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« La Traduction De La Pensée Culturelle Russe Par Desiderio Navarro À Cuba, 1960-2009 » « La traduction de la pensée culturelle russe par Desiderio Navarro à Cuba, 1960-2009 » par Raul Ernesto Colón Rodriguez École de traduction et d'interprétation de l'Université d'Ottawa Sous la supervision des professeurs Clara Foz et Salah Basalamah, de l'École de traduction et d'interprétation Thèse déposée à la Faculté des Études supérieures et postdoctorales de l'Université d'Ottawa en accomplissement partiel des exigences pour la Maîtrise en Traductologie Le 29 juillet 2011 Ottawa, Canada © Raul Ernesto Colón Rodriguez, Ottawa, Canada, 2011 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-86718-1 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-86718-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Remerciements À mon père, José Ramón Colón Abreu, qui sut toujours donner la priorité à la famille sur l'idéologie. À Natasha, sans qui rien n'aurait été possible et pour le grand cadeau de nos vies qui est Béatrice Paloma, née au cours de cette recherche. Un grand merci à Clara Foz, pour la confiance et la persévérance. De même à Salah Basalamah, pour la féconde insistance. Merci à Luise von Flotow, à Marc Charron, à Annie Brisset, à Charles Le Blanc, à Elizabeth Marshman, à Ryan Fraser, et à tous les professeurs de l'ÉTI, de l'Université d'Ottawa pour l'encouragement. Merci à mes collègues étudiants à la maîtrise et au doctorat pour le riche partage. i Table des matières Remerciements.......................................................................................................i Table des matières ................................................................................................ii Résumé.................................................................................................................iv Abstract..................................................................................................................v Introduction............................................................................................................1 Premier chapitre. Contexte historique et trajectoire du traducteur................11 1.1. Périodisation de l'histoire de la traduction à Cuba. Révision critique...........11 1.2. La traduction des théories à Cuba, une oubliée de l'histoire de la traduction?...........................................................................................................18 1.3. La trajectoire du traducteur..........................................................................20 1.3.1. Desiderio Navarro avant 1959.................................................................20 1.3.2. Années 60, autoformation et début de l'activité traductive et sociale......21 1.3.3. Années 70 et 80, création de la revue Criterios et traduction de la théorie culturelle antidogmatique russe : traduction et résistance...................................25 1.3.4. Années 90 et 2000. Reconnaissance internationale et travail de traduction, de création et de partage des idées : le Centre Théorico-Culturel Criterios................................................................................................................31 1.4. Traduction et activisme comme moyens de résistance culturelle et théorique à la doxa..............................................................................................................35 Deuxième chapitre. L'anthologie El Pensamiento cultural ruso en criterios. Le traducteur en action..........................................................................................42 2.1. Contexte (cubain) et textes (russes)............................................................42 ii 2.2. Le paratexte navarrien.................................................................................59 2.3. Analyse de la terminologie...........................................................................70 2.4. Orthographe et ponctuation.........................................................................76 2.5. Traduction et production théorique..............................................................79 Troisième chapitre. Transculturation, antinéocolonialisme et activisme social...................................................................................................................86 3.1. La transculturation, un concept en évolution...............................................89 3.1.1. Fernando Ortíz (1881-1969)....................................................................89 3.1.2. Bastide, Rama et Glissant. La transculturation revue et actualisée........95 3.1.4. Desiderio Navarro, traducteur transculturel...........................................106 3.2. Un antinéocolonialisme nationaliste et marxiste non orthodoxe................113 3.2.1. L'antinéocolonial: une critique interne et externe...................................120 3.2.2. Desiderio Navarro, traducteur antinéocolonial, nationaliste et marxiste non orthodoxe....................................................................................................124 3.2.3. Deux générations et deux époques différentes.....................................126 Conclusion.........................................................................................................137 Bibliographie......................................................................................................149 Annexes.............................................................................................................168 iii Résumé : Desiderio Navarro (1948 -), traducteur, penseur, théoricien, éditeur et activiste culturel demeure peu connu au Canada et en Amérique du Nord en général ainsi qu’en Europe où son œuvre a pourtant été reconnue en 2009 par l’octroi du prix Prince Claus des Pays-Bas. Il a considérablement influencé la pensée culturelle cubaine et latino-américaine des quarante dernières années, en particulier grâce à la revue Criterios, fondée par lui en 1972, et qui, depuis, n’a cessé d’offrir au public hispanophone les principaux écrits des théoriciens russes de la littérature, de l’esthétique, de l’art et de la culture (Bakhtine et Lotman, entre autres). L'activité de traduction de théories n’a cependant pas été un objectif en soi pour Desiderio Navarro. Cette thèse montre en effet que la trajectoire de cet intellectuel engagé représente, d’un côté, une lutte permanente contre des doxas autant nationales qu'internationales, et, de l’autre, un effort constant pour diffuser les nouvelles théories et les idées, stimuler la création théorique et artistique, et ce afin d’encourager le rôle de l'intellectuel critique dans une société soumise de manière permanente à un stress idéologique. Dans le cas de Navarro, traduction, théorie et activisme social se combinent dans une équation à caractère récursif. Ce travail analyse un corpus de traductions de la pensée culturelle russe, traduit et publié par Navarro en 2009, sous la forme d'une anthologie. Cette analyse permet de souligner le poids et l’impact de deux conditions déterminantes dans son travail de traducteur: son identité transculturelle et son positionnement antinéocolonial. iv Abstract Desiderio Navarro (1948 -), translator, thinker, theoretician and cultural activist remains almost unknown in Canada, North America, and even in Europe, despite the fact that his work was recognized in 2009 with the Prince Claus Award from the Netherlands. He has considerably influenced the Cuban and Latin-American cultural thinking for the last forty years, particularly thanks to the journal Criterios, that he founded in 1972. Since then, this publication has continuously offered to the Hispanic public critical essays on aesthetics, theories of literature, arts and culture produced by Russian theoreticians (Bakhtine and Lotman, among others). Navarro's translation of theories, however, was not a goal
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