Contemporary Productions of Spanish Golden Age Drama in Great Britain and Spain
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CONTEMPORARY PRODUCTIONS OF SPANISH GOLDEN AGE DRAMA IN GREAT BRITAIN AND SPAIN by JANINE ANN KEHLENBACH B.A., University of Colorado, 1995 M.A., Saint Louis University, Madrid, 2001 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Theatre and Dance 2011 This thesis entitled: Productions of Spanish Golden Age Drama in Great Britain and Spain written by Janine Ann Kehlenbach has been approved for the Department of Theatre and Dance Dr. Oliver Gerland Dr. James Symons Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ""! Kehlenbach, Janine Ann (Ph.D., Theatre and Dance) Contemporary Productions of Spanish Golden Age Drama in Great Britain and Spain Thesis directed by Professor Oliver Gerland Abstract Spanish Golden Age Drama is mostly studied in language departments where it is treated as literature to be read. Few scholars have studied Spanish Golden Age drama in contemporary performance. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare contemporary productions of works by Spanish Golden Age dramatists in Spain and England. In 1986 the Compañía Nacional de Teatro Clásico (CNTC) was formed in Madrid with the express purpose of staging plays of the Spanish Golden Age. In the first half of the dissertation, I examine three recent productions directed by the CNTC’s current head, Eduardo Vasco: La estrella de Sevilla (The Star of Seville, Lope de Vega?), El pintor de su deshonra (The Painter of His Own Dishonor, Calderon de la Barca), and El Alcalde de Zalamea (The Mayor of Zalamea, Calderon). In 2004, led by renowned director Laurence Boswell, the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) staged a Spanish Golden Age season in English; in the second half of the dissertation, I examine the RSC productions of El perro del hortelano (The Dog in the Manger, Lope), Las casa de desempeños (The House of Desires, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz) and Pedro de Urdemales (Pedro the Great Pretender, Miguel de Cervantes). My objective is to analyze the dramatic texts in terms of contemporary production challenges, and to compare the production styles of the CNTC and the RSC. Two distinct production approaches emerge. The work of Vasco tends to emphasize a directorial concept that aims to make the plays relevant to contemporary audiences while the work by Boswell and his ! """! colleagues, building on the RSC’s tradition of training actors to speak verse, focuses more closely on the text and the creation of emotionally compelling characters. ! "#! Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: Introduction....................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO: In the Land of the Misfits: Estrella de Sevilla................................20 Lope de Vega.......................................................................................................22 Play synopsis.......................................................................................................27 Textual analysis...................................................................................................31 Production analysis..............................................................................................45 Conclusion...........................................................................................................60 CHAPTER THREE: Calderon's Juan Roca and His Internal Fight with Honor.............62 Calderón de la Barca............................................................................................64 Play synopsis........................................................................................................65 Textual analysis....................................................................................................68 Production analysis...............................................................................................81 Conclusion............................................................................................................91 CHAPTER FOUR: The Emergence of a New Honor Code in El Alcalde de Zalamea...94 Play synopsis.........................................................................................................96 Textual analysis...................................................................................................103 Production analysis..............................................................................................112 Conclusion...........................................................................................................123 CHAPTER FIVE: A Monumental Task at Hand: The RSC's Revival of the Spanish Golden Age........................................................................................127 Leading up to the RSC Season.............................................................................129 A pioneer for the Spanish Golden Age in English: Laurence Boswell...............131 Translation and Adaptation..................................................................................146 CHAPTER SIX: The Power of Language and Love in Lope's The Dog in the Manger155 Play synopsis.......................................................................................................157 Textual analysis...................................................................................................163 Production analysis..............................................................................................171 Conclusion...........................................................................................................188 CHAPTER SEVEN: Meta-theatrical Conventions: Creating Space for Sor Juana's Voice Then and Now..............................................................................190 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.....................................................................................192 Play synopsis........................................................................................................195 ! #! Textual analysis...................................................................................................201 Production analysis..............................................................................................214 Conclusion...........................................................................................................232 CHAPTER EIGHT: Exploring the Marvels of Theatre in Cervantes' Pedro the Great Pretender.........................................................................................234 Miguel de Cervantes............................................................................................236 Play synopsis.......................................................................................................237 Pedro and acting...................................................................................................242 Production analysis..............................................................................................247 Conclusion...........................................................................................................262 CHAPTER NINE: Conclusion.......................................................................................265 WORKS CITED..............................................................................................................280 ! ! #"! ! "! Contemporary Productions of Spanish Golden Age Drama in Great Britain and Spain Introduction I remember quite vividly my first experience in Spain in 1992. The constant bustle on the streets and sidewalks, my first taste of sangría, the smell of chorizo and Spanish tortilla in the busy cafés, the old stone buildings and palaces and the animated and energetic demeanor of the people reeled me in; I had never experienced a place so vibrant and theatrical. Madrid is akin to a live theatre event in motion. As I began to study literature, painting and Spanish music, my fascination only grew. The Museo Prado exhibits some of the most talented and vital Spanish painters of all time, including Diego Velázquez. Velázquez was a well-known painter of the 17th century and worked at the same time that Spain was developing its Golden Age of drama led by Lope de Vega and supported by Cervantes, Tirso de Molina, and Calderón de la Barca. Velázquez’s paintings provide a very "theatrical" view of Spanish people. The canvases convey heightened emotions, and feature expressive faces and a wide-ranging view of life. It was my respect for Velázquez’s work, along with the works of El Greco and later Goya, Picasso and Dalí, that spurred my interest in Spanish theatre, especially that of the Golden Age. A culture that produced such excellence in the visual arts must have produced comparably talented theatre artists and yet many theatre scholars dismiss Spanish Golden Age theatre and literature. Consider the following statement in the History of The Theatre by Oscar G. Brockett and Franklin J. Hildy about Golden Age ! ! #! drama: "Its preoccupation with a narrow code of honor and failure to probe deeply into human destiny are limitations which make it less universal than the best English work. Nevertheless, many of the plays were widely known and imitated outside of Spain, and at home they established a lasting standard"