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Abelmoschus Esculentus (Linn.) Moench. Synonym Hibiscus

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Abelmoschus Esculentus (Linn.) Moench. Synonym Hibiscus A Abelmoschus esculentus Abies pindrow Royle. (Linn.) Moench. Synonym A. pindrow Spach. Synonym Hibiscus esculentus Linn. A. webbiana Lindl. var. pindrow Brandis. Family Malvaceae. Pinus pindrow Royle. Habitat Native to tropical Africa; Family Pinaceae. cultivated throughout India, up to Habitat Kashmir, Himachal , m. Pradesh, Tehri-Garhwal and other areas of northern India, at altitudes English Gumbo, Lady Finger, Okra. of ,–, m. Ayurvedic Bhaandi, Bhindaka, English Pindrow-Fir, Silver-Fir, The Bhendaa. West-Himalayan Low-Level Fir. Unani Baamiyaa. Ayurvedic Taalisha (related sp.). Folk Badar, Morinda, Raisalla, Siddha/Tamil Vendai. Ransla. Folk Bhindi, Raamturai. Action Uses similar to those of A. webbiana. Action Immature pods (decoc- tion)—emollient, demulcent and Terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides diuretic (in catarrhal affections, and steroids of the leaf were found ardor urine, dysuria, dysentery). to have mast cell stabilizing action in Seeds—antispasmodic. rats. Terpenoids and flavonoids of- fered bronchoprotection against his- Fatty fraction of the fresh watery ex- tamine challenge in guinea pigs. The tract of the seeds causes destruction ulcer protective action of petroleum of cancerous cell growth in vitro.The ether, benzene and chloroform frac- pods are reported to exhibit antitu- tion has been attributed to steroidal mour activity. An ethanolic extract contents. Terephthalic acid demethyl of pods was effective against Gram- ester (TADE), isolated from the leaf, positive bacteria. exhibited protection against inflamma- The ripe fruits contain quercetin, tion and bronchospasm in guinea pigs. hyperin (hyperoside), hydrolysate of Ethanolic extract of leaves showed sig- precipitated mucilage, proanthocyani- nificant anxiolytic effects on all the dins,D-glucose,D-glucuronicand paradigms of anxiety, barbiturate hyp- galacturonic acids. nosis potentiation. Fresh flowers contain flavonol gly- Pindrolactone, a lanostane-based cosides and anthocyanins. triterpene lactone, isolated from the 2 Abies webbiana Lindl. A leaves, showed mild activity against A biflavonoid, abiesin, n-triaconta- Gram-positive bacteria but exhibit- nol, beta-sitosterol and betuloside are ed potent antibacterial activity against present in the leaves. Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The essential oil from leaves con- tains alpha-pinene, l-limonene, delta- carene, dipentene, l-bornyl acetate and l-cardinene as major constituents. Abies webbiana Lindl. Dosage Needles—– g powder. Synonym A. spectabilis (D. Don) (API Vol. IV.) Spach. Pinus webbiana Wall. Family Pinaceae. Abroma augusta Jacq. Habitat The Himalayas from Synonym Ambroma augusta Kashmir to Assam at altitudes of Linn. f. ,–, m. Family Sterculiaceae. English Indian Silver Fir, The West-Himalayan High-Level Fir, Habitat Throughout the hotter and The East-Himalayan Fir. moister parts of India, from Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, eastwards Ayurvedic Taalisa, Taalisapatra, to Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Taalisha, Patraadhya, Dhaatriparni, Meghalaya and Tripura, ascending Dhaatripatra. to , m, southwards in Peninsular Unani Taalisapattar. India. Siddha/Tamil Taalispatri. English Perennial Indian Hemp, Devil’s Cotton. Folk Badar, Chilrow, Morinda, Raisalla, Taalispatra. (Tallispatra, Ayurvedic Pishaacha Kaarpaasa, Taalispatri and Talespattre are Pivari. also equated with the leaves of Unani Ulat-kambal. Cinnamomum tamala Nees.) Siddha/Tamil Sivapputtuti. Action Expectorant, bronchial seda- Folk Kumal, Sanukapaasi. tive, decongestant, anticatarrhal, antiseptic, carminative. Action Rootbark—emmena- gogue (used for dysmenorrhoea, Key application Fir (Abies alba amenorrhoea), abortifacient, galac- Miller) needle oil—in catarrhal ill- totrophic. ness of upper and lower respiratory tract (internally and externally); The root contains abromine (be- externally in rheumatic and neu- taine), friedelin, abromasterol, abro- ralgic pains. Contraindicated in masterol A, choline, beta-sitosterol, bronchial asthma and whooping stigmasterol and octacosanol. Leaves, cough. (German Commission E.) reported to be useful in treating uterine Abutilon indicum Linn. Sweet. 3 disorders, contain taraxerol, its acetate antibody-forming cells, bone marrow A and lupeol. cellularity and alpha-esterase-positive bone marrow cells. Dosage Leaf juice—– ml. Oral administration of agglutinins, Rootbark powder—– g. (CCRAS.) isolated from the seeds, is useful in the treatment of hepatitis and AIDS. The seed extract exhibited antischis- Abrus precatorius Linn. tosomal activity in male hamsters. The methanolic extract of seeds in- Family Papilionaceae; Fabaceae. hibited the motility of human sperma- Habitat Throughout the country, tozoa. ascending to an altitude of about The roots contain precol, abrol, gly- , m in the outer Himalayas. cyrrhizin (.%) and alkaloids—abra- sine and precasine. The roots also con- English Indian Wild Liquorice, tain triterpenoids—abruslactone A, Jequirity, Crab’s Eye, Precatory methyl abrusgenate and abrusgenic Bean. acid. Ayurvedic Gunjaa, Gunjaka, Alkaloids/bases present in the roots Chirihintikaa, Raktikaa, Chirmi- are also present in leaves and stems. ti, Kakanti, Kabjaka, Tiktikaa, A. fruticulosus Wall. Ex Wight and Kaakananti, Kaakchinchi. (Not to Arn. synonym A. pulchellus Wall., A. be used as a substitute for liquorice.) laevigatus E. May. (Shveta Gunjaa) is Unani Ghunghchi, Ghamchi. also used for the same medicinal pur- poses as A. precatorius. Siddha/Tamil Kunri. Folk Chirmiti, Ratti. Dosage Detoxified seed—– g powder.Rootpowder—–g.(API Action Uterine stimulant, abortifa- Vols. I, II.) cient, toxic. Seeds—teratogenic. A paste of seeds is applied on vitiligo patches. Abutilon indicum Linn. Sweet. Along with other therapeutic appli- cations, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Synonym A. indicum G. Don. of India has indicated the use of seeds Family Malvaceae. in baldness. Habitat Throughout the hotter Seeds contain abrin, a toxalbumin, parts of India. Found as a weed in indole derivatives, anthocyanins, ste- the sub-Himalayan tract and other rols, terpenes. Abrin causes aggluti- hills up to , m. nation of erythrocytes, haemolysis and enlargement of lymph glands. A non- English Country Mallow, Flowering toxic dose of abrin (. mcg/kg body Maples, Chinese Bell-flowers. weight), isolated from the seeds of red Ayurvedic Atibalaa, Kankatikaa, var., exhibited a noticeable increase in Rishyaproktaa. 4 Acacia arabica Willd. var. indica Benth. A Unani Kanghi, Musht-ul-Ghaul, Medic.; A. fruticosum Guill. et al.; Darkht-e-Shaan. A. hirtum (Lam.) Sweet, synonym A. graveolens Wt. and Arn.; A. muticum Siddha/Tamil Thutthi. Sweet, synonym A. glaucum Sweet; and Folk Kanghi, Kakahi, Kakahiyaa. A. polyandrum Wight and Arn., syn- Action Dried, whole plant— onym A. persicum (Burm. f.) Mer- febrifuge, anthelmintic, demulcent, rill (known as Naani-khapaat, Jhinaki- diuretic, anti-inflammatory (in khapaat, Kanghi, Makhamali-khapaat urinary and uterine discharges, and Khaajavani-khapaat, respectively, piles, lumbago). Juice of the plant— in folk medicine). emollient. Seeds—demulcent Dosage Root—– g powder. (API (used in cough, chronic cystitis), Vol I.) laxative. Leaves—cooked and eaten for bleeding piles. Flowers— antibacterial, anti-inflammatory. Bark—astringent, diuretic. Root— Acacia arabica Willd. var. nervine tonic, given in paralysis; indica Benth. also prescribed in strangury. Synonym A. nilotica (Linn.) Delile Along with other therapeutic appli- subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan. cations, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Family Mimosaceae. of India indicates the use of the root in Habitat Throughout the drier parts gout, polyuria and haemorrhagic dis- of India. eases. The plant contains mucilage, tan- English Babul, Black Babul, Indian nins, asparagines, gallic acid and ses- Gum arabic tree. quiterpenes. Presence of alkaloids, Ayurvedic Babbuula, Babbuuri, leucoanthocyanins, flavonoids, sterols, Baavari, Aabhaa, Shuulikaa, triterpenoids, saponins and cardiac Shitaka, Kinkiraata, Yugmakantaka, glycosides is also reported. Sukshmapatra, Pitapushpaka. Asparagine is diuretic. Gallic acid Unani Aqaaqia, Babuul, Kikar, is analgesic. Mucilages act by reflex, Mughilaan, Samur. loosen cough as well as bronchial ten- sion. Essential oil—antibacterial, anti- Siddha/Tamil Karu-velamaram, fungal. Karuvelei. Velampisin (gum). The drug exhibits immunological Action Stembark—astringent, activity. It augments antibody in spasmolytic, hypoglycaemic. animals. EtOH (%) extract of A. Gum—demulcent (soothing agent indicum ssp. guineense Borssum, syn- for inflammatory conditions of the onym A. asiaticum (Linn.) Sweet, ex- respiratory, digestive and urinary hibits anticancer activity. tracts). Pods—used in urogenital Related sp. include: Abutilon avicen- disorders. Seeds—hypoglycaemic nae Gaertn., synonym A. theophrastii in normal rats; no such effect in Acacia catechu (Linn. f.) Willd. 5 diabetic rats. Seed oil—antifungal. Habitat Drier regions of India, A Flowers, pods and gum resin—used particularly Punjab, Madhya in diarrhoea and dysentery. Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Along with other therapeutic appli- Rajasthan. cations, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India indicates the use of stembark English Cutch tree, Catechu. in acute diarrhoea and helminthiasis. Ayurvedic Khadira, Kadara, Tannin contents of the bark varies Somavalka, Gaayatri, Dantdhaavan, considerably (–%). Several poly- Kantaki, Raktasaara (heartwood phenolic compounds have been re- extract). ported in the bark,
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