THE NEW AGE A.WEEKLY REVIEW OF POLITICS, LITERATURE AND ART. Vol. VI. No. 8. THURSDAY,DEC.23, 1909. THREEPENCE.

YOUTH ! O MYSTICAL ROSE. 170 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER 23, 1909

CONTENTS. PAGE PAGE A CARTOON: Youth, O Mystical Rose. By John P. Campbell 169 THEGOSPEL ACCORDING TO JUDAS ISCARIOT. By Lucifer ... 179 NOTESOF THE WEEK ...... 170 PSYCHICPARALLELS. By Francis Grierson ...... 180 ANOTHER CHRISTMASCAROL. By Alfred E. Randall ... 172 THE NONCONFORMIST NETTLE. By Allen Upward ...... 182 FOREIGNAFFAIRS. By Stanhope of Chester ...... 173 SONG IN TIME OF FESTIVITY.By VincentO’Sullivan ... 183 EYE-OPENERSFOR ELECTORS.I. Tariff Reform. By O. W. BOOKSAND PERSONS.By JacobTonson ...... 184 Dyce ...... 174 BOOKOF THE WEEK : Love’s Answer. By Michael Williams 185 IMAGINARY SPEECHES.II. Mr. Lloyd George. By J. C. REVIEWS ...... 185 Squire ...... 175 THEMAGAZINES ...... 187 THEART OF HOME-MAKING VI. By W. Shaw Sparrow ... 176 DRAMA: The Blue Bird. By Ashley Dukes ...... 188 ON THRIFT. By M. D. Eder ...... 177 ART.CarterHuntly By ...... 188 PROPHETIC PARAGRAPHS III. The Outragettes. By Alcofrida 178 INSURANCE NOTES ...... 189 All communications for the Editor should be sent choiceof time and placemade the conclusion inevit- to 38, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, E.C. able. Mr. Blatchfordmay reply thatthe Man on the Patriotic Look-out, such as he genuinely imagines him- ’ self to be, hasthe duty of utteringhis warning with- NOTES OF THE WEEK. outconsulting the petty affairs of party politicians. True. But is there anything in Mr. Blatchford’s articles A YEAR ago Mr. Balfour waslaying hishand on his that has not been said a thousand times, that was not heart and declaring himself a House of Commons man. said only so recently as in June last, or that could not To-day he is a House of Lords man. Less than a year wait another month until the General Election is over? ago LordNorthcliffe, the now prospectiveMarquis or We have read his articles with all the attention due to Duke,was telegraphing from Berlin tothe “Daily hisstyle, no less than to his seriousness, without dis- Mail ” that the Germans were beginning to believe Eng- coveringa single fact that is either new or SO urgent landthe home of nervousdegenerates. To-day the asto requireinstant action. Nor have we discovered “ Daily Mail ”’ is the first andlast resort of all the so farthe smallest sign of anypractical conclusion panic-mongersand nervous degenerates, of whom Mr. other than Mr. Garvin’s, to be drawn from the articles Blatchford is the latest and, in our view, the most dis- themselves. tinguished. Yes, this Mr.Blatchford, the old and *** thricetried Socialist, the Socialist who twelve months Even if we admit-which we arefar from doing- ago declared in the“Clarion ” that forhis part he that Mr. Blatchford hasmade out hiscase, what, we carednot how soon the noble Germanscame over to ask, would Mr. Blatchfordhave the nation do? His degenerateEngland and put us out of ourlegislative appeal for “a man ” issimply helpless crying for the miseries,it is this Mr.Blatchford who is now in the moon. “A man ” doesnot come by beingcried for in columns of the“Daily Mail ” raising oncemore the thispanic-stricken way. What verylikely may come bogey of a German invasion. in response to a universal baaing is a pretender and a *** charlatan and a wolf in sheep’sclothing. Of them we Ofconsistency in its superficial sense we take no havealready hadmore than enough. But what else is stock ; norare .our citations of thepast opinions of therethat Mr. Blatchford suggests?Two keels for publicistssuch asthe aboveintended to discreditthe one? That maybe sense, but Mr. Stead has long ago opinions now expressed. On theirmerits alone such suggested it. To sink the German Fleet right here and statements must he examined, be their past good, bad, now? That isexactly what we challenge Mr. Blatch- or indifferent. Regarding Mr.Blatchford’s presenta- ford to demand.Yet everybody knows that thisis tion of a casefor a threatened German invasion, we precisely thecourse, not only open, butincumbent on have this to say : that both the occasion and the plat- any Government that really believed what Mr.Blatch- formare as badlychosen as well could befrom the ’ford believes. *** standpoint of Socialistreformers. Already it is evident Mr. Blatchford pretends to know, and not merely to that the issue thus raised is being used to obscure the guess, that all our Admiralty officials, all the members issues raised by the Budget and the action of the House of theCabinet, and all the statesmen on both sides in of Lords.Nor could the choice of the“Daily Mail ” as his medium or the eve of a General Election as his the official ring of secrecy areaware of thefacts he occasionlead, we shouldhave thought,to any other himself revealsand attribute to them a similarsigni- effect inMr. Blatchford’s own judgment. As a matter ficance. Butthis we find ridiculous.Only theyard- of fact, the credit of Mr. Blatchford’s name and fame, armremains for statesmen of bothparties if such an hissupposed detachment from party politics,his indictment is true. Then it is not a case only of every reiterated admiration of Germany,and hisprofessed vote for a Liberal being a vote for Germany, but every intimateknowledge of German politics,have all been vote for a Unionist as well. Nobody is to be trusted- employed quite naturally by the Unionist Press, not by Mr. Balfour any more than Mr. Asquith, Earl Cawdor any means, as Mr. Blatchford doubtless hoped, for the anymore than Mr. McKenna.They are traitors all, purpose of strengthening the Navy, but for the purely liarsand criminallunatics. So, too, are the Admiralty party purpose of weakening the prospects of a Liberal officials,Conservative as well as Liberal. Theyalso electoralvictory. Whatever the merits of theGerman know the terrible facts, and wink at them.They, too, question,they are swallowedup in themerits of the areeither in leaguewith Germany or in mortaldread Unionist party. of theEnglish mob. They,too, are to be shunted. *** The conclusion isirresistible thatEngland had better emulate the wise opossum, and come down before Ger- Mr. Garvin,for example, does not hesitate to draw manybegins to shoot. If all ourparties and officials as the practical conclusion of Mr. Blatchford’s articles are in this state of traitorous incompetence, the sooner this : that “every vote for the Budget will be a vote for wesuccumb to Germanythe sooner will theagonised Germany.” Was that, we ask, Mr.Blatchford’s inten- farce be over. tion? Bothin the “ Daily Mail ” itself and in the *** “ Clarion ” Mr. Blatchfordelaborately and sincerely The truth is,however, that Mr. Blatchford has only repudiates any suchinterpretation. Yet, as we say, his one eye; a very keen eye, it is true, but not balanced by DECEMBER 23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 171

a second eye. Hesees Germany through it quite sions with Socialist legislation while the latter was. still romantically as a kind of superhuman power, relentless, mewing its callowyouth in theHouse of Commons. Despite the warning, the “concerted effort ” has been unerring,and irresistible as fate. He seesthe German made,only not for the purpose of .rushing a Govern- Navy not in fact, but in his‘ mind’s eye, Horatio, build- ment into extravagance, but for swaying a party elec- ing,building, and building. He hears nothing, he tion, and chieflyin the interests of the very party that knows nothing, of thecriticisms directed against the hasengineered an attack on the party of thepeople GermanNavy by Germans themselves. With the re- Meantime,the real issues are, as usual,being not revelationsof Lieutenant Bilse concerningthe German ignored,but silently decided behind the public back. While the Naval panic is monopolising public attention, Army he will have nothing to do. With the recent Kiel theLords and the Budget, Socialism and Representative Dockyardscandals he is incapable of concerninghim- tive Governmentare fighting out their feud before self. All hefeels is the terrible statistics of German empty houses. naval expenditure creeping up his back like the tremor * * * of a tale by Edgar Allan Poe. And meantime his other Butthat is thevery last thing we desire. Nothing- eye, thatshould be turned on England, is closedand is morefatal to democracythan privacy ; nothingis glued tohis pallid cheek. Germany is, he sees, build- morefatal to Socialism than apathy. Lively discus- sion of theactual issues of thepresent struggle is ingand building ; butEngland, he says, is doing essential,whether we win or lose ; sincewe neither nothing,nothing, absolutely nothing. True, there are desireto win or to lose by false pretences. And what a few toy ships nominally British in the North Sea, but specious propositions are being banded about on either whatare they against the statistics of theGerman side ! We have already more than once expressed our Navy? True, if you insist upon it, that every once in a doubtabout the bona fides of the official Liberals in while, veryoccasionally, a BritishDreadnought is theirattack upon theLords. And thereseems almost noroom for doubt now that we were right. Strange begunto be talked of as aboutto be built ; butMr. wild notions are issuing from Liberal sources of a need Blatchfordcannot see any sign that it is being built. for the establishment in this country either of a Referen- Thateye is closed. Mr. McKenna echoesSir John dum or of reformeda and therefore strengthened Fisher that we may sleep in our beds, but Mr. Blatch- SecondChamber. Both suggestions are anathema to ford’sopen eye, like the Irish hero’s that had a cat’s us. TheReferendum, however, is beingadvocated by eye, will notlet him sleep o’ nights.The new Cas- Mr. J. A. Hobson, one of the best-known of the Young Liberalthinkers ; and,ominous conjunction, by Mr. sandrawould have us knowthat Mr. McKenna is a Balfour also.Hut what is tobe said in favour of it? liar,Sir John Fisher is a liar,they are all liars and Merely that it is another brake on the progress of, the wilful, treacherous,cowardly liars. people tothe fulfilment of theirown will. Thatthe *** Referendum has the double effect of delaying progress

In the “Daily Telegraph ” of last Thursday appeared and of reducing representation to delegation the experi- thefollowing paragraph : “The newbattleship St. ence of Switzerlanddemonstrates clearly. Switzer- land makes no progress, and Switzerland has no states- Vincent has been built at Portsmouth, and she and her men. And even if theReferendum were applicable, as sisters will jointhe Home Fleet before the end of the it is not, to Switzerland, it would not be applicable here. financialyear, when the British Navy will containten Switzerland is notan Empire, and the issues of its ships designed on the all big-gun principle, in contrast politics areseldom larger than those of theparish with five belongingto the rest of theworld. Germany pump.Fancy a Referendumin England on the ques- will thenhave two such vessels in commission.’’ To tion of India, or of a war with Germany ! The truth is that the Referendum is applicable only to communes of ourtwo eyes the proportion in our favour as against small and local dimensions in which all the inhabitants Germanyappears, we confess, like five to one.But are known to each other, and can meet for mutual dis- perhaps ‘it really is not so. Arithmetic until it ,is Tariff- cussionunder the same roof tree.Outside a parish or reformedoften appears equally misleading. Jesting a hamletthe Referendum is impossible. To anEmpire aside,however, and even if thefigures should appear it is fatal. *** rather less favourable than the Unionist “Telegraph ” Regardingthe Second Chamher we holdstill that makes them out to be, we have to remind our readers neither in theform of a House of Lordsnor in the of three things. First, that the assumption of the com- form of anelected Senate is anysuch body with a plete treachery and incompetence of both the Admiralty vetonecessary. If aSecond Chamber for safety, why and each of the two political parties leaves us no alter- not a Thirdand a Fourth, to make assurance doubly nativebutinstantthe surrender Germany.to sure?Besides, have we not a Second Chamber in the Secondly, that Mr. Blatchford knows as little of British existence in ourmidst of powerfulinterests whose navalpreparations as hepretends to know much of weightoverbalances whole majorities of thecom- munity?In every village the squire and vicar and Germannaval preparations. (Can Mr. Blatchford tell publicanalready constitute a SecondChamber, whose us, forexample, what has become of thethree nomi- vetois exercised before the election results are de- nally Brazilian “Dreadnoughts ” completed in England clared.The House of Lords,we contend, has nothing lastspring?) Thirdly, that whatever Mr. Blatchford’s of substanceto lose by parting with its veto.Small intentions,the fact remains that his articlesare being fear need be felt by our aristocracy that its power will deliberatelyand unscrupulously used, not for Navy vanish with its right to throw out Liberal measures. A reformedHouse of Lordswould be a moredeadly reform,but for Tariff Reform. And of theseconclu- House of Lords.Yet Liberals are playing with the sions the last is not the least certain. idea,--into the hands of the Unionists themselves. *** *** Now theworst of thisgigantic red-herring across Various other fallacies are getting themselves ridden the path of currentpolitics is that it was both antici- as hobby-horsesin the present discussion, to the con- patedand comes at a fatefulmoment in the struggle fusion of thegenuine issues presented. What the real fordemocracy. Writing in the “ Nation ” nolonger issuesare we need scarcely remind our readers. They .ago thanon October 30, Mr.Lloyd George said : “I concern,in our view, both the right of the House of Commons,the representative House, to govern this predict that another concerted effort will be made to country ; and the ultimate right of Socialists to govern rouse a fresh naval or military panic, so as to rush the the House of Commons when they have persuaded the Government into the criminal extravagance of unneces- country to letthem. A pretty state of things it would sary armaments on land and sea.” That was before the be if, after years of propaganda, Socialists had won a House of Lordshad made up its mind to tryconclu- majority in theHouse of Commons,only to find that 172 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER23, 1909 years before sovereign power had fled to the House of the expenses you have been put to, we tender you our Lords. The paramountcy of the Commonsis a condi- thanksfor accepting this apology and withdrawal in tion of finalSocialist success. Takeaway from the lieu of the damages you would be entitled to. And we Commons itssupremacy ineconomic legislation, and authorise the publication of the above by advertisement there is nothingleft for Socialists but to turn their or in such other way as you may desire. attentionto becoming peers. That beingimpossible Dated 21st day of December, 1909. by representativemeans, we are undone. Hencethe For THENEW AGE Press, Ltd. : urgency for Socialists of maintaining the privileges of FRANKPALMER, Managing Director (Publishers). the Commons, since we hope to inherit them. A. BONNER,Printers. *** C. E. REDFERN Author. The question is : Canwe rely upon theLiberals to To the above-named Plaintiff, maintainthe Commons for us?If we are doubtful, Gilbert Edward Powter, Esq., Liberalshave onlythemselves to blame. Notfor the SeniorAssistant Treasurer, firsttime has the issue of “Downwith the Lords !” Mombasa, East Africa. been raisedand responded to,and -- ignoredwhen answered ! Willit happen again? The unprecedented rejection of the Finance Bill may be said to distinguish CHRISTMAS this occasion from all its predecessors ; but is the con- ANOTHER CAROL stitution of the Liberal party such as to ensure the occa- (“For the poor shall never cease out of the land.”--Deut. sion beingpushed up to the hilt of consequences? xv., II.) While very willing that the last chance should be given, we are still of opinion that the Labour party is wise to O Christ, we have seen Thy salvation, keepits powderdry. Independence is not wonin a And Thy gospel has glutted our souls day, but it can be lost in a day. Doubtless the objects Till this life is our scene of damnation, of both the Liberal and Labour parties appear for the And no hope of another consoles. moment to be the same ; but we know that they are not To Thy cross we are nailed, and our portion thesame. Very soon they will diverge,and on that Of life is but death or despair; day it is to be hoped that the parting of the parties may notbe hampered by ties wrought now. Wedo not And the Orient star that of yore shone hesitateto say that if therewere a declaredSocialist Has led us no where. party, with a Socialist organisation, in the country, we should atany risk opposeeven the appearance of an Like to us, Thou wast born amongst cattle, alliancewith Liberal or Unionistparties. But there is Like ours was Thy death full of shame, nosuch party and no such organisation. The I.L.P. But Thy voice gave no signal for battle, is but a mere wing of the Labour party, as the Labour Thy hands held no livening flame. party is but a mere wing of the Liberal party. Bound Far from life and its power and glory almost hand and foot by the alliance with trade unions, the I.L.P. is no more than the advanced guard of the Thy gaunt soul has fled and still flees; ParliamentaryLabour party, making straight and And our hearts have grown faint, our heads hoary, smoothits path in themost difficult areas.But there Beneath Thy decrees. will come a time when a real Socialist party is formed, consisting not of one class, but of all classes, concerned We are taught in Thy name to be humble, not with merely one interest of civilisation, but with all And to love most where least love is due, interests, a party of thenational welfare, as distinct And we falter thro’ life, and we fumble from the welfare even of the largest class in the nation, For secrets that none ever knew. a party for the Socialist reconstruction of society on a But the rich thro’ the ages have thriven basisthat no nation in the history of the world has everwitnessed. Such,we say, is the party to which And waxed as we waned; we have naught, we look forward,but such is the party that does not But to him that hath much Thou hast given yetexist. And it is becauseit neither yet exists, nor Much more than he sought. ‘can we refrain from belonging to it, that we find our- selvessomewhat aloof in spiritfrom the political and Didst Thou live, or did Herod invent Thee, partisan dissensions of the moment. That the Liberals Did Caiaphas give Thee Thy creed- map on this occasion be returned and the Labour party Thy creed that has given them plenty, be found in the new Parliament in increased strength is And us not so much as we need? as much aswe hopefor. Nor is that a small thing, considering the issues involved. DidstThou teach them Thy charity truly, *** Or didst Thou but mouth their device To unbalance the scales, and unduly NEXT WEEK.-- “ The UnknownShakespeare,” by Allen Upward ; ‘‘ December in Africa,” by Beatrice Reward avarice ? Tina; “Nietzsche the Olympian,” by Judah P. Benjamin ; “The Collapse of ‘ Sinn Fein’,” by Was it wisdom that made the kings seek Thee, F. Sheehy-Skeffington, etc., etc. O King of the Kingdom of Kings, At Thy birth, when so lowly and meekly In the High Court of Justice. They dazzled Thy sight with rich things? Did they worship Thy weakness sincerely, Powter v. Or view as invision the chain Thou hast forged for all nations that hear Thee, New Age Press Ltd., Bonner, & Redfern. And worship again? WE the undersignedhereby admit respectively, the Publishers, Printers, and Author of an article published There were poor in Thy land, and Thou fedst them, in THENEW AGE of 12th August last, entitled “ The And the sick Thou didst heal by thy grace, British East Africa Protectorate,”containing state- But from life to the wilderness ledst them, mentsseriously affecting your personal character and From earth to the desolate place. officialposition; andhaving satisfiedourselves that We are poor, and Thy bounty is boundless, suchstatements are without foundation, we fully and We are sick, and Thy power is great; unreservedly withdrawsame, and we tender to you our apology, andregret that we shouldhave made, But taught by Thy wisdom’sprofoundness printed,or published thestatements in question, and We suffer and wait. having paid you a sum to cover the costs of action and ALFREDE. RANDALL. DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 173

newspaper were justified it would be the prosecution of Foreign Affairs a newspaper which fomentedwar. Personal incite- mentsto murder are punishable as felonies. Public MR. ROBERT BLATCHFORDis rapidly assuming a role stirring up of the war spirit is a greater felony than a in Europe which no Englishman has hitherto held. He privateincitement to murder.” is becoming thebogey man of international politics. *** This isChristmas, and there is the hoarse voice, the Mr. Asquith’sHome Rule declaration has surprised rattling of theancient sabre, the screechy groans of many people! but it has a weltpolitik significance. Sir warning, andthe violence of impotence,all modelled EdwardGrey, Mr. Asquith, and Mr. Haldanehave on the Canterville ghost.In a saneworld, with a been persuaded by the British Ambassador at Washing- ton that the Irishelement in the United States should joyous seasonupon us, the professionalblood-curdler bebalanced againstthe German population. The pro- has a heedless audience. The croakings of Mr. Robert Englishparty would begreatly strengthened in the Blatchford echo throughthe corridors of England’s United States if the Home Rule question were settled. mansions ; but Mr. McKenna has told us we may sleep The Anglo-Germanrivalry is undoubtedly much em- peacefully in our beds. Thisrationalistic society must bittered by theChauvinists of the respective nations ; be disappointing tothe Blatchfords and their allies. so, English diplomacy has been working in the United Statesto allay theanti-alliance feeling of theIrish. Poor Mr. Blatchford ! Hehas spent years in 25 The Gaelic Leaguewanted Home Rule inreturn. The decently buryingChristianity, only to find himself variousIrish-American leaderssupported the League’s copying the Jingo magic of the most filibustering arch- view. It is a good stroke of diplomacy, asthe Irish bishop. question is a festeringsore in theUnited States, as * * * well as in Ireland,where English policy isconcerned. He has discovered two really serious signs of German Anti-Home Rule is practically a dead issue, and Home hostility. The firstis : “Thestrongest evidenceof Rule in purely Irish affairs is obviously necessary in the present congestion of Parliamentary business. Germany’s designsagainst Britain is theGerman *** Navy. ” The secondis : ‘‘ All thesepreparations are All sorts of rumours are circulating in Europe con- made in theNorth Sea and its tributaries.” In the cerning the future of Austria. One is the scheme attributed famouscase of Bardell v. Pickwickthese two damn- buted to Count Aehrenthal of creating a third division ing facts would haveconvicted the infamous Pickwick in Austria-Hungary,to be called Illyria. Thereis a (Germany) of gross breach of faith towards the trusting more extraordinary report that an alliance is projected and innocent Bardell (England-Britannia that rules the between Hungaryand Turkey. This would mean the waves). Itmight be pointed out (invain) thatthe splitting off of Austria.Undoubtedly, unless the Austrian Foreign Office can clear itself of priming Dr. North Sea is the only place where any German prepara- Friedjung with forgeddocuments, so asto discredit tions requiringgood ports can be made. Mr.Blatch- theSerbs andCroatians during the Austro-Servian ford has relied onhis ignorance of thegeographical crisis,the minor peoples are likely to look roundfor position of Germany.Mr. Blatchford’s ignorancehas some way of freeing themselves from Austrian domina- never yetfailed him. The Baltic,which isthe one tion. The Agram treason trial was afailure, from the alternativesea washing the German coasts, has no Government’spoint of view, andthe revelations in the Friedjung trial are likely to influence the future of ports, but these wicked Germans will insist upon build- Austria very much. ing shipsand constructing quays on the North Sea, *** where thereare ports ! Scandalous ! Mr. Blatch- King Leopold isdead. Does anyone regrethim? ford has given several quotations, but, with the wisdom The EnglishCourt has gone into mourning ! The of integrity, he has only dated one extract, which is put Court tailors can thank him for an increase in business. asa year after the Boer War ! Thatwas a period Leopold always was a good businessman. Did he get when every continental newspaper contained attacks on an ante-mortemcommission, one wonders, fromthe England,from which Mr. Blatchford no doubt would EuropeanCourt tailors? He was a sharp rogue. His speculationsalways took in those who thoughtthey deduce a league of everyEuropean country against could take him in. He will be remembered forhis unhappy England.How strange that this united Congo project ; but the horrid nightmare of an old man Europenever declared war ! Mr.Blatchford’s clothe’d in red rubber will no longerdisturb Noncon- “Credo ” is a German Armageddon Evena nihilistic formistEngland. Unfaithful to his wife, unfaithful to philosophy is better than that. hismistress, unfaithful to hisreligion, unfaithful to *** hisfriends, an unnatural parent, mean and avaricious in his habits, detested by his countrymen, he has ceased In reality thisscare is the flimsiest politicaldodge. to troublethe world. If thereis anything in com- The Tories, finding the sweets of office are not so near munications with the spirit world the mediums can now as they had hoped, looked round for an ally. It is sadly settlewhether there is any hell. Leopold will know, true thatthe enemies of the people in theirhour of for his residence there is certain. *** peril can find trustyservants among the people. The Tories have secured the services of Mr. Robert Blatch- The death of Frederick Greenwood still further thins the ranks of the old school of honest political journa- ford. In plainEnglish Mr. RobertBlatchford is being listswho had a good knowledge of foreign affairs. used as aninstrument for the furtherance of Lord All these able editors of the past, except Mr. Strachey, Northcliffe’s public ambitions. There is not a new fact aredead or in retirement.John Delane, David or a new idea in his six articles. It is a rehash of the Urquhart,Frederick Greenwood, D. C. Lathbury, Pan-German literature, just as the Pan-German writers Byrom Curtis,and St. Loe Strachey all represented serve up the lunatic utterances of Mr. Maxse, and the FreeTrade. TheProtectionist-tradesman-journalist incredible stupidities of Mr.Robert Blatchford, as evi- has replacedthese men of character. Mr.Garvin and dence of the wicked designs of England upon Germany. Mr. Eltzbacherhave the advantage of a regal seat Each side manufactures the evidence for the other, and among mediocrities. Thereis hardlya Tariff Reform then both sides quote each other with triumphant glee. journalistwho iseven educated. Mr. Greenwood’s Such men mustpander to ignorance. An ill-informed best strokewas the suggested purchase of theSuez public is the one audience of charlatans, because sensible Canalshares. Strangethat he,a bitter anti-Socialist, men soon turnaway in disgust. As tothe “Daily should haveurged the carrying through of amaster Mail,” a comment of 1908, when this pernicious agita- stroke of Socialism ! As an opponent one could respect, tion was begun, must be repeated : “The liberty of the peace to his ashes ! Press is a sacred thing ; but if ever a prosecution of a “ STANHOPE OF CHESTER. ” 174 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER23, 1909

and bull necks could beseen through crevices in the Eye-openers for Electors. ground.The Tariff Commissionwas the outward ex- crescence that indicated what was growing underneath, I. Tariff Reform. where every manufacturer who could work out a little sumin arithmetic showing what his profits would be By O. W. Dyce. in the next five or ten or fifteen years if prices could be AT the present time, in every town of Great Britain and artificially advanced was joining the subterranean army in innumerablevillages, at nearlyevery hour of the of the “ Get-rich-quicks.” day, honest Free Traders and honest Tariff Reformers To disguisetheir self-centred aims, the Tariffites began to talk of the unemployed. Up to that time they arearguing with one another. They are honest in the had jeered at the unemployed as the “ wont-works,’’ the ordinarysense of theword ; theywant to get at the “ unemployables.”They will adoptthe same jeering truth,and they are, inmany cases, thinking of the tone towards the grievances of the unemployed at any general welfare of the country as well as of their own time, if you arecareful to introduce the question personalinterests. Their sincerity is enough to make fromthe humanitarian standpoint just when the fiscal angels weep-such angels, at any rate, as have given problemis not the topic of conversation.If the big employersthought that Tariff Reformwould abolish attention to the matter and know whata farce the fiscal theunemployed, they would drop it like a hot potato, issue is. Here is oneamiable elector figuring out how forthey are well aware that it is theexistence of the much is liable to be added to a workman’s weekly bud- unemployed outsidetheir factories that alone enables get by a IO percent. tariffon foreignfood-stuffs. them to keep down the wages of those employed inside There is another discussing the effect that import duties their factories. A Tariff Reformer knows that he must will have on unemployment. Yet another is laboriously retain the power of saying to any employee, “ If you do endeavouring to prove that Protection spells ruin to the notlike your wages or your hours, Smith outside is preparedto take on your job.” The disappearance of BritishEmpire. What is tobe done with all these the unemployed would take more money out of a manu- dear,delightful, deluded people? facturer’s pocket than any IO per cent. duty on foreign I,for one, will not joinin thegame of pretending competitors could put into it. that it is the duty of the electors to weigh the pros and If a Tariff Reformer gets any pull at all, it is in being cons of Tariff Reform as a question in practical politics. able to identify a few of those who would get work as I will not waste my space-one page and a sixth of it the result of the exclusion of certain imports. The men makingthe manufactured exports that go out to pay gone already-withlong arguments. Nor will I waste forthose excluded imports would be thrown out of my time-with the elections only three weeks distant- work,but who is to identifythose men beforehand? inmarshalling a lot of wearisomeevidence. Instead I Free Traders will endeavour to show that for fifty men makecategorical assertions ; believe or disbelieve, as who find work under Tariff Reform, a hundred will lose you like. it. Thisis rank nonsense. The number must tend to At thispoint the more fastidious of myreaders approach equality, which shows how trumpery the issue isfrom the industrial point of view. Eventhe bright mutter, “What, no proofs !” and somewhat imprudently spirits who have been declaring that the Budget taxes turn to the next article. wouldnecessitate the dismissal of gamekeepersand Inthe firstplace, I assertthat the TariffReform gardeners will doubtlessbegin throwing faithful servi- agitationwas set on foot by JosephChamberlain in torson the cold worldwhen the scientific tariff hits order to distract the attention of British electors from them. When one comes down to the people with fixed incomes of a pound and thirty shillings a week, obviously the collapse of the house-of-cardshe had builtup in the slightest rise in prices must be met by a reduction South Africa. It is quite unlikely thathe had ceased inpurchases. Up goes the price of foreign butter ; an to“believe ” in FreeTrade ; a manwho had so Irishman finds work in the butter trade ; the consumer, masteredthe conditions of thebalance of world-trade finding butter dearer, buys less bacon ; an Irishman in asto beable to deliver thepro-Free Trade speeches the bacon trade gets the “ sack.!’ Tariff Reform is all of his earlier period would always recognise the validity one jest like that-not a Heaven-sent blessing and not a tragedy,but a merejest. Whatone makes on the of theordinary economist’s analysis. But he saw that swings one loses on the roundabouts ! thesubject provided a fine opportunityfor talk ; it It is ridiculous to regard Tariff Reform as capable of‘ couldbe talked in and out, up and down, and round- producing any terrible effects on the cost of living of the. aboutwithout any danger of itsbeing brought to a ordinaryman. For the poor old woman who buys head and disposed of summarily. One of the most use- “ ha’porths ” of food at the littlegeneral dealer’s the ful of theTory agitations, the campaign against the introduction of Tariff Reformmight prove even fatal, Continentalimmigrant, had had the unsatisfactory but theaverage citizenwould not find theincrease in characteristicthat it afforded no escape from prompt his expenditureworth noticingin comparisonwith the embodimentin an Anti-Aliens Act,whereupon its use burdens imposed uponhim by hislandlord and by the foodmongersand other middlemen who intercept his as a “cry ” was destroyed.Tariff Reform, on the meatand fish andcoals. other hand, offered the prospect of a long-winded con- The Trade Unionist is perhaps inclined to take things troversy, into which could be stirred further indigestible easily, saying to himself, “ In the days of the tariff we ingredients from time to time. shall insist on higher wages, and go on strike for them, Mr. Chamberlain’sshrewdness was made manifest ; ifnecessary.” Not only is it truethat the workman South Africa was indeed forgotten in the British public’s would need a rise, but it is also strongly to be believed excitement at a newpolitical issue. Developments fol- that he would succeed in getting it. The sending up of the wages bill would, however, cause, in its turn, a rise lowed fast. The Liberals welcomed the new pronounce- in theprice of theproduct and a diminisheddemand ments.This was what they wanted, and they rushed for it at home and abroad, with a consequent increase forward joyously to a battle-ground where they under- inunemployment. stoodthe lie of theland and where they had been Whilst,however, Tariff Reformis contemptible in victoriousin many fights. It was a doublegod-send itself,the Tariff Reformagitation is a verydifferent to them, for they were in no mood to hurry along that matter.That can hardly be disregarded, whether one programme of socialreform which was sureto prove looks upon it as an existing plot of wide ramifications or contemplates its hideous future when, should the plot unpalatable to the Perkses and Lord Portsmouths of the butsucceed, the lobbies ofthe Commons will be party.Meanwhile, a giganticunderground conspiracy crowded with packs of commercialand financial scalli-wags was being engineered, and the conspirators’ bald heads wags in full cry. DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 175

cupboard, and there isn’t even a little bit of coal in the Imaginary Speeches, grate, poor old women are sitting waiting for what this House can give her without harming anybody the least II By the Right Hon. David Lloyd George. littlebit in the world. Some of you havehad sisters 1915 ; he, as Premier, having introduced a Women’s Suf- andmothers. (Ministerial cheers.) Surely you aren’t frage Bill. The reports are taken from the “Times.”) going to let it be said that the Opposition was so nig- gardly, so callous, so hard-hearted as to refuse a poor 1. Inside the House. Style :-The Sucking Dove. miserable old vote to a poor old woman,to block up MR. LLOYDGEORGE (Carnarvon Boroughs) : Well, the little ray of sunshine which would light up with its now, Mr. Speaker, I really didn’t think it of the right flickering gleam- honourable gentleman(Mr. Balfour). I thoughtthis EARL WINTERTON(Sussex, Horsham) : “ Garn ! Stow was a matter upon which we had all agreed years and that slime ! ” years ago. When I introducedthis bill I thought we THE SPEAKER: I must remind the noble earl that the should duringthis debate have a sortof little Hague language of every day life is not permissible within the Conference. Here,said I to myself, are the Liberals ; walls of this House. they all want to givevotes to women. Here are the EARLWINTERTON : Of course, Mr. Speaker, I submit to your ruling and withdraw. Socialists ; they’vebeen like a regiment of human megaphonesdemanding votes for women. And here 2. Outside the House. Style :-The Fortiter In Modo. are the righthonourable gentleman and his friends TheseTories ! Look at ’em ! What a mingy who, at any rate, during the general election-(laugh- stingy lot theyare. (Loud cheers.) What a greedy, ter)-almost worried themselves into a rapid decline in miserablecrew. (Loud cheers.) Themore you give their anxiety to provetheir devotion to the cause of ’em, themore they want. These Lansdownes and women’s suffrage.(Opposition dissent.) Well, per- Rothschilds,and dukes, andlord-knows-whats, why, haps, they weren’t quite as fanatical as dervishes about they’ve gotstomachs liketheBottomless Pit it, butseriously, Mr. Speaker,nine out of ten of the (Laughter.) You can’t fill ’em.Here’s this Woman’s righthonourable gentlemen’s supporters, at leastnine Suffrage Bill, thePeople’s Bill. (Loudcheers.) I out of ten,I should say, said, either in theirelection cameto ’em, and offered ’em concessions.Isaid to ‘em, “ I’llgive you anythingwithin reason; ask me addresses, or in platformspeeches, or in replies to anythingwithin reason, and you shall have it.” (Loud deputations,that they were in favour of theprinciple cheers.)I offered ’em concessions by the bushel- of this reform. So, of course, I thought in mychildish hogsheads, perhaps, are more in their line. (Laughter.) ignorancethat they meant to votefor it. (Ministerial I raisedthe age limit for ’em ; I told’em theTory cheers andlaughter.) I didn’t know the way their in- agents could standoutside the polling booths as the geniousminds worked. (Ministerial cheers and womencame in and examine their teeth to see there laughter.) I thoughtthat my bill would go downlike wasno cheating about age. (Loud laughter.) in-I creasedthe property limit. (Cheers and dissent.) I -what shall I say?-like butterdown a cat’sthroat. told’em I’dexempt mothers-in-law if theyliked. And now I find the right honourable gentleman turning (Roars of laughter.) What did they do? They took up and rendingmy unfortunate little non-controversial my concessions in theirbloated, blue-blooded fingers, measure with the sax-age ferocity of a rattlesnake with andflung ’em back in my facewith a curse.(Cries of a red-hot poker on its tail.(Loud laughter, in which exasperation.) Faugh ! Itmakes one almost bilious to Mr. Balfour heartilyjoined.) think of it ! Thesewaddling old Torymembers, these Well, really,Idon’t know what to make of it. I dilapidated, ,doddering, drivelling old dukes--(laughter) didn’t hearany arguments from the right honourable -they’re pluralvoters, every man of ’em. They’ve gottwo votes apiece. (Shame !) They’vegot four gentleman.(Derisive Opposition laughter and cries of votesapiece. (Shame ! andhisses.) Some of ’em have “ Oh ! Oh ! ”) No, seriously, I didn’trecognise any got six, eight,twenty, hundred a votes apiece. genuinearguments. I knowthe right honourable gen- (Hisses.)Why, you’ll hardlybelieve me, but there’s tleman has as kinda heart as any man in the House. oneold monkey-faced idiot, who gets all hisincome (General cheers.) He wouldn’t, if I may say so, hurt from liquor, and spends it on the same, who has no less a hairon the head of agnat. (Laughter.) I’ve pro- thansix hundred and seventy votes. (Loud hisses.) mised to considerevery hard case, every objection on Think of it ! Onefor every constituency in the country.You’re all retail voters. These superior, fine points of detailthat members on either side of the gentlemenare wholesale voters. They’re worth their House maybring forward. If you’ve anyfault to weight in votes.They’ve got more votes than they find withany clause or any subsection in this bill, cancarry. They take ’em about in carts.(Loud you’ve only to bring it before me, and I promise faith- laughter.)They’ve got bundles of ’em,faggots of fully that I will give it my most earnest consideration. ’em, stacks of ’em. (A voice : “ Give it to ’em, sir ! ’’ I’ll do that. I’llmeet you half way.I’ll meet you andcheers.) Isn’t it mean? Aren’t they a lot of skin- more than half way.I’ll run tomeet you with open flints? Why, they’d sneak a marrow bone from a dog arms. (‘Laughter.) So, come,come ; justlet’s see if or a pennyfrom a blindman’s tin. I ask ’em not to we can’t agree about this business. I don’t believe the give up any of their innumerable votes-oh, dear, no- right honourable gentlemanis mean. I don’tbelieve butjust’ to grantone poor little vote to every poor he likes tobe thought mean. I don’tthink he’d like oldwoman in the country ; justone poor old vote to people in thecountry to saythat he and his friends one poor old woman ; just a vote for a poor old woman were mean. In manyand many a humblecottage to- whois sitting desolate, childless, hungry, cold, beside night, wherethe rain is pouringthrough holes in the herempty fireside. Herethe right honourable gen- thatch, where the only light comes from a candle stuck gentleman resumed his seat displaying marked emotion,] in a broken bottle, where there isn’t a crust left in the JACK C. SQUIRE. 176 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER23, 1909

amatter of comparativeease and of moderate com- The Art of Home-Making. mercialprofit. But in our old country, with its long-inheritedways By W. Shaw Sparrow. of life,good and bad, justice has a hard time. To VI.-Building Problems. suggest reform is to set by theears some largeband orother of political voters ; thencompromise begins BUILDINGcosts to-day are far too heavyand give rise to choosebetween twoblunders or more,and infinite to muchjerried ambition. I will saylittle of my own discussionaccepts ordiscards a second best.Building on thispressing theme, but will quotea passage of reform is often thwarted by the building trades, which weightand authority from the late Thorold Rogers, employ a goodmany more than a million workmen, thegreatest master we have in thehistoric prices of whosetraditions atthe presenttime show the effect British workmanship of fifty yearsor so of jerrylabour. Trade schools “ The artisan who is demanding at this time (1867) would certainly help to improvemethods and ideals aneight hours day in the building trades is simply of work,and this would not only quicken the general strivingto recover what hisancestor worked by four intelligence of thebuilding trades, but enlarge the or five centuriesago. It is only to be hoped that he moral vision necessary in the arts of home-making. will emulate the integrity and thoroughness of the work Meantime, of course, we mustattack all hindrances which his ancestorperformed,” when “ the relation of to modern culture, which unites four things : utilitarian employer and employed was exceedingly direct; nor do aims, scientific methods,a rationalistic spirit, and the I doubtthat it wasto his directness that the high quickgraciousness of art.The grey and venerable remuneration of theartizan was due. Achurch or past holdsfor us secrets of the thoroughness to be a mansion was to be built, a new wing or new offices handedon with care to a gloriousfuture. Who can to beadded toaconventual house or college. Per- sayhow their thrifty greatness in buildingmethods hapsthe ownersupplied theplans. If not,the master can be renewed withmodifications? Thatis a point masonknew how ‘ todraw his plot,’and the master for a Congressto decide. Thereis a chaos of trade carpenter his. The employer bought all theraw profits and commissions, of middlemen and jerry-specu- materialsdirect from the manufacturer, and put them lators, of contractors in huge offices remote from their readyfor use on the spot. He could calculatewithin workmen, of architects so numerous that the inefficient a verymoderate margin what the whole would cost, maydiscredit in each greattown the masterly few ; andwhat would be thecharge of labour.Inthe andthere is also a jumble of materialsfrom all parts building to which Ihave referred (at MertonCollege, of the world and a plethora of styles. Good heavens ! Oxford,the bell tower,built between May, 1448, and What isthe public todo? What else mustwe pay May, 1450), thecost of materials,on much of which forwhen we wish to build forourselves and for our labouris expended, was £54 10s. 31/2d.; of labour, children a snug modesty in houses? £73 os. 01/2d. andthe extras connectedwith the If all goodarchitects were builders also, or if all structure,but notimmediately associated with the goodbuilders were competent architects,the problem materialsand labour, £14 9s. 01/2d. Thus in the to be solved would be less entangled and difficult ! The aggregatecharge the cost of materialsis 38.3 per State would not waste time if it gave attention and care cent.; that of labour, 51.4 per cent.; and of extras, 10.3 to this matter. Other public servants who have a great percent. The multipleoftwelve would putthis influence overour lives-physicians, forinstance, and structureat a cost of £1,703 12s. 6d. (into-day’s surgeons, not tospeak of clergymen-have topass money), from which should be deducted certain cranes, examinationsaccepted by theState as tests of worth, on thesame estimate, £73 12s., andtherefore efficiency. Why architectsand builders should be leaving £1,630 Now, I makeno doubt that at the exempted from this public guarantee of fitness for duty presentday the tower would costfrom £4,000 to Ido not know. Homes need as muchprotection as £5,000 and I inferthat the additional cost would be healthneeds. And architects would benefit muchin entirely duetothe charge of contractor’sprofit. authority if they had two degrees known to everybody architect’s commission,and middleman’s advantage. as giving a right (a) to practise architecture, and (b)to It is upon the saving of this enormous waste that the ask feesfor advice on furnishingand decoration. A energiesof the intelligent employer are directed,and builder, again, shouldhave no more social rightto theadvocates of increased wagesfor workmen should design a housefor money withouta degree to prove be . . . It is surelyfrom thestint of wagesthat the his competency than I have to set up as a surgeon in profits of middlemenhave been derived.” HarleyStreet or toearn my bread asa lawyer.Cer- Thisquotation is worthreading manytimes. It tainly, we cannot ask for too many proofs of integrity is as horrible tothink of thatwaste of money and skill from the men whodesign and build homes as it is to remember unnaturalthe cost for the nursery generations that forecast the future of of sitesand the unnatural cost of legalinstru- Great Britain.Degrees, it is true,are not guarantees ments, which mean otherhindrances to a good and of genius, but they are barriers against charlatans and thriftful housing of the people in bigtowns. Take duffers. the question of groundrents in theworst parts of At thismoment architectsare being ousted from London.Have theynot formed nearly the wholeof practiceand authority by atleast four badkinds of that for which renthas been paid? And thehistory competition. There is thecompetition of the in- of the Metropolitan Board of Works, does it not record efficient against the good ; there is the waning success the purchase of many aloathsome tenement atthe of jerry-speculators ; there is also the increased prestige price of a good house in a fashionable district? Under of reputable builders ; and, last, but not least, we have buildings either vile or good, century after century, the the Connoisseur Shop System, as represented by those price of town land has risen artificially,not unlike corporatefurnishing companies in townsthat wish to a plantunder a globe of glass.Income tax did not doinnumerable things, from designing and completing produce more natural conditions, and death duties have a house tothe sale of padlocks,pincushions, cradles, not lowered the anti-socialcost of civic andurban andbath-chairs. These wonderful tradesmen adver- sites. So the problem to-day is to amelioratethe tisethe names ofmany clients above therank of common lot by restoring a citizen friendshipbetween baronets.There is nothing in a home thatthey will the average income of each class and the huge charges notdo. They areprofessors of all arts andcrafts. for sites, building, legal instruments, and consequently Yes, andtheir estimates come pat, worked out with for rents such tactical skill that when you compare their charges In 1883 Tho:-old Rogers was a directorin an in- fordetails with those in theestimates of anarchitect dustrialbuilding company, and his experiences taught you lose confidence in thatarchitect. You declare that him that if the charge of local taxation were distributed he ought to learn his business. It never occurs to you equitablyover thegroundlord and the building land- that the art of undercutting pricesneeds much capital lord the effect on thecost of sites would besuch as anda vast shop, made famous by advertisements. To to make the housing of very poor folk, in two-roomed defeat that, ofcourse, organisations of builder-architect's flats,with all conveniences of cleanlinessand decency, tect‘s are necessary ; and even then some clever fellows DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 177

from their ranks would join theshopmen if tempting No doubt he’s worked well all these years according salaries were offered. to hislights. He knewa good deal about horses and Do not let it be supposed that I underrate the value cartage ; he wasatrusted man with a load.But of goodshops. On the contrary, a furnishing trades- rheumatism,he told me-- man, under proper discipline, if he does well in a single Then, of course,I got on to him about a free-purin trade,is very helpful tothe middle-classhousehold. diet, and beer ; and no doubt he was fond of a cup of But lethis designs and his finished work be approved tea. by yourown architect. Go to him as you doto a Couldn’t do without it. chemist,and not as you goto adoctor. One cannot Then I plied him with Dr. Haig’s views on this tissue protest over-much against a reckless encouragement of poison. the Connoisseur ShopSystem, with its encyclopaedic wish to store up in nutshells those worlds of knowledge It was a beastly cold night, and we wereboth glad thatspecialists explore with difficulty. Nothingis of the steaming cup of coffee. more frightfulthan a furnishing system that knows More than a shilling a week on beer ! Why not, only whatinexpert households will accept in a great somebody asks me, and why wasBurton built on many forms of design and taste and learning. Trent ? WALTERSHAW SPARROW. In order that the Bass’s might practise thrift, I sup- pose. Had they been as extravagant as the old shovel- minder,does anyone think they’d now be in the On Thrift. peerage ? Shilling a weekon beer-yes, most weeks when he THEYare taking up or putting down the footwalk- was in work.-Horrible. so called because there no foot is ever allowed to walk. These common working-men are really extravagant. One day an electric light company pulls the road up and In thismonth’s “ NationalReview ” Dr.Elizabeth the next day the public authorities put it down ; on the SloanChesser calls attention to the extravagances of third day a gas company pulls it up again, so that the the Lancashire operative : “ The standard of living in such households would horrify the middle-class house- public authorities may replace it on the fourth day. By wife of a thriftyand careful habit of mind. Salmon, thattime the electric light people havethought of lamb and green peas, and new potatoes at 4d. per Ib., supplyinganother house, and we start again. In the provide a luxurious Sunday dinner for the same family intervalsthe local authorityexperiments with different wholive on a starvationdiet of breadand tea and kinds of mud for pavement. tinnedsalmon from Tuesday to Saturday. There is no However,I was not thinking of thisform of thrift. method, no care exercised in laying out the household They are taking up or putting down the footwalk. And wage in the vast majority of cases. They buy the most expensive meat and butter if the money is there,” etc. every night the score or so of shovels and pickaxes are I do not know if this is a true picture of the average tobe carefully guarded. An oldish man is theirsen- Lancashireoperative. hope I so. Afterall, in a tinel. He comeson duty at half-pastfour every after- Christian country why shouldn’t the Lancashire opera- noon, and stays on guard till 7.30 in the morning. He tivebehave as such? I supposeDr. Elizabeth Chesser isallowed a little woodenshelter and a fire. Idon’t regards Christ’s enjoinments as binding on the Lancashire knowwhether this is to keepthe cats and other wild shire operative. Why should he be ever taking thought animals of my suburbaway, or whether it is that he for the morrow? Although I do not know the Lancashire operative- may now and then warm his hands. The shelter is put and I can onlyhope hehas the good sense to spend at the most exposed corner. his money at timeswithout stint on the things he And thenights are very cold. “YOUmust feel enjoys-I’m afraidthat the picture is a littlehighly perished with these east winds, old man?’’ I asked him coloured. PerhapsDr. Chesser knew one Lancashire one night. “It do blow a bit,’’he admitted. operative who once upon a time had a glorious tuck in He’s very near on 70, and is glad of the job-on the of salmon,lamb and green peas, and new potatoes. I watch all through the winter night. knowthe miners in theNorth of England,and the workers in the south and the agricultural labourers. I He hadn’t practised the virtue of thrift, or he would would complain of their miserly thrift-yes, thrift is a have winter night quarters more befitting his age, I was mean,starving virtue. The womenwear themselves convinced. Yes,he’s a graceless old man enough-not out body and soul by their foresight and prudent care. a whit of repentance for all the beer he had drank. In Up the first thing in the morning, cooking and polish- his younger days he earned good wages, too-even up ing and scrubbing all the day, sitting up half the night to 13s. and 14s. a week. mending, patching, and darning. The men just as bad --with their club and sick benefits and the rest of it. And hehasn’t saved a penny.Did he drink a Manytimea have I roundedon a Cumberland shillingsworth of beera week? Mor’n that,praps. miner’s wife for her thrift-I have urged her to spend I got the statistics out the next night : IS. a week ; all the man’s wages-to give the children some extra say, £2 10s. ayear. In 40 years he could havesaved fun and jollity in the early days-for it’s little enough £100 Withthat he mighthave a nice, comfortable they get of itas they grow older.But the women home, a nice warm bed at night, and a steward’s-room were always having an eye to the future-to the time footman, or the like, to bring him his morning tea. when he’d not be able to work or some other equally Did I not think the savings would have gone in the pleasantprospect. Thethrifty middle-class,who give out-of-work months, which came as regularly asthe such joy to Dr. Elizabeth Chesser, are the most extra- work months?But I pointed outthat hehad got vagant ofall our English castes. The cost of human throughthe unemploymentwithout savings.“Yes, by flesh and blood is never counted-they deny themselves starving,”he said; ‘‘ anddidn’t I think hehad spent everything, they slave and worry all the years of their his savings on the doctor when his wife was ill, instead life-become sourand miserable, ill-tempered before of calling in theparish doctor, and wouldn’t he have they are thirty. And towhat end? That their chil- liked to have given her a decent kind of funeral?” Nor dren may carry on the tradition of grudging care. would he listen to my talk about superstition and waste The extravagance of the upper classes is disgusting, of money. An opinionated,stupid old man.No andthe thrift of the working classes is stupid. The wonder he passesthe winter nights in the open air, Lancashire operatives’ midway shows dignity-a good whilst middle-classpersons, like myself, with our timewhen the money’sthere, and a drawing in when prudent habitsand foresight, are tucked in our beds. it’s gone. If we spent a shillinga week on beer, or books, or Had he drunk nobeer all his days, would my old plays, or other pet extravagances, we should be in the shovel-guard now be any the better off? same plight. M. D. EDER. 178 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER23, 1909

Lady Peggotty’s succeedingstruggles are used by Prophetic Paragraphs. the author to cast a lurid light on Edwardian London. After sleepingmany nights on the Thames Embank- I I I .-The Outragettes. ment,she obtains a week’s engagement at the Albert [The Outragettes. A Study of the Edwardian Age. By Hall,where she has to dance in a sheet of tissue Emma Jane Molesey, Hist.D., Litt. D. ; Professor of Historical\ paper.After that she advertises for a situation as cal Sociology in the University of Clapham ; author of ‘‘ John chaperon to an invalid, but, thanks to the treachery of the Disemboweller “ ; ‘‘ The Last of the Employers “ ; “ Buck- thewicked Matron whom she has had to give as a Buckingham Palace,” etc.,etc., etc.] reference, she fails to obtain the post. We are glad to welcome another historical monograph Atthe age of eighteenshe comes into her legacy, fromthe pen of Professor Molesey, a scholarwhose andgoes as a paying guest to Trocadero,the family widereading and sober judgment, combined with an seat of thebankrupt Duke of Suffolkshire,who is extraordinarypower of graphicpresentment, have financedby an Americansyndicate. She arrives late, the driver of the train having taken the wrong turning justly earned for her the title of the Feminine Macaulay. at a junction, and has barely time to undress for dinner. The long-promised reform of literature brought about At thetable she finds herself seatedbetween the bythe Suppression of FictionAct, by sweepingour Baroness of Ranelagh and the Duke’s jockey, who have libraries of thedegrading sensational romances received secretinstructions from the Duke to reduce formerlyin vogue, has opened a field for a newclass herto helplessness. The jockey accordingly pliesher of writerswho, instead of panderingto the popular with beer and benedictine, and the Lady of Ranelagh from time to time injects morphia into her arm on the taste,elevate it by means of instructivecompilations sly,pretending that the pricks are caused by pins in basedon solid research.Among the class of reasoned her sleeve. reproductions of thepast which, we are glad to say, The banquet is such as the gluttonous habits of our are daily gaining a greater hold on the reading public, foremothersdemanded. At oneend of thetable is a those of Professor Molesey enjoy a largercirculation, barrel of oysters, and at the other a fox roasted whole. we believe, thanany others, and the present treatise As soon as she has lit her cigar, Peggotty is taken will add to her reputation as a painstaking and accurate by the Duke into a quiet corner for a game of bridge. sociologist. In her description of this famous game, which has been As a text-book on that remarkable movement which the despair of social archaeologists, we think Professor Molesey surpassesherself. But the reader shall judge. resultedin the emancipation of Womanhoodfrom its As LadyPeggotty sat down oppositeher partner, the degrading bondage to the inferior sex, the work before Dowager-Duchess of Suffolkshire,whom he had recently us will supply a long-feltwant. We havegone care- divorced, glided up to her, and offered her advice. Peggotty, fully through it, without being able to detect a single who did not know that the divorce had been merely a ruse to throw dust in the eyes of the Duke’s paying guests, so error or oversight. Every page bristles with footnotes, that the pair might cheat unsuspected, naturally supposed and inevery case the author has fulfilled theduty of that they were still on badterms, andthat the Dowager- the conscientious historian in going straight to the un- Duchess was offering her aid out of spite against the Duke. She therefore declined the offer for fear of annoyingher defiled well of truth, the contemporary document. The host. . . . CourtCircular, the Daily Mail, the Sporting Times, It was now the last trick of the game, and Peggotty, who and the immortal serials of Le Queux, have been placed was beginning to feel the effects of the morphia, scrutinised underthe microscope ; andthe result is a picture of her pack with care. She held five aces, two kings oftrumps, fifteen hearts, and four false cards, besides the Joker. With theage whichmight well surprisean Edwardian a breaking heart she pronounced the words:- reader, could onehave survived to read it.Professor “ Straight flush.” Molesey stands, scalpel in hand, beside the sick bed of The Duke started. By now he had emptied both his sleeves,and he held little in his hand beyondsome jokers expiringMasculinism, and lays bare to us the Virile and right bowers. Heglanced anxiously at his ex-wife. ages as they really were. She nodded. The order of the work is chronological. Inthe first ‘’ Rubicon,” he murmured hoarsely. ‘(Double him,” the Dowager-Duchesswhispered softly in part we are given a composite biograph--of course not her victim’s ear. an idealised one--of Lady Peggotty, inwhom, on the Peggotty fell into the trap. principleadopted by all contemporary sociologists, the “Double or quits,” she exclaimed. (‘Content,” her partner replied. author personalises the class under investigation. Lady Hardly knowingwhat she was doing, the deluded girl Peggotty is theorphan daughter of a baronet,whose playedher cards one byone. The Duke, who heldhis own titleshe inherits, in accordance with the bad custom pack in reserve, watched her breathlessly. Then came the decisivemoment The treacherous Dowagerbent over her, of theage. Educated in a Wesleyanconvent, she and pointed to the twelve of hearts. learns, at the age of seventeen, by overhearing a con- Peggotty played it. versationbetween the Matron and a PrivateInquiry “A revoke! ” she heard her partner cry out triumphantly,, Agent, of a plot to sell her as a White Slave, in order as he sprang to his feet, and made a snatch at her diamond tiara. “You’velosteverything-do you hear? Every- to secure her legacy for the Million Guinea Fund. thing. Every stitch you have onis mine ! ” The high-spirited girl at once leaves the convent, in The awful glare in the gambler’seye unwomaned her; themiddle of thenight, and proceeds to the Home his alcoholised breath fanned her cheek; she reeled, and fell. Office. TheHome Secretary is asleep, but she secures We havequoted enough to show thatthis masterly admission by throwing paving stones through his bed- work is not only the final authority for the period with room window. Alas ! heis a saintlyWesleyan. After whichit deals, butthat its vast store of information pretendingto listen to her story, he sends for the is so displayed as to make the study of sociology easy Sergeant-of-Arms,and has her conducted back to the and attractive. convent, sending the Matron the cynical advice to have How the heroine--we mean, of course, the personalisation her whipped. sationby means of whichProfessor Molesey renders Thescene that follows is almost too hideousto her abstract theories convincing-is rescued by a body describe, though we recognise that Professor Molesey’s of Outragettes who have been out rick-burning on the duty toher readers forbade her to soften any detail Duke’sestate, as a protestagainst his supposed in- necessary to bring the Edwardian age before us in its jurious treatment of his Duchess ; and the subsequent truelight. Suffice itto say that the brave Peggotty history of the most important revolution in the history succeeded in wrenching the b-- out of the Matron’s ofthe world, students will learnfor themselves from hand, and casting it into the gas .stove. She then volume.instructivefled this ALCOFRIDA. fromthe convent, never to return, and became a LONDON : ClaphamUniversity Press, paper extra ChristianScientist. illustrated front, 270 pp., 6d. net. DECEMBER23, 1909 The NEW AGE 179

by such explanations as may be necessary to allay doubt The Gospel According to Judas in weak minds. Whether the gospel is, or is not, the actual composi- Iscariot tion of the Apostle whose name it bears, is a question A correspondent writes that much interest has been on which different opinions are likely to be formed by excited in Constantinople by the discovery of a manu- scholars. The circumstance thatitpurports to de- script in the Sultan’s library, containing what purports scribe the death and burial of the inspired penman will to be thelost Gospel of Judas, or, as the M.S. styles not be taken as conclusive by orthodox critics, bearing him, St.Judas Iscariot. in mind that the same difficulty has always existed with regard It has always been known to ecclesiastical historians to Moses. Neithershould any importance be attached to the fact that on this point, as on countless and scholars that a very large number of gospels, attri- buted to different apostles,were in circulationamong others,the account given by St. Judasappears to be theearly Christians, including the various heretical in conflict with those already revealed. The differences sects. Thefour canonicalones, it has beenreported, between the present gospel and its rivals are not greater thanthose between thetwo narratives which aread- were selected from the rest by lot, a favourite plan of mittedlyinspired. ThusSt.Matthew relates that the primitive Church, which we know to have been em- Judas, after returning the thirty pieces of silver to the ployed in the election of a successor to St. Judas him- chief priests, went and hanged himself ; and the chief self. The whole of theevangelical narratives were priestsbought a cemeteryfor aliens with the money. placed undera table, it is said,and shuffled together St. Luke, on the other hand, tells us that Judas himself by thefeet of thebishops engaged in framingthe bought a field with the money, and that he died by fall- anon, till the four known to us were extruded. ingheadlong and bursting asunder. Both of these Fromthat timeforth the remaining gospels, being accounts being true, there seems no reason why a third regarded as apocryphal, gradually fell into neglect, and account, which contradictsthem both, shouldnot be very few of them are known to Western scholars ; the equally true. Church of Rome in this matter, as in so many others, Insupport of the inspired character of the fifth havingmerely published whatshe received fromthe gospel, it should be stated that it is both more reverent Greeks. in tonethan its rivals, and more definitely orthodox. Allusions tothe lostgospels, however,frequently On many points of Christian belief St. Judas has, in a occur in thewritings of theFathers ; and as the manner,anticipated the mind of theChurch ; andhis character of St.Judas earlybecame the subject of gospel thus brings support to many doctrines on which Patristic investigation and apology, it is reasonable to the other evangelists are either silent, or so ambiguous suppose that some writing in the nature of a gospel or that it requires the trained mind of the apologist to see epistle bearing his name must have been received with that the orthodox doctrine is not absolutely repudiated respect in some quarters. by Christ. For instance in our existing Bible the word On the fall of the Sultan Abdul Hamid II., the belief Trinitynowhere occurs ; whereas notonly does St. was generallyexpressed thatan examination of the Judasintroduce it on everysuitable occasion, but this Imperial Library would result in the unearthing of valu- manuscript discloses him as the true author of the so- able Greek works which had so far escaped the research called AthanasianCreed. No scholar, of course,any ofscholars. Accordingly thepresent discovery isnot longer attributes the Quicunque Vult to St. Athanasius; likely to come as anygreat surprise to thelearned, and it is a standing problem who wrote it, and how he thoughit may not improbably excite more emotion gotthe Church to accept it. Theanswer isfurnished among the ignorant part of the religious public. by thisgospel, from which we learn that when the According tothe correspondentalready referred to, young ruler came to Christ with the famous question,- the M.S. underconsideration first attracted the atten- What must I do to be saved?”-the Master,instead tion of the Reverend Father Anastasios, of the monas- of giving him the unreasonable advice to part with the tery of the Panaghia, on Mount Athos, he being one of whole ofhis property, responded by delivering this a commission of scholars appointed by the Ecumenical great Creed,exactly as it now stands in thePrayer- Patriarch, on theinvitation of theYoung Turks, to Book. searchthe Imperial Libraryfor works of interestto The only objection thatcan be urgedagainst the the Orthodox Churches. manuscript,on the score of reverence,is the writer’s On its being laid before the Holy Synod that body at habitual use of capital letters in spelling pronouns which once decided that it would not be expedient to put it in referto King Herod, while those which referto the generalcirculation, in view of certaindivergencies Persons of the Trinity are spelt with small letters. But between thestandpoint of thewriter and that of the even in this significantdetail the Apostle has simply four evangelists already recognised by the Church. On anticipated the practice of our own Church, as may be thataccount, but not, it is importantto note, on seen by a glance atthe Thirty-Nine Articles. The account of any doubt as to its authenticity or credibility, Preface to the AuthorisedVersion is notless decisive the M.S. hasnot yet beenissued by thepress of the on the point :- Patriarchate. “The Lord of heavenand earth bless Your Majesty Unfortunately,the fact that such a workhad been with many and happy days, that, as his heavenly hand found,and had beenwithheld from the public,leaked hath enriched Your Highness,” etc. out in Constantinople, where it was naturally made the Unless we cansuspect English divines of thinking most of by the less reputableMohammedan journals. more of theirearthly than their heavenlyruler, which Only thestrictest censorship onthe part of the is impossible, we haveno rightto attribute any such Christian news agencies has prevented the episode, and infirmity to this evangelist. the malicious comments made on it, from reaching the It is, on thecontrary, the extremely striking corro- ears of theBritish public. Inspite of thecare thus borationgiven to Catholicteaching by thisgospel, as exercised on behalf of theChristian reader, it would cornparedwith therest of theNew Testament, which seem thatthe truth has nowpenetrated tothe very hasraised adoubt as toits authenticity in certain quarter from which it was most desirable to conceal it ; quarters. Sceptical scholarsare inclined totake the andit is being freely rumoured thatthe Rationalist view that it must have been written at some time during Press Association has secured a copy of the suppressed the Ariancontroversy, that is tosay in thefourth gospel, and is preparing to publish a literal translation. century A.D., to be used as a weapon by theparty To prevent, as far as possible, the injury likely to be which ultimatelytriumphed. But, if so, how are we to done to revelation by sucha dangerous proceeding, it account for its unknown author putting it forth as the seemshighly desirable that one of the great religious work of so unpopular an Apostle? It would have been publishing houses should repeat the step already taken equally easyfor him to haveascribed it toPeter or in thecase of otherworks of animprudently sincere James ; andfrom what we know of the critical intelli- character,namely, that of securingthe English copy- gence of theCatholic Church in thatage there is no right, and issuing an edition of its own, made with due reason to supposethat the forgery would have been regard tothe interest of revelation,and accompanied detected. 180 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER 23, 1909

An alternative view is that the gospel is actually the ment on the character of the Apostle who has been so work of an Arian, who sought to discredit the doctrine strangely regarded as a traitor to Christ. which has since become orthodox, by putting it in the N.B.-No notice need betaken of theunpleasant mouth of an Apostlewith a tarnishedreputation. But report that this wonderful testimony was fabricated by asense of humourwas not astrong point in the order of the ex-Sultan-with whatmotive it is impos- character of theearly Fathers, and it must be con- sible to conceive ! LUCIFER. sidereddoubtful whether such irony would nothave entirelymissed its mark. A saint likeAthanasius or Augustine would have welcomed thesupport of even Psychic Parallels Judas Iscariot against a rival theologian. By FrancisGrierson. It is a much more plausible suggestion that we have herethe work of a Pagansatirist, perhaps Julian EVERYhabitation attractsor repels,according tothe theApostate himself, who hoped to discreditthe mentalimpression of the beholder. Housesand dis- Christian Church by showing that the only Apostle who trictshave a psychic influence whichharmonises with couldfairly be claimed as agood Churchman was the thematerial form. Localitiesresemble individuals : no onewho betrayed Christ. If so, itcan he said with two are alike. Not only do the cities differ, like people, confidence thatthe weapon which he forgedagainst but, to the psychologist and the poet, every street has Christianityhas recoiled against himself. Thisgospel, itspersonal atmosphere. if we are notmistaken, will bereceived, like the In the study of psychic parallels no city in the world MoabiteStone, the Flood tablets,the Hammurabi offers suchinteresting examples as London. An artist Code, and so many other ancient documents apparently walkingabout London will passfrom one mood to fatal to revelation, as the strongest possibleconfirma- another manytimes in thespace of an hour. Forthe tion of it. It will be said,and it will besaid success- influences of locality and conformation are more potent fully, by Christianapologists, that the author of this thanthose caused by soundand mobility. Thethings gospelwas made an instrument for good in hisown that move and change have no abiding influence on the despite,and that the startling contradictions between soul. It isnot the traffic and movementwhich make himand the better-known evangelists merely confirm us feel deeply, butthe fixed andadamantine rows of their authority, by showing that they cannot have been brick and stone, forming a sort of symbolical bas-relief incollusion with him. At thevery worst it affords forthe people who dwell within. Housessymbolise some evidence that theFounder of Christianitywas the people who live in them, streets represent frames of believed to have had a real existence, the very point on mind,and localities mental tendencies. Neighbour- which apologistshave always felt the most painful hoods are provincial,cosmopolitan, commercial, or in- doubt in private. tellectual. To the author of “Vanity Fair ” Baker and The theorymost likely to commend itself tothe HarleyStreets were the most snobbish streets in higher critics is that the Gospel according to St. Judas London ; but the metropolis haschanged considerably Iscariot is the work of a Christian forger, actuated by since Thackeray’s time, for Park Lane, which was ultra the best motives, and possibly working from a memoir aristocratic so late as 1870, is now cosmopolitan in the of the Apostle,which hasnot beenpreserved. No mostconfused sense of that word. Worldlyambition, oneis ignorant that the Christians of the first few fashion,and snobbery are one. People takethe centuries held views on the permissibility of fraud and straightestroad to the desired object.Personal vanity forgery in the defence of revelation, which are wisely runs parallel with fashion. This is why Park Lane has disavowed in our own day,as tending to lower the fallen a ready prey to the invaders who were compelled Church in the esteem of the worldly-minded. The end- by the law of psychological attraction to seek a goal OR lessinterpolations and prevarications, the spurious thesame socialhigh road. anecdotesand fabricated miracles, which the Encyclo- Peoplethink they use reason when they are only paedia Biblica has reluctantly detected in the canonical following theinward and secret forces of attraction. gospels themselves, should satisfy every fair mind that Men actmore from sympathy or repulsion thanfrom this apologist was faithfully imitating the other writers reasonor experience.But the old denizens of Park of the New Testament. Lane were not intellectually exclusive ; there was some- thing in theircomposition akinto the peoplethey Less judicious than his collaborators in the choice of looked down upon. The difference between the old and nom-de-plume, perhaps,he is far more to be con- a the new is one of degree : the old are standing on the gratulatedonthe general tone of his narrative. toprung of theladder, the new havejust begun to Nothingsavouring of socialism,communism or climb thesame ladder. We move alongthe parallels anarchismhas beenretained in his version of the which nature has marked out for us ; neverupon any Master’s career andteaching. All constituted authori- other. The soul finds an affinity in form as well as in ties, whether kings, priests, or government officials, are temperament.Habitations, streets, Iocalities, towns, treated with entirerespect. The respectable Pharisees cities,plains, rivers, and lakesare allunconscious and Sadducees evidently enjoy the evangelist’s esteem, creators of mental images, moods, and sensations which and the sinner and the licensed victualler are properly have a direct bearing on thought and affect the quality reprobated. of a man’s work. Only oneinstance need begiven of thegratifying Although appearances are the most deceiving things harmony between the mind of St. Judas, or the writer in the world, there can be no mistake about the mean- whoshelters himself under that name,and the mind ing of certaindistricts of London.About localities of themodern Churches. The famous miracle at like St. Pancras and King’s Cross no false impression Canais given a totallyopposite character in this ispossible. Here we feel certain the mind conforms to gospelto that so unfortunatelygiven to itelsewhere. the physicalenvironment. Flowers and bright patches We now learn for the first time, what we ought to have of greenfail to lift the mind of theartist from the suspected long ago, that instead of water being changed sordidnesseverywhere manifest from the beginning of into wine on that occasion, it was the wine which was EustonRoad, in a directline, to the hill at Islington. changedinto water, in orderto guard the wedding The sordid has its parallels, like refinement and beauty. party from the danger of intoxication. The mistake of To the people whoprefer to live in thesedistricts the the other evangelist is easily explained by this account, influence of thestreets and houses gives as much from which itappears that the miraclewent unper- pleasure as the atmosphere of Richmond Park gives to ceived at the time ; because only the substance of the the poet. wine underwent a change into the substance of water ; Not so easy is it to judge of the denizens of certain the wine retaking its species, or sensible appearance, streets,squares, and districts of the West End. The includingitscolour, scent, taste and exhilarating sordid districts are more ponderous and concrete ; the properties. forces of matter seize upon the imagination and crush Thissingle improvement onthe old gospelsshould the soulunder the weight of the universal mass ; be sufficient to secure the reverentreception of the the mind finds no relief until the locality isleft far new one, and to bring about an entire revision of judg- behind.But in passingdown from Hyde Park into DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 181

Belgrave Square the psychological sensation is also one chords.There is a psychicand magneticcorrespon- of sordidness,but on a higherparallel. In this square dence through all things. Viewed hastily,everything there is a unity of architecture and design, a material looks like chance ; but the deeper we go into the mean- conformationwhich harmonises with the character of ing of the things which appear casual, the plainer does theinhabitants. The psychicimpression isone of thelaw of phenomenalrelativity become. Perhapsthe drearylassitude. From one end to the other the place chief cause of inharmony among people is the ignorance gives the impression of morbidrefinement and un- of the world concerning the attractive and the repulsive healthy ambitions, the influence becoming more master- forces in trivial as well asgreat things. If wecould ful when we minglewith the people. Whether con- becomeclairvoyant and psychometric, theharmonious sideredfrom the exterior or interior, it is one of the relation of people and things would become apparent ; most depressing of the fashionable localities of London. colours, sounds, and perfumes would blend in an endless It has its own personality, distinct from all the others. symphony of chromatic tones and tints, and we should ButPortman Square rivals it in thedreariness and recogniselaw where we now seenothing but chance heaviness of its houses. Inthis square the people are or chaos. lessfashionable, but more modern ; comparedwith Observingtravellers have been impressedwith the BelgraveSquare it is Like achapel to a church. Geo- difference between theNeapolitans and the Romans, graphically, as well as socially,Grosvenor Square but if we start fromNaples and go north we find not occupies a positionmidway between these two-a sort only a physicalcorrespondence in thegreat citieson of political peach in a basket of South African oranges ; themain line, but an intellectual ascent which reaches forit, too, is slowly being cosmopolitanised.Berkeley a climax at Milan. For Romeis half Neapolitan,and Square is the brightest; the personality is more marked, Florence reminds one of Rome, but in Milan we emerge the housesmore alluring, and the inhabitants more in from the religious and aesthetic for a world which unites harmonywith the intellectual spirit of the time. If we the commercialwith the scientific while it still retains dwell upon it,we find itimpossible toimagine the something of theartistic. Equally marked are the inhabitants of Berkeley Squareliving south of the degrees of intellectualexpression beginning with Inns- Piccadilly parallel. bruckand ending with Berlin. Innsbruckcorresponds But St. James’Square is unique. Here,the visional to Naples, Munich to Rome,Dresden to Florence, and impressionis one of architecturalsqualor. It is the Berlin to Milan. If wetake the great citieson the tipple with the biggest worm in the aristocratic orchard. Atlantic seaboard, from Maryland to Massachusetts, we We think of incurableinvalids, who arealways away haveanother striking instance of intellectual progress being cured ; of old Romein decadence, when the sion in a directline from south to north.Washington nobility were resigned to whatever might happen. ispolitical and social, Baltimore religious and com- There are twists and inversions in a social hemisphere mercial,Philadelphia religious and philosophical, New whichmay be conceived, but neverwitnessed. The Yorkcommercial, social, and philosophical, Boston difference between Bryanstone and Eaton Squares seems philosophical and scientific. to be inproportion tothe great distance whichsepa- Butthe districts of a city differ as much as the. ratesthem. The first possesses a personality of its sections of a country. To pass from the Latin Quarter, own, the second is a poor imitation of Belgrave Square ; in Paris, to the Rue de Rivoli and the Champs Elysées andthis difference haslittle, if anything,to do with meanstransitiona from what is characteristically titular distinction-itlies in thepersonality of the in- French to a cosmopolitan quarter moulded in a French habitants.The names in theCourt Directory reveal pattern.The districts of London are morevaried and nothingthat can aid the student of humannature in complex, butthe different quarters of Parisare more solving the mystery of psychic parallels, for John Smith, clearly defined, andthey are easier to classify. Who whenhe becomes Lord Bellair, maychange his habits has not been aware of a change in the order of impres- andhis abode, but not his personality. This is why sions while passingfrom oneside of the RiverSeine names and titles count for little in the scrutiny of social tothe other? It separates the old fromthe new, the grades, influences, andambitions. Dukes and mar- classicalfrom themodern. The poets, artists, and‘ quises are not so intelligent, as a class, as the men philosophers of theLatin Quarter are enveloped in a who have been newly ennobled. And not only this, but psychic atmosphere proper to their character and their many of thehighest titles are synonymous with calling. In 1869, whenvisiting the appartement where ignoranceand vulgarity. I know of whole rows of AugusteComte lived andwrote, in theRue houses inhabited by titled people, not one of whom can Monsieur le Prince,I seemed to realise that distinguish between a good book and a bad book ; and hisphilosophy would not gain many adherents I recentlyconversed with thesister of a dukewho among the people living on the other side of the Seine. thought that Wagner was still living and directing his Twentyyears later, while visiting M. PaulBourget, I works at Bayreuth. was forcibly impressed with the appropriateness of the The social novice, behe artist or philosopher,who locality to the style and thought of his novels. It was receives his impressions from what he reads, instead of in the heart of the Faubourg Saint-Germain ; the silence from what he sees and hears, will remain in ignorance was like that of a Roman ruin ; the house was hidden of themeaning of coteries,localities, andmagnetic from thestreet by an old wall, while insideI felt the parallels. It is not enough to lookon the map and see reposeof the cloisterand theordered refinement of that Brixton is separated from Belgravia by a river, and moderndecoration and comfort. In the same neigh-. that itis supposed tobe inhabited chiefly by business bourhood lived and died Saint-Beuve ; andwhere else peopleliving in smallvillas. What concernsthe in Paris could J. K.Huysmans have written his mys- psychologistis why certain people preferBrixton to tical novels?The Latin Quarter and the Faubourg Bayswater Camberwell toIslington, Hampstead to Saint-Germain are the quarters where artists, thinkers, Hornsey. and society people prefer to assemble for dinner or con- If temperament were visible in colours, we could dis- versation en petit comité Here, as nowhere else in the tinguishas manycolours asthere are districts in the world, the intellect is separated from the passions of the great world we call London. The expressions“local crowd and the exigencies of fashion. On the other side colour, ” “ local atmosphere,” applied to literature, are of the riverpeople live under thegaze of society re- not idle phrases.Everything has a tone,a quality, a porters,and expect to be talked about in the news- colour. And, as onequality may not harmonise with papers ; buthere one gravitates unconsciously to that mother, so the people of one district may be at variance group ofpersons whose interests are akin.Nowhere withthe people of another,and yet be separated by else in the world is the line so markedbetween social nothinggreater than a streetor a small hill. Every affinity andfinancial power. Withbut few exceptions musical chordrepresents a colour ; andthere is for worldly interest sways the titled people of the Champs every person a dominant chord which is the key to the Elysées while intellectual sympathy and historical asso- person’stemperament. If we could arrive at the truth ciationkeep the students, philosophers, and nobles of in thesethings we should find thatthe different per- the old traditions in thedistrict that lies betweenthe. fumes havea correspondence in colours and musical Panthéon and the Hôtel des Invalides. 182 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER23, 1909

Baptistminister of Sevenoaks, has boiled over with The Nonconformist Nettle. indignation. “ You havemade an absolutelyunprovoked attack By Allen Upward. upon the ministers of the Evangelical Free Churches,” hewrites to the curate. And again : “ This is the The Nonconformist Conscience has taken a step sort of dogmathat is sometimes advocated as ‘ Reli- forward. For someyears past it has protestedwith a giousInstruction ’ and ‘ distinctiveChurch teaching,’ show of reason againstthe teaching of Church of and there are simple-minded people who cannot under- England doctrines to Nonconformist children in schools stand why we object to it being taught in the elemen- kept up by Nonconformist rates. It now claims a right tary schools at the public expense.” of censorship over the most private teaching given by Mr. Rudge’sirrelevant.pointlast is Mr. theChurch of Englandto its ownchildren, in the McAuliffe was not teaching in any public school or at course of its evangelicalministry. Itassumes not the public expense. He wasgiving private instruction merely to suppress the parish magazine, and silence the toyouths of his own communion, in the doctrines of parsonin his pulpit; but to overhear his instructions, that communion, and no one but members of the com- given at the most solemn moment of their lives, to pos- munion hadany business to interfere with him. Mr. tulants for communion,and to denounce them in the Rudge had no more right to object than he would have public press, shouldthey contain anything contrary to to object to a Mohammedanmullah teaching young the Nonconformist creed. Mohammedans thatthe whole Christian religion was Thislast instance of theNonconformist temper is false. recorded,with every mark of sympathy and approval, As a Churchman (by common law) I do object to Mr. by the “ Daily News ” of December 14th, 1909. McAuliffe’s doctrines. I doubt if theChurch of “ Indignationhas been aroused inNonconformist Englandever has taught, or now teaches officially, circles in this neighbourhood (Sevenoaks) owtng to the thatDissenters are guilty of falsedoctrine. Judged action of a Church of England curate ” (the Rev. R. P. by her Articles her pretensions in- this respect are far McAuliffe). more modest than those of any Nonconformist Church. Mr. McAuliffes’s crimeconsisted, briefly, in thinking She publicly declares that error has crept into all the that his Church was right, and the Dissenters wrong, great historic Churches of Christendom, only omitting and saying so to six lads whom he was preparing for Constantinople-andI may esteem myself fortunate in confirmation. “ He instancedSpiritualism as a grow- beingon friendly termswith the Patriarch of that ing evil.” Spiritualismin the form of necromancy is Church,one of whose archbishops I wasinstrumental practised by a personwho once played thepart of a in relievingfrom a charge of freethought, recklessly Nonconformist Torquemada, and among other services brought against him by a representative English Non- to morality helped to suppress the sale of “ L’Assom- conformist.+ All that the Church of Englandclaims is moir ” and “ Nana,” the most powerful sermons ever to be followed aslong .as sheis following Scripture preachedon behalf of temperanceand chastity. Still, (Arts. xix. xx). raising the dead is not directly taught in the New Testa- So far fromcondemning Dissent the Church of ment ; and so short a time has elapsed since the Noncon- England in the past was tolerant of it to an extent that formist Conscience was burning witches in New England would now be considered disreputable. Under the Test that Mr. McAuliffe may havethought himself onsafe Act Nonconformists were, so to speak, dragged to her ground in describing it as “ false teaching.” altars,and made to communicateagainst their will.

It wasa more heinous offence to “ hand a manu- Of politicalpersecution there was only too much. But script ” tothe six youths, setting out the names of the religious intolerance was always on the part of the various Nonconformist sects whose teaching the Church Dissenters. of Englanddoes not recognise as sound. These were It maysurprise the Rev. C. Rudgeto betold that the Presbyterians,the Congregationalists, Baptists, manyBaptists hold theteaching of theChurch of ,Quakers, Wesleyans, and Salvation Army.-I gratefully Ehgland on the subject of infant baptism to be “ false notethe omission of my ownsect, the Plymouth teaching,”and are not afraid tosay so. It will Brethren, but believe I am not influenced by that omis- astonishhim, perhaps, to learn that some Baptists do sion in these observations. notencourage their children toworship in theparish In the coarse language of the Litany, Mr. McAuliffe churches. Itmust, of course,amaze him tohear that the late Mr. Spurgeon considered much of the teaching appears to have characterised the “distinctive teaching’“ of hisown Nonconformist brethren to be false; and of these bodies as “ false doctrine, heresy and schism. ’ I have so. oftenheard the same, or similar, language that he said so, not privately to his own communicants, applied to those very bodies and their teaching by the but to the whole world, in the “ Sword and Trowel.” venerableWilliam Lincoln, leading Brother at Beres- Had Mr. Rudgecomplained of Mr. McAuliffe’s ford Chapel, Walworth, in my boyhood, that I can make history,I could understand him. Forthe curate Com- some allowance for Mr. McAuliffe Indeed, I must admit mitted himself to the rash statement that the Baptists thatBrother Lincoln, who had resigned avaluable were “ another kind of Congregationalists,” founded in living in the Church OD perceiving the unlawfulness of 1633. Mr. Rudge, as aBaptist minister, is well aware infantbaptism, and who was themost sincere man I thatthe word Baptistis a shortening of Anabaptist, have ever met with, was even stricter than the curate, and that so far frombeing founded in 1633, as a inasmuch as he included the Church of England in his branch of theIndependents, the Anabaptists hada commination. glorious historyon the Continent, where theyseized Onthe other hand he made a partialexception in the city of Munster, in Germany,and established a régime closely resembling the French Reign of Terror-, favour of the Baptists, authorising his followers to go with features of the Salt Lake City and the Agapemone to Spurgeon’sTabernacle for “ milk,”before coming added.But it may be that Mr. Rudgesaw no duty onto himself for “ strongmeat.” But a Sister who cast upon him to enlighten the curate on that head. availed herself of the permission reported on her return The Church of England is an attempt, honest on the that, what withthe crowd, and the red cushions,and part of the first Protestants,such as Latimer and thegaslight, the Tabernacle remindedher of hell. Hooper,vitiated under the evil influence of that (These words were actually said to the writer). bad woman,Elizabeth, to reconcile Protestantsand Mr. McAuliffe aggravatedhis offence by quoting Catholics in a commonworship, on the principle that Scripture on the subject of “ falseteachers.” If there Christian unity and concord are more important things wasone passage of Scripture morefamiliar in the than trifling outwardceremonies like ringsand sur- mouths of the Nonconformist Fathers than any other it plices. ThePuritans thought otherwise. They left was that which foretellsthe arising of falseteachers. theChurch, and theycondemned theChurch, on Thatpassage was most pointedlyapplied by themto grounds which itis difficult in thesedays to write of theteachers of Poperyand Prelacy. The curate of Sevenoaks has presumed to apply it to those who have * See “ The East End of Europe” (Murray), pp. 47-49 hitherto applied itto him ; andthe Rev. C. Rudge, and 102-104. DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 183

seriously. The use of the ring in marriage, one of their forbid games of cards ; they forbid theatres ; they forbid favouritegrounds of quarrel,they have long since horse-racing ; and they havetried to forbidfootball. adopted in theirown communions. TheDissenting They exercise a censorship on literature so severe that Fathers are fully entitled to the praise of uprightness, the Roman Index becomes a puerile pretence beside it. but the less said about their tolerance the better. I once published a humorous broadsheet intended as a It neverseems tohave dawned on theDissenting satire on the worst class of juvenile paper. I was mind that the persecutedmust always be rather more aided in thework by thedirector of a Nonconformist bigoted than the persecutor. It calls for more faith to publishinghouse. Among the jokes was a page of let oneself be burned than merely to burn one’s neigh- portraits to which the wrong names were attached. A bour. Theunfortunate Cranmer is a case in point. portrait of the celebrated Spurgeon was given as “ The Hewas brave enough to be an executioner,but not German Emperor.’’ A more innocent joke it would be enoughto be a martyr.The Ironsides were infinitely difficult to imagine,and if theGerman Emperor did better men thanLaud. But they were not better notresent it, it is hardly possible to believe that Mr. Christians. Cromwell wasthe most tolerant of his Spurgeon would havedone so, hadhe been alive. I party,but even he dared not or didnot tolerate doubt if the most bigoted Roman Catholic would have Prelacy. resentedsuch a joke atthe expense of a Pope. But There are fewdelusions in history more naive, and thereare more Papists than those of Rome. One of morepersistent, than this of theNonconformists that them, belonging to Mr. Rudge’s communion, to a com- theyare the party of tolerance.They have left the munion in which I myself have worshipped, and hope to Church of Englandbecause they thought it wrong to again,took it upon himself tocanvass the London remainin it, and yet they are aggrieved because the wholesale tradeto stop the sale of my publication, Church thinks they were wrong to leave it. because it contained blasphemy against his god. dissent from the Church, but the Church Theymust maynot Such at heart are the men who denounce boycotting, dissent from them. from dissent and intolerance,and superstition, when practised by The man who resigns a good income and an assured othersthan themselves.Such is thespirit which shot position,over a questionlike infant baptism or the Ferrer. ring in marriage, maybe a hero,but he is also un- ThePale Person is ubiquitous. The seat of the doubtedly a fanatic. The man who steps into his shoes NonconformistConscience is toooften in the Noncon- may be a time-server and an oppressor, but the one sin formistliver. The class whose whole lives are a cam- thatcannot be laid to his chargeis bigotry. The paign of cruel slander against all who differ from them, Church of England has much to reproach herself with whetherCatholics or “ freethinkers,” licensed victual- onthe score of worldliness,but where intolerance is lers or bishops, find themselves offered a drop of their concerned,the Nonconformist little fingeris thicker ownpoison, and straightway foam at themouth. For than her loins. weeks past the “ Daily News ” has been printing on its front pages manifestoes urging “ Fret: ” Churchmen to There is no “ Free ” Church that would tolerate for .a singleday such widely differingschools of thought take part in the election, and on its back pages, denun- as are embracedwithin the Church of EnglandThe ciations of Churchmenwho presume todo likewise. .creditmay bethe secular government’s. The cause The “ Free ” Churchman is urged to use his pulpit in may be the loaves and fishes of Establishment. But the the service of his party; the Churchman is forbidden to fact of toleranceremains ; andit is such tolerance as use theparish magazine. My soul revolts atsuch ,no other Christian Church can show. hypocrisy. ABaptist will secedefrom his communion over a At Sevenoaksthe Nonconformist Conscience has looked in the glass. question of pew-rents A Congregationalist will start a schism overthe word Parthenogenesis. A Methodist SONG IN TIME OF FESTIVITY. will foundnewa sect out of personaljealousy. A Itwas the night our Lord was born, Plymouth Brother will excommunicate his own mother The snow lay grey upon theroofs, forthe sake of theLittle Horn inDaniel. The senti- mental Papist and the sentimental Agnostic are brought The poorwent sickly andforlorn, together in the wide fold of the Establishment. And all thenight till Christmasmorn (Sing Gloria !) At thepresent moment the Nonconformists imagine They beat their hands, and whined like dogs themselves to beresisting Anglican teaching in the And thought about a firewith logs. primary schools. What they are really resistingis the Lame Meg rose up from her pallet bed, right of theRomanist the Anglican,the Jew, the And took the streets to make her bread. ChristianScientist and the scientist, to refuse to pay (Sing,Christ is come for Nonconformistteaching. Gentlemen likeMr. To bring us goodand happiness, Rudge of Sevenoaks laydown by their own authority And savethe meanfolk from distress : thekind of religiousinstruction which theyconsider Sing Gloria !) Anglicans ought to accept, and then “ resist ” them for not accepting it. If Anglicans were to devise a scheme Lame Meg went heavy through the snow, ,of teachingsuitable for Nonconformists, and demand The stinging cold must make her cry ; its acceptance by them, the passive resisters would be There comesno cavern man,and so the first to resent such impertinence. She tells her beads to quench her woe : The passive resisters are deliberately trading on the (Sing Gloria !) supposed fact that the English public still likes Catholic She blows herfingers near a lamp, teachingless than Protestant teaching. They are And shakes and shudders in the damp. fighting for a State religion,after their own heart, in (Venite adoremus ! the schools, just as their forefathers fought for a State Our Lordis born tobring us health, religion,after their own heart, in thechurches. The And low men food and fire and wealth : great question that dividesthem from their opponents Sing Gloria !) is whether the Bible ought, or ought not, to be read to The snowrose up about herknees, childrenwithout explanation. And theypropose as a And filled her hair and weary face ; tolerantcompromise, that itshall be read without ex- And now shesaid, “Sweet Mary, please, ,planation, or, stillworse, with their explanation. That For thy young Child’s sake give me ease.” is whatNonconformists honestly believe to be (Sing Gloria !) tolerance. She fell and struck her sorry head, The only test of tolerance is power. The only power And moanedand cried till she was dead. the Nonconformists have enjoyed has been within their (Cantelnunc, lo ! own communionsand their own families, and in the No more of blows andbitter things, intercourse of secular life. And withinthose spheres The low have homes as well as kings : they have been uniformly guilty of intolerance such as From henceforth sing we Gloria !) Catholiccountries are scarcelyable to conceive. They VINCENTO’Sullivan 184

Messrs. Hutchinson have fairly well succeeded in it. Books and Persons. Mr. Heinemann issues as much really high-class litera- (AN OCCASIONAL CAUSERIE.) ture as any publisher in London, but if his policy has had a “ family and young lady ” tendency, that ten- THEimmediate origin of the new attempt by the libraries dency has escaped me. He has published books (some to exercise a censorship over books, and particularly of them admirable works, and some not) which a com- mittee of hiring experts would have rejected with over novels, is quite accidental and silly. A woman unanimous enthusiasm. It is needless to particularise. socially prominent in the governing classes of this realm Why Mr. Heinemann should have supported the has a daughter. The daughter obtained and read a cer- Libraries in the private deliberations of the Publishers tain book from the circulating library. (Naturally the I cannot imagine. But that is the fault of my imagina- family is one of those that are too rich to buy books ; it tion. I have an immense confidence in Mr. Heine- can only hire.) The mother chanced to see the book, mann’s business acumen and instinct for self- and considered it to be highly improper. (I have not preservation. *** read the book, but I should say that it is probably not improper at all; merely a trivial, foolish book.) The The Publishers, if they chose, could kill the censor- ship movement at once by politely declining to submit woman went direct to an extremely exalted member of their books to the censorship. If only the three big the Cabinet, being a friend of his; and she kicked up a fiction firms concerted to do this, the Libraries would be tremendous storm and dust. The result was that “ cer- compelled to withdraw their project. But the Pub- tain machinery ” was set in motion, and “ certain repre- lishers will not do this; not even three of them will do it. sentations ” were made to the libraries; indeed, the The only argument against a censorship is that it is ex- libraries were given to understand that unless they did tremely harmful to original literature of permanent value; and such an argument does not make any very something themselves “ certain steps ” would be taken. powerful appeal to publishers. What most publishers It was all very vague and impressive, and it brought want is to earn as much money as possible with as little recent agitations to a head. Hence the manifesto of fuss as possible. Again, the Authors’ Society might the libraries, in which they announce that all books kill the censorship conspiracy by declining to sign any must be submitted in advance to a committee of hiring agreement with publishers which did not contain a experts, and that the submitted books will be divided clause forbidding the publisher to submit the book to into three classes. The first class will be absolutely the committee of hiring experts. A dozen leading novelists could command the situation. But the banned ; the circulation of the second will be prevented Authors’ Society will do nothing effective. The official so far as it can be prevented without the ban absolute; reply of the Authors’ Society was as feeble as that of and the sale of the third will be permitted without the Publishers. I repeat that the only argument restrictions. against a censorship is that it is extremely harmful to *** original literature of permanent value ; such an argu- ment does not make andvery powerful appeal to authors. Of course, that even the suggestion of a censorship What most authors want is to earn as much money should spring from such a personal and trifling cause is as possible with as little fuss as possible. Besides, the very scandalous. But I am fairly sure that it might great money-makers among authors-the authors of happen under any Government and under any form of weight with publishers and libraries-have nothing to fear from any censorship. They censor themselves. Goverment. All Governments must ‘consist of indi- They take the most particular care not to write any- vidual members, and all individual members have thing original, courageous, or true, because these friends. Most of them are acquainted with women, and qualities alienate more subscribers than they please. I with absurd women, who will utilise the acquaintanceship am not a pessimist nor a cynic, but I enjoy contem- with all their might for their own personal ends. And plating the real facts of a case. exceedingly few members of any Government whatso- *** ever would have the courage to tell a well-dressed and All the forces would seem to be in favour of the arrogant woman to go to the devil, even when that establishment of a censorship. (And by a censorship I mean such a censorship as would judge books by a answer happened to be the sole correct answer to an code which, if it was applied to them, would excom- impertinence. Wellington merely damned the portly municate the Bible, Shakspere, Defoe, Richardson, darlings, but then Wellington, though preposterous as a Fielding, Sterne, Swift, Shelley, Rossetti, Meredith, politician, was a great man. Hardy, and George Moore. “ The Ordeal of Richard *** Feverel ” would never, as a new work, pass a library censorship. Nor would “ Jude the Obscure,’’ nor half The menacing letter from the Libraries was received a dozen of Hardy’s other books; nor would most of by the Publishers on the very day of their Council meet- George Moore.) Nevertheless I am not very much per- ing. This may, or may not, have been accidental, but turbed. There are three tremendous forces against the establishment of a censorship, and I think that they will at any rate it put the Publishers at a disadvantage. triumph. The first is that mysterious nullifying force The Council meetings of the Publishers’ Association, by which such movements usually do fizzle out. The being dominated by knights and other mandarins, are second force against it lies in the fact that the move- apt to be formal and majestic in character. You can’t ment is not genuinely based on public opinion. And blurt out whatever comes into your head at a Council the third is that there is a great deal of money to be meeting of the Publishers’ Association. And nearly made out of merely silly mawkish books which the everybody is afraid of everybody else. No one had censorship would ban with serious, original work. For such books a genuine demand exists among people had time to think the matter over, much less to decide otherwise strictly respectable, far stronger than the feel- whether surrender or defiance would pay best or look ing against such books. That demand will have its best. Consequently the reply sent to the Libraries was way. A few serious and obstinate authors will a masterpiece of futility. The mildly surprising thing perhaps suffer for a while. But then we often do is that, in the Council itself, there was a strong pro- suffer. We don’t seem to mind. No one could guess, Library party. Among this party were Messrs. for instance, from the sweet Christian kindliness of my general tone in this column towards Mr. Jesse Hutchinson and Mr. Heinemann. Messrs. Hutchinson, Boot’s library that Mr. Jesse Boot had been guilty of it is well known, have consistently for many years tried banning some of my work which I love most. But it is to publish only novels for “family reading.” It is an so. I suppose we don’t mind, because in the end, dead ambition like another. And one may admit that or alive, we come out on top. JACOB TONSON. 185

But words belong with living man, BOOKOF THEWEEK And are the bodies of his soul, When truth and purpose rule the scroll, Love’s Answer. Firm-shaped for future men to scan. [The writer of the following stanzas had agreed with the Editor ofTHE NEW AGE to review such books published in And still must other Lincolns bleed, America as seemed to be concerned with the dominant idea And still must poets dirge their dooms- of this age, namely, the idea of Socialism in its best sense: the sense that it is an attempt to make a new world for men. For still the ancient menace glooms This agreement was shortly followed by the writer’s reading Upon all sons of Adam’s seed. of a book by Edward William Thomson, entitled “When Lincoln died, and Other Poems,” published in Boston, The menace of men’s hate for man- Mass., U.S.A., by Houghton, Mifflin and Company; also in O bitter drink and Judas kiss Canada under the title of “ The Many Mansioned House.” That ev’ry Christ must know, nor miss The writer at the time was living alone on the coast of Cali- Gethsemane’s woe and Mary’s ban! fornia. For two weeks he roamed the shore, reading the book, and thinking of it, and living in it. His purpose was to review it for THE NEW AGE. The following is the form Ah, strange it is to us who know the review assumed. The quatrain quoted at the beginning The worth of love-as Lincoln knew- is taken from the book in question.] To see the sword of hate strike through ’Tis only when Love’s angel eyes The peace of love and bring it low! Gaze steadfast from a mortal guise, MICHAELWILLIAMS. Tranquil, sincere, divine, devout, They still the tumult of the doubt. REVIEWS. Your book lies by me on the sand- The Submarine Girl. By Edgar Turner. (Stanley Here where I lonely sit and mark Paul. 6s.) The billows crashing in from stark, This book promised better things at the beginning Untrammelled vasts of sea to land. than do happen in and after the foolish chapter called, “The Bursting of the Bomb.” The bomb merely turned The dunes are as heaped misty gold out to be a dummy one, and the girl, in whom the author Drenched in the sun’s transmuting wine, certainly meant to portray a noble-hearted revolutionist, Whereon the golden poppies twine shows herself down as a facetious joker. Mr. Turner And wind-warped oaks keep twisted hold. fails to manage his puppet any longer. That this silly character, during a voyage on a submarine, is made to As molten sapphire is the sea, meet with Vanderdecken, the historical Flying Dutch- Save for exasperated foam man, on board the famed phantom ship “Amster- That chafes the shore it cannot roam dammer” is a sample of what Mr. Edgar Turner is With white rebellion splendidly. prepared to do in order to sign himself a novelist. The tragedy of Vanderdecken is made a vehicle for some in- The blue, serene, high dome of sky tolerably puerile scenes, and an entirely new mother-in- Temples the world-as though its God law of the Dutchman is introduced for the first time on Had come to walk upon its sod, any stage. We are not surprised to hear that the “Sub- Drawn by this day’s meet majesty. marine Girl ” is not “different from all other girls.” The volume might be acceptable to the inhabitants of The purple hills behind me rise Bedlam. And close this valley of the west Where Beauty lives dominion-blessed- The Spiritual Combat. By Dom Lorenzo Scupoli. (Methuen. 2s.) As Love might live if men were wise! This is a very valuable work containing the expe- Your book lies by me on the sand, riences of a Catholic mystic whose writings have exerted Half sunken in the golden loam, a wide influence. Perhaps our one and only objection As though, a flower in its home, to Scupoli is that, like many another intellectual, he It sprung from earth at life’s demand. occupies a rather narrow position. He rejects the phy- sical observances of the Catholic Church in favour of Thine is the love that from the earth the intellectual, and this notwithstanding that the phy- Comes as the flowers come, and knows sical have just as much significance as aids to the un- The sun and air and wind, and goes derstanding of mysticism, for a certain class of people Its course from lofty prayer to mirth. that is unable to understand the intellectual, as the intellectual have for those that understand them and Here, by the great Pacific’s verge, reject physical observances accordingly. Such an atti- Your book’s voice and the sea’s voice whelm tude is illogical and tends to defeat its own ends. Thus All other voices of life’s realm, in denouncing the Flight of the Holy Dove as a horrible Together chanting Lincoln’s dirge. observance, as many do, is to ask for the removal of an expedient that alone appeals to the imagination of many a dull person. However, those who desire to I know that many billion years know how spiritual perfection may be attained without And pow’rs of earth and air and sun the aid of masses, sackcloth, scourgings, vigils, fasts, Conjoined to cause these waves that run etc., should read this excellent addition to Messrs. To cry God’s language in my ears. Methuen’s Library of Devotion. Also I know that miracles, Reginald Bosworth Smith. By Lady Grogan. (Nisbet. Untellable of time and change, 10s. 6d.) Conjoined to cause your words that range All who were privileged to read that fine series of Man’s homes and hearts and heavens and hells. articles which Bosworth Smith contributed to the “ Fortnightly ” some years ago will doubtless welcome Ido not know or sea or song this deeply sympathetic expression of the naturalist’s The more my soul with wonder thrills. life by his daughter, Lady Grogan. The book really The sea was ere yon purple hills, forms an appendix to these articles, inasmuch as it But song may be when these belong shows the internal motives of a life of which the pursuit of natural history formed one of the chief outward ex- With other seas and hills that passed pressions. Accordingly, you see the mind and character From their appointed time and place of the writer of “Bird Life,” learn where and how To lend some undiscovered trace he came to write his articles, his antecedents, the in- To this our world-that will not last. fluences working through him, in fact all about a 186 THE NEW AGE DECEMEER23, 1909

charmingand lovablepersonality. You are introduced Greece ” Unwin Homolle) is because of its glorious to StaffordRectory, a fascinating old place peculiarly past ; that ” The Greek Church ” (Charles Diehl) has suited to bring out field-naturalist propensities, as well been themainstay of Hellenism. Paintershave re- as to the 37 years at Harrow where these propensities corded “ Picturesque Greece ” Gustave Fougeres), and werefostered. Infact, you are given a goodinsight archaeologists “ Heroic Greece ” (HenryHoussaye) ; into the surroundings of the naturalist, but you do not whilstrecent eventshave brought home tous the see him at work. To thislatter and most interesting spread of Hellenism in Turkish Asia andMacedonia. side of theHarrow master but one short chapter is All this is not new. Whatthe book ought mainly to devoted,the rest of the bookbeing given over to a reveal is the evolution of Greece since the Crimea War,. comparativelydull account of hiscareer as school- which wascaused by Russiaobjecting to France put- master, biographer, and politician. So the book admir- tinga king on the Greek throne. This war had the ably serves its purpose in revealing the naturalist as a effect of changingGreece from the company of Eng- man of many and varied interests. But to us Bosworth land and France into a limitedliability company, with Smithis of chief interest as deserving torank, in a theEuropean Powers as shareholders. To-day it has way, with Gilbert White, and we shouldhave liked to become an unlimitedliability company propped up by hear more of him in this direction. innumerableinterests. Its presentdesire is, of course, to buy out itsnumerous shareholders and to become Magnetism. Light. By Edwin J. Houston. (Chambers. 6d. each.) oncemore a one-manconcern. The possibility that 3s. Greecemay attainits former glory seems not to be Chambers’Wonder Books-to which seriesthese excluded by these admirable essays, but the probability volumesbelong-are really Chambers’Popular Edu- is altogether another thing. cators forJuveniles. Useful illustrated gift-books, they makean ingenious attempt to approach the juvenile The French Procession. A Pageant of Great Writers, mind through its wonder-world, and to present Natural By Madame Duclaux. Unwin 12s. 6d.) Science to the young imagination in an interesting way. Thisis altogether an admirable, a well-written, and So, “fairystories have been introduced ” to conduct finely illustratedvolume. Theglorious past of France growing-upsround the scientificChamber of Fearful has been the undoing of so many deserving writers that Terms in orderto explain theirmeanings in a fas- itis a pleasure to be able to congratulate Madam cinatingway. Thus in the“Wonder Book of Mag- Duclauxon having treated the subject with a fair netism ” you have “ The White Cat ” at the north end measure of success. Thusshe exhibits the Genius of of the Pole and one of Fortuno’s servants at the other, France-invention, as seen in new and revolutionary explainingthe mysteries of themagic flux ; andthe movements,and traces the succession of thirty re- FaerieQueene and Fortunatus holding forth on the markableminds through three important stages, the magicalproperties of a magnetisedpocketknife-blade. classic,the romantic, and the scientific, from a purely Similarlyin the “Wonder Book of Light ” “fairies, literarystandpoint. To hermethod of organisingthe black,grey, green, and white, attend your office.” In pageant we havehut little objection to make. She this way fact and fable are made to work harmoniously, draws from history as she knows it, she marshals her and juveniles who mustexplore the appalling regions facts with care, and she selects her leading men accord- of natural science are fortunate in having a nice white ing to her considerable knowledge and excellent taste. elephant to carry them round. Ofcourse, her arrangement and choicemay not suit SchooI CareCommittees. A Guide to their Work. everyone. Somereaders mayobject thatthe current By Maud F. Davies.(Burleigh. 6d. net.) of events runs too smoothly andthere is butlittle to Last July a completely new organisation of the indicatethe clash of swordsheralding each mar- School Care committees was inaugurated by the vellous transforming movement, except perhaps in the LondonCounty Council. TheCentral Children’s Care case of Brunetière who fought for the classic revival, Committee is a Sub-committee of the Education Com- and of Taine,who struggled on behalf of science. mittee ; the School CareCommittees withwhich Miss Others may saythat Corneille is tobe preferred to Davies more especially deals are those connected with Racine, thatthe influence of Molière deserves to be everypublic school. Theduties of themembers have noted,that Rousseau, the democrat, should be heard been defined by the L.C.C., and are of real importance atgreater length than Voltaire, the aristocratic; and forthe future of thechildren. Medical advice and that Anatole Francehas no right in theprocession treatment,the feeding and the after employment of even as atailpiece. But,as Aesop’s Fablepoints out, children are among the subjects the members have. to you cannot pleaseeverybody. After all, thegreat consider. Miss Davies has written an extremely useful thing is to please theappreciative ; and allwho can and comprehensive guide for those about to serve. She appreciate its treatment will find pleasure in this book, tellsthe visitor what to do and what to avoid doing, and many interesting moments also. instructs her how to get on the Care Committees, and The Street of Adventure. By PhiIip Gibbs. (Heine-- how toget onwith thechildren. Of thespirit which mann. 3s.) inspires her little book one quotation will suffice : “ To The moral we gatherfrom Mr.Gibbs’ book-it is themember of aCare Committee, for example, the essentially a bookwith a moral-is probably not futurecapacity for independence of the child with its the onehe intended. Doubtless he would cry to all wholelife before it,and depending, as it must, on a young men of journalistictendencies, “ Keepout of minimum of physicalhealth, is of greater importance FleetStreet. Avoid thesubtle poison of thatatmo- than any hypothetical influence on the independence of sphere.”However, since, like most novel-writers, he mature menand women whosephysique and moral feels constrained to show us one or two nice, unpolluted characterare already formed.” Unfortunately the persons inhis pages-some trueknights and gentle chief care of most members of these Committees is that ladies of “ The Street of Adventure ”--we have, as we of themselves, and their chief article of creed : “ The said, gathered our own moral, which is, that whatever poor in a loomp is bad.” We hope Miss Davies’s book we are we must become, and so we may as well go to will be widely and sympathetically read. FleetStreet as anywhere else. We weregreatly in- Greece in Evolution. Edited by G. F. Abbot. (Unwin. terested in reading the book. There is much workman- 5s.) like detail, and the story of the bankruptcy of a great This collection of essays embodies a pleaon behalf paperis well held together.Some of thecharacters of theFrench League for the Defence of theRights are evidently drawn from life--not, we should imagine, of Hellenism, and it is, oddly enough, prefaced by Sir the hero, about whom his author protests so much. It Charles Dilke, one of the least likely persons we should is surely not merely unpleasant but untrue for Mr. Gibbs havethought to be interested in this movement. It to suggest that the average journalist keeps a beautiful mainly reveals the rediscovery by a little band of Phil- but ill-nourishedwife, overburdened with children, in hellenes of a Greecemostly living on its past. In this somedreary suburb or other, and we are inclined to connection it tells us much that we already know. For think Mr. Gibbs’ portrayal of Katherine Halstead, the instance, everybody knows that “ Why We Love woman-reporter, is entirelyunsympathetic. Why he DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 187

should express a desire for her to marry the hero, Frank “ Violence hasbred violence We hope the women will Luttrell,except because she is obviously in love with rememberthis when theyhave thepower; Mrs. Fawcett ChristopherCodrington, and it would serve her right, gives us pause with her “ Home Rule meant handing over. Irelandto a kind of wild-cat government.’’ ((Bow and so to speak, we cease trying to understand. In Spear,” the editors repudiatethe “ Spectator’s suggestion that all our most robust and most intelligent lads should be The Price of Lis Doris. By Maarten Maartens. emigratedto the colonies. A Mrs. Somervell, reprobating (Methuen. 6s.) Mrs. Gilman’s views because they lead to the destruction of The girl marries one man, whom, by the way, we are home life, etc., commences herletter : “ Owing to a pro- to suppose unworthy of her, to provide money for the longedabsence from home ! ” All that thesemiddle-class man she loves in order to develop his genius of paint- women mean, of course,is thatthe working class women ing. That will not do. The novelisticself-sacrificing must remain drudges. Unamuno continues his racy article on ‘(TheSpirit of Spain.”Maude Meredith, writing on femalevillain-heroine is becoming a terriblebore. In ‘‘BoardingOut,” believes “discipline is one of thechief life we do not meet these creatures, and it is bewilder- needs of oar age ; the lack of it in public schools often. hav- ing to have to reviewthem in books. The live,self- ing a bad effect on the boys.” Industrial schools are better sacrificingwoman marries, not someone else, but the for discipline thanboarding out. Wouldforcible feeding man of genius himself in his helplessness ; she sacrifices give women of thistype any sense of discipline? It isless herself andhimself to hiscomfort all day long, and uniformity, not more, that is required in theelementary successfully stifles his genius as a rule. Yetta Donder- schools. Mr. Street writes of Frank Harris’s “ Shakespeare ” as “the most acute and original criticism that has appeared bus was exactly this type of woman until Mr. Maartens since Coleridge, and is far more interesting than Coleridge.” began to imagineher psychology. Thereafter she had We protest against an advertisement appearing as an article to developmelodramatically to marrythe wealthy on “ Woman’s Health.”This is abominable. Pareys, andonly go mothering-or smothering-his In. the “British Health Review ’’ Mr. Upton Sinclair main- Doris,the painter-genius, by stealth. It istime some tains “there is only one law of health. That is, to eat every novelisttreated this Yetta person truly. We are only food you eat in the state in which you find it in Nature, with plagued to find her set up as a theatricalmarionette. no preparation whatever,save washingit clean.” He lived She exists right enough ; but her form of villainy is to on nuts,ripe olives, andsalad vegetables, and we affirm that sot one of these articles has he ever eaten “as you find bring her genius a bowl of soup in the middle of a com- itin Nature.” Has he ever tasted wild olives? Does he position, threaten him playfully if he does not instantly reallythink that without agriculturethe earth would pro- drink it, and then to await his groaning thanks before duce food enough for mankind to-day ? He writes : ‘(We she can be induced to clear off again. are descended from arboreal ancestors; and whoever saw a The totally false psychology bestowed on the principal firein a tree? ” Well, did our arboreal ancestors read the girl naturally limits our author’s handling of the princi- “BritishHealth Review ” intheir trees ? Whoever saw printingin a tree?Did our arboreal ancestors send their pal boy. The hero, Doris, knew from the beginning Lis crews across the Atlantic ? Let’s discuss “raw food ” on Its thatYetta had sold herself, and the author knew he merits ; we cannot swallow it with ill-digested reasoning of this knew;but of courseeverything has to bepretended kind. Dr. Flora Murray has some excellent advice on “Baby quitedifferently when one is determined on making a Culture ” ; we agree with her that most babies are fed too certain dénouement and to spread it over four hundred frequently,and all are badly clothed. Mrs. Hodgkinson’s and fifty odd pages. remarks on “The Girl and her Rights ” are quite sensible, and deserve considerationby all mothers. Wecan agree Mr. Maartensis a realist, andshould never try to that soap is unnecessary for the face as a rule, but why say: imagine psychologies and little plots. The fine pictures “In natural conditions littlewashing is done,and soap IS, of Dutchlife scattered through this bookshow what comparativelyspeaking, unknown.” What does Mrs. he can do when he is merely observing human life and Hodgkinsonmean by naturalconditions when writingfor setting down that which he sees. anurban population in citiesbefouled with greaseand smoke ? Mrs. Earle’s “Pot Pourri ” is as stupid as ever. Causeries du Lundi. By Sainte Beuve. (Routledge. In last month’s ‘(National Review ” the Socialists were 3 vols. IS. each.) accused of takingbribes from Germany; thismonth Mr. Blatchford gets a pat on the back. He “renders conspicuous Thecardinal principle illustrated by this edition of service to the country and the cause of peace by insisting, in Sainte Beuve is that only genius may translate genius. season and out of season, on thegrowing gravity of the Shelley wasnecessary to Plato, Carlyle to Goethe, Germandanger.” Mr.Blatchford’s article is “courageous Coleridge to Schiller,and a moreconsiderable person and creditable ”; “Mr. Blatchford is an exceptionally well- than Mr. E. J. Trenchmann would seem to be necessary informed man as regards everything German ” ; apparently toSainte Beuve. His biographicalnote on the French on the strength of his recent flying visit to Germany and his drinking beer with some German Socialists. Wehope Mr. critic is quiteunsatisfactory, its historical account of Blatchfordlikes it all. Mr. ChristopherTurnor has ‘(A the work is scrappy, and it makes no attempt to give Constructive Agricultural Policy. ’’ The Conservatives show a detailedaccount of the critical method of Sainte signs of advocatingthe cause of agriculture,mainly, I am Beuve. We arenot allowed to gatherthis for our- afraid . . . . (as) acounterblast to theRadical cry for the selves from the illuminating article on Taine, which has nationalisation of land.” “It is not right to ascribethe notbeen included, only a period of a littlemore than depressedcondition of agricultureentirely to FreeTrade, a year (1849-50) beingcovered. The translation, too, nor to say that a tariff by itself would constitutethe one needed panacea.” He advocates extension of small holdings, is sloppy, “ Je suis donc á l’aise pour dire ” being ren- credit banks, co-operation, easier transport, market reforms ; dered “ I maysay with a goodconscience, then, that inshort, the usual programme. Dr. Elizabeth Chesser there, etc. ,” and “ il y a beau jour ” becomes “ for many writes of “The Lancashire Operative ” : “There are families a day.” Inthis way the critic’s wonderful style is receivingfour, five, or six pounds weekly living in a per- obscured. Thenotes, too, areinadequate. Apart from petualstate of debt and improvidence. . . . Salmon lamb this, the selection is good, and it tends to show Sainte and green peas, and new potatoes at 4d. per pound provide Beuvein his best period as an extensivereader, a a luxurious Sunday dinner for the same family who live on a starvation diet of bread and tea and tinned salmon from catholicand impartial judge, and a writerinfluencing Tuesday to Saturday.” It appears that some of these miser- theliterary movement in Francetowards pre-classical able sinners even smoke and drink beer, and the girls like models. Forthis reason these volumes are worth to dress. The writer claims that “It is only by prohibiting reading. married women’s labourfor three months before, and six monthsafter childbirth, that the health of the mother and the well being of thechild can be assured.” “But if women are to be made to stay in the home, it must not be Magazines. as unpaid workers. The working man should be compelled. The to give a definite proportion of his wages to his wife for THE “Englishwoman ’’ is now one of the least unreadable household expenditure, and a system of maternal insurance of the reviews, andis certainly thebest edited. “In Par- should be established in all factories which employ married liament’’ gives a lucid account of the death duties and income women.” In short,the Endowment of Maternity as advo- tax; the writer favours a simpler grading of the latter. Mrs. cated by Miss Murby and other Socialists forsome years. Fawcett has a politician’s article on “The Women’s Suffrage Any reader who has onceglanced at the “National ” can Question: “We urge once more that the disorders, which we make upfor himself thearticles on thePrime Minister, regret, call not merely for repression, but for statesmanlike Bermondsey, andMr. Ure. Vulgar scurrility repeated comprehension and treatment which will remove their cause.” month after month loses all effectiveness. 188 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER23, 1909

and phantoms and diseases, but all the scents of night, DRAMA. withglow-worms, will-o’-the-wisps, night-dewsand Haymarket Theatre. stars. Finally there is the Blue Bird, the symbol of happiness--the happiness of night that dies at break of MAETERLINCK’S“Blue Bird ” delicateisa fancy, day. destinedsurely to be supremeamong all fairy plays. I had forgottenthe Land of Memory, where those Itsform is classical ; itstreatment altogether fresh. who have lived live again as often asothers think of We are familiar enoughwith the traditional story of the them,and the Forest where the children so narrowly fairy play-with the children safely tucked up in bed on escapethe vengeance of theanimals and trees.But ChristmasEve, with their year-long night among the all the adventures of Tyltyl and Mytyl are exquisite. immortals, and theirawakening in the humble wood- Thetranslation by AlexanderTeixeia de Mattos is cutter’s cottage, possessors of the secret of happiness. rather commonplace.Like most renderings from the But whoexcept Maeterlinck would havesent them French, it labours certain words, such as “probably ” upon theirjourney armed with a magicdiamond or “ ideas ”-words which fall lightly as a feather in to show them at every turn the souls of things? Who Maeterlinck’soriginal, but heavily in English, especi- but he could have materialised the Soul of Bread, a jolly ally fromchildren’s lips. The sceneryis designed by if cowardly monster, all well-baked crust, his very face F. Cayley Robinson, S. H. Sime,and Joseph Harker. suggestive of a cottage loaf ; the Soul of Sugar, brittle I have already referred to the ,arrangement of the King- and conciliatory ; the Soul of Milk, a sweetMadonna dom of the Future. The Kingdom of the Past (among clothed in drippingcurds ; theSoul of Water, shim- thetombs) is moresuccessful, and, of course,much meringgreen and mysterious, the incarnation of cool- easier of realisation. Thecypresses and the gloom of ness, likeHenley’s “ Ballade Made in theHot piles of rock madethis scene extraordinarily impres- Weather ” ; orthe Souls of Trees--the Oak, an old, sive. It isevidently Mr. Sime’swork. blind king ; the Chestnut, a finicking, polished dandy ; Mostof the costumes, too, are well designed. It is the Lime, a jovialbourgeois half enslaved by man? impossible to feel greatlyimpressed by theanimals, Man,says the Oak, is theuniversal enemy. He has withsuch very small voices issuingfrom monstrous alreadycaptured the fruit trees, the garden flowers jaws,but the trees are a triumph. Oak, for instance, Everyyear his encroachments becomemore serious. with awhite beard and sightless eyes, leaning upon a The bull, the sheep, the horse are his, though they are sapling,wears marvellous a robe, all crumbling still wild atheart and loathe their slavery.Only the lichened bark and shaded green. dog is reallyfaithful to him ; thecat is a traitor. So Olive Walter,as the boy Tyltyl, will delightevery- Tyltyland Mytyl, thetwo children setting out upon body. It is to be hoped that if ever Mr. Herbert Trench theirquest of the BlueBird, may hope for no allies returnsto hisoriginal repertory scheme “The Blue among the powers of nature. For none, that is, except Bird ” will not be forgotten. Light.Light is always upon theside of man. The ASHLEYDUKES. souls of thebeasts and the trees belong to the hours of darkness ; war,disease, and famine are chained up in thepalace of Night.Death, however,is no power at all. Perhapsthe most wonderful of thechildren’s ART. adventures is that in theKingdom of thePast. The “ Blast yer Merry Chris’mus ! Blast you fer wyking sceneis a graveyard sentinelledwith poplars. Tyltyl me ahrt ’f er nyce sleep ! Blasteverybody an’ every- and Mytyl are among the tombs, waiting for the dead fing, I sys ! Blast orl ter ’ell !” The speaker is a little toappear. The hour comes,with darkness and the flower girl who was fast asleep when I came across her rumbling of anearthquake. The children shrink back, onLondon Bridge early one bitter Boxing morning. terrified. Theair is full of mist. Then suddenlyit She lifts her face to me-a pinched, painter’s face that grows light, and in place of the graves there is only a Degas would have loved-and continuesrather apolo- garden of white lilies. Tyltylgoes joyously to pluck getically, “Was yerlarfin’ at me, guv’ner, w’enyer the flowers. “Whereare the dead?” asks Mytyl, and arst if I’d ’ad amerry Chris’mus?” I assured her I the answer comes, “There are no dead.” wasnot. “ I’msorry spokeI rough lyke, but yer Nextthey visit theKingdom of theFuture, where words riled me. Stryte they did. The d’y’as bin a dwell the children who are not yet born. This scene is, sick’ner.Chris’mus d’y theycorls it.’’ She looksun- I think, less happily conceived. There is a certain con- utterabledisgust. “ Nothin’but ryne, cold, crunchin’ straint,amounting almost to stuffiness,in the pillared thru’ mud an‘ snow, an’ no money an’ nothin’ ter eat. hall, solidly roofed-inand well defined. It islittle more I tried ter sell some flowers wot er pal gyve me.” She than the conventional stage temple. Surely the children pointed to a mass of white and yellow mud-bespattered who are notyet born should dwell amidblue mists chrysanthemum blooms resting against the grey parapet. somewhere in the Milky Way, mischievously free, pull- “ Butit wer’nt nogood. Nobody warnts flowerson ing the tails of cometsor riding upon shootingstars. Chris’musd’y. The’re orl toobusy yellin’ Merry’ Butthese children are a little sad--some of them be- Chris’musses at oneanother. So at larst I jestturned cause they are to be born so soon,some because they in on one of these ’ere stone seats an’ ’ad jest dozed orf have so many centuries to wait. Their slate-blue tunics wi’ er ‘ Christyun ’erald ’ under me ’ed’ ’opin ter dream are sad, too, and the little bags they carry withthem abart pallises-corfee uns--w’en you comes an’ wykes into the world, containing the measles and the whoop- me up. Wotare yer starin’at melike thetfer? ing-cough.They have spent eternity too seriously in Wot’s up, guv’ner ?” perfecting inventions, thinkingout schemes of reform ** * forthe worldand methods for prolonging life. Some Igrow confused. I look acrossthe widereach of of them,that is. Othershave passed thetime more riverand resort. Big Ben booms. Dawn is breaking. happilyin making love, or in growingmonster fruit The great red sun peers through the deadly white mist and flowers. Every day old Time sails up to the gates, in which the far-spreading East-End floats as in a red- callingfor the children whose turnit is to be born. hot purgatory. Beneath itsglance an Empire’s grana- Hedespatches them in his galley, and in thedistance ries and continent-connecting ships that have come to- a cry is heard-the cry of the mothers who go out to gether in big, simple, stately masses under the uniting meetthem. Thegates of thekingdom remain open, influence of night, flush and fall apart. The turgid tea- andthere is a strikingsuggestion of infinite space coloured river of world-commerce encrimsons, and upon beyond.Indeed, theconstraint of the scenerywithin itsbroad breast shattered by seethingcurrents from may well be forgivenfor the vision of Time as he dark archesthe word OUTCASTappears, wrought in stands with his sickle upon the threshold, watching the letters of boiling blood as by unseenhands. From voyagers depart. He is like some old Jewish prophet- somewhere in space the notes of a ’cello ascend, and the a fateful, inexorable figure outlined against a windy sky. deep, sobbing sounds of “ Lend me your aid ” roll west- Light(not at all agay or sparkling ladythis, by ward as though borne by a soul in pain. “ Yer ain’t a the way) leadsTyltyl and Mytyl furtherto the PaIace ’tec, are yer,guv’ner ?” It is theoutcast speaking. I of Night.Here are notonly dungeons enclosing wars answer no, andto prove it I inviteher to feed with DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 189

me. “Wherecan we go?” Sheknows of a nyce hiscomplete works inthe book before me. This’ corfee pallis darn th’ Cut. Thither we go through hail, volumeshould be of specialinterest to those who are sleet, and snow, and over the homely “ mug an’ door- collecting eighteenth-century colour prints, with some of step ” exchangeconfidences. ThusBoxing Day ” was themost beautiful of which Ward’sname is closely shorn of its Christmas Day terrors for my little home- associated. less friend, and for a night or two at least she had no ** * need of the “ Christian Herald ” for sleeping purposes. Judging by the number received of “ Great Painters. This was but one of myusual Christmas experiences; of the Nineteenth Century ” (Pitman, 7d.), the complete for when circumstances compelled me to spend Christ- workpromises to be bothcomprehensive and cheap. masDay in London I devotedit to penetrating the Thebiographies by Leonce Bénédite are brief and divine mysteries of the seven circles of torment, answer- adequateand the many reproductions quite good. ing to the seven deadly sins, into which London may be The joy of these French masters may be exchanged at divided. theDowdeswell Galleries for the sorrow of Eugéne ** * Burnand’s big dramatic picture in oils, “ La Voie Do- At the Exhibition of the Royal Society of Painters in loureuse.”In this careful piece of academic work, : Water-colours at least one painter has this understand- in his series of drawings, “The Parables,’’ the religious ing of theessence of vitality.The studies by George sentimentoverwhelming.is Though these latter Clausen are full of lifeand spontaneity. They express studies are photographic and hard, they reproduce well Nature as a livingthing. The artist sees deeplyinto and the English version of the “ Paraboles Ilustrées ’ hissubject. Hislight and colour are convincing. His should make a handsome and seasonable present. That work altogether valuable. Anning Bell is another artist is tothose who reverence the Christian virtues of who has a finesense of thevalue of life. In “ Going humility and sorrow. But to me, as to Pierre Corneille, to the Hunt ” he is at the heart of his theme. It lives “Joyserveth in a thousandways, in decoration,colour, and movement. The draughts- But sorrow serveth not at all.” manship of Edmund J. Sullivan, too, is full of vitality. HUNTLYCARTER. It is refreshingto see a manleaving inhis vigorous carbonlines as a directchallenge to the neighbouring washystuff. Thestudies by Mrs. Laura Knight also Insurance Notes. arestrong. They stand out in protest against the IN a previous article we advisedthose readers whowere pretty and sugary stuff of lazy and inefficient exhibitors. members of collecting friendly societies to take an interest She has not been content to put the wash on paper and in their management and to seek representation as delegates, tintit in, and then fly from her medium as others do, and we also suggested the formation of members’ associa- but hasstruggled with her medium and mastered it. tions in each district. Circumstances have arisen whichwill She has used her brush, put it down on the paper, has give members a breathing space in whichto consider the position of their societies, becausethe appeal against the scratchedthesurface, experimented with it,and decision ofMr. Justice Joyce is not likely to be disposed of achieved anartistic result. Compared with the school for several months, and during that periodconversion into studies and Christmas cards of Mr. E. R. Hughes, and a company, or amalgamation with a company, is impossible. otherpictures which, if reduced,might decorate con- Such departurescannot take place untilthe decision is fetti boxes, her works are masterpieces. reversed. *** ** * What a splendid, though controlled exuberance, too, The transfer of the International Insurance Co., Ltd., to leaps out from the series of coloured drawings by Miss the Liverpool Victoria Insurance Corporation isproceeding apace. In many districts local management willhave to be PhillysCampbell atthe exhibition of the ’09 Club at adjusted,and such delicatearrangements require time. theDoré Gallery. One feels her work is the outcome ** * of a naturaltalent ; itis charged with life and spon- In the freshly issued Assurance Companies’ Act, 1909, the aneity.Miss Campbell has simply picked up her provisions as to collecting societies and industrial assurance pencil andput down what she felt, not what is the companies are as follows :-Section 36 : (I) Amongst the pur- fashion. Shehaschosen mostly early Victorian poses for which collecting societies and industrial assurance themes-groups of old scandal-mongering maids in stiff companies mayissue policies of assurancethere shall be included insuring money to be paid for the funeral expenses Victorianinteriors. Herdecoration isnatural, her of parent,grandparent, grandchild, brother, or sister. colour delightful, her compositions simple and effective. a (2) No policy effected before the passing of this Act with a Her expression is the thing ; everything is subordinated collecting society or industrialassurance company shalI be toit. Hersatire hits you. Andher signature-what deemed to be void by reason only that the person effecting a thing of joy ! An eighteenth-century brigand, with a the policy had not, at the time the policy was effected, an daggerdripping with gore, and seeming tosay, insurable interest in the life of the person assured, or that, ‘“Death,I’ll have your b-r-r-lood !” Altogether a the name of the person interested, or for whose benefit, or on whose account the policy was effected, was not interested giftedand charming Miss Cynicus. The work of Miss in the policy, or that the insurance was not one authorised by Dobson and of Miss Tattersall is very clever, and should the Acts relating to friendly societies,if thepolicy was be seen. effected by, or on account of, a person who had at the time ** * a bonâ fide expectation that he would incur expenses in con- The chief fault of Mr. C. R. Grundy’ssympathetic nectionwith the death or funeral of theassured, and if the sum assured is not unreasonable for the purpose of cover- biography of James Ward (Connoisseur, 5s.)--an attempt ing those expenses, and such policyshall enure for the torescue thisexuberant spirit from the lumber of benefit of the person for whose benefit it was effected, or his neglect-is that we hear too much of Ward’s struggles asslgns. and of his adventuresas an animal and allegorical *** painter, and not enough of Ward as engraver. Indeed The third sub-section deals with prospective operations thereis almost nothing said about the voluminous underthe Act. (3) Any collecting society or industrial in- memoranda in black and white of his own painted work surance company which, after the passing of this Act, issues andhis wonderful records of theachievements of his policies of insurance which are not within the legal powers of such society or company, shallbe held to have made remarkablecontemporaries, Morland, Hoppner, Rey- default in complying with the requirements of this Act; and nolds,and Lawrence. Thisis all the more to be re- the provisions of this Actwith respect to such default shall gretted since he belongs to the great eighteenth-century apply to collecting societies, industrialinsurance com- school of mezzotinters, which includes his brother, J. R. panies,and their officers, in likemanner asthey apply to Smith,Valentine Green, Charles Turner, and others. assurance companies and their officers. His black and white record is as valuable in its way as *** theLibers of Claudeand Turner and the “English Thefourth sub-section refers to the much debated con- version provisions (4) Without prejudice to the powers con- Landscape ” of Constable.That Ward deserves the ferred by section seventy-one of the Friendly Societies’ Act, presentrenewed interest in his work may be gathered 1896, the committee of management, or other governing body fromhis masterlycanvases at the Tate and National of a collecting society having more than one hundred thou- Galleries, as well as fromthe admirable colour and sand members, may petition the court to make an order for photographic reproductions, and the useful long list of the conversion of the society into a mutual company under 190 THE NEW AGE DECEMBER23, 1909

the Companies (Consolidation) Act, 1908, and the court may not have gone to people whose aims were selfish, who were makesuch an order if, after hearing the committee of not so wholly honest andtruthful and who wore no silk management,or other governing body, and other persons hats. Was it for fun ? Or had anyonesaid--had anyone whom the court considers entitled to be heard on the petition, beenpulling his leg ? A beadle openedthe window and I the court is satisfied, on a poll being taken, that 55 per cent. flew out R. Martin ** * ** * * at least of the members of the society over sixteen years of ageagree to the conversion ; andthe court may give such THEATTITUDE OF THE POORTO THE C.O.S. directions as it thinks fit for settling a on proper memorandum TO THE Editor OF “THE NEW AGE.’. and articles of association of the company; but, before any If I mayreply to Mr.Randall‘s interesting letter on this suchpetition is presented to the court, notice of intention subject, I shallsay that if the C.O.S. refuse relief without to present the petition shall be published in the “Gazette.?’ previous investigation to people either with or without pianos;, andin such newspapers as the court may direct. When a they do so because out of their experience they know more collecting society converts itself into a company in accord- aboutthe matter than Mr. Randall does. Thebleeding ance with the provisions of this sub-section, sub-section 3 of sore is the existence of the C.O. S., not its methods. section seventy-one of the Friendly Societies Act, 1896, shall A. Jasmith. apply in like manner as if the conversion were effected under ** * * * ** thatsection. *** ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS Thelast sub-sectionis explanatory. (5) Inthis section FREEMASONRY. --A recent reference to suppressed articles onthis subject has brought me a letterfrom a correspon- theexpressions “collecting society ” and“industrial assurance company have the same meanings as in the Col- dent, who putsquestions which itwould require a lengthy lectingSocieties and IndustrialAssurance Companies Act, treatise toanswer. With theEditor’s permission, I propose to dealbriefly in THE NEW AGE with correspondence of 1896. ** * such a character, arising out of artcles in the paper. My correspondent, who writes as though he were a member What the members have to remember is that the whole of of,or sympathiser with,the Roman communion, asks why Section 36, describedabove, is now in force, having Come Lord Ripon was “ hounded out of ” Masonry, on joining that into operation on December 3rd. Church.I was formerlytold, by a RomanCatholic friend., thatLord Ripon forsook Masonry for Romanism in conse- quence of hishorror on discoveringthe true character of CORRESPONDENCE. Masonry. Both of thesestatements cannot be true, and SPECIAL NOTICE.--Correspondents are requested to be brief probablyneither of themis true. TheChurch of Rome Many letters weekly are omitted on account of their length formally forbids its adherents to belong to the Masonic body. Beforejoining that Church, therefore, Lord Ripon would ELECTORALPOLICY. be called upon to resign his position in Masonry. TO THE EDITOR OF “THE NEW AGE.“ Masonry, like nearly every other society, from the Catholic In your notes last week you say: “ the way is plain both Church.to the Playgoers’ Club, has undergone schism and for Llberals and Socialists,” presumably such way being to separation. InRoman Catholic countries it has rejected all voteLiberal when no Socialist is standing. But how do connection with Christiandogma, and developed into a youreconcile this line with thefollowing quotations from political,and practically a republican,institution, particu- the same notes :- larlydistinguished by antagonism to the Roman Church. ‘(Nor, in our view, is any Second Chamber necessary as a Itscharacter has been determined by its environment. In check or brake on any action likely to be taken by such a Mohammedan countries, where the Roman Church has never body of necessarily conservative plutocrats.” beenheard of, Masonry is not an anti-Papal society. In “The wretchedEducation and Licensing Bills are to be France, where a Clerical boycott long reigned in the Army introduced,and the usual Scotch and Welsh Rills drafted. (as I haveprivate authority for stating that it still does in Mr. LloydGeorge’s Budget would have been passed theNavy), the result of theDreyfus case has been to pro- by the Lords but for its beer clauses; and the present Govern- duce a Masonic boycott, from which Jesuit-bred officers are ment would still be in but for its idiotic licensing impolicy.” now suffering in their turn. Apparently we are to back that impolicy. Inthis country, where Clericalism is a thing of recent Then we find “ Stanhope of Chester ” making a. totally growth, no organisation has yet sprung up to oppose it; and illogicalcharge against Mr. Blatchford in his defence of that fact constitutes a very serious peril for the nation. The LiberalMinisters. He writes : “ Mr. Blatchford is assuming Protestant organisations have so far failed to re-adjust them- thatthe Liberal Ministers are all traitors.?’ Mr. Norman selves tothe conditions of the new age.The Rationalist calls “Nunquam,” a Socialist incendiary because his actions societies are equallybehind the times. Thework they arc are“anti-Socialist and anti-Liberal.” He objects to Mr. trying to do is alreadydone. The views of ThomasPaine, Blatchford writing in an “ anti-Liberal paper.” in the Age of Reason, which are known to-day as the higher Without identifying myself with Mr. Blatchford’s views, T criticism, have been embodied in the Encyclopaedia Britan-. submit he has as much right to advocate his views in an anti- nica, and in the Encyclopaedia Biblica, edited by a Church Liberalpaper as anyother Socialist his views in an ant!- of England canon and professor of theology in the Univer- Toryand anti-Socialist paper, like the “Daily News ” or sity of Oxford.What more do they want? the “ Daily Chronicle.” While these well-meaning people are beating the air, the If itis necessary, as mostSocialists all over the world Church of Rome is quietly at work suppressing discussion, believe, to build up a Socialist party, surely it is essential, capturingthe press, and filling the bureaucracy with her at this dangerous period in our history, to abstain most care- adherents. While the Protestants are protesting against any fullyfrom being identified with a Liberalismthat is anti- softening of theepithets in the King’s declaration against Socialist,and must be anti-Socialist. the mass, the King is publicly attending mass. FREDH. GORLE. Thecharacter of English Masonry, as inthe case of all ** * othersocieties, can be gathered best from the character of ABISHOP ON ’CHANGE. EnglishMasons. A societypresided over by royalty,com- To The EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.” posed chiefly of Conservatives in politics, and having Church LastWednesday I succeededin getting into the Royal of England clergymen for its chaplains, is not likely to be Exchange,and having hidden in a quietcorner high over engagedin any very deep and desperate designs. It is the heads of the people, I was able to witness the most beau- likelyto be mildly Protestant, but to regard gentlemanly tiful and touching picture of the Bishop of London “preach- Catholics as onthe whole preferable to Dissenters. Secu- ing straight words ” tothe “men who areat the head of larism it will naturallytaboo. It will exertits influence things commercial.” chiefly in the direction of pushing and promoting its adhe- I saw thesebabes, “with their silk hats held over one rentsin the public services, and in private life. But it shoulder,listening intently to the Bishop’s words,” some may be doubted if it will havemore influence, or more winking with emotion, all blushing, as he praised “the com- mischievousinfluence, than the informal society of old mercial morality of the city.?’ Etonians,or old Oxonians, or Wesleyans, or any other He had not come with a “doctrine of rose-water,” but to Iarger section of the body politic that is inspired by a sense tellthem plain truths; to speak of death,judgment, and of common interest. redemption, of which theyhad never heard before, poor EnglishMasonry is merely a new cross-division of the dears,being so busy“trying to get a littlemore money,’’ social elements, and I should be inclined to define it as being andto do good to anybody who hadsome of it to spare. mostdistinctively a socialorganisation. It is theFriendly “In a plain straightforward way,” says the “Daily Chronicle,” Society of themiddle class, correspondin with theOdd- “he toldthem of thethings that matter most in life,” for fellows and Buffaloes among the working class, to which its theydidn’t know, poor innocents. Hepreached no austere resemblancesare very obvious. It does a gooddeal in the gospel“from lofty and unattainable heights of virtue,“ as way of charity.At the same time, it is perfectly possible the “ D. C.” tearfully remarks. to be a Mason,and to failin life. I doubtif, as a mere Certainlynot ! Whyshould he ? Noteven a scourge of businessinvestment, Masonry is a patch on Methodism. small cordsdid he bring to thistemple of honestmoney May I addthat the familiar symbol of the squareand changers.Rut why didthe Bishop come there? Could he compasshappens to be monogram?my A. U. DECEMBER23, 1909 THE NEW AGE 191

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