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WRA Species Report Family: Costaceae Taxon: Tapeinochilos ananassae Synonym: Costus ananassae Hassk. [basionym] Common Name: Pineapple ginger Tapeinochilos pungens (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq Indonesian ginger back-scratcher-ginger torch ginger Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -5 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 2/6/2012 Tapeinochilos ananassae (Costaceae) Page 1 of 7 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 n 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 y 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 n 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score -5 Print Date: 2/6/2012 Tapeinochilos ananassae (Costaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 2000. Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Ornamentals: A [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Guide. Timber Press, Portland, OR 101 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2- High] "Native to the Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Moluccas…" … "Pineapple ginger requires a junglelike environment to perform Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop best…" Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 201 2010. Poulsen, A.D./Gideon, O.G./Ardiyani, M.. [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2- High] "Distribution — Names of Tapeinochilos (Costaceae) in Moluccas, southern New Guinea, north-eastern Australia." Wallacea. Blumea. 55: 61–64. 202 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Quality of climate match data 2-High] "Native to the Moluccas…" … "Pineapple Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian ginger requires a junglelike environment to perform best…" Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 203 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Pineapple ginger Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian requires a junglelike environment to perform best: deep shade to filtered sun; Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop protection from drying, damaging winds:" Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 203 2010. Poulsen, A.D./Gideon, O.G./Ardiyani, M.. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Distribution — Names of Tapeinochilos (Costaceae) in Moluccas, southern New Guinea, north-eastern Australia. Ecology — Lowland Wallacea. Blumea. 55: 61–64. primary and secondary forests, from sea level to 680 m altitude." [Tropical plant with elevational distribution that does not exceed 1000 m] 203 2012. CSIRO. Australian Tropical Rainforest [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Altitudinal range from Plants [online database] - Tapeinochilos near sea level to about 300 m. Grows as an understory plant in well developed ananassae. http://keys.trin.org.au:8080/key- lowland and upland rain forests which have been subjected to some disturbance. server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004- Also occurs in New Guinea." 060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Tapeinochilos_ ananassae.htm 203 2012. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: Indonesian [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Hardiness: USDA Zone Wax Ginger - Tapeinochilos ananassae. 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/72594/ 4.5 °C (40 °F)" 204 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Native Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian to the Moluccas…" … "Pineapple ginger requires a junglelike environment to Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop perform best…" Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 204 2010. Poulsen, A.D./Gideon, O.G./Ardiyani, M.. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Names of Tapeinochilos (Costaceae) in "Distribution — Moluccas, southern New Guinea, north-eastern Australia." Wallacea. Blumea. 55: 61–64. 205 2000. Whistler, W.A.. Tropical Ornamentals: A [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Guide. Timber Press, Portland, OR range? Yes] "…native from Malaysia to Australia but is widely cultivated for its red bracts and orange flowers." 301 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence from Hawaiian Islands] "Native to Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian the Moluccas, T. ananassae was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in 1959 by Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop noted botanist J.F. Rock" Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 301 2005. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Lorence, D.H.. [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence from Hawaiian Islands] Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/index.htm 301 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ Print Date: 2/6/2012 Tapeinochilos ananassae (Costaceae) Page 3 of 7 301 2009. Chong, K.Y./Tan, H.T.W./Corlett, R.T.. A [Naturalized beyond native range? No evidence in Singapore] "Tapeinochilos Checklist of the Total Vascular Plant Flora of ananassae (Hassk.) K. Schum.; Costaceae; cultivated only" Singapore: Native, Naturalized and Cultivated Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 302 2012. CSIRO. Australian Tropical Rainforest [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] "Grows as an understory plant in well Plants [online database] - Tapeinochilos developed lowland and upland rain forests which have been subjected to some ananassae. http://keys.trin.org.au:8080/key- disturbance." [No evidence of weediness, but does occur in disturbed habitats in server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004- native range] 060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Tapeinochilos_ ananassae.htm 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 305 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 401 2000.
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