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INDEX Note. Numbers in parenthues and in 8quare brackets are boiling poi1iU and melting poi1iU, respectively; others are page numbers. Abbe refractometer, 46 a-Acetyl-,'J-phenylhydrazine [128), 285 Absorption maxima. 180 Acetylpiperidine (226). 285 Acenaphthene [95], 313 solubility, 89 Acetal (102), 273 Acetylsalicylic acid [135), 278 solubility, 89 Acetylurea [218), 286 Acetaldehyde (21), 283 Acid anhydrides, derivatives of, 196 Acetals, derivatives of, 195 table of, 274 table of. 273 Acid chlorides, 97 Acetamide [82], 285 Acid halides, derivatives of, 196 solubility, 89 table of, 274 Acetanilide [1141. 285 Acidity, effect of structure on, 74 Acetates, 212 electronic effects on, 74 Acetic acid (118), 276 steric effects on, 76 Acetic anhydride (138), 274 Acids, derivatives of, 196 Acetoacetanilide [85], 285 table of, 276 2-Acet.o-p-cymene (250), 317 Aconitic acid [191), 279 Acetoin (142) [15), 280. 282, 316 Acridine [1081, 298 Acetol (146). 280, 316 Acrolein (52), 283 Acetomesitylene (245), 317 Acrolein acetal (126), 273 Acetone (56), 316 Acrylic acid (140), 276 Acetonedicarboxylic acid [135 d.). 278 Acrylonitrile (78), 321 Acetonitrile (81), 321 9-Acylamidoxanth9nes,222 Acetonylacetone (188), 317 Additivity principle, 185 Acetophenone (200), 317 Adipic acid [152], 278 solubility, 89 solubility, 89 m-Acetotoluide [65). 285 D-Alanine'[297 d.), 300 o-Acetotoluide [112), 285 L-Alanine [297 d.), 300 p-Acetotoluide [153], 286 dl-Alanine [295 cl.. ), 300 Acetoxime. solubility, 89 I3-Alanine [196), 299 p-Acetoxy-N-methylacetanilide [98). Alcohols, derivatives of, 206 285 Acetylacetone (139). 316 table of, 280 Acetylanthranilic acid [185], 279 Aldehydes, derivativos of, 214 Acetyl bromide (81),274 methone derivatives of, 220 Acetyl chloride (55),274 oxidation of, 218 Acetylenedicarboxylic acid [179), 279 table of, 283 a-Acetyl-IJ-methylurea [180), 286 Alizarin 1289), 319 393 394 INDEX INDEX Alkenyl halides, derivatives of, 242 m-Aminobenzenesulfonamide [142], 2-Amino-4-isopropyltoluene (242), ""AI table of, 308 327 290 so Alkyl halides, derivatives of, 242 o-Aminobenzenesulfonamide [153], p-Amino-N-methylacetanilide [631, ""AI table of, 309 327 292 ""AI S-Alkylisothiourea picrates, 245 p-Aminobenzenesulfonamide [163], o-Amino-N-methylaniline (245), 290 terf,.J Alkylmercuric halides, 244 327 p-Amino-N-methylaniline (258), 290 ""Ali Alkyl (j-naphthyl ethers, 244 m-Aminobenzoic acid [174 do], 299 2-Amino-5-methylbenzene-l,3-disul­ ""Ali O-Alkylsaccharin derivatives, 208 p-Aminobenzoic acid [186 dol, 299 fonamide [2571, 328 terf,...J p-Aminobenzophenone [124], 294 D-Allothreonine [272 do], 299 2-Amino-5-methylbenzene-l,3-disul­ ""Aq 2-Aminobiphenyl (299) [45], 291 rrAliothreonine [272 do], 299 fonyl chloride [156], 332 ""Aq 4-Aminobiphenyl (302) [53], 291 dl-Allothreonine [252 dol, 299 2-Amino-5-nitro-l,4-dimethylben­ ""Aq Alloxan [170 do], 286 2-Amino-5-bromotoluene [59], 292 zene [1421, 294 terf,...A Allyl acetate (103), 302 4-Amino-3-bromotoluene (240) [26], 4-Amino-5-nitro-l,3-dimethylben­ ""An solubility, 89 290,291 zene [761, 292 Bee-A Allyl alcohol (97), 280 D-a-Amino-n-butyric acid [285 do], 4-Amino-6-nitro-l,3-dimethylben­ ""An solubility, 89 300 zene [123], 294 ""An: Allylamine (56), 288 dl-a-Amino-n-butyric acid [307 d.l, l-Amino-2-nitronaphthalene [144], p-tert Allylbenzene (157), 315 300 295 ""An: Allyl benzoate (230), 303 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol (134), 288 l-Amin0-4-nitronaphthalene [1951, Anetl Allyl bromide (71), 308 3-Amino-6-chlorotoluene (241) [83], 295 Ange: Allyl chloride (46), 308 293 2-Amino-5-nitronaphthalene [1441, Anili< Allyl cyanide (118), 321 2-Amino-3,5-dichlorotoluene [SO], 291 294 AniliI Allyl ethyl ether (65), 306 4-Amino-3,5-dichlorotoluene [60], 292 2-Amin0-3-nitrotoluene [97], 003 soh Allyl formate (83), 302 p-Amino-N,N-diethylaniline (262), 2-Amino-4-nitrotoluene [1071, 294 Anisa Allyl iodide (103), 308 290 2-Amino-5-nitrotoluene [1301, 294 Anisi< Allylurea [80], 285 o-Amino-N,N-dimethylaniline (217), 3-Amino-6-nitrotoluene [135], 294 m-An Aluminum chloride, anhydrous, 99 289 4-Amino-2-nitrotoluene [771. 292 o-Anil Amides, derivatives of, 220 p-Amino-iV,N-dimethylaniline (262) 4-Amino-3-nitrotoluene [116], 294 p-AniJ preparation of, 200, 226 [41],291 m-Aminophenol [1221, 294 Anisol table of, 285 2-Amino-l,3-dimethylbenzene (216), solubility, 89 Anisy Amines, primary and secondary de­ 289 o-Aminophenol [1741,295 Anisyl rivatives of, 222 2-Amino-l,4-dimethylbenzene (215) solubility, 89 Anthr table of, 288 p-Aminophenol [184 do], 295 [15], 289, 291 Anthr tertiary, derivatives of, 228 solubility, 89 4-Amino-l,2-dimethylbenzene (226) solu quaternary ammonium salts of, p-Aminophenylacetic acid [200 dol, [49], 291 Anthr. 228 4-Amino-l,3-dimethylbenzene (212), 299 table of, 296 1,5-Ali 289 2-Aminopyridine [56], 291 m-Aminoacetanilide [279], 295 [2 5-Amino-l,3-dimethylbenzene (220), 5-Aminosalicylic acid [283 do), 300 p-Aminoacetanilide [162], 286, 295 a-Amino-n-valeric acid, solubility, 89 1,S-An 289 p-Aminoacetophenone (295) [106], Amphoteric compounds, solubility, 83 [3 4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene [169], 295 294 Amygdalin [214 do], 301 I,5-Aq 4-Amino-3,5-dinitrotoluene [166], 295 Amino acids, derivatives of, 230 n-Amyl acetate (146), 302 [2 2-Aminodiphenylamine [80], 293 table of, 299 n-Amyl alcohol (138), 280 I,6-An 4-Aminodiphenylamine [75], 292 p-toluenesulfonyl derivatives of, solubility, 89 [I' 231 (j-Aminoethyl alcohol, solubility, 89 sec-Amyl alcohol (119), 280 I,7-An 2-Aminoanthraquinone [302], 295 5-Amino-2-hydroxytoluene [1731, 295 solubility, 89 [2 p-Aminoazobenzene (360) [125), 294, a-Aminoisobutyric acid [280 dol, 300 leTI-Amyl alcohol (102), 280 I,ll-An 324 solubility, 89 solubility, 89 [2: INDEX INDEX 395 242 m-Aminobenzenesulfonamide [142J, 2-Amino-4-isopropyItoluene (242), n-Amylamine (104), 288 327 290 solubility, 89 o-Aminobenzenesulfonamide [1531, p-Amino-N-methylacetanilide [63], n-Amylbenzene (202), 313 327 292 n-Amyl bromide (129), 309 p-Aminobenzenesulfonamide [163], o-Amino-N-methylaniline (245), 290 tert-Amyl bromide (108), 309 327 p-Amino-N-methylaniline (258), 290 n-Amyl n-butyrate (185), 303 m-Aminobenzoic acid [174 do], 299 2-Amino-5-methylbenzene-1,3-disul­ n-Amyl chloride (107), 309 p-Aminobenzoic acid [186 doJ, 299 fonamide [257], 328 tert-Amyl chloride (86), 309 p-Aminobenzophenone [124J, 294 2-Amino-5-methylbenzene-1,3-disul­ n-Amyl ether (190), 306 2-Aminobiphenyl (299) [45J, 291 fonyl chloride [156], 332 n-Amyl formate (130), 302 4-Aminobiphenyl (302) [53], 291 2-Amino-5-nitro-1,4-dimethylben­ n-Amyl iodide (156), 309 2-Amino-5-bromotoluene [59], 292 zene [142], 294 tert-Amyl iodide (128), 309 4-Amino-3-bromotoluene (240) [26], 4-Amin0-5-nitro-1,3-<limethylben­ n-Amyl mercaptan (126),320 290,291 zene [76], 292 sec-Amyl mercaptan (112), 320 D-a-Amino-n-butyric acid [285 do], 4-Amino-6-nitro-1,3-dimethylben­ n-Amyl methyl ketone (151), 316 300 zene [1231, 294 n-Amyl nitrite (104), 305 dl-a-Amino-n-butyric acid [307 do], 1-Amino-2-nitronaphthalene [144], p-tert-Amylphenol [961, 326 300 295 n-Amyl valerate (204), 303 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol (134), 288 1-Amino-4-nitronaphthalene (195), Anethole (232) [22], 307, 308 3-Amino-6-chlorotoluene (241) [83J, 295 Angelic acid [461, 277 293 2-Amino-5-nitronaphthalene [144], Anilides, 200, 244 2-Amino-3,5-dichlorotoluene [50], 291 294 Aniline (183), 288 4-Amino-3,5-dichlorotoluene [601, 292 2-Amin0-3-nitrotoluene (97), ~93 solubility, 89 p-Amino-N,N-diethylaniline (262), 2-Amino-4-nitrotoluene [107], 294 Anisaldehyde (247), 283 290 2-Amino-5-nitrotoluene [130], 294 Anisic acid [184], 279 o-Amino-N,N-dimethylaniline (217), 3-Amino-6-nitrotoluene [135], 294 m-Anisidine (251), 290 99 289 4-Amino-2-nitrotoluene [77], 292 o-Anisidine (225), 289 p-Amino-N,N-dimethylaniline (262) 4-Amino-3-nitrotoluene [116], 294 p-Anisidine (243) [57], 292 [41], 291 m-Aminophenol [122], 294 Anisole (154), 307 2-Amino-1,3-dimethylbenzene (216), solubility, 89 Anisyl alcohol [45], 282 de­ 289 o-Aminophenol [174], 295 Anisyl chloride [26], 275 2-Amino-1,4-dimethylbenzene (215) solubility, 89 Anthracene [216], 313 [15], 289, 291 p-Aminophenol [184 do], 295 Anthranilic acid [144 do], 299 4-Amino-1,2-dimethylbenzene (226) solubility, 89 solubility, 89 tB of, p-Aminophenylacetic acid [200 do]. [491,291 Anthraquinone [286], 319 299 4-Amino-1,3-dimethylbenzene (212), 1,5-Anthraquinonedisulfonamide 2-Aminopyridine [56], 291 289 [246], 328 5-Amino-1,3-dimethylbenzene (220), 5-Aminosalicylic acid [283 do], 300 a-Amino-n-valeric acid, solubility, 89 1,8-Anthraquinonedisulfonamide 289 Amphoteric compounds, solubility, 83 [340],328 4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene [169], 295 Amygdalin [214 do], 301 1,5-Anthraquinonedisulfonyl chloride 4-Amino-3,5-dinitrotoluene [166], 295 n-Amyl acetate (146), 302 [265 do], 332 2-Aminodiphenylamine [80], 293 n-Amyl alcohol (138), 280 1,6-Anthraquinonedisulfonyl chloride 4-Aminodiphenylamine [75], 292 solubility, 89 [198],332 fj-Aminoethyl alcohol, solubility, 89 sec-Amyl alcohol (119), 280 1,7-Anthraquinonedisulfonyl chloride 5-Amino-2-hydroxytoluene [173]. 295 solubility, 89 [232],332 ,294, a-Aminoisobutyric acid [280 d.]. 300 tert-Amyl alcohol (102), 280 1,R-Anthraquinonedisulfonyl chloride solubility, 89 soluhility, 89 [223], 332 396 INDEX INDEX 2,6-Anthraquinonedisulfonyl chloride o-Azoxytoluene [591, 324 Benzoate&, 212 N-De [2501,332 p-Azoxytoluene [751, 324 Benzohydrol (297) [69], 281, 282 BenJ: 2,7-Anthraquinonedisulfonyl chloride Benzoic acid [1211, 278 Be~ [1861,332 Baeyer test, 133 Benzoic anhydride (42), 275 Anthraquinone-,B-sulfonamide [2611, Barbituric acid [245], 287 solubility, 89 Bens 328 solubility, 89 Benzoin (343) [133],282,319 Bens Anthraquinone-a-sulfonyl chloride Basicity, effect of structure on, 74 Benzonitrile (191), 321 p-Bel [214J,332 electronic effects on, 74 Benzophenone (305) [48].
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  • United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,326,739 Tanabe Et Al

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  • Spectra Library Index Ichem/SDBS Raman Library

    Spectra Library Index Ichem/SDBS Raman Library

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    Phenols and phenolic ethers They are among the most important constituents of volatile oils. General methods of isolation: Phenols (weak acids) form water soluble salts with dilute alkali solutions (3-5%). Therefore the oil containing phenols is shaken with dilute aqueous solution of alkalis; O OH Na+ + HOH + Na+ OH – Phenol Sodium phenoxide 1 General methods of isolation of phenols The aqueous layer is separated then acidified (to liberate the phenol) and either steam distilled or extracted with ether. 2 General methods of isolation Phenols and phenolic ethers By cooling the oil or the suitable fraction, some phenols and phenolic ethers can be separated in crystalline form. General characters of terpene phenols : With FeCl3 colored iron compounds. Undergo some reactions characteristic of alcohols;OH as reactions with acetic anhydride, phenyl isocyanate,… 3 Classification Phenols and phenolic ethers may be grouped into: - Monohydric (thymol) - Dihydric (eugenol, safrole,..) - Trihydric (myristicin) - Tetrahydric (apiole) 4 Monohydric phenols OH p-Cymene Thymol 3-Hydroxy-p-cymene Oil of Thyme,Thymus vulgaris, F Labiatae (Lamiaceae) 5 Thymol Isolation: Fractional distillation OH Cooling the oil crystals Using KOH (5%) Synthesis -Isopropyl alcohol -Catalyst OH m-cresol 6 Thymol Properties: Large crystals with a thyme-like odour and a pungent taste. Soluble (1:1200) in water, (1:1) in alcohol, soluble in ether, chloroform,…. Identification: Through derivatives: as phenyl urethanes, dinitrobenzoate,…. Color reactions: Thymol+ gl. Acetic acid + 3 drops conc. H2SO4 + 1 drop conc. HNO3 greenish-blue colour. 7 Thymol Thymol+ conc. H2SO4 thymol sulfonic acid +FeCl3 violet colour. Uses: Thymol has disinfectant and antibacterial properties; employed in some antiseptic mixtures as gargles, mouthwashes and dental preparations.