The Bauhaus and Modern Design Education Lecture 22 : the Bauhaus, Weimar, Germany 1919 Founder Walter Gropius, Bauhaus Philosophy, Abstract Expressionism, Op-Art
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Bauhaus 1 Bauhaus
Bauhaus 1 Bauhaus Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term Bauhaus, literally "house of construction" stood for "School of Building". The Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of its name, and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during the first years of its existence. Nonetheless it was founded with the idea of creating a The Bauhaus Dessau 'total' work of art in which all arts, including architecture would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design.[1] The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography. The school existed in three German cities (Weimar from 1919 to 1925, Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and Berlin from 1932 to 1933), under three different architect-directors: Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1928, 1921/2, Walter Gropius's Expressionist Hannes Meyer from 1928 to 1930 and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Monument to the March Dead from 1930 until 1933, when the school was closed by its own leadership under pressure from the Nazi regime. The changes of venue and leadership resulted in a constant shifting of focus, technique, instructors, and politics. For instance: the pottery shop was discontinued when the school moved from Weimar to Dessau, even though it had been an important revenue source; when Mies van der Rohe took over the school in 1930, he transformed it into a private school, and would not allow any supporters of Hannes Meyer to attend it. -
Sculptural Cubism in Product Design: Using Design History As a Creative Tool
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION 3 & 4 SEPTEMBER 2015, LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, DESIGN SCHOOL, LOUGHBOROUGH, UK SCULPTURAL CUBISM IN PRODUCT DESIGN: USING DESIGN HISTORY AS A CREATIVE TOOL Augustine FRIMPONG ACHEAMPONG and Arild BERG Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences ABSTRACT In Jan Michl's "Taking down the Bauhaus Wall: Towards living design history as a tool for better design", he explains how the history of design can become a tool for future design practices. He emphasizes how the aesthetics of the past still exist in the present. Although there have been a great deal of studies on the history of design, not much emphasis has been placed on Cubism, which is a very important part of design history. Many designs of the past, such as in the field of architecture and jewellery design, took their inspiration from sculptural cubism. The research question is therefore "How has sculptural Cubism influenced contemporary student product-design practices?" One research method used was the literature review, which was chosen to investigate what has been done in the past. Other methods used were interviews and focus groups, which were chosen to investigate what some contemporary design students knew about cubism. The researcher will also look to solicit knowledge from people outside the design community regarding designers and the work they do, as well as the general impression they have concerning design history and cubism. The concept of Cubism has been used in branding and as a marketing tool and in communication. Keywords: Design history, contemporary design practice, sculptural cubism, aesthetics. -
David Quigley Learning to Live: Preliminary Notes for a Program Of
David Quigley In an essay published in 2009, Boris could play in a broader social context influenced the founding director John Groys makes the claim that “today art beyond the narrow realm of the art Andrew Rice, as well as the professors Learning to Live: education has no definite goal, no world. Josef Albers, Merce Cunningham, Robert Preliminary Notes method, no particular content that can Motherwell, John Cage, and the poets be taught, no tradition that can be Performing Pragmatism: Robert Creeley and Charles Olson. for a Program of Art transmitted to a new generation—which Art as Experience Unlike other trajectories of the critique Education for the is to say, it has too many.”69 While one On the first pages of Dewey’s Art as of the art object, the Deweyian tradition might agree with this diagnosis, one Experience from 1934, we read: did not deny the special status of art in 21st Century. immediately wonders how we should itself but rather resituated it within a Après John Dewey assess it. Are we to merely tacitly “By one of the ironic perversities that continuum of human experience. Dewey, acknowledge this situation or does this often attend the course of affairs, the as a thinker of egalitarianism and critique imply a call for change? Is this existence of the works of art upon which democracy, created a theory of art lack (or paradoxical overabundance) of the formation of an aesthetic theory based on the fundamental continuity goals, methods or content inherent to depends has become an obstruction of experience and practice, making the very essence of art education, or is to theory about them. -
Education of Architects: Walter Gropius' Ideas a Century Later
Volume 21, Number 3, 2019 © WIETE 2019 Global Journal of Engineering Education Education of architects: Walter Gropius’ ideas a century later Grażyna Schneider-Skalska Cracow University of Technology Kraków, Poland ABSTRACT: The education of architects in Poland follows a specific sequence: standards defined by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education concordant with European Union standards; educational outcomes defined by a specific school; module charts formulated by academic teachers. As a result of this sequence a freshly graduating architect becomes equipped with appropriate knowledge, skills and social competencies adapted to contemporary times. At the start of the 20th Century, Walter Gropius formulated a highly specific vision of the role of the architect in society and a model of education associated with this role. He published this in a book, Scope of Total Architecture. The author of this article has confronted the recommendations by Gropius with the reality of educating architects at the Faculty of Architecture at Cracow University of Technology (FA-CUT), Kraków, Poland, and the author’s own observations. Highlighted here is a series of timeless requirements in architects’ education, in addition to observing differences associated with time and changing conditions. Keywords: Architectural education, qualities and attributes, Walter Gropius’ educational ideas INTRODUCTION The curriculum for the education of architects in the European Union is regulated to standards that ensure university graduation diplomas are recognised throughout the EU member states. Architecture schools are required to define educational outcomes in accordance with these standards and to develop curricula and syllabuses for individual modules or programmatic blocks. As a result, a freshly graduated architect is equipped with appropriate knowledge, skills and social competencies, tailored to the needs of contemporary times. -
Shifts in Modernist Architects' Design Thinking
arts Article Function and Form: Shifts in Modernist Architects’ Design Thinking Atli Magnus Seelow Department of Architecture, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 6, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; [email protected]; Tel.: +46-72-968-88-85 Academic Editor: Marco Sosa Received: 22 August 2016; Accepted: 3 November 2016; Published: 9 January 2017 Abstract: Since the so-called “type-debate” at the 1914 Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne—on individual versus standardized types—the discussion about turning Function into Form has been an important topic in Architectural Theory. The aim of this article is to trace the historic shifts in the relationship between Function and Form: First, how Functional Thinking was turned into an Art Form; this orginates in the Werkbund concept of artistic refinement of industrial production. Second, how Functional Analysis was applied to design and production processes, focused on certain aspects, such as economic management or floor plan design. Third, how Architectural Function was used as a social or political argument; this is of particular interest during the interwar years. A comparison of theses different aspects of the relationship between Function and Form reveals that it has undergone fundamental shifts—from Art to Science and Politics—that are tied to historic developments. It is interesting to note that this happens in a short period of time in the first half of the 20th Century. Looking at these historic shifts not only sheds new light on the creative process in Modern Architecture, this may also serve as a stepstone towards a new rethinking of Function and Form. Keywords: Modern Architecture; functionalism; form; art; science; politics 1. -
The Bauhaus 1 / 70
GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS 1 / 70 The Bauhaus 1 Art and Technology, A New Unity 3 2 The Bauhaus Workshops 13 3 Origins 26 4 Weimar 45 5 Dessau 57 6 Berlin 68 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS 2 / 70 © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE ARTS & CRAFTS MOVEMENT 3 / 70 1919–1933 Art and Technology, A New Unity A German design school where ideas from all advanced art and design movements were explored, combined, and applied to the problems of functional design and machine production. © Kevin Woodland, 2020 Joost Schmidt, Exhibition Poster, 1923 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS / Art and TechnoLogy, A New Unity 4 / 70 1919–1933 The Bauhaus Twentieth-century furniture, architecture, product design, and graphics were shaped by the work of its faculty and students, and a modern design aesthetic emerged. MEGGS © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS / Art and TechnoLogy, A New Unity 5 / 70 1919–1933 The Bauhaus Ideas from all advanced art and design movements were explored, combined, and applied to the problems of functional design and machine production. MEGGS • The Arts & Crafts: Applied arts, craftsmanship, workshops, apprenticeship • Art Nouveau: Removal of ornament, application of form • Futurism: Typographic freedom • Dadaism: Wit, spontaneity, theoretical exploration • Constructivism: Design for the greater good • De Stijl: Reduction, simplification, refinement © Kevin Woodland, 2020 GRAPHIC DESIGN HISTORY / THE BAUHAUS / Art and TechnoLogy, A New Unity 6 / 70 1919–1933 -
The Analysis of the Influence and Inspiration of the Bauhaus on Contemporary Design and Education
Engineering, 2013, 5, 323-328 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.54044 Published Online April 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) The Analysis of the Influence and Inspiration of the Bauhaus on Contemporary Design and Education Wenwen Chen1*, Zhuozuo He2 1Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China 2Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China Email: *[email protected] Received October 11, 2012; revised February 24, 2013; accepted March 2, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Wenwen Chen, Zhuozuo He. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT The Bauhaus, one of the most prestigious colleges of fine arts, was founded in 1919 by the architect Walter Gropius. Although it is closed in the last century, its influence is still manifested in design industries now and will continue to spread its principles to designers and artists. Even, it has a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, fashion design and design education. Up until now, Bauhaus ideal has al- ways been a controversial focus that plays a crucial role in the field of design. Not only emphasizing function but also reflecting the human-oriented idea could be the greatest progress on modern design and manufacturing. Even more, harmonizing the relationship between nature and human is the ultimate goal for all the designers to create their artworks. This essay will analyze Bauhaus’s influence on modern design and manufacturing in terms of technology, architecture and design education. -
SELLER MANAGED Reseller Online Auction - Railside Road
09/24/21 10:27:37 North York (Ontario, Canada) SELLER MANAGED Reseller Online Auction - Railside Road Auction Opens: Wed, Sep 4 5:00pm ET Auction Closes: Tue, Sep 10 7:45pm ET Lot Title Lot Title 0001 Signed Latvian Abstract Modernist Oil 0020 C.1930 Cased Singer Sewing Machine Original Painting on Canvas Wood With Key + Lamp Working 0002 Lalique France Crystal Masted Mariner 0021 Decorative Cameo Art Glass Vase Nautical Ship Cabinet Plate 0022 Perfect Paymaster Ribbon Writer Cheque 0003 1985 Enzo Vincenzo Marino 'Eve' Acrylic Writing Machine Painting on Canvas 0023 Gothic Antique Wood Swing Mirror On Stand 0004 French Art Nouveau Newel Post Lady Lamp w 0024 Original Early Clarence Gagnon Laurentian 3 Lily Shades Signed Gomez C.1900 'March in the Birch Woods' Litho Print 0005 Signed Croatian Reverse Oil Painting on Glass 0025 Lot of 17 Modernist Yellow Art Glass/Black Framed Stem Glasses 0006 Antique Walnut 2 Tier Occasional Table 0026 Boxed Wind-Up Mechanical Planet 'Lost In 0007 NXT PPS-1 Hanging Flat Panel Loudspeakers Space' Tin Robot w Subwoofer 0027 Burgundy Fringed Pagoda Shade Lamp Pair 0008 Huge Unframed Abstract Oil Painting on 0028 Sardonic Looking Butler With Tray Burlap 0029 Retired 1988 Trimlite Crystal Gold Rearing 0009 Solid Wood Carved Crowned African Tribal Unicorn Figure 2 Feet Tall 0030 Mid-Century Modern Mazzega Murano Italy 0010 Framed Early A. J. Casson Print 'Housetops in Glass Eyeball Ceiling Lamp the Ward' 0031 Twist Leg Occasional Table with Lower Shelf 0011 Stylish Designer Mod Lamp w Textured Turquoise Leatherette Shade 0032 Whimsical Victorian Terrier Dog Oil Painting Signed 'M. -
Cubism Futurism Art Deco
20TH Century Art Early 20th Century styles based on SHAPE and FORM: Cubism Futurism Art Deco to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the real thing to show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space & the Machine age to simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Pablo Picasso 1881-1973 Considered most influential artist of 20th Century Blue Period Rose Period Analytical Cubism Synthetic Cubism 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Early works by a young Picasso Girl Wearing Large Hat, 1901. Lola, the artist’s sister, 1901. 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period Blue Period (1901-1904) Moves to Paris in his late teens Coping with suicide of friend Paintings were lonely, depressing Major color was BLUE! 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period Pablo Picasso, Blue Nude, 1902. BLUE PERIOD 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period Pablo Picasso, Self Portrait, 1901. BLUE PERIOD 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period Pablo Picasso, Tragedy, 1903. BLUE PERIOD 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Blue Period Pablo Picasso, Le Gourmet, 1901. BLUE PERIOD 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s work at the National Gallery (DC) 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Rose Period Rose Period (1904-1906) Much happier art than before Circus people as subjects Reds and warmer colors Pablo Picasso, Harlequin Family, 1905. ROSE PERIOD 20TH CENTURY ART & ARCHITECTURE Cubism & Picasso Picasso’s Rose Period Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905. -
Walter Gropius, “Bauhaus Manifesto and Program” (1919)
Walter Gropius, “Bauhaus Manifesto and Program” (1919) The ultimate aim of all visual arts is the complete building! To embellish buildings was once the noblest function of the fine arts; they were the indispensable components of great architecture. Today the arts exist in isolation, from which they can be rescued only through the conscious, cooperative effort of all craftsmen. Architects, painters, and sculptors must recognize anew and learn to grasp the composite character of a building both as an entity and in its separate parts. Only then will their work be imbued with the architectonic spirit which it has lost as “salon art.” The old schools of art were unable to produce this unity; how could they, since art cannot be taught. They must be merged once more with the workshop. The mere drawing and painting world of the pattern designer and the applied artist must become a world that builds again. When young people who take a joy in artistic creation once more begin their life's work by learning a trade, then the unproductive “artist” will no longer be condemned to deficient artistry, for their skill will now be preserved for the crafts, in which they will be able to achieve excellence. Architects, sculptors, painters, we all must return to the crafts! For art is not a “profession.” There is no essential difference between the artist and the craftsman. The artist is an exalted craftsman. In rare moments of inspiration, transcending the consciousness of his will, the grace of heaven may cause his work to blossom into art. -
UNSEEN WORKS of the EUROPEAN AVANT-GARDE An
Press Release July 2020 Mitzi Mina | [email protected] | Melica Khansari | [email protected] | Matthew Floris | [email protected] | +44 (0) 207 293 6000 UNSEEN WORKS OF THE EUROPEAN AVANT-GARDE An Outstanding Family Collection Assembled with Dedication Over Four Decades To Be Offered at Sotheby’s London this July Over 40 Paintings, Sculpture & Works on Paper Led by a Rare Cubist Work by Léger & an Intimate Picasso Portrait of his Secret Lover Marie-Thérèse Pablo Picasso | Fernand Léger | Alberto Giacometti | Wassily Kandinsky | Lyonel Feininger | August Macke | Alexej von Jawlensky | Jacques Lipchitz | Marc Chagall | Henry Moore | Henri Laurens | Jean Arp | Albert Gleizes Helena Newman, Worldwide Head of Sotheby’s Impressionist & Modern Art Department, said: “Put together with passion and enjoyed over many years, this private collection encapsulates exactly what collectors long for – quality and rarity in works that can be, and have been, lived with and loved. Unified by the breadth and depth of art from across Europe, it offers seldom seen works from the pinnacle of the Avant-Garde, from the figurative to the abstract. At its core is an exceptionally beautiful 1931 portrait of Picasso’s lover, Marie-Thérèse, an intimate glimpse into their early days together when the love between the artist and his most important muse was still a secret from the world.” The first decades of the twentieth century would change the course of art history for ever. This treasure-trove from a private collection – little known and rarely seen – spans the remarkable period, telling its story through the leading protagonists, from Fernand Léger, Pablo Picasso and Alberto Giacometti to Wassily Kandinsky, Lyonel Feininger and Alexej von Jawlensky. -
The Following Article by Walter Gropius Appeared in the March 1956 Issue of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD
The following article by Walter Gropius appeared in the March 1956 issue of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. Simply click on the photo below to retrieve his March 1937 article from our ARCHives. O N APRIL 10 Walter Gropius will receive in London the Royal Gold Medal for 1956 of the Royal Institute of British Architects fol- lowing its award by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on the unani- mous recommendation of the Council of that Institute. At the request of ARCHITECURAL RECORD, Professor Gropius has selected from his outstanding work seven especially significant buildings and projects which we are honored to present here together with a stim- ulating statement on the architec- tural state of the nation from a truly pioneer architect and educator. 1911-12 190 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD MARCH 1956 1911–12 Shoe Last Factory, Karl Benscheidt, Alfeld, A. L. Built 1911–12, photographed 1954. Walter Gropius with Adolf Meyer ARCHITECTURAL RECORD MARCH 1956 191 1914 1914 WALTER GROPIUS: 1914 Upper: Office Building at the Werkbund Exhi- bition, Cologne. Lower: Machine Hall opposite the Office Building at the same exhibition. Both buildings by Walter Gropius with Adolf Meyer 1922 Design for the Chicago Tribune Tower 192 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD MARCH 1956 1922 1924-25 1949 WALTER GROPIUS: 194 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD MARCH 1956 1953 1924–25 Bauhaus Building, Dessau 1949 Harvard Graduate Center, Harkness Commons Building. The Architects Collaborative 1953 Office Building, McCormick Estate, Chicago, designed 1953. The Architects Collaborative; Arthur Myh- rum, Associate ARCHITECTURAL RECORD MARCH 1956 195 WALTER GROPIUS A RCHITECTURAL RECORD has asked me and independence of thought and ized knowledge which he has to absorb to state both what troubles me most action.