Harnessing Collective Intelligence for the Learning Communities; a Review of Web 2.0 and Social Computing Technologies
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Internet Economy 25 Years After .Com
THE INTERNET ECONOMY 25 YEARS AFTER .COM TRANSFORMING COMMERCE & LIFE March 2010 25Robert D. Atkinson, Stephen J. Ezell, Scott M. Andes, Daniel D. Castro, and Richard Bennett THE INTERNET ECONOMY 25 YEARS AFTER .COM TRANSFORMING COMMERCE & LIFE March 2010 Robert D. Atkinson, Stephen J. Ezell, Scott M. Andes, Daniel D. Castro, and Richard Bennett The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation I Ac KNOW L EDGEMEN T S The authors would like to thank the following individuals for providing input to the report: Monique Martineau, Lisa Mendelow, and Stephen Norton. Any errors or omissions are the authors’ alone. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Robert D. Atkinson is President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Stephen J. Ezell is a Senior Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Scott M. Andes is a Research Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Daniel D. Castro is a Senior Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Richard Bennett is a Research Fellow at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. ABOUT THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOUNDATION The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is a Washington, DC-based think tank at the cutting edge of designing innovation policies and exploring how advances in technology will create new economic opportunities to improve the quality of life. Non-profit, and non-partisan, we offer pragmatic ideas that break free of economic philosophies born in eras long before the first punch card computer and well before the rise of modern China and pervasive globalization. ITIF, founded in 2006, is dedicated to conceiving and promoting the new ways of thinking about technology-driven productivity, competitiveness, and globalization that the 21st century demands. -
Social Media Why You Should Care What Is Social Media? Social Network
Social Media Why You Should Care IST 331 - Olivier Georgeon, Frank Ritter 31 oct 15 • eMarketer (2007) estimated by 2011 one-half Examples of all Internet users will use social networking • Facebook regulary. • YouTube • By 2015, 75% use • Myspace • Twitter • Del.icio.us • Digg • Etc… 2 What is Social Media? Social Network • Social Network • Online communities of people who share • User Generated Content (UGC) interests and activities, • Social Bookmarking • … or who are interested in exploring the interests and activities of others. • Examples: Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, Orkut • Falls to analysis with tools in Ch. 9 3 4 User Generated Content (UGC) Social Bookmarking • A method for Internet users to store, organize, search, • or Consumer Generated Media (CGM) and manage bookmarks of web pages on the Internet with the help of metadata. • Based on communities; • Defined: Media content that is publicly – The more people who bookmark a piece of content, the more available and produced by end-users (user). value it is determined to have. • Examples: Digg, Del.icio.us, StumbleUpon, and reddit….and now combinations • Usually supported by a social network • Examples: Blogs, Micro-blogs, YouTube video, Flickr photos, Wiki content, Facebook wall posts, reddit, Second Life… 5 6 Social Media Principles Generate an activity stream • Automatic • Who you are – Google History, Google Analytics – Personalization • Blog • Who you know • Micro-blog – Browse network – Twitter, yammer, identi.ca • What you do • Mailing groups – Generate an activity stream -
How Collective Intelligence Fosters Incremental Innovation
Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity Article How Collective Intelligence Fosters Incremental Innovation Jung-Yong Lee 1 and Chang-Hyun Jin 2,* 1 Department of Business Administration, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea 2 Department of Business Administration, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 July 2019; Accepted: 7 August 2019; Published: 8 August 2019 Abstract: The study aims to identify motivational factors that lead to collective intelligence and understand how these factors relate to each other and to innovation in enterprises. The study used the convenience sampling of corporate employees who use collective intelligence from corporate panel members (n = 1500). Collective intelligence was found to affect work process, operations, and service innovation. When corporate employees work in an environment where collective intelligence (CI) is highly developed, work procedures or efficiency may differ depending on the onset of CI. This raises the importance of CI within an organization and implies the importance of finding means to vitalize CI. This study provides significant implications for corporations utilizing collective intelligence services, such as online communities. Firstly, such corporations vitalize their services by raising the quality of information and knowledge shared in their workplaces; and secondly, contribution motivations that consider the characteristics of knowledge and information contributors require further development. Keywords: collective intelligence; social contribution motivation; personal contribution motivation; work process; operation; service innovation; incremental innovation 1. Introduction The ubiquity of information communication technologies—increasingly brought on by recent breakthrough developments—is apparent as a means of inducing intrinsic yet innovative change across corporate management practices. Competition is becoming among corporations that fight for survival amidst a rapidly changing global economic environment. -
POPULAR SOCIAL MEDIA SITES Below Is a List of Some of the Most Commonly Used Youth and Teen Social Networking Sites and Tools
POPULAR SOCIAL MEDIA SITES Below is a list of some of the most commonly used youth and teen social networking sites and tools. Ask.fm (http://ask.fm) Participants log on, post a question anonymously and anyone may answer anonymously. “Do you think I am fat?” or “Would you date me?” are examples of questions posted in the past. There have also been examples in which individuals were encouraged to kill themselves. The site has courted controversy by not having workable reporting, tracking or parental control processes, which have become the norm on other social media websites. Twitter (https://twitter.com) An online social networking and microblogging service that enables users to send and read "tweets", which are text messages limited to 140 characters. Instagram (http://instagram.com) A photo-sharing app for iPhone. Kik (http://kik.com) Kik is as an alternative to email or text messaging and its popularity has grown in the last two years. Kik is accessible on smartphones and supports over 4 million users, called “Kicksters.” Users are not restricted to sending text messages with Kik. Images, videos, sketches, emoticions and more may be sent. A user can block users on Kik from contacting them. Wanelo (http://wanelo.com) Wanelo (from Want, Need, Love) sells unique products online, all posted by users. Products posted for sale range from dishes, clothing, intimate wear and other potentially “R-Rated” products. Vine (https://vine.co) Vine is used to create and share free and instant six-second videos. Topic and content ranges. Snapchat (http://www.snapchat.com) A photo messaging application. -
Google Security Chip H1 a Member of the Titan Family
Google Security Chip H1 A member of the Titan family Chrome OS Use Case [email protected] Block diagram ● ARM SC300 core ● 8kB boot ROM, 64kB SRAM, 512kB Flash ● USB 1.1 slave controller (USB2.0 FS) ● I2C master and slave controllers ● SPI master and slave controllers ● 3 UART channels ● 32 GPIO ports, 28 muxed pins ● 2 Timers ● Reset and power control (RBOX) ● Crypto Engine ● HW Random Number Generator ● RD Detection Flash Memory Layout ● Bootrom not shown ● Flash space split in two halves for redundancy ● Restricted access INFO space ● Header fields control boot flow ● Code is in Chrome OS EC repo*, ○ board files in board/cr50 ○ chip files in chip/g *https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/ec Image Properties Chip Properties 512 byte space Used as 128 FW Updates INFO Space Bits 128 Bits Bitmap 32 Bit words Board ID 32 Bit words Bitmap Board ID ● Updates over USB or TPM Board ID Board ID ~ Board ID ● Rollback protections Board ID mask Version Board Flags ○ Header versioning scheme Board Flags ○ Flash map bitmap ● Board ID and flags Epoch ● RO public key in ROM Major ● RW public key in RO Minor ● Both ROM and RO allow for Timestamp node locked signatures Major Functions ● Guaranteed Reset ● Battery cutoff ● Closed Case Debugging * ● Verified Boot (TPM Services) ● Support of various security features * https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/ccd Reset and power ● Guaranteed EC reset and battery cutoff ● EC in RW latch (guaranteed recovery) ● SPI Flash write protection TPM Interface to AP ● I2C or SPI ● Bootstrap options ● TPM -
Google Chrome OS VS Distribuciones GNU/Linux 18
1Google Chrome OS Universidad Católica “Nuestra Señora de la Asunción” Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica e Informática TAI 2 Chrome OS Fernando Cardozo [email protected] Mat:51300 Prof: Ing Juan Urraza Asunción – Paraguay 2010 2Google Chrome OS Índice Introducción 4 Un nuevo modelo 5 Kernel 6 Arquitectura del software 6 El sistema en sí y los servicios 7 El navegador y el administrador de ventanas 8 Sistema de archivos 8 Diagrama del proceso de booteo 9 Requerimientos del hardware 10 Seguridad en el Chrome OS 10 Interfaz del usuario 11 Pestaña de aplicaciones 12 Panel 13 Multiples ventanas 14 Como se sincroniza Chrome en la nube 15 Google Cloud Printing 16 Chromoting 17 Chrome OS vs Windows 18 Google Chrome OS VS Distribuciones GNU/Linux 18 Cuestionamientos 19 Cuestionamientos 20 Proyectos similares 21 3Google Chrome OS Proyectos similares 22 Anexo 23 Conclusión 24 Referencias 25 4Google Chrome OS Introducción Google Chrome OS es un proyecto llevado a cabo por la compañía Google para desarrollar un sistema operativo basado en web. A través de su blog oficial, Google anunció el 7 de julio de 2009 que Google Chrome OS será un sistema realizado con base en código abierto (Núcleo Linux) y orientado inicialmente para mini portátiles, estando disponible en el segundo semestre de 2010. Funcionará sobre microprocesadores con tecnología x86 o ARM.. La compañía Google ha declarado que el código fuente del proyecto Google Chrome OS fue liberado a finales de 2009. Aunque el sistema se basa en un kernel Linux, tendrá un gestor de ventanas propio de Google. -
Collective Intelligence and the Blockchain
Collective intelligence and the blockchain: Technology, communities and social experiments Andrea Baronchelli1,2,3,* 1City University of London, Department of Mathematics, London EC1V 0HB, UK 2The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW12DB, UK 3UCL Centre for Blockchain Technologies, University College London, London, UK. *[email protected] Blockchains are still perceived chiefly as a new technology. But each blockchain is also a community and a social experiment, built around social consensus. Here I discuss three examples showing how collective intelligence can help, threat or capitalize on blockchain- based ecosystems. They concern the immutability of smart contracts, code transparency and new forms of property. The examples show that more research, new norms and, eventually, laws are needed to manage the interaction between collective behaviour and the blockchain technology. Insights from researchers in collective intelligence can help society rise up to the challenge. For most people, blockchain technology is about on-chain consensus. And it certainly is. A blockchain provides users with a method and incentives for validating and storing a value or transaction without the need to trust a central authority, or any other participants in the system. Once approved, the transaction is recorded in an open ledger that cannot be altered retroactively. Since the system is trustless, everyone can join the network and read, write, or participate within the blockchain (in this article, I am considering only public and permissionless blockchains).1 But a public blockchain is not a self-contained universe. As a socio-technical system, its life extents behind the user base. For example, a blockchain can provide competition to existent socio-economic players, and it is shaped by what users do with it and, eventually, by the law.2, 3 Continuous updates and strategic decisions are therefore required to keep up with such a rapidly evolving landscape, meaning that blockchains are not self-sufficient. -
Collective Intelligence: an Overview
Collective Intelligence: An Overview What is Collective Intelligence? The Internet has given rise to some remarkable technologies that enable people to collaborate en masse. In barely a decade, the biggest encyclopaedia in human history has been written by millions of authors with no centralised control. In under a year, ordinary people classified more than 50 million photos of distant worlds to help astronomers understand how galaxies are formed. All over the world, organisations are starting to open up social networks and collaborative environments from which emanate an endless stream of data and insight. The potential that lies within interconnected networks of computers and humans is only just starting to be realised. We all possess intelligence. However, intelligence can be thought of not only as something that arises within human brains – it also arises in groups of people. This is Collective Intelligence – individuals acting together to combine their knowledge and insight. Collective Intelligence is an emergent property. It emerges from the group, it does not reside within any individual members. The Wisdom of Crowds is simply another term for Collective Intelligence, stemming from the work of British scientist Sir Francis Galton. At a livestock exhibition in 1906, Galton observed a competition where people had to guess the weight of an ox. At the end of the contest, Galton gathered all the guesses and calculated the average. The crowd’s estimate turned out to be near perfect. Galton referred to this as the collective wisdom of the crowd: the fact that groups of people can be more intelligent than an intelligent individual and that groups do not always require intelligent people to reach a smart decision or outcome. -
Social Theory and Social Computing Workshop– Honolulu, Hawaii – May 22 - 23, 2010
Social Theory and Social Computing Workshop– Honolulu, Hawaii – May 22 - 23, 2010 Presentation abstracts and bio sketches Day One CHOICE-THEORETIC MODELS Dennis Chong, Northwestern University, Department of Political Science Dynamic Public Preferences I will discuss how the sensitivity of political evaluations to framing affects our understanding of individual preferences. In particular, the effects of framing appear to undermine the assumption that preferences are consistent. Some researchers have suggested that democratic competition can strengthen preferences and reduce framing effects. I will present some experimental tests of how competition over time between alternative frames affects public opinion depending on how individuals process information. Dennis Chong is the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Professor of Political Science at Northwestern University. He studies American national politics and has published extensively on issues of decision-making, political psychology, social norms, rationality, tolerance, and collective action. Professor Chong is the author of Rational Lives: Norms and Values in Politics and Society, a study of value formation and change, group identification, and conflict over social norms and values. He also wrote Collective Action and the Civil Rights Movement, a theoretical study of the dynamics of collective action as well as a substantial study of the American civil rights movement and the local and national politics that surrounded it. This book won the William H. Riker Prize given by the Political Economy Section of the American Political Science Association. Professor Chong's current research on the influence of information and framing in competitive electoral contexts has received several awards, including the APSA's Franklin L. Burdette/Pi Sigma Alpha Prize. -
Larry Page Developing the Largest Corporate Foundation in Every Successful Company Must Face: As Google Word.” the United States
LOWE —continued from front flap— Praise for $19.95 USA/$23.95 CAN In addition to examining Google’s breakthrough business strategies and new business models— In many ways, Google is the prototype of a which have transformed online advertising G and changed the way we look at corporate successful twenty-fi rst-century company. It uses responsibility and employee relations——Lowe Google technology in new ways to make information universally accessible; promotes a corporate explains why Google may be a harbinger of o 5]]UZS SPEAKS culture that encourages creativity among its where corporate America is headed. She also A>3/9A addresses controversies surrounding Google, such o employees; and takes its role as a corporate citizen as copyright infringement, antitrust concerns, and “It’s not hard to see that Google is a phenomenal company....At Secrets of the World’s Greatest Billionaire Entrepreneurs, very seriously, investing in green initiatives and personal privacy and poses the question almost Geico, we pay these guys a whole lot of money for this and that key g Sergey Brin and Larry Page developing the largest corporate foundation in every successful company must face: as Google word.” the United States. grows, can it hold on to its entrepreneurial spirit as —Warren Buffett l well as its informal motto, “Don’t do evil”? e Following in the footsteps of Warren Buffett “Google rocks. It raised my perceived IQ by about 20 points.” Speaks and Jack Welch Speaks——which contain a SPEAKS What started out as a university research project —Wes Boyd conversational style that successfully captures the conducted by Sergey Brin and Larry Page has President of Moveon.Org essence of these business leaders—Google Speaks ended up revolutionizing the world we live in. -
Electronic Commerce Basics
Electronic Commerce Principles and Practice This Page Intentionally Left Blank Electronic Commerce Principles and Practice Hossein Bidgoli School of Business and Public Administration California State University Bakersfield, California San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright © 2002 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001089146 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-095977-1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 010203040506EB987654321 To so many fine memories of my brother, Mohsen, for his uncompromising belief in the power of education This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents in Brief Part I Electronic Commerce Basics CHAPTER 1 Getting Started with Electronic Commerce 1 CHAPTER 2 Electronic Commerce Fundamentals 39 CHAPTER 3 Electronic Commerce in Action -
Arxiv:1403.5206V2 [Cs.SI] 30 Jul 2014
What is Tumblr: A Statistical Overview and Comparison Yi Chang‡, Lei Tang§, Yoshiyuki Inagaki† and Yan Liu‡ † Yahoo Labs, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA § @WalmartLabs, San Bruno, CA 94066, USA ‡ University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 [email protected],[email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Abstract Traditional blogging sites, such as Blogspot6 and Living- Social7, have high quality content but little social interac- Tumblr, as one of the most popular microblogging platforms, tions. Nardi et al. (Nardi et al. 2004) investigated blogging has gained momentum recently. It is reported to have 166.4 as a form of personal communication and expression, and millions of users and 73.4 billions of posts by January 2014. showed that the vast majority of blog posts are written by While many articles about Tumblr have been published in ordinarypeople with a small audience. On the contrary, pop- major press, there is not much scholar work so far. In this pa- 8 per, we provide some pioneer analysis on Tumblr from a va- ular social networking sites like Facebook , have richer so- riety of aspects. We study the social network structure among cial interactions, but lower quality content comparing with Tumblr users, analyze its user generated content, and describe blogosphere. Since most social interactions are either un- reblogging patterns to analyze its user behavior. We aim to published or less meaningful for the majority of public audi- provide a comprehensive statistical overview of Tumblr and ence, it is natural for Facebook users to form different com- compare it with other popular social services, including blo- munities or social circles.