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Characterising the Hyporheic Zones in the Skerne Catchment

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Characterising the Hyporheic Zones in the Skerne Catchment Characterising the hyporheic zones in the Skerne Catchment Groundwater Science Programme Commercial Report CR/19/004 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GROUNDWATER SCIENCE PROGRAMME COMMISSIONED REPORT CR/19/004 Characterising the hyporheic The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database rights zones in the Skerne catchment 2019. Ordnance Survey Licence no. 100021290 B Palumbo-Roe, VJ Banks, B Brauns Keywords Contributors Hyporheic zone; groundwater- surface water interaction; Magnesian Limestone; sulphate; J Elsome, D Mallin Martin, S Gregory mine water; Co Durham. Front cover A tributary of the River Skerne. Bibliographical reference PALUMBO-ROE, B, BANKS, VJ, BRAUN, B 2019. Characterising the hyporheic zones in the Skerne Catchment. British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/19/004. 173 pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © UKRI 2019. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2019 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at BGS Central Enquiries Desk www.geologyshop.com Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the NG12 5GG BGS shops. Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of email [email protected] Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. It also The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in developing EH14 4AP countries. Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 The British Geological Survey is a component body of UK Research email [email protected] and Innovation. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT Tel 029 2167 4280 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Department of Enterprise, Trade & Investment, Dundonald House, Upper Newtownards Road, Ballymiscaw, Belfast, BT4 3SB Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk UK Research and Innovation, Polaris House, Swindon SN2 1FL Tel 01793 444000 www.ukri.org Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com Foreword This report is the published product of a study by the British Geological Survey (BGS). It comprises a review of the methodology developed to improve the understanding of connectivity between the River Skerne and the Magnesian Limestone aquifer. This research was supported by the Environment Agency, the Coal Authority, Anglian Water Services and Nortumbrian Water Group with BGS co-funding in order to inform the scheduling of design measures to protect the groundwater resource in the context of the River Basin Management Plan. The research is necessarily multi-disciplinary, drawing from the skills of a range of colleagues in the BGS and EA to provide field and laboratory support. Acknowledgements In addition to the authors, the contribution of a number of people is gratefully acknowledged. In particular BGS staff Michael Watts, Simon Chenery, Tom Barlow, Elliott Hamilton, Tom Kelly, Aurelie Devez, and Andy Marriott are thanked for providing the chemical analysis. The student Tim Roth and BGS colleagues Mike Bowes, Jack Elsome and Dan Mallin Martin are thanked for field work contribution and Simon Gregory for the microbiological analysis. Pauline Smedley is thanked for reviewing the report. The Environment Agency colleagues including Ms Diane Steele, Ms Sally Gallagher contributed to generating the research outputs and therefore to the production of this report. In addition to the collection of data, many individuals have freely given their advice, and provided the local knowledge so important to the process understanding and we would particularly like to thank colleagues at JBA in this regard. i Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... i Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 9 Purpose and structure of report ....................................................................................... 9 Summary of previous research on the River Skerne and the Magnesian Limestone aquifer ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Site selection and initial conceptual site models ................................................................ 20 Overview ...................................................................................................................... 20 Monitoring point Foumarts Lane (D01) ....................................................................... 20 Monitoring points along Woodham Burn (WB) and Rushyford Beck (RB) ................ 25 Monitoring point AY (South of Aycliffe village) ........................................................ 29 Monitoring point Coatham Mundeville village (A02) ................................................. 33 Other monitoring points visited .................................................................................... 35 3 Data Collection ..................................................................................................................... 37 Sampling programme: scope and limitations ............................................................... 37 Hydrological conditions during sampling .................................................................... 37 Hyporheic zone sampling method ................................................................................ 40 Chemical analysis ......................................................................................................... 41 4 Data processing ..................................................................................................................... 42 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 42 Vertical gradients .......................................................................................................... 42 5 Spatial variation of hyporheic zone hydrochemical composition across the Skerne catchment ..................................................................................................................................... 43 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 43 Water types and physicochemical characteristics ........................................................ 43 Major elements ............................................................................................................. 43 Minor and trace elements ............................................................................................. 44 Hierarchical clustering .................................................................................................. 44 Microbiological characterisation: Enumeration of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) using most probable number method. .................................................................................... 45 6 Comparison of hyporheic zone chemical data with the Magnesian Limestone aquifer 52 Magnesian Limestone aquifer end-member ................................................................. 52 Borehole Foumarts Lane and site D01 ......................................................................... 52 Boreholes Low Copelaw with Woodham and site WB ................................................ 53 Boreholes Rushyford and Site RB ................................................................................ 54 Boreholes Ketton Hall with Aycliffe and site AY .......................................................
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