We and the Others Yearbook: Summer School of Interethnic, Intercultural and Interconfessional Dialogue – AID - 2018 2018, Belgrade We and the Others Yearbook: Summer School of Interethnic, Intercultural and Interconfessional Dialogue – AID - 2018 Publisher Forum za etničke odnose Kraljice Natalije 45 11000 Beograd Editor in chief Dušan Janjić Translation Agencija TOUCH TWO Prepress Atelje, Beograd www.atelje.rs Printing Štamparija PEP, Beograd Contents PUBLISHER’S NOTE ..............................................................................................................5 PART I: PAPERS WRITTEN BY LECTURERS ................................................................7 1. Dušan Janjić Key Determinants of Globalization and Challenges of Preserving Diversity .......9 2. Miloš Bešić Research and Understanding of Attitudes Toward Others .....................................21 3. Jasmina Trajkoska Interethnic Relations in the European Union and European Identity .................29 4. Miroslav Keveždi Mapping Interculturalism in Serbia ............................................................................39 5. Amela Lukač-Zoranić Freedom of Religion or Belief and Globalization .....................................................49 6. Mirko Blagojević Religion and Religiosity in Europe, Serbia, and Russia ..........................................61 7. Prepared by: Professor Nevena Petrušić Legislative and Institutional Framework Governing the Interethnic, Intercultural and Inter-Confessional Relations in the Republic of Serbia ..........71 8. Anna Krasteva Balkan Migations ............................................................................................................85 PART II: PAPERS WRITTEN BY STUDENTS ......................................................107 1. Slobodan Pejanović Yugoslav Identity: then and now ................................................................................109 2. Verka Jovanović The Kosovo’s Knot of Reconciliation .........................................................................119 3. Biljana Marković Essay Topic: The Impacts of Immigration on the Labor Market .........................127 4. Marija Milenković Interethnic cooperation through tourism: A Kosovo Case Study .......................135 5. Marija Đekić The Economic Impact of Remittances Inflow (Economic Migration) ...............143 6. Nikola Aleksić Migration and Human Rights ....................................................................................153 7. Katarina Antić Modern Migration and Security in the Republic of Serbia ..................................163 8. Mehmed Plojović The Protection of National Minorities in the Republic of Serbia ........................173 PART III: APPENDIX .............................................................................................185 1. Aleksandra Ålund, Carl-Ulrik Schierup Making or unmaking a movement? Challenges for civic activism in the global governance of migration .................187 PUBLISHER’S NOTE SID 2018 Yearbook of the Summer School on Intercultural and Inter-Confessional Dialogue -We and the Others – SID is a collection of papers written by lecturers and essays written by students of the Academy on Interethnic, Intercultural and Intercon- fessional Dialogue - AID. The Summer School on Intercultural and Inter-Confessional Dialogue, SID was organized by the Forum for Ethnic Relations and the Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship (PEP), within the AID Project - Academy on Interethnic, Inter- cultural and Interconfessional Dialogue, supported by the Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria in Serbia. Part I Papers written by lecturers 7 Dr Dušan Janjić 1. KEY DETERMINANTS OF GLOBALIZATION AND CHALLENGES OF PRESERVING DIVERSITY People who are engaged in the subject of modern society in an effort to understand and explain to themselves and others the reality and logic behind the mechanisms this society, face many challenges and complex tasks. Many of these tasks are related to the social history and culture to which a person belongs. The first task than is to understand where the society to which we belong company stands. This text aims to raise certain questions, prompt a search for answers that would help in explaining and understanding the Serbian society as well as other Balkan and European societies. The aim is to launch a discussion on issues which merge the past and the future. As Henry Kissinger1, once wrote, the encounter of the past and the future cannot be understood if there is no knowledge and feeling of both of these elements, the past, and the future. That is why the future should be built on solid foundations. These are not populist and other marketing-propaganda imagery of the world that does not exist in reality, but which leaders use to lure the public. Instead of building “Potemkin Villages”, it would be advisable to respond to many challenges stemming from the final years of the Cold War. And in a cold war, certain challenges are simply “frozen issues” of the 19th and 20th century. This is particularly evidenced by the political agenda of today’s Serbian leadership. Facing the legacy should not impede facing up to completely new issues (climate change, cyber security, context of the world order vision, operations of “non-state ac- tors”), although it often does. This endeavor is greatly assisted by exploring a “wider perspective”, which brings a viewpoint of the ‘history of the present’, and by looking for the roots of new phenomena. It is important to understand that even the most recent issues did not arise in a type of vacuum. Higher interconnection between people, their lives and destinies, social and nation- al histories is characteristic of the modern day life today. This speaks of the need to 1 H. A. Kissinger, World Order: Reflections on the Character of Nations and the Course of History, Lon- don, Allen Lane, 2014, pp. 348-349. 9 10 We and the Others • Yearbook: AID - 2018 understand the complex relationships of contemporary circumstances (independent of the past), to understand the complex processes of linking geographic locations, but also issues of vital importance to people, modern societies and nations. In this paper, the term “globalization” is used in the meaning of the English word “Globe” (meaning “Earth” or “World globe” in the Serbian language). This concept en- compasses all the global / planetary social processes and relationships, manifested in all aspects of world affairs, including the connection going beyond borders of particular nations (nationalities) and national states, with the main objective to increase economic growth and wealth. In that sense, “globalization” refers to the world image as a common space in which interdependence (technological, political, economic and ecological) is knit at a tremendous speed, eliminating geographical distance, increasing wealth, and making democratic form of government universal.2 This paper discusses the most recent phase that was conceived in the second half of the 20th century when a new economic wave called globalization appeared. This phase culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall, i.e. with the fall of political blocks. The dom- inance of capitalism over socialism was established; dominance of liberal democracies and ethno-nationalism over socialist ideals and ideologies. Globalization is erasing the clear differences between the national and international that was important to the world view before. The importance of national states is weak- ening and there is a growing need for regional and international interconnection. This strengthens the influence of international institutions and corporations. Globalization is a linkage that goes beyond frameworks of national governments and establishes re- gionalization or regional integration in the world (such as the European Union - the EU, ASEAN, and North American Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA). This paper raises the question of the following three megatrends, which have a direct impact on Serbia’s development, particularly ethnic identity, relations between ethnic communities and states and the position of national minorities in those states: Megatrend 1–Transition and Identity: The awakening of ethnicity and identity crisis as a fertile soil for strengthening ethnic nationalism and extremist mobilization, including the spread of terrorism as a form of ethnic and religious conflict. Ethnicity and religious identity have become the decisive factors in the formation of cultural and national identity. Globalization has brought frequent encounters with other people, cultures and ethnicities, shaking up traditional models of building and reflecting identities. In addition to accepting globalization and fitting into its values, the search for answers to the challenge of annihilation of one’s own identity. Ethnic and na- tionalist mobilization is is seen by many as an effective way to avoid losing own identity. 2 “Globalization can be defined as economic, political, social and cultural processes at the supranational level, which changes the established global political, economic, social and cultural relations. The es- sential determinant of these processes is the technological development that brings a spatial-temporal reduction of the world” (Anita Bušljeta, Globalizam – Ideologija globalizacije? Sociologija ekologije, Zagreb, Vol. 19, 2010), No. 2). Part I: Papers written by lecturers 11 This proves that the old model of national (ethnic) identity is facing a crisis, ex- pressed