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Environmental Knolwledge and Deterioration Factors on Natural REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION ISSN: 2146-0353 ● © RIGEO ● 11(1), MARCH, 2021 www.rigeo.org Research Article Environmental Knolwledge and Deterioration Factors on Natural Resource Management: A Geographical Perespective Study on Indigenist’s Communities in Indonesia and Malaysia Mohd Haizam Saudi1 Pitalis Mawardi Baging2 Widyatama University, Bandung, Indonesia Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin3 Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi4 Geography Study Program IKIP PGRI Pontianak, Jl. Ampera No 88, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia Pontianak, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia Noorjima Abd Wahab5 Mohd Ekhwan toriman6 Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 43650, Bangi, Selangor Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Khairul Nizam Maulud7 Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah8 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Nurul Shafini Shafurdin9 Nur Lli Hasmida Binti Mustaffa10 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia 1 Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: The indigenist’s community’s environmental knowledge level about natural resource management is a powerful tool for meeting environmental objectives and promoting sustainable environmental development. The government, NGO, leaders and academia explores play a main role to guide the indigenist’s communities to improve environmental performance by collaborations among them. Objective: The purpose of this study to evaluate the environmental knowledge and environment deterioration factors on natural resource management n indigenist’s settlements in West Kalimantan, Indonesia and Hulu Selangor, Malaysia. Research Methodology: There are a few statistical analyses applied in this study such as Discriminant Analysis (DA), Descriptive Analysis and Hypothesis Testing (Two- sample t-test). The primary data collected by distribute the randomly questionnaires to 200 respondents among indigenist’s communities in four locations (Perkampungan Orang Asli Saham (Saham), Perkampungan Orang Asli Pahuman (Sengah Temila), Perkampungan Orang Asli Mandor and Perkampungan Orang Asli Serendah). Result and Discussion: From the result showed almost respondents from Indonesia and Malaysia agree with the of implementation planning in natural resource management based on their environmental knowledge levels (the significant level between questions SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5 and SB1, SB2, SB4 and SB5 (p-values< 0.05)). Then, the statistical analysis of deterioration factors on natural resource in indigenist’s community’s settlement showed there are slightly difference opinion among respondents caused by the different environmental factors between indigenist’s villages in Indonesia and Malaysia (the significant level of question SA7, SA8, SA9, SA10, SA11, SA12, SA13 and SA15 (p-values< 0.05)). Conclusion: The systematically and continuously of natural resource management could contribute to control and improve the growing natural resource problems of the environmental degradation, and ecological destruction. Keywords Environmental Resource Management; Indigenist’s Communities; Indonesia; Malaysia; Ecological Destruction To cite this article: Saudi, M, H.; Baging, M, P.; Kamarudin, M, K, A.; Saudi, A, S, M.; Wahab, N, A.; toriman, M, E.; Maulud, K, N.; Hamzah, F, M.; Shafurdin, N, S.; and Mustaffa, H, B. (2021) Environmental Knolwledge and Deterioration Factors on Natural Resource Management: A Geographical Perespective Study on Indigenist’s Communities in Indonesia and Malaysia. Review of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 11(1), 322-345.doi: 10.33403 rigeo.800572 Submitted: 20-01-2021 ● Revised: 15-02-2021 ● Accepted: 25-03-202 Saudi, M, H.; Baging, M, P.; Kamarudin, M, K, A.; Saudi, A, S, M.; Wahab, N, A.; toriman, M, E.; …. Introduction Environmental resource managementproblems among indigenist’sare now anxiety around the world. Organizations are being affected by major environmental problems as globalization continues. Environmental resource management problems are widespread and affect humans and all living species including on indigenist’s community’s environmental knowledge level about natural resource management (Halim et al., 2012; Measham et al., 2013; Rahman, 2016). It is everyone’s responsibility to maintain environmental sustainability in preservation and conservation of environmental sources regardless of which community they belong to.Everyone plays an important role in ensuring the sustainability of natural resourceswhether urban or rural peoples includes indigenous. Mostly the indigenous people of Indonesia and Malaysia have developed their own unique indigenous systems that have safeguarded their communities, a peaceful existence, a sustainable livelihood and use of the resources within their surroundings based on their ancestral beliefs (Choy, 2014; Masron et al., 2013). The indigenous environmental knowledge about natural resources such as agricutural, forestry, traditional medical and fish resources aspects which are contributes directly to the biodiversityconservation of a country. However, this environmental knowledge has beenlost or denigrated due to lack of environmental knowledge about updated environmental resource management and increasung of environment deterioration among indigenous communities.Consequently, that there does not seemto be enough efforts in improving their environmental knowledge . Af few of among indigenous communities have environmental knowledge of natural resource management however they are indeed the people most environmental knowledge ableabout this matter as only depend on natural resources for their economiclivelihood (Haron et al., 2005; Nghiem et al., 2013). Therefore, monitoring indigenous’s communities of their environmentalbehaviour has been emphasized to ensure that indigenist’s people are not exploitedby unscrupulous parties in using natural resources for commercial benefits (Morrison et al., 2006). The decline drinking water quality, the extinction of living things such as flora and fauna caused theunsustainable of quality and well-being of indigenous life (Ahmad et al., 2011). These problems are contributed from people’s environmental knowledge especially among indigenous whom arealways dependent on natural resources (Aminrad et al., 2013). According to Robertson et al. (2003) & Sumiani et al. (2007), one of the environmental rehabilitation through the involvement the individuals by changing the communities’s environmental knowledge and practices from self- interest (anthropocentric) to environmental-oriented (ecocentric). The environmental environmental knowledge plays important role to influence and improve the human behavior towards environment. Individuals who have a good environmental environmental knowledge will apply their attitudes in daily life (Susilawati et al., 2017). This statement is supported by Hargreaves (2011) who argue that environmental care start from own individual's, this is because environmental behavior is handling conditions environmental disaster (Antoni et al., 2020; Hansen et al., 2010). Literature Review Figure 1 showed the illustration of pro-environmental resource management which are based on the linear progression of environmental knowledge and deterioration factors leading to environmental management (environmental sustainability). Pro-environmental resource management (PERM) are actions that people do in daily life that are comparatively better for the environmental sustainability in their life. The public communications efforts from society will fueled environmental knowledge changes among communities but not in adequately address large- scale environmental issues (Din et al., 2019; Jusoh et al., 2018; Zal et al., 2017). These manners will 323 © RIGEO ● Review of International Geographical Education 11(1), MARCH, 2021 be encouraging pro-environmental resource management in daily life which positively influence social and economic in sustainable community development especially among indigenist’s communities. Besides that, Figure 2 showed the illustration of predictors of environmental resource management, from this illustration proved there are high correlation between environmental knowledge and deterioration factors with environmental resource management. The increase in environmental knowledge among communities lead to increase in their pro-environmental resource management. So, the most important which are the environmental knowledge and deterioration factors of environmental issues will trigger the communities to preserve and conserve the environmental sustainability. Now, there a lot of environmental Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) and government agencies struggled of their communication campaigns and strategies on the assumption that more environmental knowledge will lead to more enlightened communities’ behaviour to maintain the natural resources management (Kollmuss et al., 2002). According to Abdul (1990), during 1970s and 1980s stated the environmental degradation cases were increase triggered the lacking of environmental knowledge was one of the factors that contribute towards the natural resource management problems. Almost indigenous in Malaysia and Indonesia have lower environmental knowledge about environmental sources issues and management and influencing their behaviour to be involved in overcoming the problems (Omardin et al., 2015). Figure 1: The Models of Pro-Environmental Resource Management Study Area and Research Methodology Study Area The study area from
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