. \VILLE. Principles of South African Law; R. V.'. LEE AND A. lvL HONORE. The South African Law of Property. Family Relations and Succession; T. \Y. PRICE. Possessory Remedies in Roman-Durch Lall'; I. C. WALTER PEREIRA. The Laws of Ceylon; E. R. S. R. COOMARASWAMY. The Conveyancer and Property .

Law of Persons and Property ill The personal laws studied in relation to topics in the law of persons. the Law of Property and the Law of Succession. Testi­ menta~' and intestate succession under the general law. Fidei commissa.

(a) ICandyan Law Recommended reading

H. W. TAMBIAH. Sillizaia Laws and Customs; F. A. HAYLEY. A Treatise on the Laws and ClIstoms of the Sinhalese; T. B. DISSANAYAKE AND A. B. COLIN DE SOYSA. Kandyan Law and Buddhist Ecclesiasrical Law.

Further reading

SIMON SAWERS. Digest of tlze Kandyall Law; Jow.; ARMOUR, A Grammar of the KaJ.dyan La,,'; F. MOODER. Kalldyan Law; SIR JOHN D·OYLY. A Sketch of the Constitution of the Kandyan Kingdom.

(b) Tnesavalamai Recommended reading

T. SRI RAMA!-IATHAN. Tltesa,·alamai. -321-

Annex III, page 9

Further rea::.:;;;

H. W. TAMBIAH. The Laws and Customs of the Tamils ofJajjna; H. W. TAMBIAH. The Laws and Customs oj the Tamils of Ceylon.

(el Muslim Law

Reference

A. A. A. FYZEE. Olltline of Muhammadan Law; F. B. TYABII. Principles of lvluhammadan Law; D. R. MULI.A. Principles of Muhammadall Law.

(d) Law,,: C;uccession

Recomm ended reading

R. W. LEE. All Introduction ,. "ryman-DIIIch Law (Book IV); T. NADAP.AJA. The Roman-DutCl! .-.,., of Fideicommissa as applied ill Ceylon and South Africa.

Criminal Law

The general principles of the ctiminallaw :lS contained in th. Penal Code and other Ordinances creating offences and in the relevant . The general nature of a crime. The general principies of responsibiiity and exemption from responsibility (with particular reference to Chapter IV of the Penal Code). Vicarious liability. The prinCiples of jOint liability for crime with particular reference to sections 32-36 and Chapter V of the Penal Code). Attempts. The Law relating to specific crimes against the person. against property. ag~.inst the state. etc.

Recommended rcading

G. L. PElf-IS. General Principles of Criminal Liability in Ceylon. ojJences )Inder the Penal Code of Ceylon.

Further reading or reference

R. CROSS AND P. A. Jones. Introduction to Criminal Law; J. C. SMITH AND B. HCGAN. Criminal Law; C. S. KENNY. Outlines of Criminal Law (edited By J. W. C. Turner); -322-

Annex III, page 10

'C'ti I'" ~'. ~~ ...... ~ ·:?r~'·_".e·'-, . C' . /1_ . J • '" ...... A. 1,;7...'l:.tI. .. ~.,D .'"1.. _. At~.'lr ~ ."'I:::,~,-". '_ •. ..sa 111 Tlnuna.. ~l\ " R. C!1.0SS AND P. A. JONES. Cases on Crimillal Law; . D. W. ELLlOIT AND J. C. WOOD, Casebook on Criminal Law: G. L. WILLIAMS. Crimina! 1.:1\1' - Genera! Part; R. C. NIGAM, The Law of Crimes ill India: SIR H. S. GOUR, Penal Law of India; R. RATANL~L AND D. THAKORE. falV of Crimes.

Law of Obligation I

The namfe of a contract. The formation of contract (including realit~ ~f consent, ca]lacity of parties, formalities, causa and consideration, ;egality of object). The operation of contract including the persons olfected bv a contract. The content of the contract and the duty of p~,f~rmance. The determination of contract. Remedies for breach at ~~T\!ract. Plurality of parties. Elements of the law relating to certain s"o~ial contracts (sale, hire. donation. loan. suretyship and carriage).

Recommended reading

R. W. LEE. An Introduction to Roman· Dutch Law (Bo~k III Part I);. R. W. LEE AND A. M. HONORE, The South African Law of Obligation; G. C. CHESHIRE. AND C. H. S. FIFOOT. Law of Contract or G. H. TREITEL. The Law of Colltract or SIR W. R. ANSON. Law of Contract.

Further readillg

C. G. WEERAMANTRY. The Law of Contracts: J. W. WESSELS. Law of Contract in South Africa; K. BALASINGHA~i. The Law of Ceylon; G. WILLE. Principles of South African Law.

English Reading. Comprehension. -323-

Annex II I, page 11

SYLLABUSES FOR THE FINAL EXAMINATION L'i LAWS PARTn

Administratil'e Law and Local Goyernment La.".

Definition of Administrative Law. Administrative authorities. Judicial control of administrative action. The doctrine of ultra vires. Error on the face of the record. Natural Jus,ice. The ordinary remedies and remedies of public iaw. Liability of public authorities. Proceedings involving the State. Public Corporations. Subordinate legislation. Statutory tribunals and inqudes. Tnc parliamentary Commissioner for Administration. The History of Local Government in Sri Lanka in modern times. Local authorities and Development Councils. their role. organisation. composition. functions. powers and duties. Legal liability of local authorities and Development Councils. By-Laws of local authorities. Elections to local authorities and Development Councils: the writ of quo warranto. The Central Government's relationship with local authorities and Development Councils. Judicial control of local authorities and Development Councils.

The Local Government Service and Development Councils Service. Finance of local authorities and Development Councils.

Recommended reading

I. A. L. COORAY. The Constitutional and Administrative Law of Sri Lanka; H. W. R. WADE. Administratil'e Law; S. A. DE SMITH. Constillltional and Administrative Law; V. KANESALINGAM. A Hundred Years of Local GO"ernment in Ceylvn 1865-1965; EDGAR FERNANDO. Local GO"ernment Elections in Ceylon; Report of the Commission on Local Government. Sessional Paper XXXIII of 1972; -324-

Annex II I, page 12

lJ. 1\.. HIC~:S. Local Gal'C'i1lm:"!1! aila Fina1!c~ in CcyiDn (pp. IOi - 113 of J. R. Hicks and others, Paner bv Vi5itin[! Economists; Planning Secr~:ariat. Colombo' 1959); - G. L. PEIRIS. Essays on Admin.istrative Lan' in Sri Lanka.

Further reading

I. A. G GRIFFITH AND H. STREET. Principles of Administrative lAw; S. A.DE S~!lTII. of Administratil'e Action; E. C. S. WADE AND G. PHILLIPS. Constitutional lAw; I. F. GARNER. Admillistrative lAw; BERNARD SCHWARTZ AND H. W. R. WADE, Legal Control of . GOJ'emment' . J. A. G. GRI~iTH ANDH. STREET. A Case BooK. of Adminis· rrarire Law; D. C. M. YARDLEY, A Source Book of English Administrative Law; A. R. B. A~iERASINGHE. Public Corporations in Ceylon; 1. ZA~!lR, The Declaratory Judgement; W. G. FRIED~lANN. Law in a Challging Society; W. A. ROBSO:-;, Nationalised Illdustry and Public Ownership; H. STREET, in the Welfare State; A. T. MARKOSE, Judicial Control of Admillistrative Actioll in India; A. FAZAL. Judicial Control of Administrative Action in India and Pakisu:lI. SIR W. IVOR JENNINGS. Principles of Local GOl'emment lAw; SIR WILLIAM O. HART AND J. F. GARNER. Introduction to the lAw of Local Govefllmelll alld Administratio/!; U. K. HICKS. Development from Below (Chapters 5 and 10). Law of Obligations n The nature of delict. The requirements of liability in the Aquilian action and the actio injuriarum. Strict Liability. The panies who may sue or be sued. Vicarious liability Remedies. (including remoteness of damage). General defences. Survival of actions. SpeCified wrongs. Wrongs against the person (including the causing of death). Wrongs against chnstity and the marriage relationship. Wrongs against prop.rty. Liability for breach of statutory duty. Interference with contractual and business relations. Abuse of legal procedure. Liability for -325-

Annex III ,page 13

defamatory and for non-defamatory stat~ment. Liability for animals. Quasi delict. Obligations quasi ex contraCfl< negotiorum gestio. enrichment without cause.

Recommended reading

R. W. LEE. An Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law (Book III Pans II and III); R. G. MCKERRON, The Law oj Delict ill South AJrica; E. B. WIKRAMANAYAKE, The Law oj Delict ill Ceylon.

Furrher reading

R. W. LEE AND A. M. HONORE, The South AJrican Law oj Obligations ; G. WILLE, Principles oj South AJrican Law; H. R. HAHLO AND E. KAHN, The Union oj South AJrica- The Del'elapment oj its Laws,-and Constitution; D. M. WALKER, 17,e Law oj Delict in Scotland; SIR P. H. WINFIELD, A Textbook oJ the Law oJ or SIR J. W. SALMOND, The Law oj or H. STREET, The Law oJ Tort; A. R. B. AMERESINGHE, DeJamatian ill the Law oj South AJrica and Ceylon; C. F. AMERESINGHE, DeJamatiall and other Aspects of tlze Actio In;uriarum in Roman-Dutch Law in Ceylon and South AJrica; C. F. AMERESINGHE, Aspects oj the Actio Injuriarom Roman­ Dutch Law; A. R. B. A~ERESINGHE, Adultery as an Injuria in South AJrican and Ceylon Law. A. R. B. A~ERESINGHE, Actiolls for Malicious Abuse oj Judicia Proceedings in tfte Law oj Soutlt AJrica and Ceylall; G. L. PEIRIS, Some Aspects oj the Law oj Ulljust Enrichment in South' AJrica and Ceylon; B. H. ALUVIHARE, All Intr6ductian to the Law oj Delict.

Law of Equity and Trusts

The general nature of equitable principles and remedies. TJle principles of the Law of Trust as contained in the Trusts Ordinance and the relevant case Law. -326-

Annex III, page 14

Recommended reading

L. J. M. COORAY. The Reception in Ceylon of the English Tn/St.

Further reading

P. H. PrrrIT. Equity and the Law of Trusts; G. W. KEETON. Law of Trusts; D. B. PARKER AND R. R. MELLOWS. The Modern Law afTrusts; H. G. HANBURY. Modern Equity; E. H. T. SNELL. Principles of Equity; J. A. NATIIAN AND O. R. MARSHALL. A Casebook on Trusts; J. A. NATIIAN. Equity through the Cases andJudicia/ Exposition.

English

Reading. Comprehension. -327-'

Annex I II, page 15

SYLLABUSES FOR THE FINAL EXAi\1INATION IN LAWS

PARTm

Jurisprudence

Scope and methods of jurisprudence. Theories as to the nature and function of law. The sources of law. Analysis of the main concepts used in law, including right (in its various senses,) duty, personality, property, posseSSion and obligations. Civil and criminal liability (including theories of punishment). Classi­ fication of law.

Recommended reading

R. W. M. DIAS. Jurisprudence; D. LLOYD. Introduction to Jurisprudence; SIR J. W. SALMOND. Jurisprudence.

Further reading or reference

G. W. PATON. A Textbook of Jurisprudence; D. LLOYD. The Idea of Law; C. K. ALLEN. Law ill the Making; W. G. FRIEDMANN, Legal Theory; W. G. FRIEDMANN. La ..... in a Changing Society; H. L. A. HART. The Concept of Law.

Interpretation of Statutes and Documents

General principles of construction. Admissibility of extrinsic evidence. Particular rules of construction. Implied terms. Inter­ pretation of statutes including interpretation of retrospective legislation.

Recommended reading

S. NAMASIVAYAM. The Drafting of Legislation; SIR CHARLES E. ODGERS. The Construction of and Statutes . R. BURROWS. I1!terpretation of Documents. -32.8:-

Annex III. page 16

Further rccc}ng Oi :-eferencc

P. E. MAXWEl.L. The Imerpretarion of Statutes; W. D. CRAIES. Law; R. F. NORTON. Deeds; SIR ARTIlUR U~DERHILL AND J. A. STRAHAN. Imerpreration of Wills and Selliemems.

Law of Eyidence The general principles of the Law of Evidence as contained in the Evidence Ordinance and the relevant case law to!!ether with as much of the English Law of Evidence as is applicable in Sri Lanka

Recommended reading

G. L. PEIRIS. Law of Evidence; E. R. S. R. COmIARASWAMY. A Textbook of the Law of Evidence in Ceylon; G. D. NOKES. An llllroduction to E)'idence.

Further reading or r~rerence

SIR J. FIRZJAMES STEPHENS. A Digest of the Law of Evidence; R. CROSS. E)'idence; WILLS, The Principles of Circumstantial Evidence; M. MONIR. Principles and Digest, of the Law of E)'idence; S. L. PHiPSON. Manual of the Law of Evidence.

Commercial Law I

Sale of Goods: The law relating to sale of goods under the Sale of Goods Ordinance.

Agency: Nature and creation of the relationship of principal and agent. The scope of the agent's authority. The r.elations between principal and third parties. Rights and duties of principal and agent inter se. Termination of agency.

Partnership: Nature and formation of partnership. Relations of partners and persons dealing with them. Relations of partners imer se. Dissolution of partnership and its consequences. -329-

Annex III ,page 17

'commertlal Law n

Company Law,' The Law relating to Companies.

Negotiable Instruments,' Nature of negotiability. Special rules relatin!1: to bills of exchanl!e. cheques and promissory note,. -

Recommended reading T. M. STEVENS. Mercantile Law; .. J. CHARLESWORTH. M ercmztile Law; R. LOWE. Comll.ercial Law; SIR ARTHUR UNDERHILL. Principles of tile Law of Partnership.' SIR M. D. CHALMERS. Sale of Goods; B. JOCOBS. Law of Bills of Exchange. Cheques. Promissory Notes mId Negotiable 1I,smllnents generally; L. C. B. GOWER. The PrinciDles of Modern COlnDam' La\\'; Payne's Carriage of Goods by S;a. . .

Further reading or reference

W. BOWSTEAD,' Agenc)'; SIR F. POLLOCK. Law of Partllership; N. LI:-

Recommended readillg

J. L. BRIERLY. 11,e Law of Nations; G. STARKE. An Introduction to International Law; H. W. BRIGGS. The Law' of Nations; -330-

Annex III, page 18

Opcn:"::ims Inrcrnationai Law. Edited hy He:-scj, L:i.uterpu...;:::: IAK BROWNLIE. Principles of Public llliernationa! Law; E. L.~uTERPACHT. Internationa! Law (Collected papers of Hersch Lauterpacht).

Conflict of Laws

The nature of Conflict of Laws. Fundamental conceptions. Classification. Renvoi. Domicile. Public policy. The rules relating to the jurisdiction of the courts of Sri Lanka in cases involving a foreign element. The principles relating to family law and cor­ porations. contracts. tOrts. property (including succession) procedure. evidence.

Recoml1lended reading

R. H. GRAVESO:-:. The COl!flict of Laws; G. C. CHESHIRE. Prirate Imemational Law. Further reading or reference

A. V. DICEY. Conflict of Laws; J. BEALE. A Treatise on the Conflict of Laws; CUVE M. SClL\IlTnlOFF. A Textbook of the English Conflict of Laws; J. H. C. MORRIS. Cases on Pri"ate Intemational Law.

Criminal Procedure The procedures relating to the investigation of criminal offences. The jurisdiction of the courts in criminal matters. Trials and appeals in criminal cases. Recommended reading .

G. L. PEIRIS. Criminal Procedllre in· Sri· Lanka under the Administr{1tion of Justice Law No. 44 of 1973.

FlIrther reading R. F. Ow. Commentary on the Ceylon Criminal Procedure Code; J. F. ARCHBOLD. Pleading E"idence and Practice in Criminal Cases; -331-

Annex III, page 19

R. R. Cs.ossrrr::; THAMBI.';'H, A. NOle all the Ce ... ··lon ~a}~ of IndictmelllS and Charges.. . ·G. D. NOKES, An IlIIroduction to El"idence .. R. CRoss, En'dence; G •. L. PEIRIS, The Law of El'idence in Sri Ll1Jlka. E. R. S. R. COOMAJ.tASWAMY, A Te.'Ctbook of the Law ofEl'idence in Ceylon.

Civil Proceduro

The system of procedure in civil cases. Tlle principles of pleadings. Recommended reading

E. B. WIKRAMANAYAKE, Cil'il Procedure in Ceylon; ·K. D. P. WICKREMASINGHE. Chi! Procedure ill Ceylon; W. G •. ODGERS. Pleadings OJld Practice; D. H. PARRY. Law of Succession; DUDLEY GUNAWARDENE, Court Procedure and Practice in Testamentary 1ctions~ InduStrial Law Master and servant; trade unions. collective bargaining. trade disputes. industrial conciliation and arbitration. worker participation. Recommended reading

W. P. N. DE SILVA, Industrial Law and Relations in Ceylon; S. R. DE SILVA, The Legal FrOJnell'ork of Industrial Relations in Ceylon; W. E. M. ABEYSEKEltA, Industrial Law and , (Volumes 1 and 2); V. T. THAMOTHERAM, The Law Relating to Workmen's Compensation; C. NAVARATNARAJAH, Trade Unions and the Law. Further reading or reference W. E. M. AllEYSEKERA. Industrial Law aJUi Adjudication (Vols. 3 and 4); G. H. L. FRIDMAN. The Modern Law of Employment; KAHN - FREUND, Labour and tlze Law; -332-

Annex III, page 20

N', A. CITRISE. Trad~ U"ian Lall'; J. MUNKMAN. Employers Liability at Common La,,'; C. N. SCOBLE. Law l'f Master and Serrant in SOlltlz Africa; REISE!'.'FELD AND MAXWELL. Modem Social Legislatio,,; W. M. COOPER. AND L C. WOOD. Outlines of Industrial Law; MALHOTRA. Tlze Law of Industrial Disputes.

Tax Law Reference

SIMON'S. Income Tax - Editor in Chief. The Right Honourable VISCOUNT SIMON. Reports of Ceylon Tax Cases (Volumes I-III); S. SABAPATIPIUAI. Digest of Ceylon Tax Cases; S. BALARATNAM. Income Tax. Wealtlz Tax' and Gifts Tax in Sri Lanka; HANNAN AND FRANSWORTH. Principles of Income Tax; BARRY PINSON. Revenue Law; Reports of U.K. Tax Cases. Vois. I - 49.

[Annex IV follows] -333-

ANNEX IV

SCHEDULE 1. - SCOPE OF SUBJECTS FOR EXAMINATIONS AND BOOKS ,RECOMMENDED Students are requested to use only the latest .editions of' the books listed below. The books indicate the general scope of the subjects,'concerned. but questions will not be confined to these books. ' Candidates are expected to be familiar with the relevaht statute law ,and the, case .law of Sri Lanka. Preliminary Readin[!. Glanville L: Williams - Loarningthe Law (Stevens, London), B, Metzger; -, A Student'S Researcb Guide, to the Laws o[Ceylon (CeYlon Law College,-Colombo). . . . - ROMAN LAW. The history' and the sources 'of Roman Law The Law of Persons, Property.- Succession". Obligations "and', 'Actions., Recommended R,ading.: R.' W;'Lee - An Historical Conspectus of..Roman :Law (Sweet & Maxwell: London).:~B:. Nicholas - An Introduction"to Roman Law (Clarendon.Press,.Oxford) or R w.. Lee - Elements of Roman Law (Sweet.& Maxwell. 'London) 'Or R., W. 'Longe -Roman, , (Macmillan,London)

Furrher Reading or Referen,ce. H. P. Jolowicz and B. Nicholas­ Historical Introduction to the Study of. Roman Law (Cambridge University Press). W. W. Buckland - A. Manual of Roman Private Law (Cambridge;University' Press) Vol •.W. Buckland­ A Textbook .of Roman Law from Augustus to' Justinian CCam­ bridj!;e', University Press).,

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW'

: What a constitution 15 ; the classification of constitutions; the separation of powers; the ; constitutional conventions. The constitutional history' of Sri Lanka since J 79fi, with special emphasis on the period after 1931.' The present constitution of, Sri, Lanka. The franchise. Election. to the National Slate Assembly. Civil rights and freedoms; the cilzenship laws; personal . freedom; freedom of, -expression; freedom of assembly and association.

'Emergency powers of the, Executive., The Commonwealth; the acquisition of and incidents of Commonwealth membership; rules of the Commonwealth association today; co-operation and consultation among members. Recommended Reading: A. J. Wilson - An introduction to Civics and Gnvernment (Tutorial Publishers, Colombo.) J, A. L. -334-

Annex IV, page 2

Ccoray - The (.onst!tl.:.!t~ru:.l 4UEl AciminLSlrabvt· Law of Sri L~::ka (Hac~a Pl.i.blish::r.s~ COiomb,)}. ¥.to.. Iver- Jcn.::i!!gs and H. \\.'. Tamoiah - The Dominion of Cey ion - the Develaproom Qf. its .Laws and Constitution (Stevens, London) ... Part 1. S. A. De Smith- Constitutional and Administrative Law (Penguin Books, Harmolldswarth} . Furiher Reading or Refer/!llce; O. Hood Phillips-Constitutional and Administrative Law (Sweet & Maxwell, London) E. C. S. Wade and G. Phillips-Constitutional Law (Longmans. London) Sir Kenne>h Wheare-Modern COBstitutions (Oxford University Press). S. Namasivayam - The Legislatures. of Ceylon. 1928- 1948 (Faber and Faber. London). S. Namasivayam~Parlia­ mentary Government in Ceylon· 1948-58 (K. V. G. de Silva Colombo.) A. 1. Wilson-Politics in Sri Lanka 1947-1973 Macmillan. London). 1.. A. L. Cooray-Constitutional Govern­ ment and , in a Developing Society (Colombo . Apothecaries, Colombo) L. J. M. Cooray Rdi

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW The nature of Administrative Law. its definition and scope Iudicial control of administrative powers. Iudicial review of administrative action ; remedies, including mandates in the nature of writs of mandamus. quo warranto, certiorari and· phohibition. Natural justice_ Administrative justice. Statutory tribunals and inquiries. Legal proceedings involving the State and other public authorities. Actions by aild against State officers. Public Cor­ porations. Delegated legislation.

Recommended Reading. 1. A. L. Cooray - The ConstItutional and Administrative Law of Sri Lanka (Hansa Publishers. Colombo) H. W. R. Wade-Administrative Law (Clarendon Press, Ox[urd). S. A. De Smith:..c..Constitutional and Administrative Law (Penguin Books, Harmondsworth.) Funher Reading or Reference. J. A. G. Griffith and H. Street­ PrinCiples of Administrative Law (Pitman. London). S. A. De Smith-Judicial Review of Administrative Action (Stevens. London). E. C. S. Wade and G. Phillips- Constitutional Law (Logman.. London). J. F. Garner - Administrative Law (Butterworth London,. Bcr;;;:rd Schwartz and H. W. R Wace -L':gcJ control of Govenmem (Clarendon Press Oxford). -335-

Annex IV, page 3

. J. A. G. Grifiitu ~nd H. Street-A case !look of Ac.iministrotive Law (Pitman. London). D. C. M. Yardley _ A Source' Book "f . Fnglish Admlnistrdtive Law (Bunerw;'rth, London) A. R. B Amera.tngne_ l':Jblic Corporations in Ceylon (Lake House [nv.eMments; Colombo). L Zlmlr - The Declaratory IStevens, London). W. G. Friedmann~ Law in a' Changing Society ,Stevens, London). W. A. Robson-Nationalised Industry ,md Public Ownership (Allen md Unvin, London) H. Street' --JustJc:c in the Welfare State (Stevens, London). A. ·T. Markose -JudIcial Control of Administrative Action 'inlndia (Madras Law :tournai Office, Madr",). A. Fazai-ludicial Control of Administrative Action in India and Pakistan (Clarendon Press. Oxford).

LOCAL GOVERNMENT LAW.

The. hlstor~ or local goyeroment in Sri Lanka in modern times. Lecal Authorities and thei, organization.. Election to, 'Iocal' au· thorities. The Composition. functions. powers. duties and le~al liability of local authorities. The functions and duties of People's Committees. The Central Government and local authorities. including central' control. Local government fin:lIlce. Judicial conlrol. The Local Government Service.

R~crm!mended Readinf(. V. Kanesalin'!:lm-A. Hunured Years. of Local G<>vernment in Ceylon 1865-1965 (Modern Plastic Works, Col<>mbo) Edgar Fernando-Local Government Elec­ lions in Ceylon (Salhkornle Multi-Purpo~es Co.operatlve Sccieties Union Ltd) Report of tile Commission of Local Go\'ornment. Ses~ional I"~per XXXUI of 1955 (Government Press, C"lombo). l{epon of the Committee of Inquiry on Local Government 50S. sional Paper VII of 1972

Further Readinlf or R.-rfrenc~.' Dr. W. Ivor Jennings-Principles of Local Government Law (.University (If London Press). Sir William' 0 Hart-tncroduction to the Law of Local Government and Administration (Butterworth. Londonl. 'U K. Hicks­ Development from Below (Clarendon Press, Oxford) Chapters 5 ~l1d 10.

LEGAL HISTORY AND LEGAL SYSTEM OF SRI LANKA An outline of the history of the different sY5tems of law in force in Sri Lanka and the relations between them. The sources. the int,,,dUlion. the deveiopment and the extent of the appl!cability L,f the Rom:1n-'DulCil Law. the English Law, the Kanayan l.:1w; the Thesav:1b",ai. the mus!il1l Law. the Buddhist Law. the Hindu L;,w and 1 r.e \'iukkuvar L~w. The chief SOUTces of law witli -~'~-=~:~~i :-e!'e:-<:'~::~ ~."':' ~~~ l.3.r:~,:-a : ct:~t('\!,,!,!. !e2;ciation :l!!r!. ;uriiC::!,!i -336-

Annex IV, page 4

:';'.,:.'::;:.t(·n ,.inciurii.o& t.h:.:: \.i0c:.:j.J.:! of Siurf dcd.;isj. Th~ ii;.e:j::~rt of· Ihc law~ with special relere~ct to the law reports ot-bfl-6an;~n.. Great Britain, Soutb A frica. India, Australia. Canada and the U. S. A. The historical development of the judicial system oj Sri Lanka. The organisation and .the jurisdiction of the different . courts and the more important administrative tribunals (including the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the Court of Appeal, Industrial Courts, Labour Tribunals. Quazi Courts, and COUrtS Martial) and of Conciliation Boards. The legal profes.ion.

Recommend,dReading. T. Nadarajah - The Legal· System of Ceylon in its Historical Setting (E. J. Bnll.Leidenl. L J. M. Cooray - An Introduction to the Legal System of Ceylon (Lake House Investments, Colombo).

Further Reading(Jr Rejuence. R. W.· Lee ~ An Introduction to Roman-Dutch Law (Clarendon Press, Oxford) General latro­ duction. H. R. Hablo and E. Kahn - The South African Legal System and its Background (Stevens Lonaon) Chapters 10. 15-17. H. W_ Tambiah-Principles of Ceylon Law (H. W. Cave. Colombo) Parts I to 4. C.' G. Weeramantry - The Law of Contracts !We:nllnantry. Colombo) Vol I Chapter 2. K. Balasingham­ Tbe Laws of Ceylon (Sweet and Maxwell. London. and. H. W Cave, Colombo) VoL I. . H. W. Tambiah-Sinhala Laws and Customs (Lake House Investments. Colombo). F A Hayley­ A Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Sinhalese (H. W Cave. Colombo). F. Modder - The Principles of Kandyan Law Sto­ vens. London). H. W. Tambiah - The Laws and Customs of the Tamils of Ceylon (Tamil Cultural Society of Ceylon, Colombo). H W. Tambiab - The Laws and Customs of the Tamils of Jaffna (Times of Ceylon. COlombo). T B. Dissanayake and A. B Colin de Soysa - Kandyan Law and Buddhist Ecclesiastical Law (Dharmasamaya Press. Colombo) A. A. A. Fyzee-Outlines of Muhammadan Law, (Oxford University Press) Introduction and Clllipter 1. J. D M Derret-Introduction to Modern Hindu Law (Oxford University Pre,,) Chapter I. R. David and . .L E' C. Brierly - Major Legal Systems in the World Today (Stevens, London).

CRIMIN.'>"L LAW

Tht: general Principles of the- Criminal Law. as containeti in the Penal Code aDd (·ther enactments creating offences and in the relevant ca

Annex IV, page 5

Jce.·ommend"d Reading. G. L. Peiris - General Princi!)!es of . Criminal Liability in Ceylon (Lak: House Investments, Coiombo). G. L. Pdris - Offences under tbe ronal Code of Ceylon (Lake House Investments, C()lombo).

Fu/·t!/lzrReading ·or Reference. R. Cross and P. A. Jones - An Introduction to Criminal Law (Butterworth, London). J. C. Smith and B. Hogan - Criminal Law (Butterworth, London). C. S. Kenny - Outlines of Criminal Law (Cambrid!!e University Press). Ratanlal Ranchhoddas and D. K. Thakore - The Indian P

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Tile procedures relating to tile investigation of criminal offences. The jurisdiction of the courts in criminal matters. Trials and appeals in criminal cases. The rules of evidence in so far as they have relevance to criminal law and procedure. Candidates are also expected to Ilave a knowledge of the pro· cedures that prevailed in the criminal couns immediately prior to the enactment of the Administration of lustice Law No. 44 of 1973).

Recommended Reading. G. L. peiris - Criminal Procedure in Sri Lanka under the Administration of Justice Law No. 44 of 1973 (Lake House Investments, Colombo). For Further Reading or Reference. R. F. Dias - Commentary on ·the Ceylon Criminal Pro.eduro Code (Colombo Apothecaries. Colombo). 1. F. Archbold - Pleading, Evidence and Practice in Criminal ease" (Sweet and Maxwell. London). R. R. Crossette· Thambiah - A 'lote on the Ceylon Law of Indictments and Cbarges (M. D. Gunasena, Colombo.) G. D. Nokes - An Intro· duction to Evidence (Sweet and Maxwell, London). R. Cros,­ Evidence (Butterworth; London). G. L. Peiris - The Law of Evidence in Sri Lanka (Lak~ House Investments, Colombo \. E. R. S. R. Coomaraswamy - A Textbook of the Law of Evidence in Ceylon (Coomaraswamy, Colombo).

Birth. Sex. Legitimacy (including the. rights and the lia· "oilitics of illegitb--"e. children a.nd legltimation);. P_srentage "(the -338-

Annex IV, page 6

acquiSition the-. illCid~i1h ~o.d i:hc tcr:::i!:ati..in o~ the parental .'pt)'w::r &nCl t.h:: 'rec:prc-ca: d:.!:}' of supp.::.rf;. l\im;)ri~y, M3.rriage (the cont:aCl to marry. the legal requisites and the iega: conSe­ quences uf marriage. nullity. divorce ·.and judicial.se·paralion). guardians"jp, person& of unsound mind. Juristic Persons.

Recommended Reading. R.. W. Lee - An IntNduction to Roman-Dutch Law (Clarendon I'ress. Oxford) Bock I.

Funha Reading or Reference. K. Bal:1Singham - The Laws of Ceylon: Vol. II Law of Persons (Sweet and Maxwel!. London) H. W. Tam"iah - PrinCiples of Ceylon Law (H W. Ca\'e. Colombo) R, W. Lee and A. M. Honore-The South African Law of Pro· perty. Family Relalions and Succession (Butterworth (Africa). Durban). G. Wilie - Principles of South African Law (Juta, Cape Town). H. R. Hahlo and E. Kahn - The Union of ~outh Africa - The Developme.nt of its Laws and Constitution. (Stevens. Land,," and Juta~ Cape ToWn). H. R Hahlo "- The South African Law of Husband and Wife (Juta. Cape Town) E. Spiro - Th. Law of Parent and Child (Jura. Cape Town). p, Aruna­ chalam - A Digest of the of Ceylon (Stevens and Haynes, London). Volume I. J C. Walter PereIra - The Laws of Cevlon (Government Printer, Colombo) C E. Jayewardene­ The Roman· Dutch Law of Divorce (Colombo Apothecaries, Colombu). P. M Bromley - Family Law (Butterworth, London)' KANDYAN LAW \·Iarriage. Legitimacy Adoptil'D. Minority Guardianship. Property. Inte.tate succession.

Recommended Reading, H. W Tambiah - Sinhab. Laws and Customs (Lab .. House Investments. Colombo). F. A. Hoaley - A Treatiso on the Laws and Customs of the Sinhaiese (H. W. Cave. Colombo). T B. Dissanayake and' A. B. Colin De Soys.­ Kandyan Law and Buddhist Ecclesiastical Law (Dharmasamaya Press, Colombo) . Further Reading or Reference. Simon Sawers - Dige,t of the Kandyan Law (Clifton, COlombo). John Armour - A Grammar of the Kandyan. Law. F. Modder - Kandyan Law (Stevens and Haynes. Londlm), Sir .John D'Oyly - Sketch of the Constitu. tion of the Kandyan Kingdom (Government Printer, Ceylon). MUSLIM LAW

Marri:1ge. Legitimacy. Minority. Guardianship. Gifts. In- testate succession. Wakfs. . ReferenCo:. A. A. A. Fyzee - Outlines of Muhammadan Law (Oxford University Press). F. B.. Tyahj, - Principles of Muh7 '­ madun Law (Butterworth. Calcutta) D. F. Mulla -p'rinc; Jes of Muhammad~n Law (TripathL Bombay). -"339-

Aririex IV, page 7

TH6AVALAMAI

Rights to propetry cfellted by marrIage. GUllrdIanship. lu- heritance. Mudus

LAW OF SUCCESSION AND TRUSTS Testamentary and intestate succession. Fideicommissa.· The general nature of eq uitablc principles and remedies. The prin­ ciples ci tbe law of ·trusts in, Sri Lanka. -340-

Annex IV, p~ge 8

l~;,,_,-'·,·:.';;l" .. :d:::d i\.~;·.:ail:g F~. \\'. Le~ -/.. c rn~i"oc-.:.;;:t!on to Ro­ Clilfi.[jUi,C!i Law (Ciarencioc ?r:s~. Oxford, Book IV T. Nada­ ra ja-The . Roman. DutCh L •. w of Fid.ic.'mmiss •. liS .z.pplied. in Ceylon and· Soutti Africa· (Voet PublisiJing House. Colombo). L J. M. Coora;- The Reception in Ceylon of the English 1rust (Lake House Printers. Colombo).

Further Readillg Qr Reference. P. H. Pettit-.,Equity and the Law of Trusts. G. W. Keeton-L.w of Trusts (Pitman. London) D. B Parker ana R. R. Mellows-The Modern Law of Trusts (Sweet and Maxwell, London). H. G Hanbury - Modern Equity (Stevens. London). E. H. T. Snell-Principles of Equity (Sweet and Maxwell, London). J. A. Nathan and O. R. Marshall-A. Casebook on Trusts. J. A. Nathan -- Equity through the cases and Judicial Exposition (Stevens, London).

LAW OF OBLIGATIONS I - (LAW OF CONTRACT) The nature of contract. The formation of contract (including reality of consent, capacity of parties. formalities, causa and consideration. legality of object). The operation of contract (including the persons affected by a contract and the duty of performance). The determina.ion of contract. Remedies for breach of contract. Plurality of parties. Elements of the law rela. ting to certain special contracts (sale, hire, donation. loan .•urety. ship and carriage). Recommended Reading. R. W: Lee-· An Introduction to Ro· mlln·Dutch Law Clarendon Press, Oxford) Book III Part 1. R. W. Lee and A. M. Honore-Tile South African Law of Obli· gations (Butterworth (Africa) Durban) G. C Cheshire and C. H. S. Fifoot-Law llf Contract (Butterworth) London), or G. H. Trietel-The Law of Contract (Stevens, London), or Sir W. R. Anson-Law of Contract (Clarendon Press, Oxford).

Further Reading or Reference. C. G. WeeramantrY--The Law of Contracts (Weeramantry, Colombo). J. W. Wessels-Law ·of' Contract in South Africa (Horlors Johnnesburg. K. Bala· singham-The Laws of Ceylon (Sweet and Maxwell, London). G WiIle--Principleli of South African Law (Juta, Cape Town). H R. Hahla and E Kahn -- The Union of South Africa-The Development of its Law and Constitution (Stevens, London and Juta, South Africa).

LAW OF OBLIGATIONS Il· (LAW OF DELICT AND QUASI CONTRA<.:T) The nature of delict. The requirements of liability in the ".quilian :lotion and the actio·iliiufiarum; Sl'rict liability. The panies who may sue or be used. Vicarious liability Remedies (inciuding remoteness of damage). General defences, SUo ,"1al -341-

Annex IV, page 9

of actions. Specific wrongs. Wrongs against the persoo (inclu. ding causinll of dcath). Wrongs against cllastity and the mar. riage relationship. Wrongs agaiust property. Liability for breach of Statutory duty. Intcrferencc with contractual and busincss relatious. Abusc of IClal procedure. liability for dc. fama~ry and for non.defamatory ~tatements. Liability for ani· mals. Obligations quasi ex contractu; negotiorum g,stio, enriChment without cause. . Recommended Reading. R. W. Lee-An Introduction to Ro· man 'Dutch Law (Clarendon Press Oxford) Book III Parts ii and iii. R G. Mckerron-The Law of Delict in South Africa (luta, Cape Town). E. B. Wiknmanayake-The Law of Delict in Ceylon (Frewin,Colombo). Further Reading or. Reference. R. W. Lee and A. M. Honore­ The South African Law of Obligations (Butterworth (Africa) Durban). G. Wille-Principles of South African Law (JUla, Cape Town). H. R. Hahlo and E. Kahn-The Union of ~outh Africa-The DC\'elopment of its Laws and Constitution (Stevens, London). D. M. Walker-The Law of Delict in Scotland (The :ScottiSh Universities Law Institute, Edinburgh).:. Sir P.H. Win.' field-A Textb.:>ok of the Law of' Tort, (Sweet and Maxwell, London), or Sir J, W. Salmond-The Law of Torts .. (Sweet and Maxwell. London); o~ H. Street-The Law of. Torts (Butterworth, London). A. R. B. Amer8l>inghe·-Defamation in the Law of South Africa and Ceylon (H. W. Cave, Colombo). C. F. Amcra­ singhe-D.efamation and othcr Aspccts of the Actio Jnjuriarum in Roman Dutch Law in Ceylon and South Africa (Lake House, Colombo). C.F. Amcrasinghe-Aspectsof the Actio Injuriarum in Roman·Dutch Law (Lake House Investments, Colombo). A. R . .. B. Amerasinghe-Adultery as an Injuria in South African and Ceylon Law (Times of Ccylon, Colombo). A. R. B. Amerasinghe -Actions for MaliCiOUS Abuse of Judicial Proceedings in the Law of South Africa and Ceylcn (Times of Ceylon, Colombo). G, L. Peiris-Some Aspects of the Law of. Unjust Enrichmcnt in South . Africa· and Ceylon (take HOlI>e Investments, .Colombo). B..' H. Aluvihare-An Introduction to the Law of Delict (Associated Newspapers of Ceylon, Colombo)• .JURISPRUDENCE The scope and tile methods of Jurisprudence. Theories as \0 the nature and the functions of law. The sources of the Law Analysis of the main concepts used in ·Law : right (in Its various senses) and duty ;. personality; propcny ; possession; obligations; civil and criminal liability (inCluding theories of punishment). The classification of law. Codification. .Recommmded Reading. R; W. M. Dias-Jurisprudence (Butter. worth. London). D. Lloyd - Introduction to Jurisprudence: .(Stevens. London) .. Sir J. W. Salmond - Jurisprudence (Sweet and Ma:,well. Lolldon). -342-

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Further Rea,,'ing or Reference G. W. Paton- A Textbook of Jurisprudence (Clarendon Press, Oxford). D, Lloyd-The Idea of Law. C. K. Allen-Law. in the Making (Clarendon Press, Oxford). 'W. Friedmann - Legal Theory (Stevens. London) W. Friedmann-Law in a ·Changing, Society (Slevens, London) fl. L. A. Hart-The Concept of Law (Clarendon Press, Oxford); CiVIL PROCEDURE, PLEADING AND THE LAw OF EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS The procedure in civil cases in the Magistrates' Courts, District Courts, .High Courts and the Supreme Court. The law of executors and Administrators. Procedure in testamentary matters. Recommended Reading. E.B.' Wikramanayake--Civil Pro-. cedure in Ceylon (FrewlD. Colombo). K. D. 1'; Wickremasinghe -Civil Pro'cedure ,in',Ceylon: W. G. Odgers-'Pleadings and Practice (Stevens. London I. D. H. Parry-Law of Succession (Sweet and Maxwell. London). Dudley Gunawardena - Court Procedure and Practice in Testamentary Actions: ' ' LAW ,OF EVIDENCE ,The general priticiples of the law of Evident;C as: contained in the Evidence Ordinance. and other' statutes. together with so, much to the English law of Evidence as is applicable in Sri L:nka. 'Recommended Readinf!: G. L .. Peiris-Law of Evidence (Lake House Investments.' Colombo); E. R, s.. R. Coomaraswam~ A Textbook of the law of Evidence in Ceylon (Coomaraswamy. Colombo). G. D:' Nokes-'-' An Introduction to Evidence' (Sweet and .Maxwell. London) ,

Further, .,Reading.. or Reference.: .; Sir I,· Fitzjames Stevens-A Digest of the Law of Evidence (Macmillan, London). R. Cross­ EVIdence (Butterworth, London). Wills 7" The, Principles of Circumstantial,Evidence (Butterworth. London)' 'M. Monir­ Principles and l)jgest of the Law of Evidence (University Book Agency. Allahabad) S. L Phipson-The Law of Evidence (Sweet nnd Maxwell, London). S. L. Phipson -manual of the Law of Evidence, (Sweet and Maxwell. London). COMMERCIAL LAW' . PAPER I':""r.aw of Agency. Partnership, Company Law. Prin- CIples of Insurance Law. ' , , PAPER 11- Sale of Goods, Principles of Shipping. Law. Hire Purchase, Bills of Exchange and Cheques and Promissory Notes.

Agency The nature of Agency, th~ creation of the relationship of Principal and. Agent. the scop= of the A~nt's authoriltj I the -343-

Annex IV, page 11

rights q.I duties of the Principal and the Agent inler .Ie, the rclatkn between the Principal and third parties and thetermina­ tion of the Agency. Partnership, The nature and the foriDation of Partnershin, the. relation between the partners and persons dealing with the part" nership ; the relation between partners inter se, the dissolution of the partnership anc;! its consequences. Company ·lAw. The law relating to Companies. Prill&ipies of Insurance .La .. , The nature of the contract oJ Insurance, Insurable interest, uberrimae fidei, indemnity, doctrine of subrogatiOfl. Snie of Goods; The Law re]atingto Sale of G~ods. Principi,s of shipping Law, . -parties, . bills or' lading • . loading, discharge and delivery. exclusion and limitation of the ship-owner's liability. general and particular average, demurrage and damages for .detention. liens.

'Hire-Purchasei '''"~ The· nature and the formation of Hire-Pur-· cha~e. tlie duties of the owner and the Hirer: the termination of the agreement. the recovery of possession by the Owner. the rights· and liabilities of third parties: Bills of Exchange. Cheques and Promissory' Nolts.' '"The nature of Negotiability, the· law relating to Bills of Exchange, Cheques and Promissory Notes • . RecJ{T!end.d Reading. T.· M. Stevens - Mercantile Law (Butterworth, London). J. Charlesworth :;..,.. Mercantile Law (!:ite­ VCDS, ·.London). ' .. ·R. Lowe - Commercial . Law (Sweet and Max· well. London). Sir Artbul" Underhill _. Principles of the Law of Partnership (ButteI"Worth, London):'" Sir -M. 0;- Chalmers - Sale of Good~ (ButteI"Wortll; London). B. Jacobs..;... Law of Bills of EXChange, Cheques, Promissory Notes. and Negotiable Instru­ ments generaUy (Sweet anc;! Maxwell, London). J. Charleswo!"th­ Company Law' (Stev~. London); Payne's Carriage of Goods by Sea (Butterworth. London). Further Readmg or Reference, W. Bow5tead - Agency (Sweet and Maxwell. London). Sir F." Pollock - Law of Partnership (Stevens. Londonl. N. Lindley - Law of Partnership (Sweet and Maxwell. London). P. S. Atiyah - The Sale of Goods (Pitman, London). Sir J. B. Byles - Biils of Exchange (Sweet and Max· well. London). A. M; R. Topham - Company Law (Butter. worth; London); 'L. C; B; Gower - The PrinCiples of Modern Company·L:l\v (Stevens.London).i'A. G. Guest - The Law of Hire Purchase (Sweet and. Maxwell. London). W. S. Weerasooria . - Casebook on' the Law of Bilnking and Cheques.in Ceylon (B:lnker's Traininglnstittiie of Ceylon, . Colombo). -344-

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INTERPRETATION OF .STATUTES AND DOCUMENTS General principles of construction. Admissibility of, extrinsic . e"idence: Particular rules of construction. Implied terms. Interpretation of statutes, including interpretation of retrospec­ tive legislation. Reco'TI'nmdgd Reading. "·5.: Namasivayam - The Drafting of Legislation (Gbana University Press.: Accra)_ Sir Charles E. Odgers - The Construction of·:Oeeds and Statutes (Sweet and Maxwell. London).. R. Burrows - Interpretation of Documents (Butterworth. London), .

Further Reading or Reference. P. B Maxwell- The Interpre­ tation of Statutes (Sweet and Maxwell .. London). W. D. Craies - Statute Law (Sweet and Maxwell. London). R: F. Norton ..,... Deeds.. Sir Artbur Underhill and J.:A. StTahan·-'Interpretation of Wills and Settlements.

TRUST ACCOUNTS AND BOOK'KEEPING General principle. of· book-keeping· with emphasis on double entry. cash and ban~ transactions (including. bank. reconciliation). trial balance. Profit· and loss account and balance sheet. Sepa­ rate bank account for clients, Ledger accounts of clients. Dis­ bursements and Bill of Costs. Cash Book of Trustees, Executors and Administrators, Investment Accounts. Beneficiaries' Accounts, Apportionment of Incomeaild Capital: final .Account of Trus- tees. .

.. Recommended. Reading., . . D. Cousins:-' Teach Yourself Book­ keeping (English Language Book Society. London), L .. C. Cropper - Elementary .. Book-keeping (Macdonald and Evans~ .. London). Thornton·- HementaryBook-keeping."~ X. A. M Fernando­ Practical Book-keeping (Lake House Investments, COlombo) .. Further Reading or Reference. H. Hughes-Otislow-A law­ yer's Manual of Book-keeping (Butterworth,London). S T. Wait-"-A Textbook of Practical Book-keeping-W M.A. Wahid, Colombo). J. L. Prince _ ' Book-keeping. A. Field­ house - The Student's .Elementary Commercial Book-keeping. E. E. Spicer &. E. C. Pegler -Practical Book-keeping and Com­ merciar Knowledge (H. P. L. Publisbers. London).

PROFESSlONAL ETHICS Role of the lawyer. PrOfessional condust. Duty of .the lawyer to the courts. Duty to the clients. . Conflicting ·interests. Nego­ tiations with opposite party. AdvertiSing. Candour and fairness. Upholding the honour of. the profession. Pecuniary matters. Fees for professional services. Ofliice Routine. -345-

Annex IV, page 13

Rei"I;'t .. :.·:.:icd Readillg. St. Tr..oma:.: ·Lun~ _ international b::!.~ A»,'cla\,~" Book II Professional Ethics (SWeel and Maxwell. LOlldon; American nar Association- Canons of Professi(lnal I:.tbics (Tile American Bar Foundation).

. Furthe,' R~uding or Reference . .J. E. Singleton - Conduct at the Bar and Sume Problems. of Advocacy (Sweet and Maxwell. London). Sir Malcolm Hilbury - Duty and Art in Advocacy (Stevens Londonl. Henry S. Drinker - Legal Ethics .(Columbia University Press. New York.). W. W. Boulton-A Guide· to . Conduct and Etiquette at the Bar of England and Wales (Butter­ worth, London). R. Mcgarry-Lawyer and Litigant in.England. CONVEY ANONG . The law and practice of Conveyancing in Sri unka relating to movable and immovable .property: Principles of drafLing. Exa­ minati"n and study of the following in~truments : agreements including agreemen)s, 10 sell, purchases and sales, conditional transfers. mortgages. leases. la~t wills. donations (including wills and donations creating trusts aHd fideicommissa). powers of attor­ ney, parlnel·ships, partition,' exchanges and assigninents.- Exa­ mination of titl~ (including preparatioll of abstract of title, pedigree, inspec.tion '(If I'I'gisters and encumbrances).' . Registra~ tiOD of deeds : principles governing registration and priorityC Stamping. Duties and functions of a notary.

Reenmm~nded Reading. S. Katiresu'- The Notary's Manual (5 Ragunath. Jaffna). E. R. S. R. Coomaraswamy - The Con­ veyancer and Property' Lawyer (Coomaraswamy, COlombo) (Vo, lume' r. Pans I and II). Further Reading or Reference: G. L Kothari' - Principles ana of Corwevaneing. Draftsman. Sir Charles E. Odgers .::... Construction of . Deeds and' Statutes (Sweet' and Maxwell, London). J H. Kelly - Keny's Draftsman (Butle~orth, LOD­ donI. I. F. R. Burnett - Elements of Conveyancing. A. Gibson - Conveyancing (Law NOles Lending Library. London). INDUSTRIAL LAW .Master and servant: trade union. collective bargaining. trade disputes, industrial conciliation and arbitration, worker partici­ pation in management. including employees councils: legisla­ tion governing particular industrial disputes and their settlement. Indu.trial Couns. Labour TTlbunals. Health and safety at work: wl'rkrnen's compensation: factory and other. employment Iegis­ lalion. Recomme1lded Re

[Annex V follows] TABLE ~

POSTGRADUATE ENROLMENT ACCORDING 'TO Ul\c"l\,ERSITY. AC"'-DEMIC STREAM .& SEr:· 19&4185 "" 19M/@{; Academk ~. Arts ~M-·CO"S~ldii~-,--l..~;··~- ···id:;.tio;·~·- "Sci;'; -M~di~~ ~·D:;;~lS-;;.". Vset~ribarY-~'A'~rjculturc Eu(!iueerias:'.ArebiteetllT" loul St .... m , g til It,··· ClGDce ., ...... '--'---'._----,---", -'--,--' ': ,----- :Uaivenit}',a: . F T F; T F T F T F-. T' FT. F T F T F T F T F T f 'T Acadcmu::Ycar ...... -.... I! . , " ' ,-----'-'-_._-'-,-_.. _----, ~-'--:--,------:--:--' --.------'-- 84!Hl : 31 . 95 ,I Ol I 41 ;W i 63, 109 118, Ol 23 Ol i 10 . " , 171 410 ColomDu i----;--)--,--'--'-' -- -- ~-;-- ,--'----·--·i---r-..-'- ---.--:--:--;-- . 8ll~ • l8 'ISS , 04 ; 78 18 57 69 134 II IS; OS , 12 , , 145 ,451

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) .. _85_ 8_6_ ~ __. _:\-_t--i · :__ .- __ ~_~.-_'j:_-_-_. ; _"_. __ l_'_!,. __. __ ; __ ;__ \__ ~ __: __ i_0_2_1_'3_1_\_' _11_\_4_,_ ~ _1_3_' _7_8_ ' '"p, j It' I : -! I , : I' " " i 84/8S . - , _ . i ,04 112 - 02 02. 01 , 01 . , I . ' I"" 07 . IS o jalmi t-h !-----~---ll--!--·l-- -: --\--i-- --I -- --I--;--l---;--:--I--l--;--,--I--::--;--I--,-- _-,::;-___ ! 85186 i - , - I _ i ,~63 I 03 06 I 01 i 02, : 1 .. I .. 1 I ' • _4~ .•• ~ ! 2. OJro ~ Ruh~·-'··~-'-'~!85 ~--~--i~'=:=~~! -~.~ --:--; :~:2." ~ r~---\~\~·~·~.--:--:-=-- <: 85/86 - . _ . - . - '_ - I - 12 20: 01 : 02 . - , - : - ; - : 02 ; os : - -. - _..... 15 27 :--;--i--'-,--'-- --:-- ---(--;--;--\--\--1--:--; --'\--(--\--(--\--.-- p,~ '114;85 69 214 I' 13 i ill ! 16 i 63 • 211 383 I 27 III' 10 : 17 ' - , - , - 1 01 ! - , - : 02 : 05 i, 18 " 33 : 366 952 Total , 1 It:I ' , I I . f ' I 1 ., o --I--i--,----'---I--[----,--i--;--;--:--I--:--]--i--,--:---:---. - ,-- t-h 85'~ 66 268: 04 'I 18 i, 18 , 57 : 160 ,27, 54 ISS' 11 : 2S : - '. - : - I - , 02 i OS • 01 ! 31 ' II • 47 " 3ll! 999 t:l , ; 1 !: o o Note$:: m t lAciudcd under PGI,A. (2) 1'1" 110t obtainable ~ an ... Inclucied und« P1M OJ rt