Island Archaeology 2011 : Year of Island Cultures 2 CONTENTS ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 EDITORIAL 3 FEATURES Issue No 11 / Summer 2010 4

Published by Archaeology Scotland three times a year. Free to members. ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011

Islands NTS Islands in Trust North Rona Mesolithic Mull

Fieldwork COMMUNITY Roman Inveresk Loch Hourn Island Archaeology 2011 : Year of Island Cultures 2 CONTENTS ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 EDITORIAL 3 FEATURES Issue No 11 / Summer 2010 4. Looking seaward from the heather - Islands in Trust ISSN 2041-7039 6. North Rona - a distant isle Islands Views and opinions expressed within 8. Billy’s Garden - the earliest Mesolithic site in western Scotland Archaeology Scotland magazine are not necessarily those of Archaeology Scotland, its Board or the Editor. RECENT FIELDWORK 10. Recent discoveries at Roman Inveresk Published by Archaeology Scotland, Suite 1a, Stuart House, 11. Loch Hourn survey Eskmills, Station Road, Musselburgh EH21 7PB BOOKS Tel: 0845 872 3333 Fax: 0845 872 3334 12. Book Reviews - Shifting Sands: Links of Noltland, Westray; The Email: [email protected] Archaeological Landcape of Bute; Carpow Log Boat Web: www.archaeologyscotland.org.uk Scottish Charity SC001723 NEWS Company No. 262056 13. ARCHAEOLOGY SCOTLAND: Membership; Scottish Archaeology Month; Education & Outreach; OTHER NEWS: Out with the old GUARD 14. From the Director 15. Direct Debit form The DBLPS/Community excavation at Scalpsie Barrow, lead by Paul Duffy, Deputy Project Manager for Archaeology. This was a re-excavation of the barrow first dug by Bryce in 1903. © Discover Bute Landscape Partnership Scheme

COVER: Thistle Camp volunteers surveying The theme of this edition of the magazine is ‘Island is fascinating with the added piquancy of the engagement of the on Canna, looking across Sanday to Rum archaeology’, to coincide with the Year of Islands Cultures gardener, Billy, in the discoveries. North Rona comes across as © NTS 2011 celebration. To be honest I had to get out a map to make an island touched by magic. Sadly North Rona is now empty of 4 6 sure I knew where all the places in the articles are. I have lived people and as the writers own ‘it would be naive to suggest that in Scotland for years and think I know her quite well but in a we understand the landscape’. How can we ever do this when ‘pin the tail on the donkey’ approach with half-closed eyes and the link with the people who made and used that landscape is a map, trying to see the map outline and not the place-names, I gone? had to be pleased with about 60%. Even worse, friends of mine The Loch Hourn area was clearly far more densely populated who are Scots by birth did significantly worse! These once busy in times past. It has islands associated with the area that were coasts and islands are now less so and, as a sad result, less well previously populated and are no longer. The shadows of people known and much less travelled. who lived in Knoydart and Glenelg, burying their dead on Editing and typesetting Can Scotland’s Year of Island Cultures do anything to put Barisdale, fall long across the Loch. Iconic St Kilda, abandoned Sue Anderson, CFA Archaeology Ltd these places back on the map? Scotland’s islands lie on the in 1930, is another island where our true understanding of the Based on an original design by western periphery of Scotland, the UK and of Europe. They culture becomes fainter as the number of St Kildans diminishes Neil Kinnaird qualify for inclusion in EU projects looking to address issues to zero. At a recent presentation about the excellent work on of peripherality such as poor economic performance, low St Kilda by the National Trust for Scotland the issue of ‘who’ Deadline for articles and news items for 8 10 population levels and low levels of ‘inclusion’. is the community of interest was discussed; it can be anyone, the next issue of Archaeology Scotland is Scotland’s Year of Island Cultures website tells us that they if they are interested. Perhaps this is the future for Scotland’s 10 October 2011. Contributions can be want to celebrate ‘not just island culture, but also the vibrant abandoned and forgotten islands, to be jobs and hobbies for sent by post to the Archaeology Scotland communities which make our islands so unique’. A laudable academics and tourists, it seems so sad. offices or e-mailed direct to the Editor aim, but how does this fit with an archipelago where many I would prefer to use Scotland’s Year of Islands Cultures marked ‘ArcScot contribution’. islands are depopulated, uninhabited, cleared? The articles ”celebration” to draw attention to the problems of life on the in this edition of the magazine ably and amply celebrate the periphery, to its fragility and sometimes its neglect. Can we [email protected] archaeology of the islands concerned but where there is no use this excellent archaeology to shine a light on what can resident population who are the community of interest, who happen to island populations without appropriate economic The Editor welcomes members’ letters, ‘owns’ the archaeology and who is going to celebrate? development and support so that we don’t see a further and which may be edited for reasons of length intensified wave of Clearance? and clarity. Mull is, mercifully, still a vibrant island and the excavation of ‘Billy’s Garden – the earliest Mesolithic site in western Scotland’ Bridget Paterson, Discover Bute Landscape Partnership Scheme Copyright for text published in Archaeology Scotand magazine will rest with Archaeology Scotland and the 11 individual contributors. Editor’s Note Advertisers should contact the Archaeology Scotland offices in the first instance. The next issue will be on the theme of the ‘Artefacts’. We Please email contributions direct to me if possible, no later than also welcome articles about more general themes, specific 10 October. A large print version of Archaeology community projects, SAM events and research projects. Members are encouraged to send comments, short articles, Scotland is available on request. Please If you plan to include something in the next issue, please let me photos and opinions relating to Scottish archaeology at any contact the Archaeology Scotland office know well in advance as space is always tight. High resolution time for inclusion in our “Members’ Section”. for further information. digital images (300dpi+) are preferred for publication (please Sue Anderson, Editor Printed on recycled paper. include copyright details), although we can scan other formats. 4 FEATURES ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 FEATURES 5 Looking seaward from the heather: Fresh Evidence for Pre-Burghal Edinburgh islands in Trust brambles from the abandoned 19th-century fermtoun at Burg received talks and deck commentaries on the natural and on Mull and the survey of the ruined bothy on Staffa. On Iona cultural heritage of some of Scotland’s most iconic islands we have an ongoing programme to conserve and re-paint the as well as numerous tours ashore. Following in the footsteps rusting remains of the iron machinery at the marble quarry (a of Martin Martin, more and more people seek to visit these Scheduled Monument) and to re-turf the erosion scars on the wonderful islands. Next year will see the Trust cruise, in a larger earthwork vallum around the Abbey. ship, the Quest for Adventure, return to Hirta but also visit Thistle Camp volunteers have also carried out excavations over Canna, Skye and Staffa. http://www.nts.org.uk/culturalcruising/ a number of years at both Brodick on Arran and on Canna. index.php The most complete piece of work was done in the grounds of As some of the most extensive landholdings in the Trust, the Brodick Castle. We investigated a clamp kiln for producing islands hold a vast number of archaeological sites. From the lime which was found to be one of a series of similar kilns evidence of early farmers on Canna through to the Second across the island, all probably Estate-built by workmen during World War plane crash sites, such as the remains of the flying the agricultural improvements of the late 18th and early 19th boat on Hirta. Without a Trust helicopter or boat, management centuries. of the archaeological sites on these islands often relies heavily On Canna excavations were targeted to examine the effect of on the partnership with local communities and government rabbit damage on a 19th-century fermtoun, a shieling site and agencies. I doubt I could claim for a yacht on expenses! a Neolithic settlement mound. Despite heavy disturbance by Derek Alexander, NTS burrowing rabbits, layers of burning and numerous artefacts were recovered, including part of a stone axe and lots of heavy Further reading plain bowl pottery. Radiocarbon dates from this site suggested Emery, N 1996 Excavations on Hirta 1986–90. Edinburgh. activity in the mid 4th millennium BC. As a result a programme of rabbit control has now been brought in on Canna to try and Fleming, A 2005 St Kilda and the Wider World. Cheshire reduce the numbers and minimise damage to the archaeology. Harden, J 2011 ‘Far-flung islands: Berneray, Mingulay and Pabbay’, One problem for conservation is that the rabbits provide The Archaeologist, Spring 2011, No 79, 10–13. a ready food source for the various raptor species which Harden, J & Lelong O 2011 Winds of Change: the living landscape of regularly use the island. Removing the rabbits entirely from the Hirta, St Kilda. Edinburgh island ecosystem would have an unacceptable effect on these Hunter, J 1996 Fair Isle: The archaeology of an island community. On the Trust cruise looking at Boreray where recent survey work has recorded over 80 structures © NTS protected species. Edinburgh. RCAHMS 2010 Mingulay: Archaeology and Architecture (Broadsheet) The National Trust for Scotland has around 400 islands, or An Lag. For the first time the work includes scientific dating Lesser known isles Edinburgh parts of islands, in its care and each has its own archaeological techniques which demonstrate human activity on Hirta from at The Trust has a number of smaller, lesser-known isles in its care. RCAHMS 1999 Canna: The Archaeology of a Hebridean Landscape story to tell. These include the St Kilda archipelago, Canna, least the late 1st millennium BC. Linked by a tidal muddy causeway to the shore, below the Mote (Broadsheet ) Edinburgh Iona, Fair Isle, Staffa, Mingulay, Pabbay, Berneray and Survey and recording of Mark at Rockcliffe, on the Solway coast, is Rough Island. properties on Arran, Mull, Unst and Yell. Of these islands, isles, Given the proximity of an Early Historic fortification, we believe islets and stacs, only ten are permanently inhabited. Some, like The Trust has had a long standing partnership with RCAHMS there is likely to be more than just the fieldbanks and cultivation St Kilda and Mingulay, are renowned for being abandoned (in in undertaking survey work on its properties including many remains on the island. This is probably also the case on the 1930 and 1912 respectively). The surviving archaeology plays of the islands. The results of this work can be found in the Murray Isles, near Gatehouse of Fleet, which has a 19th-century a significant role in reinforcing the feeling of desolation. excellent RCAHMS Broadsheets on St Kilda, Canna and the ruin. While some basic survey work has been undertaken these recently published one on Mingulay (Hale & Dixon 2010). In Island tourists sites, like Threave Island, are protected bird sanctuaries and the last couple of years this partnership work has continued can only be visited outwith the nesting season. The archaeology Many of the Trust’s islands have a history of being visited by with RCAHMS survey teams working with Jill Harden on of some of our other islands remains elusive. Apart from a tourists. Martin Martin famously visited St Kilda at the end of the Berneray and the spectacular island of Boreray, part of the St fisherman’s bothy, there is little in evidence on either Buccinch or 17th century and drew a useful map of the island which shows Kilda group. Using GPS and photography the team recorded Ceardach in Loch Lomond. The tree-covered Shieldaig Island in the three chapel sites and clusters of cleits, which he marked as the position of some eighty structures on Boreray including Loch Torridon, although extremely picturesque, has no recorded ‘pyramids’. Iona and Staffa have likewise attracted numerous cleits, bothies, peat stances and settlement mounds. Traces of archaeological remains. notable visitors. Mendelssohn was inspired to compose while cultivation features were also recorded and mapped. others recorded them in paintings and prose. The ruinous bothy Outreach and the Trust Cruise Conservation and Thistle Camps on the summit plateau of Staffa may have been built to provide Archaeological work often lends itself to working with temporary shelter for some quests. Tourists to Fingal’s Cave left Volunteer work parties have been a feature of management communities and in particular involving the local schools. A their mark in the extensive historic graffiti on the basalt walls. on St Kilda from the 1960s. Initially this involved repair work successful Ancient Skills Day has been held at Brodick Castle on to some of the 1860s houses being undertaken. Work parties History of island research Arran for the last two years. In May this year the local primary still form an important part of the management regime on school took part in an archaeology day, including some trial Over the years the National Trust for Scotland has allowed or this dual World Heritage Site. They carry out ongoing repairs trenching. One of the most enjoyable of these events was the commissioned archaeological projects on many of its islands. to the range of drystone structures such as cleits, dykes and 2007 Year of Highland Culture when the Trust obtained a grant Perhaps the best known are the published work by Norman enclosures, which are damaged on a regular basis by winter to bring all of the Small Isles (Canna, Eigg, Rum and Muck) Emery (1996) on the excavations on the main street on Hirta storms. The monitoring and recording of these repairs and primary schools to Canna for a day of archaeological activities. and the extensive survey of Fair Isle by John Hunter and his the cleaning of drainage channels are undertaken under Future plans, for which grant funding may be sought, would be team from Birmingham University (1996). The range of work archaeological supervision as are other interventions by St Kilda to produce a travelling exhibition on the Archaeology of Trust undertaken in partnership with Glasgow University and GUARD Archaeologist, Ian McHardy. During one of these jobs he found Islands. on Hirta from 1991 to 2006 is due to be published imminently a flint thumbnail scraper probably of Bronze Age date within as a Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Winds of one of the drains. One of our most successful and most enjoyable outreach activities (if a bit more exclusive) is the annual Trust cruise. I Change: The Living Landscape of Hirta, St Kilda by Jill Harden Volunteers groups and Thistle Camps (working holidays) also and Olivia Lelong. This excellent publication will report on the have just returned from this year’s cruise which focussed on undertake conservation and investigation work on Trust islands. Island Archaeology and included visits to St Kilda, Orkney wide range of multi-disciplinary work undertaken both in the Recent years have seen the removal of bracken, gorse and village and on the surrounding slopes of Mullach Sgar and and Shetland. Over 200 passengers on the Spirit of Adventure Repairing erosion scars on the Abbey vallum at Iona © NTS 6 FEATURES ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 FEATURES 7

unexplored. At the top of our list of objectives was the creation of a map depicting all the visible remains on the island and a North Rona - a distant isle new survey of the oratory and the adjacent settlement. Almost 85 years to the day since a previous generation of Royal Commission investigators had recorded the oratory and noted the adjacent ‘Primitive Dwellings’ and the scatter of ‘Stone Settings’, we landed in idyllic conditions for a week of fieldwork. Unlike our predecessors, we came armed with an outline map of the remains transcribed from aerial photographs, which revealed the island landscape in remarkable detail, or so we thought. Apart from the field-system with its enclosing dyke and sinuous cultivation ridges, we had transcribed about eighty other structures and felt that we were well on the way to achieving our first target. Fortunately we also brought a GPS kit, for in the event the landscape produced well in excess of 400 structures. Most are low mounds and circular or oval settings of stones, but there are other remains of buildings and, on the peninsula to the north, a series of bothies and enclosures. As one might have guessed from the shreds of history preserved in the earlier accounts, this was an island where every square inch had had a value and was exploited accordingly. It would be naïve to suggest that we understand this landscape, but at least we now have a reasonably complete map of it to provide the foundation for further work. By far the majority of the structures are the small stances which have become a familiar feature of surveys in the Hebrides. As the earlier Royal Commission investigators observed, many of them are adjacent to traces of old peat and turf cuttings, and it is likely that they Ian Parker of RCAHMS surveying one of the structures in the settlement mound © Jill Harden are stack bases. Equally, however, some of them may have Many of Scotland’s most spectacular monuments lie in its Now a National Nature Reserve, North Rona is usually been for hay. What is clear from the survey is that where there remoter fringes, but few are as remote as those on North Rona, populated only by birds, seals and sheep. In July 2009 a is any visible stratigraphy in the field, these stack stands are over 40 miles into the North Atlantic off Cape Wrath. Such mixed team of ornithologists, broadcasters and archaeologists relatively late, consistently post-dating the old dykes that seem places are by their very nature difficult to get to, separated by joined them. While Stuart Murray led the ornithological study to have divided up the grazings beyond the head-dyke of the On crawling through the low doorway in the west gable, the interior of uncertain and unpredictable waters. And yet if you are prepared of the Leach’s and Storm Petrels that nest there, the writers field-system. the oratory soars above your head © Jill Harden to invest the effort, they always repay the time. In the case of with Dave Cowley and Ian Parker of RCAHMS carried out an It is also clear that the head-dyke itself has been recast on in a programme of research that we plan to take forward. North Rona, it is the Early Christian oratory that is the magnet. archaeological survey. Kathleen Jamie and Tim Dee prepared several different lines. The enclosed area has been extended Where else in Scotland can you go to see this type of structure, recordings for a BBC radio programme spanning the natural Another relates to the oratory and its enclosure. Were these in stages, and at one time seems to have contained a series constructed in an unsettled landscape, or does the settlement one that is otherwise only known in miniature in artefacts like and cultural histories, two dimensions of the island’s past that of large terraced fields. These have been subsumed into the the Monymusk reliquary. But there is much more to North Rona have always been closely intertwined. This emerges first in the mound and the terraced fields round about betray an earlier remarkable system of cultivation ridges that now fills most period of occupation? This was an island with access to than that. writings of Dean Munro, who reported in 1549 that the duties of the area within the head-dyke. The 6 or 7 acres under to Macleod of Lewis were paid in meal, livestock, mutton valuable resources: it is hard to believe that they were not being Until the 1680s North Rona was home to five families, and cultivation at the beginning of the 19th century is well short of exploited by the late Iron Age. And there is also the question though the population never again reached this peak it and ‘foulis’. On the one hand this was a typical agricultural the total area enclosed. It is therefore reasonable to suggest settlement that you might have found anywhere along the of whether the oratory existed in isolation, or whether some of remained in occupation until about 1840. They tilled the that the expansion of the field-system to its maximum extent the other remains on the island go back to this same period. ground, they grazed the rough pastures and they cut peat and west coast. On the other, it exploited the particulars of its had probably taken place when the population was at its peak environment, principally the seabirds that nested on its cliffs. Remote it may be, but North Rona contains a huge untapped turf, and the evidence of their toils is to be seen everywhere you before the late 17th century. potential spanning at least the last two millennia. look. For the landscape historian such places are rare gems: Gleanings from 17th-century writers indicate that the five The use and antiquity of the field-system provides one strand not for the traditional reason that they provide the opportunity families were joint tenants and that there was a strict limit of Strat Halliday and Jill Harden to study supposedly closed systems of settlement and land-use, thirty souls in the population; extra mouths were packed off to but because in their abandonment they have been left largely Lewis it seems. With the potential from arable, pasture and the undisturbed. They preserve glimpses of farming landscapes cliffs so finely judged it is little surprise that the people were that elsewhere have been lost as a result of the massive overtaken by disaster in the 1680s when a plague of rats and reorganisation of the landscape that took place in the 18th and the theft of the bull by a passing ship led to mass starvation 19th centuries. and death. An attempt at repopulation also ended in disaster North Rona is by no means unique, but what makes this when the men of the community were lost at sea. North Rona island different is that the tragic tale of its abandonment sees was subsequently tenanted by a series of single extended the population shrinking rather earlier than elsewhere. A families, numbering nine souls in 1764. In the final years of its field-system that mainly dates to the end of the 17th century occupation there was just a shepherd and his family. remains, although parts must have continued in use for another A previous survey by Alan Gailey and Helen Nisbet in 1958 had century or so. This is a remarkable survival. Elsewhere, with the recorded the Early Christian oratory, its surrounding enclosure rural population growing remorselessly in the 18th and 19th and the associated carved stones in some detail, together centuries, every scrap of usable ground and more was brought with what is perhaps best described as a large settlement into cultivation, perhaps only for a single season. At best, mound. This lies at the core of the field-system and is evidently any earlier agricultural systems have been subsumed into the complex, not only containing the remains of the buildings latest configuration of fields and rigs, at worst they have been occupied by the tenants since Munro’s day, but potentially obliterated. And at this remove it is difficult to know whether the much earlier structures too. Our work aimed to build upon farming practices on the eve of their abandonment in the 19th their record and set it in the wider context of the archaeological century were truly those of even a hundred years before. remains scattered across the rest of the island. The existence of these other structures had been noted but they were largely Looking down over the field-system to the settlement mound and the enclosure surrounding the oratory © Jill Harden 8 FEATURES ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 FEATURES 9 Billy’s Garden we excavated test-pits elsewhere in the garden in an attempt to - the earliest Mesolithic site in western Scotland map the distribution of the artefacts. With a survey underway on Tiree, an excavation on Coll at Fiskary Bay and other sites to explore on Mull at Tenga and Croig, it wasn’t until the summer of 2010 that the Inner Hebrides Mesolithic Project was able to return to Billy’s Garden. During a hot and sunny week in August we opened up a 7m square trench and found that the feature in our 2007 test-trench was in fact the end of a long ditch rather than a pit. It was associated with a large number of other features – stake holes, post-holes and shallow pits all with the same black greasy fill. All of these had been disturbed by cultivation, which has re-distributed the black greasy fill across parts of the site. There were plenty of charcoal and charred hazelnut shell fragments suitable for radiocarbon dating within the fills of these features. Our funds restricted us to three dates to add to that acquired in 2007. We chose one piece of hazelnut shell coming from within a stake hole, one piece from within a pit, and one from the re-distributed ditch fill. That from the stake hole gave a modern date, suggesting that some of the features were from the recent cultivation. But the two others were very old: 9080±40 BP (Beta-288421, 8310–8250 cal BC) from the pit and 7900±40 BP (Beta-288420, 7020–6640 cal BC) from the re-distributed ditch fill. The older of these is now the earliest date for Mesolithic activity in western Scotland, being 500 years older than the previously earliest date coming from Kinloch, Rum (8590±95 Creit Dhu Trench 1 2006 © University of Reading BP, Wickham-Jones 1990). Indeed, it overlaps with the earliest and pay tribute to his sharp eyes and curiosity about the past dates from Daer Reservoir (9075±80BP BP, Ward 1998) and that discovered this most ancient site. Cramond (9260±60 BP, Lawson 2001) – the oldest dated sites Karen Wicks and Steven Mithen, University of Reading in Scotland. Creit Dhu Trench 1, 2010 © University of Reading Billy sadly died in December 2010, a few weeks before we References got the results of our radiocarbon dates. He would have been Lawson, J 2001 ‘Cramond, Edinburgh’, Discovery and Excavation in In the spring of 2000, Billy Smith dug over his back garden at the early Holocene woodlands on Mull including red deer, wild thrilled to know that he had discovered one of the oldest Scotland, 124. Creit Dhu, Isle of Mull, in preparation for planting potatoes. boar and a wide range of wildfowl and plant foods. So we had Mesolithic sites in Scotland. Without his support we would not Ward, T 1998 ‘Daer Reservoir 1, Crawford’, Discovery and Excavation The soil across most of his garden was heavy, brown and great expectations. have been able to undertake our excavations, nor had as much in Scotland, 128. claggy, which was arduous to dig, but in places his fork turned With Billy’s favourite rock music blaring from his house, we fun doing so. Our analyses of the stone artefacts and charcoal Wickham-Jones, C 1990 Rhum: Mesolithic and later sites at Kinloch, over a black, greasy soil speckled with little white stones. augured the garden to find where the black soil was located fragments recovered from the site are ongoing and we are Excavations 1984-86. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Billy recognised that these were not entirely natural – pieces and then dug a 17m x 1m test-trench traversing the whole now planning to return to Billy’s Garden in 2011 and 2012 to Monograph No. 7 of flint with sharp edges, some of which had evidently been garden and through the middle of a patch of this deposit. This complete our excavation. We will miss both Billy and his music deliberately shaped. With his two young sons he collected was shown to be the fill of a feature, which had been partly two buckets full of these stones, meticulously picking out even truncated by cultivation but had the lower half still undisturbed. the smallest pieces, before resuming the preparation of his Flints were found not only within this fill but also throughout vegetable plot. Five years later, on a bright afternoon in late the soil which had evidently had a long history of being turned November of 2005, we found ourselves in Billy’s kitchen over. By fine sieving we were able to extract a few fragments of rummaging through his buckets of flint and finding cores, charred hazelnut shell from undisturbed fill. We radiocarbon blades and microliths. We were excited because Billy had dated one of these to 7830±80 BP (Beta-221402), which found a Mesolithic site in his back garden, just what we were calibrates to 7030–6470 cal BC. In addition to the test-trench, interested in excavating on Mull as part of our Inner Hebrides Mesolithic Project. That project was just beginning, designed to undertake survey and excavation for Mesolithic sites on Tiree, Coll and north- west Mull. With work already started on Tiree and Coll, it wasn’t until the summer 2007 that we were able to return to Billy’s garden at Creit Dhu. By that time, Billy’s health was not so good and he had long since given up digging his garden. So we were faced with the task of clearing a mass of brambles, saplings, and bracken before we could open up a trench to investigate the site that Billy had found. Once the vegetation had been cleared, we could see that Billy’s garden was a lovely sheltered location, between two rocky outcrops, next to a small brook and just a couple of hundred metres from the estuary shore of Loch a’ Chumhainn. It was an ideal location for a Mesolithic campsite, providing ready access to the diverse coastal resources – molluscs, fish, otters, seals – and those of Clearing vegetation at Creit Dhu © University of Reading Loch a’ Chumhainn © University of Reading 10 RECENT FIELDWORK ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 COMMUNITY ARCHAEOLOGY 11 Recent Discoveries at Roman Inveresk Loch Hourn survey women, indicating that the bodies may have been bound prior Muir Trust. In March 2008 a smaller group took a cottage to deposition. Comparable impressive multiple burials are also at Arnisdale and spent the week on reconnaissance to see if known from elsewhere in East Lothian. completing the survey within one more season was practicable. The first Roman phase comprised a dispersed group of six We decided it was, and in April 2009 more or less the same burials. Four individuals had been buried with their skulls team who set out in 2002 completed the task, and put on a removed and placed elsewhere in the grave (for example, week long public exhibition of the survey results in the Ceilidh between the legs or behind the back). This decapitation almost Hall at Arnisdale. certainly took place after their deaths. All six burials were of The whole ten-year plus experience has been amazing for all men, and they all had some evidence for physical stress and involved. Large areas of hinterland have also been surveyed injury in their lives, including fractured ribs. A horse burial was during and between the main seasons. Eilean Rarsaidh near also found, although it remains possible that this belongs within Arnisdale has been surveyed. Volumes of historical reference the Iron Age phase. material have been amassed. Primary evidence of military activity here following Culloden has come to light. We have These are the first Roman period remains of this type to have End of day ‘what next’ discussion, part way through excavating a small early 19th-century maps full of detail. Nearly 1,100 sites been uncovered in Scotland. While decapitation consistently herring fishing bothy or store at Mhogh Sgeir, Inner Loch Hourn 2007 © have been discovered and surveyed by NOSAS to which can forms a small percentage of burials in 4th-century Roman Meryl Marshall be added 230 by RCAHMS. The NOSAS results have been England, these burials, if associated with the fort at Inveresk, published in five separate reports, most available on the SCAPE are a much earlier manifestation of this rite and are therefore of Loch Hourn is the fiord-like sea loch separating the Knoydart website. An omnibus cross-referenced report is in preparation some considerable importance. The purpose of the decapitation and Glenelg peninsulas. It is surrounded by mountains rising and the archive will be lodged in Inverness. The most common is uncertain, as is the status and origin of the men buried here, to 300m but is relatively shallow, and from the Sound of Sleat archaeological site type is ‘buildings’ at 271, followed by and it is possible that we are seeing a continuation of a local it runs 20 kilometres inland, dog-legged in plan with Inner shieling structures at 171. The ruins of 79 shoreline bothies and and Outer parts. The Inner Loch has four basins separated tradition or a tradition brought in with the fort’s inhabitants. stores all associated with cleared landing places were recorded by narrows. Loch Hourn has a number of small islands, two exclusively on the north shore of the Inner Loch. A cobble stone foundation with a clay capping represents the of which were once inhabited and one at Barisdale used for Minimal evidence of prehistoric settlement was found. Use of second phase of Roman activity. This is thought to be a military burials. The catchment has one of the highest rainfalls in the land around the loch in historic times on both sides appears rampart base, of which three sides of a rectangle were found. It Britain. The main settlements today are Arnisdale on the Outer to have begun as seasonal shieling grounds attached to distant Loch and Kinlochourn at the head of the Inner Loch. is of unknown use at present. This overlay some of the Iron Age farms. Development then passed though a phase of ‘summer pit burials. Since the early 1990s the writer and friends have been restoring farms’ with small areas of cultivation, to permanent unenclosed Finally, an extensive system of ditches was recorded overlying all the Victorian garden at Kinlochourn, overrun by Rhododendron settlements, then enclosed settlements, followed by clearance, of the other features and in places cutting through them. These ponticum, and in 1999 two of this group went pine cone vast sheep-runs, a few crofting townships, and sporting estates. ditches form small fields of a type typical of the Roman period, collecting half way down the Inner Loch, with a view to planting How far back in time fishing for the famed Sgaden Beag of and find parallels in other excavations around Inveresk. They a new native pine wood for the Millennium. Where we landed Loch Hourn went we may never know, but Pont certainly referred the boat that early spring day we discovered the remains of A Roman period burial under excavation – note the decapitated head relate to agricultural activities taking place around the fort and to it. two curious small stone built huts. A year later the writer chose between the legs © CFA Archaeology Ltd John Wombell, NOSAS civilian settlement. 2 square kilometres at Kinlochourn to prospect for part of the Some of the most exciting Roman discoveries from Scotland in Post-excavation analysis of the finds and site data will be soon Aberdeen Field Archaeology Course. A hundred unrecorded Huge thanks go to Historic Scotland for financial support throughout, recent years, and some unexpected Iron Age and Mesolithic be starting, and will provide more insights into this fascinating sites came to light including a concentration of intriguing small to SCAPE, to all the landowners, and to the present day Loch Hourn discoveries, have been made by CFA Archaeology Ltd during an site. huts scattered along the north shore. community. excavation in advance of the construction of a new Primary Care Melanie Johnson and Magnus Kirby, CFA Archaeology Ltd By now a member of the North of Scotland Archaeological Centre at the former Brunton Wireworks in Musselburgh. Society (NOSAS), the writer sold the society the idea of The excavation and post-excavation work is funded by NHS Lothian and The excavation site lay below the terrace upon which Inveresk undertaking a methodical survey of the north shore. NOSAS the excavation was carried out with the assistance of Dawn Construction Roman Fort sits overlooking the River Esk. Inveresk Fort was in was formed in 1998 by the first twelve students to complete the a highly significant strategic position and formed part of the Aberdeen course and now has 100 members from all walks of Roman frontier in Scotland during the 2nd century AD. In close life, including professional archaeologists. proximity to the fort lies an extensive vicus or civilian settlement. The first NOSAS survey at Kinlochourn was programmed for A number of excavations over the years have provided us with 2001 but the Foot and Mouth outbreak put it back to spring important information on this settlement and its associated 2002. A team of twelve stayed the week at Kinlochourn and field systems. The excavations at the Musselburgh Primary Care completed the survey of 6 kilometres of the north shore, realising that we had discovered substantial evidence of the Centre have added considerably to this knowledge. long forgotten West Coast Herring fishing industry. Travelling Five principal phases of activity have been recorded, dating to out by launch to drop off points, plus a safety and transfer the Mesolithic, Iron Age, and three phases of Roman use. boat plying hither and thither it was quite a logistical exercise. A lithic scatter, consisting of thousands of worked lithics, dating Returning in 2004, now teamed up with SCAPE, the south shore primarily from the Mesolithic with smaller quantities of Neolithic was surveyed to include Barisdale and the burial isle. In 2006 the north shore survey was extended to Arnisdale and the fishing material, was discovered on the site. The artefacts appeared to stations at Mhogh Sgeir and Skiary were recorded in greater have been deposited into a former water channel or boggy area detail. In 2007 we returned for a final season at Kinlochourn and no associated structures have been found. to undertake evaluation excavations and measured drawing of Four Iron Age pit graves were excavated. Two of the burials more fishing-related remains. Plan of the island of Eilean Rarsaidh in the Outer Loch which is centred on contained two individuals, one contained a single individual, Having reached Barisdale and Arnisdale on the Outer Loch, NG 8125 1162. The island measures c.500m E–W by 250m N–S, and while one only had some tooth enamel surviving. The single could we consider surveying the remaining part of the Outer lies just 150m off the mainland. We undertook a detailed walkover survey (adult male) burial had an iron brooch deposited with the body. Loch? RCAHMS had previously surveyed a few kilometres of of the whole island in 2009, recording all of the ruined structures and One of the double burials was within a substantial circular stone A stone-lined Iron Age burial pit containing the remains of two the south shore west of Barisdale back in 1992 for the John extensive cultivation remains. © NOSAS cist; the remains consisted of two very tightly crouched young individuals © CFA Archaeology Ltd 12 BOOKS ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 NEWS 13 Book Reviews Archaeology Scotland News Shifting Sands. Links of information on the methodology the background to this study is a Membership NMS experts give lectures to local societies their awareness of resources and use of and archaeological fieldwork, completely new type of survey: around the country; as well as devising a archaeology. Noltland, Westray: Interim As I write for this issue I am focussing my and important preliminary instead of a brief visit by a team series of great in-house events at the National Our education and outreach work continues mind on lovely summer days and think back Report on Neolithic and results of specialist analyses on of independent experts working Museum itself. to go from strength to strength with lots of to the spectacular weather we saw around Bronze Age Excavations, the artefacts, archaeobotanical in isolation, Bute enjoyed the This year we’re delighted to tell you that, interest in the Volunteer Outreach Project Easter. I believe a lot of us will be getting remains and buried soils. These prolonged presence of a variety thanks to the kind support of National Trust from schools across the Lothians. We 2007–09 out and about: volunteering at a dig, or are well-illustrated throughout and of RCAHMS staff undertaking a for Scotland and the BBC, Archaeology have recently formed some exciting new just enjoying the landscape, meeting and Hazel Moore and Graeme Wilson the volume provides a valuable complete record revision of the Scotland will be holding a launch for relationships with local groups and look reference for researchers. island’s archaeological sites within making new friends. The perfect opportunity In 2010, Historic Scotland and Scottish Archaeology Month at Newhailes, forward to working in partnership with them a larger project, the Discover Bute for you to introduce Archaeology Scotland Orkney College UHI hosted The archaeological remains Musselburgh. In the spirit of SAM, the launch over the summer. Funding for this project is Landscape Partnership Scheme. to those you meet and to take advantage of a Symposium in Kirkwall to are truly outstanding: over a will have hands-on events, re-enactments now drawing to a close, but we are putting dozen Neolithic and Bronze Age The emphasis was on working the membership promotion launched in the showcase the past decade’s (in the shape of a Viking encampment) together a new idea for a project called buildings, including one with with the community, particularly last magazine and still ongoing, thanks to research on Neolithic Orkney. The and a community excavation. We’ll even Heritage Heroes which will build in what we inverted cattle skulls built into its the Buteshire Natural History RCAHMS 2010. £7.50 our sponsors Glenmorangie Whisky Co and result was two days of talks on have a mini ‘dig box’ excavation for the have learned in working with the outreach walls, and a wealth of artefacts (and Antiquarian) Society, and booklet that introduces the reader Border Biscuits Limited. Please also remember a staggering number of projects NTS Nature Nippers who are too wee for project and will hopefully bring together including well-preserved bone so everywhere the RCAHMS has to the wonderful discovery of a that we offer our ‘Gift Membership’ for any across the archipelago, most of the trenches! It should be a great day so younger and older people at local sites. and worked bone assemblages. gone, local people went with them, Bronze Age logboat in the Tay occasion throughout the year – fully gift which are as yet unpublished. It we hope as many of you as possible can is commendable therefore that The site’s exceptional nature contributing their knowledge and Estuary in 2001. Written by David wrapped and delivered directly to the receiver We are also nearing completion of our new expertise and helping to increase come along and those who can’t make it the preliminary results from the was underlined by the discovery Strachan, Principal Archaeologist on request. For further details, please check forensic archaeology resource, which has the number of recorded sites from should find something closer to home on the 2007–09 seasons of excavation in 2009 of the ‘Orkney Venus’ at Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust, the website at www.archaeologyscotland.org. been developed in conjunction with Historic 525 to over 900. In return the Scottish Archaeology Month website: www. at the Links of Noltland, Westray, (known locally as the ‘Westray the booklet begins by outlining the uk or call me on 0845 872 3333. Scotland and students working towards have recently been published by Wifie’), a miniature sandstone Commission staff provided training discovery, arduous excavation and scottisharchaeologymonth.org.uk their HND in model making at Glasgow in recognition and recording of One of the benefits of membership is Historic Scotland as a 123-page figurine – the oldest known human conservation of the vessel. This It’s just left to say thank you to all our SAM Metropolitan College. The HND students sites. Bute people have had a attendance the Archaeology Scotland volume entitled Shifting Sands. representation in Scotland. process established the boat was Event Organisers. Last year we saw an all-time have produced some fantastic interactive unique opportunity to learn more Members’ Day and we are delighted to The title refers to the deflated dune At times, Shifting Sands’ descriptive not only one of the oldest logboats high of over 1500 separate activities which models based on the Stirling knight. We will about their archaeology; but the announce that this will take place on Saturday system of the Links of Noltland, and formulaic reporting seems far ever discovered in Scotland, but attracted around 45,000 people all over now incorporate these models into an exciting Commission’s aims go further: 8 October 2011 in St Andrews. Further details where a complex of prehistoric removed from the exciting nature also one of the best preserved Scotland. The success of Scottish Archaeology hands-on session that will really bring the they wish to encourage local and invitations will be sent out prior to the structures is being brutally exposed of these discoveries, but this is only ever found in the British Isles. The Month is due to the dedication of the people knight’s story and the medieval period to life. an interim report. Hopefully the people to carry on archaeological event. As always it will include lectures and by coastal erosion. Although the bulk of the booklet addresses the who give of their time and expertise with such final publication will exploit the full survey and research and to set production of a replica logboat a guided walk of the town, as well as the Archaeology Scotland reached adult learners existence of a Skara Brae-style generosity and enthusiasm. Your contribution interpretive potential of the Links priorities for future work. So the that was inspired by the discovery. more formal business of the AGM. Members through our Scotland-wide lecture series, settlement was posited in the is most appreciated! and integrate its results with those book features numerous hints and PKHT and the Scottish Crannog are encouraged to attend and take the which was offered to our member heritage 19th century after the discovery of suggestions about areas where Grooved Ware and Skaill knives, from other ongoing excavations Centre built a replica vessel in opportunity to voice concerns, raise issues, Mags McCartney, SAM Co-ordinator organisations and institutions. Since January, in Orkney, both in the World more work might be undertaken: 2009 using tools that would have five lectures have been presented to audiences it was not until the late 1970s and excavating hut-circles, surveying elect new members of the Board of Trustees, David Clarke’s excavations that Heritage Site and elsewhere. Until been available during the Bronze meet other members and Archaeology Education & Outreach in Edinburgh, Dunbeath, Cumbernauld, Perth then, it is wonderful to be able caves and rock-shelters, or Age, and the booklet provides and Rothesay. In addition, we’re currently the site’s extent and importance archival research into the date of Scotland staff. I am looking forward to We would like to introduce our new Education was recognised. Unfortunately, to get an insight into this work- extensive step-by-step instructions meeting our new members and reacquainting conducting research to understand what adult in-progress and the editors and charcoal-burning platforms. on how one could go from felling Officer, Catherine Knops. Catherine comes those initial excavations remain myself with some of our longer standing ones. to us form the National Galleries of Scotland learning courses are available in Scotland unpublished over 30 years later. contributors to this volume should RCAHMS did not completely the tree all the way through to a and what courses adult learners would like to So here’s hoping for bright summer months and has a background in Heritage Education, be congratulated on this useful abandon its traditional role while completed vessel. The booklet is see. We would like to invite you to take our Since 2000, Historic Scotland on Bute. New plans of number of ahead and don’t forget the sun cream, hat with a Masters in the subject and extensive and timely publication. enhanced by an excellent array short survey, which is in the education/lifelong has funded a series of surveys sites have been produced for the and umbrella depending on what the Scottish experience in delivering education activities in and rescue excavations on the Review by Antonia Thomas of photographs and illustrations learning section on our website. book, from a re-interpretation of throughout, showing both the weather decides to throw at us! various museums across the UK. Catherine site, leading to the identification If you want to find out more about the The Archaeological Dun Scalpsie to the little-known excavation and conservation of Tina Smith, Membership & Office will be working on a number of initiatives of over a dozen well-preserved Kilchousland Chapel and one of educational resources Archaeology Scotland Landscape of Bute the Carpow logboat, and the tools Administrator and her remit will be to build upon the solid prehistoric structures with the salt pan houses at Ascog. can offer, please visit the education and associated field systems and used and steps taken to replicate foundations which Meg Faragher laid in George Geddes and Alex Hale outreach pages on our website at www. middens. The devastating effects The Archaeological Landscape the boat. These nicely bring to Scottish Archaeology Month promoting the use of archaeology in the In the beginning were the archaeologyscotland.org.uk of coastal erosion in Orkney are of Bute embodies the classic life the processes that would have curriculum and the classroom through raising Inventories: large, handsome Scottish Archaeology Month will soon be here certainly writ large at the Links virtues of the Royal Commission’s been carried out by Bronze Age awareness amongst teachers. In addition, Our formal support for the Young volumes in which His or Her and the programme is already shaping up to and the site’s exposed location work: beautifully produced and peoples to create such a vessel Catherine will also work in partnership Archaeologists’ Club has drawn to a close Majesty’s Commissioners be one of the best yet. SAM favourites such means that the team, led by Hazel illustrated with stunning aerial and highlights just how much effort with other organisations to develop their with the winding up of the three-year Historic undertook to list all the ‘Historic as the East Lothian Archaeology and Local Moore and Graeme Wilson of photographs, new site plans and would have gone into building archaeology learning provision as well as Monuments and Constructions’ Scotland supported post. We will continue EASE Archaeology have toiled in material from many other sources, the boat. Particularly beneficial History Fortnight and the always fabulous developing further Archaeology Scotland of Scotland up to the year 1707, to support the CBA’s activities, including conditions which are extremely clearly and succinctly written, to the reader is the care taken Dumfries and Galloway SAM programme resources, such as new artefact investigation and even some later ones deemed YAC where at all possible and groups can challenging, even by Orcadian generous in its acknowledgement to show scale in the illustrations. are being joined by the celebrated Perthshire kits and downloadable online resources ‘worthy of mention’. As the scope of earlier archaeological work. Fascinating facts garnered during still continue to contact us for use of our standards. Shifting Sands contains Archaeology Month which has moved from for teachers to use in the classroom and of RCAHMS’s work expanded and In trying to reach the widest the excavation of the Carpow boat resources, such as artefact investigation kits. a background to this site, June to September to be part of SAM. We’re will continue to promote and develop SAM the Inventories grew ever larger possible readership it occasionally and the building of the replica Catherine Knops, Education Officer; Ruth also delighted that National Museums for Schools! We are currently carrying and more expensive – and with encounters the problem of judging provide a wonderful insight into Bordoli, Outreach Officer; Rebecca Boyde, Scotland has kindly offered to take part again out a survey amongst teachers to gauge only half the country covered by how much prior knowledge to how important these vessels would in our popular SAM Lecture Series, in which Adult Learning Tutor and Researcher the end of the 20th century – it take for granted; thus the writers have been to Bronze Age society. A was clear that a new approach have felt it necessary to define final chapter in the booklet places was needed. And with the a chambered tomb and a burnt the boat into context looking at the publication of The Archaeological mound, but not, for example, a environment and society in which Other News Landscape of Bute we see the spacer-plate necklace or a Food it would have been used. This result of several new approaches. Vessel. But this a trivial criticism chapter would have serviced the Out with the old GUARD, in beginning of 2011. Formed by many staff of Borders, the excavation of a prehistoric pit This little book is only 53 pages of a gem of a book, highly reader better if it had been placed the former GUARD, the new company, which complex in the western highlands and the long and uses a smaller format recommended and an absolute at the front of the booklet rather with the new... has been trading since 1 January 2011, offers discovery and recording of an early distillery bargain at £7.50. than the rear, where it is more than the Inventories. It does Following on from the University of Glasgow’s a similar range of expertise as its predecessor site in Kintyre, GUARD Archaeology Ltd not set out to be an Inventory, Review by Susan Hothersall likely to be overlooked. Overall, and intends to continue providing services has got off to a cracking start”, said John but rather an overview of the this is a well-written, insightful decision to cease operating Glasgow throughout Scotland and elsewhere within the Atkinson, GUARD’s Managing Director. “We island’s archaeological character. The Carpow Logboat introduction to the subject that University Archaeological Research Division UK (www.guard-archaeology.co.uk). are currently as busy as we have ever been The text is divided into short David Strachan steers the reader towards wanting (GUARD) on 31 December 2010, a new chapters with a distribution map to learn more. independent trading company, GUARD “With the discovery and excavation of a and have taken on new staff to undertake a Historic Scotland Archaeology Report An accessible, and fascinating No 4. £12.95 of sites from each period. But Review by Mhairi Hastie Archaeology Limited, was launched at the Bronze Age cairn and timber circle in the growing number of contracts.” 14 NEWS ISSUE 11 SUMMER 2011 FORM 15 From the Director

young people with additional support needs, participating groups. Whether a community Instruction to your for whom our hands-on approach enhances group wishes to improve the access, condition, their learning experiences enormously. Scottish or interpretation of a site, or simply to raise bank or building society Archaeology Month reaches out to many awareness of its importance, Adopt-a- thousands more across Scotland through our Monument will provide the professional advice to pay by Direct Debit annual free programme of events. and hands-on assistance needed to make it We have been providing support for teachers happen. Over the next five years, with your Please fill in the whole formhere using a ball point pen and send it to: in the difficult transition to the new curriculum support, we will help to save and improve forty Archaeology Scotland through running workshops, offering teacher local sites (many of which will be of national Suite 1a significance and importance) for the future training events and providing free artefact Stuart House investigation kits and on-line resources. Giving benefit of all. teachers the confidence to use archaeology in Fifteen outreach projects with disadvantaged Eskmills and outside the classroom is much needed, groups will also be part of Adopt-a- Station Road but so too is giving local people who are Monument. One example is our Playing the Musselburgh interested in local sites the confidence to share Past project which will inspire young people Service user number EH21 7PB their enthusiasm and passion for archaeology to investigate the history and physical evidence with young people. Our new Heritage Heroes of Edinburgh’s old football grounds by taking 7 0 6 3 8 1 project will bring together intergenerational on the role of a ‘building detective’ and opportunities at local sites. learning how to interpret signs of change. Name(s) of account holder(s) Reference

We are delighted to be re-launching our The project will culminate in an exhibition of Adopt-a-Monument project thanks to funding findings celebrating the old grounds and will from the Heritage Lottery Fund, Historic be supported by an information booklet and on-line exhibition. The information gathered Instruction to your bank or building society Scotland and LEADER. Adopt-a-Monument Please pay Archaeology Scotland Direct Debits from the account I hope you have enjoyed this issue of the was first tested out in the 90s, with limited will add to local knowledge and the national Bank/building society account number detailed in this Instruction subject to the safeguards assured by the Archaeology Scotland magazine and that success due to lack of dedicated staff, and records also. Our partners in this project are Direct Debit Guarantee. I understand that this Instruction may remain you might consider ‘re-cycling’ it to a friend new guidance for local groups was developed the Spartans Community Football Academy with Archaeology Scotland and, if so, details will be passed electronically or neighbour who is not currently a member, recently with twelve projects supported during and Edinburgh Airport Community Fund. to my bank/building society. or donating it to the Dentists’ waiting room If you are interested in finding our more or a pilot phase. Branch sort code even, so that others might read about what supporting this particular project, you can do Adopt-a-Monument is a grassroots community happening in Scottish archaeology. so through the Big Give (go to http://www. archaeology programme to help local groups Why do we need to encourage more members thebiggive.org.uk/ and search for Playing the take on projects which conserve, enhance, Past). I hope this has given a flavour of why and why do we continue to need voluntary interpret and make accessible sites and Name and full postal address of your bank or building society sector organisations like Archaeology we are still needed and why we still need your To: The Manager Bank/building society monuments that are important locally. With support. Scotland, you may ask. Times are tough and the aim of supporting as wide a range of we need to grow our membership to support community projects and different sites as Thanks for your time and your interest. Address Signature(s) our activities but with so many excavations, possible, we will act as a facilitator, providing Eila Macqueen, Director. pieces of research, community projects and information, advice and reassurance to new discoveries across Scotland, what exactly does your membership support? Postcode Date The extent of our archaeological heritage that is unprotected and uncared for in Scotland may not be immediately obvious. Over 90% of sites are not covered by state protection of any kind and many of the sites that are Scheduled Banks and building societies may not accept Direct Debit Instructions for some types of account Monuments are in need of some attention. This is where we (including you) come in! DDI2 We meet with the politicians and decision- makers on your behalf to raise awareness of the need for locally-based expertise and to This guarantee should be detached and retained by the payer. communicate to them the value of our historic environment to education, the economy, for skills development and to our quality of life in general. Although the recent Historic Environment Bill failed to take on our ‘asks’, The we succeeded in getting issues supported, debated and discussed. Our lobbying work Direct Debit continues with looking at local governance issues and influencing how local authorities deliver local outcomes that benefit the historic Guarantee environment. We are not alone here, but work closely with other partners with similar aims This Guarantee is offered by all banks and building societies that accept instructions to pay Direct Debits and objectives. If there are any changes to the amount, date or frequency of your Direct Debit Archaeology Scotland will notify you ten working On a more practical level our projects raise days in advance of your account being debited or as otherwise agreed. If you request Archaeology Scotland to collect a awareness of archaeology which is vital for payment, confirmation of the amount and date will be given to you at the time of the request. ensuring people value what archaeologists If an error is made in the payment of your Direct Debit by Archaeology Scotland or your bank or building society you are do and we have a policy of being as socially entitled to a full and immediate refund of the amount paid from your bank or building society inclusive as we can be. Our educational – If you receive a refund you are not entitled to, you must pay it back when Archaeology Scotland asks you to activities reach hundreds of school students View from Behind: Archaeology Scotland’s Adopt-a-Monument project hard at work at Kildavie. © You can cancel a Direct Debit at any time by simply contacting your bank or building society. Written confirmation may be each year including a growing number of Suzanne Patterson. required. Please also notify us.

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