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Spatial Transformations of the Waterfront – As an Urban Frontier Case Study: Durrës a Port City a Thesis Submitted to the Gr

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Spatial Transformations of the Waterfront – As an Urban Frontier Case Study: Durrës a Port City a Thesis Submitted to the Gr SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE WATERFRONT – AS AN URBAN FRONTIER CASE STUDY: DURRËS A PORT CITY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY VALBONA KOÇİ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN DESIGN DECEMBER 2005 Approval of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Prof. Dr. Canan Őzgen Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science Prof. Dr. Ali Tűrel Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science Assoc.Prof.Dr. Baykan Gűnay Assoc.Prof.Dr. Gűven A. Sargın Co-Supervisor Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assoc.Prof.Dr. Baykan Gűnay (METU,CP) Assoc.Prof.Dr. Gűven A. Sargın (METU,ARCH) Assist.Prof.Dr. Adnan Barlas (METU,CP) Assist.Prof.Dr. Burcu Erciyas (METU,CP) Inst.Dr. Namık Erkal (METU,ARCH) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Signature : iii ABSTRACT SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE WATERFRONT – AS AN URBAN FRONTIER CASE STUDY: DURRËS A PORT CITY Koçi, Valbona M.S., Urban Design, Department of City Planning Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güven A. Sargın Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay December 2005, 137 pages This thesis explores the spatial transformations of the waterfront –an urban frontier - of Durrës port city in Albania, within a predefined timeframe: before, during and after socialism. Within this framework, a special concern of the thesis is the examination of the impact of political, social and economic actors, as well as the morphological and geographic conditions, which occur when transforming the urban space and environment. Thus, the work is constructed on the basis of cause (urban process) – effect (physical change) relation, within a particular period of time. The aim of the study is to understand how space was (re)produced, used and transformed in three different and consecutive systems: pre-socialist, socialist and post-socialist one; and the relations set among actors involved in these process, by making a descriptive and comparative spatial analysis utilizing the constituting physical - programmatic elements of the waterfront as the essential tools of the examination. Along with the information on space production process inherent of three political systems, concentrating the attention on the waterfront as an important iv element of the urban structure; this work will bring some understanding on subjects related to the actual spatial transformations occurring in the city and it social space. Finally, by affirming the waterfront as an edge condition, the notion of ‘edge’ and its meaning in the socialist and post-socialist city will be elaborated. Keywords: Waterfront, Edge, Urban Frontier, Port-city, Socialist and Post-socialist City, Spatial Transformation v ÖZ KIYI BÖLGESİNİN MEKANSAL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ- BİR KENTSEL UÇ-BÖLGE ÖRNEK ALAN ÇALIŞMASI: DURRËS LİMAN KENTİ Koçi, Valbona Yüksek Lisans, Şehir Planlama Bölümü, Kentsel Tasarım Tez Yöneticisi: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güven A. Sargın Ortak Tez Yöneticisi: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay Aralık 2005, 137 sayfa Bu tezde, Arnavutluk’taki Durrës liman kentinin kıyı bölgesinin –kent ön-bölgesi- mekansal dönüşümü önceden tanımlanmış zaman dilimi içerisinde araştırılmaktadır: sosyalizm öncesi, dönemi ve sonrası. Bu çerçevede, tezin temel ilgi alanı, kentsel mekan ve çevrenin dönüşümünde morfolojik ve coğrafik koşullar kadar yer alan politik, sosyal ve ekonomik aktörlerin incelenmesidir. Böylece çalışma, belirli bir dönem içerisinde neden (kentsel süreç)- sonuç (fiziksel değişim) ilişkisi üzerine kurgulanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, mekanın farklı ve ardıl üç sistem –sosyalizm öncesi, sosyalizm içerisinde ve sosyalizm sonrası) süresince nasıl (yeniden) üretildiğinin, sürece dahil olan aktörler arası kurulan ilşkilerin; betimsel ve karşılaştırmalı bir mekansal çözümleme ile, kıyının fiziksel-programatik unsurlarının gereken sorgulama araçları olarak kullanılması ile anlaşılmasıdır. Üç politik sistemin mekan üretim süreci üzerine olan bilgi ve ilgiyi kentsel yapının önemli bir öğesi olan kıyı alanına yoğunlaştırılması ile bu çalışma, kentte ve sosyal mekanda olan gerçek mekansal dönüşümler üzerine bir kavrayış ortaya koymaktadır. vi Sonunda, kentsel su kenarı alanlarının bir kıyı durumu olarak sunulması ile ‘kıyı’ fikri ve onun sosyalist / sosyalizm sonrası kentteki anlamının üzerinde durulmaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Kıyı bölgesi, Kent uç-bölgesi, liman kenti, Sosyalist ve Post- Sosyalist Kent, Mekansal Dönüşüm vii To them who love the sea and believe in its supreme power to change… viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis developed during a crucial and exhilarating period, when I was having a study and work experience in-between Turkey and Albania. The scope of the thesis was broad and challenging. It necessitated the involvement of ideas regarding various subjects that I was fortunate to encounter in the Faculty of Architecture in METU, and the utilization of tools and materials that I was happy to find in my country. I am therefore indebted to many persons who have contributed to the completion of this project. I greatly appreciate the contribution and critiques that all members of the thesis committee generously supplied during my research. First, I would like to sincerely express my gratefulness to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gűven A. Sargın, for his most precious guidance, his bright ideas and insight about the social aspect of architecture, his enthusiasm and conviction in the relevancy of the subject of inquiry, his commitment to the task of thesis supervisor, which brought this study to the point of fulfilling its requirements; then I would like to respectfully express my gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay, for his ingenious intuition of understanding the sense of place and his extensive experience and knowledge transmitted in the most fascinating way. During my graduate studies, they have been among the influential figures that have broadened my perspective on architecture and urban design; being their student was my greatest satisfaction, honor and privilege. Truthful thanks go to Assist.Prof.Dr. Adnan Barlas for his support and helpful suggestions, which add great significance to the theoretical framework of the thesis. The technical assistance of Assist.Prof.Dr. Burcu Erciyas is gratefully acknowledged. I owe particular debt to Inst.Dr. Namık Erkal for lecturing the ‘Seminar on Architecture of Urban Frontier’, whose syllabus set the basis of thesis conceptual framework, and for his scholarly contributions since the beginnings of my undergraduate studies. Special gratefulness is expressed to the Mayor Edi Rama, for his affirmative attitude towards the study and especially for giving me the opportunity to work in the Urban Planning Office, in Tirana Municipality, among people who deal with the challenging issues of urban development. Best regards to my colleagues, whom is a great pleasure working with! I have to thank all those, whose technical support in finding and accessing the necessary graphical ix material related to the study was indispensable: Gjergj Papavasili for being experienced and irreplaceable; Marita Tollkuçi and Violeta Liko for kindly providing with valuable information from the archives (AQTN&ISPU); Odise Zoto and Daniel Gjoni for making available material of their own library. I hope my friends and colleagues Valentin Stanaj, Red Dhimitri and Genc Selenica accept my gratitude, as well. I am eternally grateful to my dear parents, especially to my mother for her sweet tenderness and strength, which have always been the utmost support. I am also indebted to my uncle Refik Salliu for sustaining me throughout my education. My brother Klajdi and his housemates Erind Rroko, Maks Trungu and Valdet Tairi deserve special thanks for being so kind to host me at their place and making the last hard days of my graduation colorful. Certainly, many thanks go to my friends whose support has been endless, true and very significant. I am grateful to Migena Buka for her enduring enthusiasm, to Adelina Greca, Arta Dollani, Dorian Tytymçe for their encouragement and particularly to Altin Gagani for his impressive speeches. I sincerely thank Rezarta Hastopalli, Dorina Guni, Dorina Nikolla and Bruna Pali for their kindness and willingness to help. I really appreciate the friendly and precious assistance of Olgu Çalışkan. Ultimately, I express my gratitude to Bart Melort for his tireless support, views and valuable suggestions; and for being an infinite source of strength and inspiration. x TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM……………………………………………………………………….iii ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………iv ÖZ……………………………………………………………………………………vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………...ix TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………xi LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………............xiv LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………xv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION……….…………………………………………………….....1 1.1 Scope of the Study……………………………………..……………………2 1.2 Method of the Study………………………………………………………...3 2. WATER CITY CONFRONTATION AND THE WATERFRONT AS AN ELEMENT OF THE URBAN FORM …………………………………………...6 2.1 Water-land.
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