State of the Library and Information Science Blogosphere After Social Networks Boom: a Metric Approach 1
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State of the Library and Information Science Blogosphere after Social Networks Boom: a Metric Approach 1 State of the Library and Information Science Blogosphere after Social Networks Boom: a Metric Approach Daniel Torres-Salinas*, Álvaro Cabezas-Clavijo*, Rafael Ruiz-Pérez*, Emilio Delgado López-Cózar*. State of the Library and Information Science blogosphere after social networks boom: a metric approach . Library and Information Science Research , vol. 33. n.2 (2011) [IN PRESS] *GRUPO EVALUACIÓN DE LA CIENCIA Y LA COMUNICACIÓN CIENTÍFICA – EC3 UNIVERSIDADES DE GRANADA Y NAVARRA (SPAIN) http://ec3.ugr.es/ Abstract : A metric analysis of blogs on library and information science (LIS) between November 2006 and June 2009 indexed on the Libworm search engine is presented with a view to characterizing the community’s behavior quantitatively. An analysis of 1,108 personal and corporate blogs with a total of 275,103 posts is performed, calculating the blogs’ survival rate, production – number of posts published-, and visibility via such indicators as links received, Technorati Authority and Google’s PageRank. Over the study period, from 2006 to 2009, there was a 52% decrease in the number of active blogs. Despite the drop in production over this period, the average number of posts per blog remained constant, with an average of 14 posts per month. Finally, the most representative blogs in the discipline are identified. The effect of the emergence of such platforms as Facebook and Twitter on LIS blogs is discussed. The differences between personal and corporate blogs are also described in terms of their productive behavior and their repercussions on the blogosphere. Finally, it is concluded that blogs as a phenomenon have lost a great deal of their prominence . DOI: 10.1016/j.lisr.2010.08.001 AVAILABLE AT SCIENCE DIRECT: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188 NOTICE : this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Library and Information Science Research . Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Library and Information Science Research, vol. 33, n. 2 (2011). State of the Library and Information Science Blogosphere after Social Networks Boom: a Metric Approach 2 1. Introduction Weblogs also referred to as blogs, are a phenomenon on the Internet that surged in the first decade of the century (Nardi, Schiano, Gumbrecht, & Swartz, 2004). They belong to the so called web 2.0 or social web and have been consolidated as one of its pillars. The social web consists of a number of online tools and platforms where people share their perspectives, opinions, thoughts and experiences (Wikipedia, 2011). Blogs,as one of the more significant tools in web 2.0, are characterized by their constant update and the reverse chronological order in which entries or posts are presented. They also allow readers to subscribe to their content via RSS feeds and ensure posts’ stability by the use of permanent links. Blogs are characterized by their social and interactive aspects, as most of them allow reader comments, which, regardless of whether the theme is personal or professional, favors the growth of social communities (Kolbitsch & Maurer, 2006). The popularization and massive use of blogs has occurred thanks to free platforms such as Blogger and Wordpress, which are easy to manage and allow publishing of mainly textual content (Lackie & LeMasney, 2008)., The importance of blogs, however, has come under threat with the arrival of new actors in the Web 2.0 scenario, particularly social networks, which now rival blogs as primary communications media tools on the Internet. Once blogs were at the core of social networks (Rodzvilla, 2002), but now the Web 2.0 conversation has fragmented, with general interest shifting away from blogs in favor of other platforms (Boutin, 2008). Indeed, the bloggers themselves are the ones who, as early adopters, have popularized newer applications such as Facebook and Twitter (Technorati, 2009). Blogs, defined by Castells (2010) as mass self-communication media, have manifested themselves during the last decade as useful tools capable of introducing relevant structural changes on information intake and diffusion on different professional domains. Thus novelties and opportunities derived from blogs have been richly reviewed in different contexts, including education (Kim, 2008), medicine (Boulos, Maramba, & Wheeler, 2006), journalism (Johnson & Kaye, 2004) and even scientific communication (Bonetta, 2007). Faced with the Web 2.0 phenomenon in general and the phenomenon of blogging in particular, the library and information science community, which is known to have a proactive attitude toward technology, has not ignored this development. This attitude first became apparent in 1998 with ResearchBuzz, considered to be the first blog in LIS (Crawford, 2005). Libraries and information centers have been especially active in the creation and management of blogs as part of a communication strategy for offering new services for their patrons (Clyde, 2004). As a result of this movement, the term Library 2.0, a concept that has long been discussed (Casey, 2005), has come to be State of the Library and Information Science Blogosphere after Social Networks Boom: a Metric Approach 3 used in reference to the library-related part of Web 2.0. All of these events show the importance of blogs in LIS and their key role in structuring online professional communities. 2. Problem Statement The phenomenon of blogs and their role in the LIS community has not been unnoticed; many studies have analyzed its characteristics and identified the main actors. No study has been sufficiently wide-ranging to assess production patterns in the LIS blogosphere, however, as the methodology of these studies is usually characterized by the small range of their samples and are usually too focused on the library domain. This type of research uses small samples because of the many problems this type of information raises, including the great effort needed in order to gather the data, the scarcity of updated and extended information sources, and the evolving nature of the blogosphere. For these reasons it is difficult to characterize globally the blog community. Above all, none of published research has analyzed trends on production or active blogs in a sufficiently broad time span. Bar- Ilan (2007) has done the deepest portrait of the LIS blogosphere, with a sample of 470 blogs. This study stops in 2005, however, and no studies have shown the recent evolution of the LIS blogosphere. Furthermore, Web 2.0 is a fast-moving environment subjected to continual change, such as the appearance and massive popularization of social networks (e.g., Facebook). So it is relevant to study these new issues that impact the LIS blogosphere. Considering the importance of blogs on the last few years, it is necessary to study quantitatively the evolution of the international LIS blogosphere and characterize its current status, using a broad sample to describe the different trends and the main blogs. It is also interesting to distinguish between blog communities in accordance with who manages them, in this case, libraries or information professionals in a private capacity. Such study will also enable us to ascertain whether the blogosphere is a phenomenon that is still increasing or is rather declining as a communication medium. 3. Literature Review Broadly speaking, research on LIS blogs has traditionally been approached from two different points of view. The main purpose of one kind of study is to report and explore the possibilities that blogs, as communication tools, can provide for different types of libraries and information agencies (Wood, 2009; McIntyre & Nicolle, 2008; Clyde, 2004; Schrecker, 2008). These studies emphasize the importance of blogs as a forum for gathering and exchanging information, as a State of the Library and Information Science Blogosphere after Social Networks Boom: a Metric Approach 4 means to promote the engagement and participation of patrons, or as a tool for information literacy. Usually, services supplied by blogs are taken to be part of the broader context of Library 2.0, along with wikis, podcasts or tagging services (Maness, 2006; Svensson, 2007; Sodt & Summey, 2009). Another type of LIS blogs- related research characterizes and analyzes the main attributes of the LIS blogosphere using quantitative methodologies and metric indicators applied to collections of blogs. The current study is framed in this second type of research. Not many contributions to this second type of research can be found. Bar-Ilan (2005) began by studying the information sources that LIS blogs link to, as well as calculating a series of metric indicators for 15 blogs over a two-month period. Continuing with this approach, the same author (Bar-Ilan, 2007) analyzed 470 blogs written in English to see how information professionals used them, ranking them by authority according to the Technorati search engine. Crawford (2005) studied 50 personal blogs, including the calculation of post production indicators, post length, and the number of comments received. Another study (Online Education Database, 2007) ranked the top 25 librarian bloggers by such parameters as Technorati authority, Alexa ranking, Google PageRank and subscribers on the Bloglines aggregator. There is also literature related to communities within countries. For instance, Torres-Salinas, Cabezas-Clavijo, and Delgado-López-Cózar (2008) studied the posting and participation of the 12 leading Spanish LIS blogs over 16 months, and noted a general decline in production. Lee and Bates (2007) combined qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze how Irish libraries use blogs. Toth (2010) analyzed a small sample of Hungarian library blogs, focusing particularly on the number of comments received per posts, and concluded that in most cases library users were not building virtual communities around blogs.