Hong Kong in Figures 2017 Edition

Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong in Figures 2017 Edition

Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

February 2017

1 Enquiries about this booklet can be directed to : Statistical Information Services Section Census and Statistics Department Address : 19/F, Wanchai Tower, 12 Harbour Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. Tel. : (852) 2582 4068 Fax : (852) 2827 1708 E-mail : [email protected] Website of the Census and Statistics Department : www.censtatd.gov.hk

2 Key Indicators Average annual rate Reference of change Indicator Unit period Magnitude 2011–2016 Population# ’000 Mid-2016 7 346.7 +0.8% Number of households# ’000 2016 2 498 +1.1% Labour force# ’000 2016 3 945 +1.3% Unemployment rate# % 2016 3.4 — Real Wage Index Sep. 2016 121.1 +0.1% (2) (Sep. 1992=100) Value of total exports HK$ 2016 3,588.2 +1.5% billion Quantum index of total 2016 99.6 +0.7% exports (Year 2014=100) Value of imports HK$ 2016 4,008.4 +1.3% billion Per capita GDP at current HK$ 2016 338,806 +4.4% market prices@ GDP@ HK$ 2016 — At current market prices billion 2,489.1 +5.2% — In chained (2014) dollars 2,358.6 +2.4% BoP — current HK$ 2015 79.6 — account balance@ billion Composite Consumer 2016 103.0 +3.6% Price Index (Oct. 2014 – Sep. 2015=100) Volume index of total 2016 91.9 +1.6% retail sales# (Oct. 2014 – Sep. 2015=100) Business Receipts Indices Third (Quarterly average of 2008=100) quarter of — Banking 2016 176.2 +9.8% (3) — Financing (except banking) 129.8 +4.1%(3) Newly completed ’000 2016 36.6 +6.1% residential flats Money Supply M3@ HK$ End-2016 12,551.2 +9.2% billion Public mobile subscribers End-Nov. 1 103 +1.9% per 1 000 population(1) 2016 Visitor arrivals ’000 2016 56 655 +6.2% # Provisional figures @ Figures are subject to revision later on — Not applicable (1) Excluding pre-paid SIM cards (2) Real Wage Index for the whole year of 2016 will be available in April 2017. In compiling the average annual rate of change between 2011 and 2016, the annual rate of change between 2015 and 2016 is calculated based on the average of the indices for March, June and September 2016, compared with that for March, June and September 2015. (3) Business Receipts Index for the whole year of 2016 will be available in March 2017. In compiling the average annual rate of change between 2011 and 2016, the annual rate of change between 2015 and 2016 is calculated based on the average of the indices for the first 3 quarters of 2016, compared with that for the first 3 quarters of 2015. 3

Contents Page

Key Indicators 3 Geography and Climate 8 Geography 8 Meteorological observations 8 Hong Kong in the Asia Pacific Region 8 Land area of Hong Kong 9 Map of Hong Kong 9 Population 10 Mid-year population by sex 10 Mid-year population by age group 10 Population growth 10 Vital events 10 Households 11 Population density by area 11 Labour 12 Labour force and labour force participation rate by sex 12 Labour force by age group 12 Unemployed persons and unemployment rate 12 Underemployed persons and underemployment rate 12 Employment distribution by industry section 13 Civil servants 13 Wages and earnings 14 Stoppages of work 14 External Trade 15 Aggregate merchandise trade 15 Merchandise trade by main country/territory 16 Imports and total exports by end-use category 17 Domestic exports by principal commodity 17 Merchandise trade index numbers 18 Exports and imports of services by service component 19 National Income and Balance of Payments 20 Gross Domestic Product 20 Gross National Income 24 Balance of Payments 25 International Investment Position by broad component 26 Prices 27 Year-on-year rates of change in the Consumer Price Indices 27 Year-on-year rates of change in other price indices 27 Business Performance 28 Regional headquarters, regional offices and local offices in Hong 28 Kong representing parent companies located outside Hong Kong Index of industrial production 28 Retail sales 28 Restaurant receipts 28 Business Receipts Indices 29

5 Contents (cont’d) Page

Energy 30 Electricity consumption 30 Gas consumption 30 Housing and Property 31 Permanent living quarters by type 31 Property transactions 31 Newly completed residential flats by type 32 Newly completed private buildings by end-use 32 Private buildings with consent to commence work by end-use 32 Government Accounts and Finance 33 Government revenue and expenditure 33 Public expenditure by policy area group 33 Fiscal reserves 34 Foreign currency reserve assets 34 Money supply 34 Deposits, loans and advances of authorized institutions 35 Hong Kong dollar interest rates 35 Exchange rates 36 Effective Exchange Rate Index 36 Value of stock exchange turnover, market capitalisation and 36 index of share prices Science and Technology 37 Penetration of information technology into households 37 Usage of information technology among household members 37 Transport, Communications and Tourism 38 Inward and outward movements of aircraft and ocean vessels 38 Inward and outward movements of cargo 38 Port container throughput 38 Public transport passenger journeys 39 Motor vehicles licensed by type 39 Public roads 39 Postal services 39 Access to information and communication technology 40 Arrivals and departures of passengers by mode of transport 41 Hong Kong resident departures by control point 41 Visitor arrivals by country/territory of residence 42 Hotel accommodation 42 Education 43 Student enrolment by level of education 43 Distribution of educational attainment of population aged 15 and over 43 Health 44 Expectation of life at birth by sex 44 Registered deaths and death rate by leading cause of death 44 Infant mortality rate 44 Hospital beds and selected types of registered healthcare professionals 45

6 Contents (cont’d) Page

Social Welfare 46 Social security 46 Law and Order 47 Reported crimes by type of offence 47 Persons arrested for crime by type of offence 47 Further Information 48

General Notes 1. Figures in brackets refer to percentage changes over the same period in preceding year and are calculated based on unrounded figures. 2. There may be a slight discrepancy between the sum of individual items and the total as shown in the tables due to rounding.

Symbols The following symbols are used throughout the booklet : — Not applicable # Provisional figures @ Figures are subject to revision later on * Revised figures ** The statistics are compiled based on data collected in the General Household Survey from January to December of the year concerned as well as the mid-year population estimates by District Council district compiled jointly by the Census and Statistics Department and an inter-departmental Working Group on Population Distribution Projections

7 Geography and Climate

Geography Hong Kong is situated at the south-eastern tip of the mainland of China, with a total area of about 1 106.3 square kilometres covering Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories and Islands.

Meteorological observations Normals (1981–2010) Whole January July year 2016 Air temperature (ºC) Mean maximum 18.6 31.4 25.6 26.1 Mean 16.3 28.8 23.3 23.6 Mean minimum 14.5 26.8 21.4 21.7 Mean relative humidity (%) 74 81 78 81 Total rainfall (mm) 24.7 376.5 2 398.5 3 026.8 Total bright sunshine (hours) 143.0 212.0 1 835.6 1 567.8 Mean wind speed (km/h) 25.3 21.3 23.3 22.0

Hong Kong in the Asia Pacific Region

8 Land area of Hong Kong Sq. km 2011 2015 2016 Hong Kong Island 80.6 80.7 80.7 Kowloon 46.9 46.9 46.9 New Territories and Islands 976.9 978.1 978.7 Total 1 104.4 1 105.7 1 106.3 Note : Figures are as at the end of the year.

Map of Hong Kong

9 Population

Mid-year population by sex 2011 2015 2016# Number % Number % Number % Sex (‘000) (‘000) (‘000) Male 3 303.0 46.7 3 367.0 46.1 3 375.0 45.9 Female 3 768.6 53.3 3 938.7 53.9 3 971.7 54.1 Total 7 071.6 100.0 7 305.7 100.0 7 346.7 100.0

Mid-year population by age group 2011 2015 2016# Age Number % Number % Number % group (‘000) (‘000) (‘000) Under 15 823.5 11.6 828.1 11.3 827.1 11.3 15–34 1 959.3 27.7 1 904.9 26.1 1 855.4 25.3 35–64 3 347.4 47.3 3 455.4 47.3 3 491.9 47.5 65 and over 941.4 13.3 1 117.3 15.3 1 172.3 16.0 Total 7 071.6 100.0 7 305.7 100.0 7 346.7 100.0

Population growth(1) 2011 2015 2016# Population growth Natural increase (‘000) 52.6 18.1 13.2 (births less deaths) Net movement (‘000) –5.2 45.9 27.8 (inflow less outflow) Total (‘000) 47.4 64.0 41.0 Population growth rate (%) +0.7 +0.9 +0.6 Note :  (1) Figures refer to growth between mid-year of preceding year and mid-year of designated year.

Vital events 2011 2014 2015 Number of births (‘000) 95.5 62.3 59.9 Crude birth rate (per 1 000 population) 13.5 8.6 8.2 Number of deaths (‘000) 42.3 45.1 46.1 Crude death rate (per 1 000 population) 6.0 6.2 6.3 Number of marriages (‘000) 58.4 56.5 51.6 Crude marriage rate (per 1 000 population) 8.2 7.8 7.1 Median age at first marriage (years) Male 31.2 31.2 31.2 Female 28.9 29.1 29.3

10 Households** 2011 2015 2016# Number of households (‘000) 2 359 2 468 2 498 (+1.5) (+1.5) (+1.2)

Population density(1) by area Persons per sq. km 2011 2015 2016# Hong Kong Island 15 920 15 740 15 830 Kowloon 44 920 47 040 47 300 New Territories and Islands 3 870 4 020 4 040 Total 6 540 6 760 6 790 Notes : Figures are as at the end of June of the year. (1) Excluding marine population and area of reservoirs.

11 Labour

Labour force(1) and labour force participation rate by sex** 2011 2015 2016# Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate Sex (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%) Male 1 943 68.4 1 995 68.8 2 002 68.6 Female 1 760 53.0 1 914 54.8 1 943 55.0 Overall 3 703 60.1 3 910 61.2 3 945 61.2 (+2.0) (+0.9) (+0.9) Note :  (1) Labour force refers to the land-based non-institutional population aged 15 and over who satisfy the criteria for being classified as employed population or unemployed population.

Labour force(1) by age group** 2011 2015 2016# Age Number % Number % Number % group (‘000) (‘000) (‘000) Under 25 317 8.6 324 8.3 312 7.9 25–44 1 887 51.0 1 913 48.9 1 921 48.7 45–64 1 444 39.0 1 574 40.2 1 600 40.6 65 and over 55 1.5 99 2.5 111 2.8 Total 3 703 100.0 3 910 100.0 3 945 100.0 (+2.0) (+0.9) (+0.9) Note :  (1) Labour force refers to the land-based non-institutional population aged 15 and over who satisfy the criteria for being classified as employed population or unemployed population.

Unemployed persons and unemployment rate** 2011 2015 2016# Unemployed persons (‘000) 127 129 132 Unemployment rate (%) 3.4 3.3 3.4

Underemployed persons and underemployment rate** 2011 2015 2016# Underemployed persons (‘000) 63 53 54 Underemployment rate (%) 1.7 1.4 1.4

12 Employment distribution by industry section Percentages Industry section 2011 2015 2016@ Manufacturing 3.1 2.7 2.6 Electricity and gas supply 0.2 0.2 0.2 Water supply; sewerage, waste 0.2 0.2 0.2 management and remediation services Construction 7.6 8.3 8.6 Import and export trade 14.5 13.4 13.0 Wholesale 1.8 1.6 1.6 Retail 8.5 8.7 8.4 Transportation, storage, postal and 8.9 8.3 8.2 courier services Accommodation(1) and food services 7.4 7.3 7.2 Information and communications 2.7 2.8 2.9 Financing and insurance 6.3 6.5 6.6 Real estate 3.4 3.4 3.5 Professional, scientific and technical 4.7 4.9 5.0 services Administrative and support services 4.8 5.1 5.1 Public administration 2.9 2.9 2.9 Education 5.4 5.5 5.4 Human health and social work services 4.7 5.0 5.1 Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.5 1.5 1.5 Other social and personal services 11.0 11.4 11.9 Others 0.1 0.1 0.1

All industry sections 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total employment (‘000) 3 579.5 3 781.5 3 811.4 (+2.9) (+0.8) (+0.8) Notes : Figures refer to the Composite Employment Estimates. Figures for 2016 are averages of the first 3 quarters of the year. (1) Accommodation services sector covers hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses and other establishments providing short term accommodation.

Civil servants(1) 2011 2015 2016 Number of civil servants (‘000) 157.7 164.0 165.9 (+0.8) (+0.6) (+1.1) Notes : Figures are as at the end of September of the year. (1) Civil servants refer to persons who are employed on civil service terms of appointment as at the survey reference date. Independent Commission Against Corruption officers, judicial officers, locally engaged staff working in the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices outside Hong Kong, and other government employees like Non-Civil Service Contract staff are excluded.

13 Wages and earnings 2011 2015 2016 Wage Index(1) (Sep. 1992=100) Nominal 177.2 211.3 219.0 (+9.9) (+4.4) (+3.7) Real(2) 127.1 120.7 121.1 (+4.4) (+2.3) (+0.3) Salary index(3) (Jun. 1995=100) Salary Index (A) Nominal 138.0 163.3 169.8 (+5.9) (+4.8) (+4.0) ­ Real(4) 117.0 122.2 124.2 (+0.5) (+2.8) (+1.7) Salary Index (B) Nominal 178.1 222.5 234.1 (+7.5) (+5.7) (+5.2) Real(4) 151.1 166.4 171.3 (+2.1) (+3.8) (+2.9) Index of Payroll per Person Engaged(5) (1st quarter 1999=100) Nominal 111.9 136.1 141.7 (+8.3) (+4.5) (+4.1) Real(6) 108.7 113.3 114.4 (+1.6) (+2.0) (+1.0) Notes :  (1) Wage Index covers employees up to the supervisory level. Figures refer to September of the year. (2) Real Wage Index is derived by deflating the corresponding nominal index by the 2014/15-based CPI(A). (3) Salary index covers middle-level managerial and professional employees. Salary Index (A) measures the overall changes in average salary rates of middle-level managerial and professional employees; while Salary Index (B) measures changes in average salary rates of those middle-level managerial and professional employees who have been in the same occupation and in the same company in two consecutive years. Figures refer to June of the year. (4) Real salary index is derived by deflating the corresponding nominal index by the 2014/15-based CPI(C). (5) As a proxy to labour earnings. Figures refer to the third quarter of the year. (6) Real Index of Payroll per Person Engaged is derived by deflating the corresponding nominal index by the 2014/15-based Composite CPI.

Stoppages of work 2011 2015 2016 Number of work stoppages 2 2 3 Number of working days lost (man-days) 590 103 169 Note : Figures cover stoppages of work arising from disputes connected with terms and conditions of employment handled by the Labour Department.

14 External Trade

Hong Kong external trade comprises external merchandise trade and trade in services of Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s external merchandise trade statistics are compiled based on information contained in import/export declarations. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a separate customs territory, as stated in “The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China”. Import/export declaration is also required of Hong Kong’s trade with the mainland of China, and statistics relating to this are included in Hong Kong’s external merchandise trade statistics. External merchandise trade statistics in this section are not directly comparable with the figures of exports and imports of goods published under the section of “National Income and Balance of Payments”, as the latter is compiled based on the change of ownership principle. Hong Kong’s trade in services transactions with the mainland of China are treated as external transactions and included in Hong Kong’s trade in services statistics.

Aggregate merchandise trade HK$ billion Type of trade 2011 2015 2016 Imports (c.i.f.) 3,764.6 4,046.4 4,008.4 (+11.9) (–4.1)(–0.9) Domestic exports (f.o.b.) 65.7 46.9 42.9 (–5.5) (–15.2)(–8.5) Re-exports (f.o.b.) 3,271.6 3,558.4 3,545.4 (+10.5) (–1.6) (–0.4) Total exports (f.o.b.) 3,337.3 3,605.3 3,588.2 (+10.1) (–1.8)(–0.5) Total trade 7,101.8 7,651.7 7,596.6 (+11.0) (–3.0) (–0.7) Merchandise trade balance –427.3 –441.1 –420.1 As percentage of imports (%) 11.4 10.9 10.5

Retained imports(1) 1,026.1 1,039.9 1,012.9@ (+17.3) (–10.4)(–2.6)@ Note :  (1) Retained imports refer to imported goods which are retained for use in Hong Kong rather than being re-exported to other places. The value of retained imports is derived by subtracting the estimated import value of re-exports from the value of imports. The former is obtained by removing an estimated re-export margin from the value of re-exports.

15 Merchandise trade by main country/territory

Type of trade/ HK$ billion Main country/territory 2011 2015 2016 Imports 3,764.6 4,046.4 4,008.4 (+11.9) (–4.1) (–0.9) The mainland of China 1,696.8 1,984.0 1,916.8 Taiwan 240.9 274.4 292.1 Singapore 254.6 245.9 261.7 Japan 318.6 260.3 246.7 United States of America 211.4 210.9 206.6 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation 3,172.5 3,500.4 3,476.5 European Union(1) 303.9 278.5 267.0 Domestic exports 65.7 46.9 42.9 (–5.5) (–15.2) (–8.5) The mainland of China 30.7 20.4 18.6 United States of America 7.2 3.9 3.6 Singapore 2.6 2.3 2.6 Vietnam 1.1 1.9 2.0 Taiwan 3.0 2.1 1.8 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation 53.0 38.1 35.4 European Union(1) 4.6 2.8 2.2 Re-exports 3,271.6 3,558.4 3,545.4 (+10.5) (–1.6) (–0.4) The mainland of China 1,716.7 1,916.1 1,924.9 United States of America 323.6 338.3 320.4 India 92.9 101.3 116.2 Japan 133.6 121.7 115.5 Taiwan 82.3 62.9 72.7 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation 2,629.8 2,856.0 2,842.9 European Union(1) 355.2 332.4 328.4 Note :  (1) The 28 members of the European Union (EU) are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Statistics on merchandise trade with the EU in this table are compiled based on the new coverage. They are thus different from figures shown in earlier editions of this booklet.

16 Imports and total exports by end-use category HK$ billion End-use category/Type of trade 2011 2015 2016 Foodstuffs Imports 145.2 172.4 185.6 Total exports 42.0 52.6 63.0 Consumer goods Imports 938.1 861.2 819.4 Total exports 905.3 794.4 740.6 Raw materials and semi-manufactures Imports 1,297.7 1,417.3 1,490.4 Total exports 1,142.4 1,256.5 1,323.9 Fuels Imports 146.0 93.7 75.2 Total exports 7.2 5.6 4.0 Capital goods Imports 1,237.6 1,501.9 1,437.8 Total exports 1,240.3 1,496.3 1,456.7 Total Imports 3,764.6 4,046.4 4,008.4 Total exports 3,337.3 3,605.3 3,588.2

Domestic exports by principal commodity HK$ billion Principal commodity 2011 2015 2016 Jewellery, goldsmiths’ and silversmiths’ 8.5 6.9 6.1 wares, and other articles of precious or semi-precious materials Plastics in primary and non-primary forms 7.5 3.8 3.3 Tobacco, manufactured 2.5 3.5 3.3 Medicinal and pharmaceutical products 2.5 2.9 3.0 Machinery specialised for particular 3.7 3.0 2.6 industries

17 Merchandise trade index numbers (Year 2014=100)

Type of index number/Type of trade 2011 2015 2016 Value index Imports 89.2 95.9 95.0 (+11.9) (–4.1) (–0.9) Domestic exports 118.8 84.8 77.6 (–5.5) (–15.2) (–8.5) Retained imports(1) 88.4 89.6 87.3@ (+17.3) (–10.4) (–2.6)@ Re-exports 90.4 98.4 98.0 (+10.5) (–1.6) (–0.4) Total exports 90.9 98.2 97.7 (+10.1) (–1.8) (–0.5) Unit value index Imports 94.2 99.6 97.9 (+8.1) (–0.4) (–1.7) Domestic exports 95.1 97.0 95.7 (+5.7) (–3.0) (–1.4) Retained imports(1) 98.3 98.2 96.6@ (+9.5) (–1.8) (–1.6)@ Re-exports 93.6 100.1 98.4 (+8.0) (+0.1) (–1.7) Total exports 93.6 100.1 98.4 (+8.0) (+0.1) (–1.7) Quantum index Imports 93.4 96.8 97.8 (+4.1) (–3.2) (+1.0) Domestic exports 122.4 87.2 81.0 (–11.2) (–12.8) (–7.0) Retained imports(1) 87.9 92.6 92.1@ (+7.8) (–7.4) (–0.6)@ Re-exports 95.6 98.4 99.9 (+2.7) (–1.6) (+1.5) Total exports 96.0 98.3 99.6 (+2.4) (–1.7) (+1.4) Terms of trade index(2) 99.4 100.5 100.5 (–0.1) (+0.5) (§) Notes : Figures are annual indices. (1) Retained imports refer to imported goods which are retained for use in Hong Kong rather than being re-exported to other places. The value of retained imports is derived by subtracting the estimated import value of re-exports from the value of imports. The former is obtained by removing an estimated re-export margin from the value of re-exports. (2) Derived from the ratio of the unit value index for total exports to that for imports. § Change within ±0.05%.

18 Exports and imports of services by service component HK$ billion Service component 2011 2015@ 2016@ Exports of services Transport 250.1 230.9 217.7 (+7.8) (–6.8) (–5.7) Travel 221.5 280.2 254.2 (+28.4) (–5.8) (–9.3) Insurance and pension services 6.6 10.1 10.8 (–0.8) (+8.2) (+6.5) Financial services 111.9 148.7 140.7 (+10.1) (+8.5) (–5.4) Other services 120.6 139.0 140.6 (+6.8) (+1.2) (+1.2) Total 710.7 808.9 764.0 (+13.6) (–2.4) (–5.6) Imports of services Transport 139.4 134.2 133.0 (+14.3) (–5.9) (–0.9) Travel 148.1 178.8 187.3 (+9.8) (+4.7) (+4.8) Insurance and pension services 9.3 11.3 11.1 (+0.2) (+0.6) (–1.5) Financial services 30.2 37.3 36.4 (+9.8) (+8.5) (–2.4) Other services 251.1 212.8 210.2 (–0.9) (–0.9) (–1.2) Total 578.0 574.3 578.0 (+5.7) (+0.1) (+0.6) Net exports of services 132.7 234.6 186.1 Note : Figures on exports and imports of services are compiled based on the change of ownership principle in recording goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting under the standards stipulated in the System of National Accounts 2008.

19 National Income and Balance of Payments

Transactions and positions in assets and liabilities vis-à-vis the mainland of China are treated as international transactions and external positions respectively. Examples of international transactions are trade in goods, trade in services and external primary income flows. Examples of external positions are the positions of inward and outward direct investment.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2011 2015@ 2016@ GDP (HK$ billion) At current market prices 1,934.4 2,398.4 2,489.1 (+8.9) (+6.1) (+3.8) In chained (2014) dollars 2,097.4 2,313.6 2,358.6 (+4.8) (+2.4) (+1.9) Per capita GDP (HK$) At current market prices 273,549 328,293 338,806 (+8.2) (+5.2) (+3.2) In chained (2014) dollars 296,600 316,679 321,045 (+4.1) (+1.5) (+1.4)

20 GDP by expenditure component at current market prices 2011 2015@ 2016@ Expenditure components (HK$ billion) Private consumption expenditure 1,224.4 1,593.2 1,645.9 Government consumption expenditure 168.5 231.3 248.1 Gross domestic fixed capital formation 455.3 537.2 535.9 Changes in inventories 11.7 –20.6 9.1 Exports of goods (f.o.b.) 3,406.8 3,889.2 3,900.2 Exports of services 710.7 808.9 764.0 Less : Imports of goods (f.o.b.) 3,465.0 4,066.5 4,036.2 Less : Imports of services 578.0 574.3 578.0 GDP 1,934.4 2,398.4 2,489.1 Ratio of expenditure components to GDP (%) Private consumption expenditure 63.3 66.4 66.1 Government consumption expenditure 8.7 9.6 10.0 Gross domestic fixed capital formation 23.5 22.4 21.5 Changes in inventories 0.6 –0.9 0.4 Exports of goods (f.o.b.) 176.1 162.2 156.7 Exports of services 36.7 33.7 30.7 Less : Imports of goods (f.o.b.) 179.1 169.6 162.2 Less : Imports of services 29.9 23.9 23.2 GDP 100.0 100.0 100.0 Note : Figures on exports and imports of goods and services are compiled based on the change of ownership principle in recording goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting under the standards stipulated in the System of National Accounts 2008. Users should note that the figures of exports and imports of goods in this table are different from those published in external merchandise trade statistics which are not compiled based on the change of ownership principle.

21 GDP by expenditure component 2011 2015@ 2016@ Year-on-year rates of change of GDP and expenditure components (%) In nominal terms GDP +8.9 +6.1 +3.8 Private consumption expenditure +12.3 +6.0 +3.3 Government consumption +7.1 +8.0 +7.3 expenditure Gross domestic fixed capital +17.7 +1.2 –0.2 formation Exports of goods (f.o.b.) +12.8 –2.4 +0.3 Exports of services +13.6 –2.4 –5.6 Imports of goods (f.o.b.) +15.7 –4.0 –0.7 Imports of services +5.7 +0.1 +0.6 In real terms GDP +4.8 +2.4 +1.9 Private consumption expenditure +8.4 +4.8 +1.6 Government consumption +2.5 +3.5 +3.3 expenditure Gross domestic fixed capital +10.2 –3.2 –0.5 formation Exports of goods (f.o.b.) +4.6 –1.7 +1.7 Exports of services +5.7 +0.3 –3.1 Imports of goods (f.o.b.) +6.7 –2.7 +1.0 Imports of services –0.2 +5.1 +1.9 Note : Figures on exports and imports of goods and services are compiled based on the change of ownership principle in recording goods sent abroad for processing and merchanting under the standards stipulated in the System of National Accounts 2008. Users should note that the figures of exports and imports of goods in this table are different from those published in external merchandise trade statistics which are not compiled based on the change of ownership principle.

22 GDP by economic activity at current prices 2011 2014 2015@ Percentage contribution of economic activities to GDP at basic prices (%) Agriculture, fishing, mining § 0.1 0.1 and quarrying Manufacturing 1.6 1.3 1.2 Electricity, gas and water supply, 1.8 1.6 1.5 and waste management Construction 3.4 4.4 4.7 Services 93.1 92.7 92.6 Import/export, wholesale 25.9 24.1 22.7 and retail trades Accommodation(1) and food services 3.5 3.6 3.4 Transportation, storage, postal 6.3 6.2 6.5 and courier services Information and communications 3.3 3.5 3.5 Financing and insurance 16.1 16.7 17.6 Real estate, professional 11.3 10.9 10.9 and business services Public administration, social 16.5 17.2 17.5 and personal services Ownership of premises 10.3 10.5 10.6 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 GDP at basic prices (HK$ billion) 1,901.0 2,206.0 2,326.6 Notes : (1) Accommodation services cover hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses and other establishments providing short term accommodation. § Less than 0.05%.

GDP by economic activity 2011 2015@ 2016@ Year-on-year rates of change in real terms of value added of major economic activities (%) Manufacturing +0.7 –1.5 –0.2 Construction +18.3 +5.4 +0.7 Services +5.2 +1.7 +2.2 of which : Import/export, wholesale +9.1 –1.1 –0.2 and retail trades Accommodation(1) and food services +8.3 –1.9 § Transportation, storage, postal +7.2 +3.3 +3.2 and courier services Information and communications +2.8 +4.0 +3.8 Financing and insurance +6.5 +6.1 +4.8 Real estate, professional +2.6 +0.7 +2.8 and business services Public administration, social +1.8 +2.6 +2.8 and personal services Notes : Figures for 2011 and 2015 refer to the year-on-year rates of change for the whole year, whereas those for 2016 refer to the percentage changes in the first 3 quarters over the same period a year earlier. (1) Accommodation services cover hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses and other establishments providing short term accommodation. § Change within ±0.05%.

23 Gross National Income (GNI) HK$ billion, unless otherwise specified 2011 2014 2015@ In chained (2014) dollars GDP 2,097.4 2,260.0 2,313.6 Net external primary income flows 57.5 46.6 43.5 External primary income inflow 1,153.3 1,254.7 1,247.6 External primary income outflow 1,095.9 1,208.1 1,204.1 RGNI(1) 2,164.3 2,306.6 2,393.8 (+4.8) (+2.7) (+3.8) Per capita GDP (HK$) 296,600 312,082 316,679 Per capita RGNI (HK$) 306,056 318,518 327,656 (+4.1) (+1.9) (+2.9) At current market prices GDP 1,934.4 2,260.0 2,398.4 Net external primary income flows 52.8 46.6 44.4 External primary income inflow 1,059.4 1,254.7 1,274.5 External primary income outflow 1,006.5 1,208.1 1,230.1 GNI 1,987.3 2,306.6 2,442.8 (+9.6) (+5.9) (+5.9) Per capita GDP (HK$) 273,549 312,082 328,293 Per capita GNI (HK$) 281,019 318,518 334,367 (+8.8) (+5.1) (+5.0) Notes : Gross National Income (GNI) is a measure of the total income earned by residents of an economy from engaging in various economic activities, irrespective of whether the economic activities are carried out within the economic territory of the economy or outside. GNI is obtained by adding net external primary income flows (i.e. external primary income inflow minus external primary income outflow) to GDP of the same year. (1) Real Gross National Income (RGNI) is obtained by adding the terms of trade adjustment and real net external primary income flows to real GDP.

24 Balance of Payments (BoP)(1) HK$ billion 2011 2014 2015@ Current account balance(2) 107.5 31.5 79.6 Goods –58.2 –250.9 –177.3 Services 132.7 255.6 234.6 Primary income 52.8 46.6 44.4 Secondary income –19.8 –19.8 –22.1 Capital and financial account –113.2 –73.8 –128.6 balance(2) Capital account –2.0 –0.7 –0.2 Financial non-reserve assets(3) –24.4 66.1 153.6 Direct investment 1.9 –85.7 794.8 Portfolio investment –11.0 –64.4 –970.9 Financial derivatives 20.9 118.4 99.2 Other investment –36.2 97.8 230.5 Reserve assets(3) –86.8 –139.1 –282.0 Net errors and omissions(4) 5.7 42.3 49.1 Overall Balance of Payments 86.8 139.1 282.0 (in surplus) (in surplus) (in surplus) Notes : (1) BoP is a statistical statement that systematically summarises, for a specific time period (typically a year or a quarter), the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of the world (i.e. between residents and non- residents). A complete BoP account comprises two broad accounts: (a) the current account; and (b) the capital and financial account. (2) In accordance with the accounting rules adopted in compiling BoP, a positive value for the balance figure in the current account represents a surplus whereas a negative value represents a deficit. In the capital and financial account, a positive value indicates a net financial inflow while a negative value indicates a net outflow. As increases in external assets are debit entries and decreases are credit entries, a negative value for the reserve assets represents a net increase while a positive value represents a net decrease. (3) The estimates of reserve and non-reserve assets under the BoP framework are transaction figures. Effects of valuation changes (including price changes and exchange rate changes) and reclassifications are not taken into account. (4) In principle, the net sum of credit entries and debit entries is zero. In practice, discrepancies between the credit and debit entries may occur for various reasons as the relevant data are collected from many sources. Equality between the sum of credit entries and that of debit entries is brought about by the inclusion of a balancing item which reflects net errors and omissions.

25 International Investment Position(1) by broad component (as at end of period) HK$ billion Broad component 2011 2014 2015 Assets 24,062.0 32,391.5 33,824.5 Direct investment 8,767.7 12,358.5 13,230.8 Portfolio investment 6,412.5 9,077.7 9,755.5 Financial derivatives 539.2 623.5 641.1 Other investment 6,242.0 7,784.2 7,416.1 Reserve assets 2,100.5 2,547.5 2,780.9 Liabilities 18,539.1 25,642.7 26,049.7 Direct investment 9,198.3 12,714.5 13,697.3 Portfolio investment 2,792.8 4,085.8 3,592.2 Financial derivatives 477.4 550.3 575.7 Other investment 6,070.6 8,292.1 8,184.5 Net International Investment 5,522.9 6,748.8 7,774.7 Position(2) Direct investment –430.6 –356.0 –466.5 Portfolio investment 3,619.7 4,991.9 6,163.3 Financial derivatives 61.9 73.2 65.4 Other investment 171.4 –507.9 –768.4 Reserve assets 2,100.5 2,547.5 2,780.9 Notes : (1) The International Investment Position is a balance sheet showing the stock of Hong Kong’s external financial assets and liabilities at a particular time point. (2) Net International Investment Position is the difference between total external financial assets and total external financial liabilities.

26 Prices

Year-on-year rates of change in the Consumer Price Indices Percentages 2011 2015 2016 Composite Consumer Price Index(1) +5.3 +3.0 +2.4 Food +7.0 +4.0 +3.4 Housing +7.2 +5.1 +3.7 Consumer Price Index (A)(1) +5.6 +4.0 +2.8 Food +7.4 +3.8 +3.6 Housing +7.8 +6.3 +4.2 Consumer Price Index (B)(1) +5.2 +2.9 +2.3 Food +7.0 +3.9 +3.4 Housing +7.1 +4.9 +3.6 Consumer Price Index (C)(1) +5.1 +2.1 +2.1 Food +6.2 +4.2 +3.0 Housing +6.7 +4.1 +3.2 Notes : The year-on-year rate of change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an indicator of inflation affecting consumers. Figures are derived based on the 2014/15-based CPI series. The year-on-year rates of change before October 2015 were derived using the index series in the base periods at that time (for instance the 2009/10-based index series), compared with the index a year earlier in the same base period. (1) The CPI(A), CPI(B) and CPI(C) respectively cover some 50%, 30% and 10% of households in Hong Kong. The average monthly household expenditure (in HK$) of these groups during the base period (i.e. Oct. 2014–Sep. 2015) were $5,500–$24,499, $24,500–$44,499 and $44,500–$89,999 respectively. Taking into account the impact of price changes since the base period, the monthly household expenditure ranges of the CPI(A), CPI(B) and CPI(C) adjusted to the price level of 2016 are broadly equivalent to $5,700– $25,200, $25,200–$45,700 and $45,700–$92,300 respectively, and that of the Composite CPI is broadly equivalent to $5,700–$92,300. The Composite CPI is compiled based on the expenditure patterns of all these households taken together.

Year-on-year rates of change in other price indices Percentages 2011 2015@ 2016@ Implicit price deflator of GDP(1) +3.9 +3.7 +1.8 Domestic demand deflator(2) +4.5 +2.2 +1.6 Notes : (1) The rate of change in the implicit price deflator of GDP is generally used as a broad measure of overall inflation in an economy. It takes account of price changes in both the domestic (final consumption and gross domestic capital formation) and external (exports and imports) sectors. (2) The rate of change in the domestic demand deflator measures the price changes relating to private consumption expenditure, government consumption expenditure and gross domestic capital formation.

27 Business Performance

Regional headquarters, regional offices and local offices in Hong Kong representing parent companies located outside Hong Kong 2011 2015 2016 Number of regional headquarters 1 340 1 401 1 379 Number of regional offices 2 412 2 397 2 352 Number of local offices 3 196 4 106 4 255 Note : Figures refer to the first working day of June of the year.

Index of industrial production (Year 2008=100) 2011 2015 2016 Manufacturing sector 95.7 93.2 92.3 (+0.7) (–1.5) (–0.2) Food, beverages and tobacco 112.8 137.0 142.0 (+7.0) (+4.6) (+4.1) Paper products, printing and 94.6 87.2 84.1 reproduction of recorded media (+1.3) (+0.1) (–0.5) Metal, computer, electronic and 89.2 63.1 62.3 optical products, machinery (–9.4) (–10.9) (–2.6) and equipment Note : Figures for 2011 and 2015 are annual indices, whereas those for 2016 are the averages of the quarterly indices of the first 3 quarters.

Retail sales 2011 2015 2016# Value of total retail sales (HK$ billion) 405.7 475.2 436.6 Value index(1) 83.9 98.3 90.3 (Oct. 2014 – Sep. 2015=100) (+24.9) (–3.7) (–8.1) Volume index(1) 84.9 98.9 91.9 (Oct. 2014 – Sep. 2015=100) (+18.4) (–1.5) (–7.1) Note : (1) Figures are annual indices.

Restaurant receipts 2011 2015 2016# Value of total restaurant 89.3 104.3 107.4 receipts (HK$ billion) Value index(1) 86.4 100.9 103.8 (Oct. 2014 – Sep. 2015=100) (+6.4) (+3.9) (+2.9) Volume index(1) 102.5 99.9 99.7 (Oct. 2014 – Sep. 2015=100) (+1.0) (–0.4) (–0.2) Note : (1) Figures are annual indices.

28 Business Receipts Indices (Quarterly average of 2008=100) 2011 2015 2016 Service industry Import/export trade 117.3 108.8 108.9 (+3.4) (–4.5) (+0.1) Wholesale 130.1 126.1 130.2 (+9.1) (–5.8) (+3.2) Retail 147.4 162.1 149.9 (+27.4) (–4.8) (–7.5) Transportation 108.4 109.0 101.6 (+2.4) (–7.0) (–6.8) Warehousing and storage 123.1 209.9 232.2 (+10.3) (+11.4) (+10.6) Courier 140.5 197.5 222.4 (+11.2) (–7.0) (+12.6) Accommodation services(1) 115.6 137.4 136.7 (+22.4) (–11.1) (–0.5) Food services 112.4 132.3 135.7 (+6.2) (+3.5) (+2.6) Information and communications 110.8 149.9 144.3 (+7.8) (+11.3) (–3.7) Banking 117.2 169.5 176.2 (+7.1) (+0.3) (+3.9) Financing (except banking) 86.9 123.5 129.8 (–11.8) (+4.5) (+5.1) Insurance 123.1 204.5 265.7 (+10.3) (+8.4) (+29.9) Real estate 110.0 167.3 203.0 (–15.4) (+4.8) (+21.3) Professional, scientific and technical 123.9 145.7 149.6 services (+9.3) (+4.4) (+2.7) Administrative and support services 111.8 153.8 154.0 (+8.6) (+6.6) (+0.1) Service domain(2) Tourism, convention and exhibition 173.1 204.6 191.1# services (+22.4) (–6.1) (–6.6)# Computer and information technology 127.7 140.4 134.2 services (+0.8) (–4.0) (–4.4) Notes : Figures refer to the third quarter of the year. (1) Accommodation services cover hotels, guesthouses, boarding houses and other establishments providing short term accommodation. (2) A service domain differs from a service industry in that it comprises those economic activities which straddle different industries but are related to a common theme.

29 Energy

Electricity consumption Terajoules 2011 2015 2016 Domestic 39 872 42 368 40 989 (+1.3) (–2.4) (+1.9) Commercial 100 067 103 893 96 057 (+0.2) (+1.0) (–0.2) Industrial 11 104 11 436 10 378 (+0.2) (+1.4) (–1.6) Street lighting 390 386 354 (–1.9)(–0.1) (+1.3) Exports to the mainland of China 10 645 4 273 4 064 (+13.3) (–3.2) (+4.7) Total 162 077 162 356 151 843 (+1.2) (§) (+0.4) Notes : Figures for 2011 and 2015 refer to the whole year, whereas those for 2016 refer to January to November. 1 terajoule = 1012 joules § Change within ±0.05%.

Gas consumption Terajoules 2011 2015 2016 Domestic 15 500 14 941 15 437 (+1.5) (–3.0) (+3.3) Commercial 11 562 11 813 11 900 (+1.5) (+0.4) (+0.7) Industrial 1 086 1 649 1 477 (+18.4) (–1.4) (–10.5) Total 28 147 28 403 28 814 (+2.1) (–1.5) (+1.4) Note : 1 terajoule = 1012 joules

30 Housing and Property

Permanent living quarters by type

2011 2015 2016 Number % Number % Number % Type of quarters (‘000) (‘000) (‘000) Public rental housing 748 28.7 786 28.8 794 28.9 units(1) Subsidised sale flats(1)(2) 391 15.0 398 14.6 399 14.5 Private permanent 1 465 56.3 1 542 56.6 1 558 56.6 quarters(2)(3) Total 2 603 100.0 2 726 100.0 2 752 100.0 (+0.5) (+1.4) (+1.0) Notes : Figures are as at the end of September of the year. (1) Public rental housing units sold by the Hong Kong Housing Authority are classified as subsidised sale flats. (2) Subsidised sale flats include quarters sold by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and Hong Kong Housing Society that cannot be traded in the open market. Those flats that can be traded in the open market are classified as private permanent quarters. (3) Figures include private residential flats, villas/bungalows/modern village houses, simple stone structures/traditional village houses, quarters in purpose- built staff quarters buildings and quarters known to be used for residential purpose in non-residential buildings, such as commercial buildings and industrial buildings. Quarters known to be used for non-residential purpose and those in hotels and accommodation used for inmates of institutions are excluded.

Property transactions 2011 2015 2016 Value of registered Agreements for Sale and Purchase of property (HK$ billion) Residential property 442.5 416.5 428.0 Non-residential property 145.4 132.1 104.8 Total 587.9 548.7 532.9 (–14.7) (+0.2) (–2.9) Property price index(1) (Year 1999=100) Private domestic units 182.1 296.8 286.1# (+20.7) (+15.5) (–3.6)# Private offices (Grades A, B and C) 297.9 448.9 426.1# (+29.3) (+6.1) (–5.1)# Property rental index(1) (Year 1999=100) Private domestic units 134.0 172.8 168.0# (+11.9) (+8.3) (–2.8)# Private offices (Grades A, B and C) 169.9 226.7 232.3# (+15.1) (+6.1) (+2.5)# Note : (1) Figures are annual indices.

31 Newly completed residential flats by type

2011 2015 2016 Number % Number % Number % Type (‘000) (‘000) (‘000) Public rental housing 17.8 65.3 10.1 44.6* 21.8 59.5 units Subsidised sale flats 0.0 0.0 1.3* 5.8* 0.2 0.6 Private flats 9.4 34.7 11.3 49.6* 14.6 39.9 Total 27.2 100.0 22.8* 100.0 36.6 100.0 (+30.3) (+6.6) (+60.8)

Newly completed private buildings by end-use Usable floor area of ‘000m2 End-use 2011 2015 2016 Total usable floor area 991 1 033 1 229 (–13.0) (–6.0) (+19.0) Residential 472 585 637 (–22.9) (–9.3) (+8.9) Commercial 216 242 262 (+24.5) (+47.1) (+8.2) Industrial 129 53 91 (+265.8) (–69.4) (+73.6) Others 175 153 239 (–45.2) (+30.1) (+55.5) Total cost of construction (HK$ billion) 24.5 49.2 72.1

Private buildings with consent to commence work by end-use Usable floor area of ‘000m2 End-use 2011 2015 2016 Total usable floor area(1) 719 1 427 885 (–17.5) (+47.9) (–38.0) Residential 335 590 418 (+40.1) (+20.8) (–29.2) Commercial 91 249 241 (–38.8) (+7.8) (–3.4) Industrial 109 206 63 (+218.6) (+98.7) (–69.3) Others 184 382 164 (–59.1) (+169.0) (–57.2) Note :  (1) Figures refer to usable floor areas of building projects for which the plans are submitted to the Building Authority for approval for the first time.

32 Government Accounts and Finance

Hong Kong dollar is the legal tender in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, as stated in “The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China”. Foreign currency refers to any currency other than the Hong Kong currency. Accordingly, Chinese Renminbi is also treated as foreign currency. Since October 1983, the Hong Kong dollar has been linked to the US dollar at the fixed rate of HK$7.80 to US$1.00.

Government revenue and expenditure HK$ billion 2010–11 2014–15 2015–16 Operating revenue (a) 299.8 393.9 381.5 Capital revenue (b) 76.7 84.8 68.5 Government revenue (a)+(b) 376.5 478.7 450.0 (+18.2) (+5.1) (–6.0) Operating expenditure (c) 239.3 316.3 347.3 Capital expenditure (d) 62.1 79.9 88.3 Government expenditure (c)+(d) 301.4 396.2 435.6 (+4.3) (–8.6) (+10.0) Note : The financial year runs from 1 April to 31 March.

Public expenditure(1) by policy area group HK$ billion 2010–11 2014–15 2015–16 Community and external affairs 15.1 12.6 13.5 Economic 17.4 20.5 19.1 Education 60.7 73.7 79.0 Environment and food 15.2 21.5 20.8 Health 39.9 57.5 70.4 Housing 16.9 24.4 29.4 Infrastructure 49.0 74.1 81.0 Security 32.6 38.9 43.1 Social welfare 40.5 58.1 64.9 Support 33.3 42.8 46.8 Total 320.6 424.1 468.0 (+4.4) (–7.3) (+10.4) Notes : The financial year runs from 1 April to 31 March. (1) Public expenditure comprises government expenditure and expenditure by other public bodies. It does not include expenditure by those organisations, including statutory organisations, in which the Government has only an equity position, such as the Airport Authority and the MTR Corporation Limited.

33 Fiscal reserves(1) HK$ billion 2010–11 2014–15 2015–16 Balance (as at 31 March) 595.4 828.5 842.9 Note :  (1) The aggregate balance of the General Revenue Account and the Funds as at the end of the financial year. Funds include the Capital Works Reserve Fund, the Capital Investment Fund, the Loan Fund, the Disaster Relief Fund, the Civil Service Pension Reserve Fund, the Land Fund, the Innovation and Technology Fund and the Lotteries Fund.

Foreign currency reserve assets(1) 2011 2015 2016 Foreign currency reserve assets (US$ billion) 285.4 358.8 386.2 Per capita (US$) 40,127 48,981 52,573# In terms of months of retained 25.9 32.1 35.5# imports of goods (no. of months) Ratio to currency in circulation 8.2 7.5 7.1 Notes : Figures are as at the end of the year. (1) Foreign currency reserve assets are the stock of foreign assets held by the Government as investments, and used, where necessary, in financial transactions to support the exchange rate of the domestic currency. Assets held in the Exchange Fund and the Land Fund are both included.

Money supply HK$ billion 2011 2015 2016 M1 Hong Kong dollar 794.7 1,253.4 1,428.8 Foreign currency 332.6 717.8 785.2 Total 1,127.3 1,971.1 2,214.0 (+10.8) (+15.4) (+12.3) M3 Hong Kong dollar(1) 4,055.4 5,778.8 6,292.6 Foreign currency(2) 4,025.7 5,876.2 6,258.6 Total 8,081.1 11,655.0 12,551.2 (+12.9) (+5.5) (+7.7) Notes : Figures are as at the end of the year.  Figures are subject to revision to take into account any subsequent amendments submitted by authorized institutions. (1) Adjusted to include foreign currency swap deposits. (2) Adjusted to exclude foreign currency swap deposits.

34 Deposits, loans and advances of authorized institutions 2011 2015 2016 Number of authorized institutions 194 197 192 in operation (+1.0) (–2.5) (–2.5) Licensed banks 149 156 153 Restricted licence banks 19 23 22 Deposit-taking companies 26 18 17 Deposits from customers(1) 7,591.3 10,749.7 11,727.2 (HK$ billion) (+10.6) (+6.7) (+9.1) Licensed banks 7,567.7 10,719.5 11,689.3 Restricted licence banks 17.2 24.7 32.2 Deposit-taking companies 6.4 5.5 5.7 Loans and advances for use in 3,360.8 4,800.1 5,186.0 Hong Kong(1)(2) (HK$ billion) (+12.5) (+6.3) (+8.0) Licensed banks 3,323.2 4,755.6 5,146.1 Restricted licence banks 16.9 32.4 27.9 Deposit-taking companies 20.7 12.0 12.1 Total loans and advances to 5,080.7 7,534.5 8,023.4 customers(1) (HK$ billion) (+20.2) (+3.5) (+6.5) Licensed banks 5,020.5 7,460.1 7,954.0 Restricted licence banks 34.4 56.9 52.4 Deposit-taking companies 25.8 17.5 17.0 Notes : Figures are as at the end of the year. (1) Figures are subject to revision to take into account any subsequent amendments submitted by authorized institutions. (2) Excluding loans for trade financing.

Hong Kong dollar interest rates % per annum 2011 2015 2016 Hong Kong Dollar Interest Settlement Rates(1) Overnight 0.39 0.05 0.66 3 months 0.38 0.39 1.02 Best Lending Rate(2) 5.00 5.00 5.00 Savings deposit rate(3) 0.01 0.01 0.01 Notes : (1) The Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB) is the source and owner of the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) Interest Settlement Rates. Daily HKD Interest Settlement Rates are fixed by reference to market rates for HKD deposits in the Hong Kong interbank market. These fixings are usually released on the basis of quotations provided by 12 to 20 banks designated by the HKAB. The HKD Interest Settlement Rates are calculated by averaging the middle quotes after excluding the highest three quotes and lowest three quotes received from the reference banks. Figures are as at the end of the year.  (2) Rate quoted by the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. Figures are the average rates in the year. (3) Figures are the average rates compiled by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.

35 Exchange rates 2011 2015 2016 Hong Kong dollar per unit of foreign currency Chinese renminbi 1.2069 1.2299 1.1664 US dollar 7.784 7.752 7.762 Euro 10.84 8.60 8.59 Japanese yen 0.0978 0.0640 0.0716 Note : Figures are the averages of the daily closing middle-market rates for the respective years.

Effective Exchange Rate Index 2011 2015 2016 Effective Exchange Rate Index for Hong Kong dollar (January 2010=100) Trade (import and export)-weighted(1) 94.6 101.3 104.1 Note : (1) The weights used are based on the average trade pattern of 2009 to 2010.

Value of stock exchange turnover, market capitalisation and index of share prices 2011 2015 2016 Main Board Turnover (HK$ billion) 17,091.1 25,836.0 16,280.0 Market capitalisation(1) (HK$ billion) 17,452.7 24,425.6 24,450.4 Hang Seng Index (31.7.1964=100) High 24 419.6 28 442.8 24 099.7 Low 16 250.3 20 556.6 18 319.6 Closing 18 434.4 21 914.4 22 000.6 Hang Seng Composite Index (3.1.2000=2 000) High 3 425.0 4 014.4 3 249.2 Low 2 191.7 2 815.7 2 480.0 Closing 2 546.6 3 021.5 2 994.6 Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (3.1.2000=2 000) High 13 684.1 14 801.9 10 058.0 Low 8 102.6 9 103.2 7 505.4 Closing 9 936.5 9 661.0 9 394.9 Notes : All high and low indices are compiled based on the daily closing indices of the year. (1) Figures are as at the end of the year.

36 Science and Technology

Penetration of information technology into households Percentages 2010 2014 2015 Households with personal computers 77.9 81.3 80.4 at home(1) Households with personal computers 76.4 78.7 79.0 at home connected to the Internet(1) Notes : Figures for 2010 refer to October to December, figures for 2014 refer to June to August and figures for 2015 refer to May to August. (1) As a percentage of all households in Hong Kong.

Usage of information technology among household members Percentages 2009(2) 2014 2015 Persons aged 10 and over who had 70.2 73.5 78.6 used personal computers during the 12 months before enumeration(1) Persons aged 10 and over who had 69.4 79.9 84.9 used Internet service during the 12 months before enumeration(1) Notes : Figures for 2009 and 2014 refer to June to August of the respective years, whereas figures for 2015 refer to May to August. (1) As a percentage of all persons aged 10 and over in Hong Kong. (2) Figures for 2010 are not available.

37 Transport, Communications and Tourism

Data on the following categories of statistics include the corresponding flows/ transactions between Hong Kong and the mainland of China : (i) Inward and outward movements of aircraft, vessels and cargoes; (ii) Postal services; (iii) Hong Kong resident departures; and (iv) Visitor arrivals.

Inward and outward movements of aircraft and ocean vessels 2011 2015 2016# Aircraft (’000) 334 406 412 Ocean vessels (million net registered tonnage) 852 815 804

Inward and outward movements of cargo ’000 tonnes 2011 2015 2016 Discharged By air 1 442 1 596 1 649# By water(1) 157 841 152 808 148 626# By ocean 120 185 112 180 108 975# By river 37 656 40 628 39 651# By road 15 906 14 469* 13 985 Total 175 190 168 873 164 261# Loaded By air 2 496 2 784 2 873# By water(1) 119 603 103 751 105 440# By ocean 74 742 56 406 53 250# By river 44 862 47 345 52 190# By road 10 811 8 375* 7 901 Total 132 910 114 910 116 214# Note : (1) Ocean refers to transport by vessels operating beyond the river trade limits, while river refers to transport by vessels operating exclusively within the river trade limits.

Port container throughput ’000 TEUs 2011 2015 2016# Inward 12 294 10 279 10 221 Outward 12 090 9 794 9 411 Total 24 384 20 073 19 632 Note : TEU refers to a 20-foot equivalent unit.

38 Public transport passenger journeys ’000 2011 2015 2016# Average daily passenger journeys 11 898 12 601 12 556 Note : Figures for 2011 and 2015 are averages of the whole year, whereas that for 2016 is the average of January to November.

Motor vehicles licensed by type ’000 Type 2011 2015 2016 Private cars 435 522 536 Motorcycles (including motor tricycles) 39 48 50 Taxis 18 18 18 Buses, public and private 13 13 14 Light buses, public and private 7 7 7 Goods vehicles 111 112 112 Special purpose vehicles 1 2 2 Government vehicles (excluding military 6 6 6 vehicles) Total 630 728 746 Note : Figures are as at the end of the year.

Public roads Kilometres 2011 2015 2016 Length of public roads 2 086 2 101 2 107

Postal services 2011 2015 2016 Letter mail (million articles) 1 297 1 203 1 217 Parcels (‘000) 1 392 1 105 1 015

39 Access to information and communication technology 2011 2015 2016 Number of telephone lines(1) (‘000) Business 1 840 1 855 1 858 Residential 2 412 2 356 2 361 Total 4 252 4 211 4 219 Number of fixed telephone lines 598 575 574# per 1 000 population Number of facsimile lines (‘000) 233 177 168 Number of public mobile subscribers(2) 14 931 16 775 17 242 (‘000) [7 166] [7 972] [8 101] Public mobile subscribers per 1 000 2 099 2 290 2 347# population(2) [1 008] [1 088] [1 103]# Number of 2.5G/3G/4G public mobile 8 423 14 776 15 834 subscribers(3) (‘000) Average volume of mobile data usage 491 1 354 1 558 per 2.5G/3G/4G subscriber per month(4) (megabytes) Number of licensed Internet service 185 215 223 providers (ISPs)(5) Number of customers of licensed ISPs(6) Registered customer accounts with 789 200 194 dial-up access(7) (‘000) Registered broadband Internet access 2 245 2 336 2 431 customer accounts (‘000) Fixed Internet subscribers per 1 000 427 347 358# population Fixed broadband Internet subscribers 316 319 331# per 1 000 population Mobile broadband subscribers 1 043 1 931 2 120# per 1 000 population International Internet bandwidth 913.1 4 197.7 5 159.6# per person(8) (kilobits per second (kbps)) Notes : Unless otherwise specified, figures for 2011 and 2015 are as at the end of the year, whereas those for 2016 are as at the end of November. (1) Figures include direct dialling in lines, facsimile lines, datel lines and subscribers of Internet Protocol (IP) telephony/voice-over-IP (VoIP) services. (2) Including pre-paid SIM cards. Figures excluding pre-paid SIM cards are presented in square brackets. (3) Figures include subscribers of pre-paid SIM cards. (4) Figures for 2011 and 2015 refer to December of the respective years, whereas figure for 2016 refers to November. (5) Including all licensees authorised to provide Internet access services. (6) Estimated figures are based on returns from the ISPs and do not include users who are not customers of the licensed ISPs. (7) Excluding Internet pre-paid calling cards. (8) Figures for 2011 and 2015 are as at the end of December of the respective years, whereas figure for 2016 is as at the end of September.

40 Arrivals and departures of passengers by mode of transport ‘000 Mode of transport 2011 2015 2016 Arrivals By air(1) 18 209 23 597 24 711 By sea 12 748 12 463 12 208 By land 95 778 112 259 111 475 Total 126 734 148 320 148 393 Departures By air(1) 17 386 22 771 23 973 By sea 14 444 15 147 14 482 By land 94 840 110 383 109 848 Total 126 670 148 301 148 303 Note : (1) Including helicopter passengers to and from Macao. Hong Kong resident departures by control point ‘000 Control point 2011 2015 2016 Airport 7 130 10 443 11 285 Harbour Control(1) 137 5 3 Macau Ferry Terminal(2) 5 765 5 426 5 164 China Ferry Terminal(3)(4) 2 311 1 857 1 709 Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal(5) 144 — 278 River Trade Terminal § § § Kai Tak Cruise Terminal(4)(6) — 459 415 Hung Hom Control Point 876 901 849 Lo Wu Control Point 36 258 29 527 29 439 Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Control Point 13 092 20 131 21 833 Lok Ma Chau Control Point 10 773 8 954 8 684 Man Kam To Control Point(7) 86 933 1 063 Sha Tau Kok Control Point 1 155 1 038 1 023 Shenzhen Bay Control Point 7 089 9 408 10 014 Total 84 816 89 082 91 758 (+0.4) (+5.4) (+3.0) Notes : Figures exclude drivers. (1) Figures before 30 September 2013 included passengers on cruise liners. Starting from 30 September 2013, figures for these passengers are included in the figures for Kai Tak Cruise Terminal. (2) Including helicopter passengers to Macao. (3) Figures refer to Hong Kong resident departures with immigration clearance handled by the China Ferry Terminal Section of the Immigration Department. (4) Including passengers by cruises to high seas. (5) Ferry services at Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal were suspended from 16 December 2010 to 14 April 2011. Tuen Mun Ferry Terminal then provided ferry services between Tuen Mun and Macao during 15 April 2011 to 30 June 2012. From 28 January 2016 onwards, ferry services provided at the Terminal have been resumed. (6) Started operation as from 12 June 2013. Figures refer to Hong Kong resident departures with immigration clearance handled by the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal Section of the Immigration Department. (7) From 22 February 2010 to 25 August 2013, clearance services for passengers at Man Kam To Control Point were suspended. During the suspension period, the clearance services were provided to goods vehicles and cross-boundary students, whereas clearance services were also provided to passengers using limited cross-boundary bus services since 27 March 2010. § Less than 500 departures.

41 Visitor arrivals by country/territory of residence ‘000 Country/Territory of residence 2011 2015 2016 Africa 194 157 145 The Americas 1 821 1 728 1 773 Australia, New Zealand & South Pacific 758 681 684 Europe 1 801 1 829 1 905 Middle East 199 180 176 North Asia 2 305 2 293 2 485 South & Southeast Asia 3 751 3 559 3 702 Taiwan 2 149 2 016 2 011 The mainland of China 28 100 45 842 42 778 Macao SAR 843 1 021 995 Not identified § § § Total 41 921 59 308 56 655 (+16.4) (–2.5) (–4.5) Note : § Less than 500 arrivals.

Hotel accommodation 2011 2015 2016 All hotels Number of hotels(1) 190 253 263 Number of rooms(1) 62 830 73 846 74 868 Room occupancy rate(2) (%) 89 86 87#

Guesthouses(3) Number of guesthouses(1) 889 1 356 1 464 Number of rooms(1) 8 095 11 712 12 438 Room occupancy rate(2) (%) — 79 77# Notes : (1) Number of licensed hotels and guesthouses are obtained from the Office of the Licensing Authority, Home Affairs Department. Figures are as at the end of the year. (2) Figures refer to the whole year. (3) Guesthouses include tourist guesthouses and local people guesthouses. The room occupancy rate is available from January 2015 onwards.

42 Education

Student enrolment(1) by level of education ‘000 Level of education 2011/12 2015/16 2016/17# Kindergarten(2) 159.0 187.2 185.8 Primary(3) 326.2 340.9 352.5 Secondary(3)(4) 486.9 371.9 356.6 Post-secondary(5)(6) 294.4 328.8 324.1 Notes : Figures refer to the beginning of the respective school/academic years. The beginning and ending months of a school/academic year may vary among different educational and training institutions. (1) Figures include both full-time and part-time students attending long programmes lasting for at least one school/academic year. Figures do not include students attending adult education/tutorial/vocational courses offered by schools below post-secondary education level. (2) Figures include pupils attending kindergarten classes (i.e. nursery, lower and upper classes) in kindergarten-cum-child care centres and special child care centres registered under the Social Welfare Department. (3) Figures include students in special schools. (4) Figures also include students attending evening schools, craft level courses and programmes of the Project Yi Jin/Diploma Yi Jin. Prior to 2012/13, secondary education covers Secondary 1 to Secondary 7. Upon implementation of the New Senior Secondary Academic Structure, there are no subsidised Secondary 7 places under local curriculum starting from the 2012/13 school year. (5) Figures include students attending universities and colleges offering post- secondary courses including certificate/diploma, associate degree or equivalent and bachelor degree or above; and also non-local registered or exempted courses leading to non-local higher academic qualifications and operated jointly with non-local institutions. (6) Figures include all students attending self-financing programmes offered by the University Grants Committee-funded institutions and their extension arms.

Distribution of educational attainment of population aged 15 and over** Percentages Educational attainment 2011 2015 2016# Primary and below 21.2 18.9 19.0 Secondary 52.0 50.3 50.0 Post-secondary Diploma/Certificate course 2.7 2.6 7.4 Sub-degree course } 4.8 4.9 Degree course 19.4 23.3 23.5 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

43 Health

Expectation of life at birth by sex Years Sex 2011 2014 2015 Male 80.3 81.2 81.4 Female 86.7 86.9 87.3

Registered deaths and death rate by leading cause of death 2011 2015 2016# Cause Number Rate(1) Number Rate(1) Number Rate(1) Malignant 13 241 187.2 14 316 196.0 14 181 193.0 neoplasms Pneumonia 6 211 87.8 8 004 109.6 8 217 111.8 Diseases of 6 334 89.6 6 190 84.7 6 174 84.0 heart Cerebrovascular 3 339 47.2 3 259 44.6 3 211 43.7 diseases External causes 1 567 22.2 1 994 27.3 1 372 18.7 of morbidity and mortality Notes : Ranking of causes of death is in accordance with the number of registered deaths in the year of 2015. (1) Death rate per 100 000 population.

Infant mortality rate 2011 2015 2016# Infant mortality rate 1.4 1.5 1.6 (per 1 000 registered live births)

44 Hospital beds and selected types of registered healthcare professionals 2011 2015 2016 Hospital beds Cap. 165 Ordinance definition(1) 36 121 38 287 39 090 [5.1] [5.2] [5.3] OECD definition(2) 28 443 29 191 29 553 [4.0] [4.0] [4.0] Doctors(3) 12 818 13 726 14 013 [1.8] [1.9] [1.9] Chinese medicine practitioners Registered Chinese medicine 6 414 7 071 7 262 practitioners(4) [0.9] [1.0] [1.0] Chinese medicine practitioners 70 55 47 with limited registration(5) [§] [§] [§] Listed Chinese medicine 2 746 2 661 2 647 practitioners(6) [0.4] [0.4] [0.4] Dentists(3) 2 215 2 382 2 441 [0.3] [0.3] [0.3] Nurses(7) 41 310 50 461 52 389 [5.8] [6.9] [7.1] Pharmacists 2 050 2 504 2 659 [0.3] [0.3] [0.4] Notes : Figures are as at the end of the year. Figures in square brackets refer to the rates per 1 000 population. Year-end population is used to calculate the figures in 2011 and 2015 while mid-year population is used for the figures in 2016. Rates for 2016 are provisional figures. (1) Figures include all hospital beds in Hospital Authority hospitals, private hospitals, nursing homes and correctional institutions, which follow the coverage of the Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Maternity Homes Registration Ordinance, Cap. 165, Laws of Hong Kong. (2) Figures include only hospital beds in Hospital Authority hospitals and private hospitals excluding accident and emergency observation beds, day beds and nursery beds, which follow the definition of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (3) Figures refer to the doctors/dentists with full registration on the local and overseas lists. (4) After full implementation of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance, Cap. 549, Laws of Hong Kong, all Chinese medicine practitioners (CMPs) should be registered before they can practise Chinese medicine in Hong Kong. Any person who wishes to be a registered CMP should have satisfactorily completed an approved undergraduate degree course of training in Chinese medicine practice, taken and passed the Licensing Examination. (5) CMPs with limited registration are allowed to perform clinical teaching and research in Chinese medicine in the specified educational and scientific research institutions. The registration period of CMPs with limited registration should not exceed one year and they cannot engage in private practice with patients. (6) Listed CMPs can practise lawfully in Hong Kong under the transitional arrangements for registration of CMPs until a date to be announced by the Secretary for Food and Health in the Gazette. Listed CMPs may become registered CMPs through direct registration, registration assessment or the Licensing Examination during the transitional arrangements. (7) Figures refer to registered nurses and enrolled nurses. § Less than 0.05.

45 Social Welfare

Social security 2011 2015 2016 Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme Number of cases(1) (‘000) 277 244 237 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 18,493 20,669 22,313

Social Security Allowance Scheme Disability Allowance(3) Number of cases(1) (‘000) 140 134 141 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 2,613 3,005 3,548 Old Age Allowance(3) Number of cases(1) (‘000) 518 222 236 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 6,449 3,013 3,756 Guangdong Scheme(4) Number of cases(1) (‘000) — 16 15 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) — 275 282 Old Age Living Allowance(3) Number of cases(1) (‘000) — 429 443 Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) — 12,292 14,087

Traffic Accident Victims Assistance Scheme Number of cases authorised for 7 054 7 282 7 292 payment Amount of payment(2) (HK$ million) 187 215 229 Notes : (1) Figures are as at the end of the year. (2) Figures refer to the financial years of 2010–11, 2014–15 and 2015–16. (3) The Old Age Living Allowance (OALA) was launched in April 2013. Eligible Old Age Allowance recipients and Disability Allowance recipients aged 65 or above were gradually converted to receive OALA payment with effect from April 2013. (4) The Guangdong Scheme was launched in October 2013.

46 Law and Order

Reported crimes by type of offence Cases reported Type of offence 2011 2015 2016 Violent crime 13 100 10 889 10 103 Non-violent crime 62 836 55 550 50 543 Total 75 936 66 439 60 646 Overall crime rate (per 100 000 population) 1 074 909* 825 Violent crime rate (per 100 000 population) 185 149 138

Persons arrested for crime by type of offence Persons arrested Type of offence 2011 2015 2016 Violent crime 8 962 6 871 6 474 Non-violent crime 29 365 26 907 26 768 Total 38 327 33 778 33 242 Rate of persons arrested for crime 583 501 491 (per 100 000 population aged 10 and over)

47 Further Information

Figures presented in this booklet refer to those released up to 22 February 2017, whereas the latest figures are updated regularly in the “Hong Kong in Figures (Latest Figures)” section of the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) website (www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/hkif/index.jsp). More statistical information on Hong Kong is available in the “Hong Kong Statistics” section of C&SD website (www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/bbs.jsp). The section also provides hyperlinks to relevant government websites to facilitate searches of other official statistics of Hong Kong. For more detailed information, please refer to the following publications : 1. Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics Provides up-to-date statistical information about various aspects of economic and social situation of Hong Kong. 2. Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics Provides detailed annual statistical series about various aspects of economic and social development of Hong Kong. The above publications and other publications compiled by C&SD can be obtained from the following channels : Website Users may download statistical publications free of charge from the C&SD website (www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/quicklink/index.jsp). Publications Unit of C&SD A few ad hoc publications of C&SD are available in print versions. These print versions are available for purchase at the Publications Unit of C&SD. Regarding the details of the ad hoc publications with print versions, users may browse through the Government Bookstore of the Information Services Department (www.bookstore.gov.hk) or contact the Publications Unit of C&SD. The Publications Unit of C&SD also provides a reading area where users may browse through the latest issue of various publications of the department on display. The address of the Publications Unit is : 19/F, Wanchai Tower, 12 Harbour Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. (Tel. : (852) 2582 3025; Fax : (852) 2827 1708) Order service A few ad hoc publications of C&SD are available in print versions and are offered for sale online at the Government Bookstore of the Information Services Department (www.bookstore.gov.hk). A mail order form for ordering print versions of publications is also available for downloading on the website of the department (www.censtatd.gov.hk/service_desk/list/mail/index.jsp). Completed form should be sent back together with a cheque or bank draft covering all necessary cost.

48 Cover designed by the Information Services Department Printed by the Government Logistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (Printed with environmentally friendly ink on recycled paper)