La Communication Électronique: Enjeux De Langues

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La Communication Électronique: Enjeux De Langues La communication électronique concerne tout le monde, tout le temps et partout, ce Fabien Liénard et Sami Zlitni (éds) qui explique l’importance de ses enjeux économiques et sociétaux. Parmi ces enjeux, les langues, leurs variétés, leurs variations, avec un pluriel qui renvoie à la multitude des usagers, des usages, des codes, des modalités, des supports – téléphones, tablettes, ordinateurs… La communication électronique: Car la convergence des TIC (Technologies de l’Information et de la Commu- enjeux de langues nication) brouille les cartes; les pratiques deviennent de plus en plus complexes. À quelles nouvelles formes d’interaction donnent-elles naissance ? Quels liens entre- tiennent-elles avec l’identité de chacun? Comment les communautés d’usagers se structurent-elles? Comment les instances éducatives, politiques, associatives, indus- trielles et commerciales entrent-elles dans la communication numérique? Autant de questions ici abordées sous l’angle conjoint des sciences du langage et des sciences de l’information et de la communication. LA COMMUNICATION ÉLECTRONIQUE Introduit par Fabien Liénard et Sami Zlitni, ce volume rassemble les textes de Mahdi Amri, Hassan Atifi et Michel Marcoccia, Synda Ben Affana, Hanane Boufenara, Gilles Brachotte et Alex Frame, Elisabetta Costa, Eric Delamotte, Cécile Desoutter et Régine Delamotte-Legrand, Adela Dragan et Muriel Fendrich, Valentin Feussi et Isabelle Pierozak, Yves Gambier, Luisa Gandolfo, Victoria Goddard, Elisa Gruppioni, Eric Guéguen et Clotilde Vaissaire, Roxane Joannides, Lee Komito, Pascal Lardellier, Foued Laroussi, Gudrun Ledegen, Julia Seeli, Marion Blondel et Jeanne Gonac’h, Dawn Marley, Rachel Panckhurst et Debra Marsh, Julien Salve, Adrian Staii, Luciana Soliman, Thi Mai Tran, Aurore Laporte, Morgane Le Galloudec, Marine Trancart et Domitille Servent. F. LIÉNARD ET S. ZLITNI (ÉDS) 310 pages ™xHSMDPJy350371z 30 euros ISBN 978-2-35935-037-1 Lambert-Lucas LIMOGES La communication électronique concerne tout le monde, tout le temps et partout, ce Fabien Liénard et Sami Zlitni (éds) qui explique l’importance de ses enjeux économiques et sociétaux. Parmi ces enjeux, les langues, leurs variétés, leurs variations, avec un pluriel qui renvoie à la multitude des usagers, des usages, des codes, des modalités, des supports – téléphones, tablettes, ordinateurs… La communication électronique: Car la convergence des TIC (Technologies de l’Information et de la Commu- enjeux de langues nication) brouille les cartes; les pratiques deviennent de plus en plus complexes. À quelles nouvelles formes d’interaction donnent-elles naissance ? Quels liens entre- tiennent-elles avec l’identité de chacun? Comment les communautés d’usagers se structurent-elles? Comment les instances éducatives, politiques, associatives, indus- trielles et commerciales entrent-elles dans la communication numérique? Autant de questions ici abordées sous l’angle conjoint des sciences du langage et des sciences de l’information et de la communication. LA COMMUNICATION ÉLECTRONIQUE Introduit par Fabien Liénard et Sami Zlitni, ce volume rassemble les textes de Mahdi Amri, Hassan Atifi et Michel Marcoccia, Synda Ben Affana, Hanane Boufenara, Gilles Brachotte et Alex Frame, Elisabetta Costa, Eric Delamotte, Cécile Desoutter et Régine Delamotte-Legrand, Adela Dragan et Muriel Fendrich, Valentin Feussi et Isabelle Pierozak, Yves Gambier, Luisa Gandolfo, Victoria Goddard, Elisa Gruppioni, Eric Guéguen et Clotilde Vaissaire, Roxane Joannides, Lee Komito, Pascal Lardellier, Foued Laroussi, Gudrun Ledegen, Julia Seeli, Marion Blondel et Jeanne Gonac’h, Dawn Marley, Rachel Panckhurst et Debra Marsh, Julien Salve, Adrian Staii, Luciana Soliman, Thi Mai Tran, Aurore Laporte, Morgane Le Galloudec, Marine Trancart et Domitille Servent. F. LIÉNARD ET S. ZLITNI (ÉDS) 310 pages ™xHSMDPJy350371z 30 euros ISBN 978-2-35935-037-1 Lambert-Lucas LIMOGES La communication électronique : enjeux de langues Textes réunis et présentés par Fabien Liénard et Sami Zlitni Ouvrage publié avec le concours de l’IUT du Havre En couverture : Dessin d’enfant argentin sur le thème des Mères de la place de Mai. Photo de Victoria Goddard. © Limoges, Éditions Lambert-Lucas, 2011 ISBN : 978-2-35935-037-1 Remerciements Cet ouvrage collectif est non seulement le fruit de nombreuses études sur la communication électronique mais également un témoignage sur l’interdiscipli- narité entre sciences du langage et sciences de l’information et de la commu- nication. Nos remerciements vont tout d’abord aux contributeurs et contributrices sans lesquels cet ouvrage n’aurait pu voir le jour. Nous souhaitons que leurs travaux soient source d’enrichissement pour les lecteurs. Nous souhaitons remercier particulièrement les membres du comité de lecture qui, par leur évaluation des textes et leurs remarques constructives, ont significativement contribué à la qualité de l’ouvrage et à son rayonnement potentiel. À ce titre nous tenons à remercier : Mehmet-Ali Akinci, de l’Université Lumière Lyon 2, Marion Blondel, de l’Université Paris 8, Dora Carpenter-Latiri, University of Brighton, Cécile Desoutter, Università degli studi di Bergamo, Cynthia Fleury, de l’ISCC, Paris, Béatrice Galinon-Mélénec, de l’IUT du Havre, Gudrun Ledegen, de l’Université de La Réunion, Dawn Marley, University of Surrey, Marie-Claude Penloup, de l’Université de Rouen, et Isabelle Pierozak, de l’Université de Tours. Enfin, nous tenons à mentionner l’apport de l’ensemble des membres de notre département Information Communication, à saluer l’appui du CIRTAI - Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur les mobilités, du LiDiFra – Linguis- tique didactique francophonie, et à remercier l’IUT du Havre pour son soutien financier. À titre personnel, nous tenons à exprimer le plaisir et la stimulation intel- lectuelle que nous a procurés la direction de cet ouvrage. Nous espérons qu’il constituera matière à de futures recherches et collaborations internationales. F. L. et S. Z Introduction Fabien LIÉNARD IUT du Havre Linguistique Didactique et Francophonie (LiDiFra), Université de Rouen Cirtai UMR IDEES 6228, Université du Havre & Sami ZLITNI IUT du Havre Cirtai UMR IDEES 6228, Université du Havre C’est grâce à une directive fondamentale du 7 mars 2002 relative à l’autorisation de réseaux et services de communication que la notion même de communication électronique est reconnue par le droit français. Elle sera consacrée par la loi du 9 juillet 2004 puisqu’elle y remplace le terme télécommunication et est entendue comme des « émissions, transmissions ou réceptions de signes, de signaux, d’écrits, d’images ou de sons par voie électromagnétique ». La communication électronique est donc définitivement plurisémiotique et recouvre des enjeux variés autant que majeurs. Ces échanges sont ainsi produits à distance entre au moins deux interlocuteurs-interscripteurs par le biais des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (désormais TIC). Cette dernière définition généraliste, qui implique l’absence physique des interlocuteurs, permet de comprendre que de nombreux domaines scientifiques s’intéressent à la communication électronique. Les Sciences de l’Information et de la Commu- nication (désormais SIC) et les Sciences du Langage (désormais SDL) sont de ces domaines disciplinaires qui étudient isolément et/ou conjointement les usages et les pratiques qui découlent de ces TIC. Mais qu’elles travaillent main dans la main ou chacune de son côté, l’objet d’étude « communication élec- tronique » les oblige à se réunir et à tenir compte de ce que dit l’autre pour appréhender ce terrain dans sa globalité. Nous prônons finalement ici l’inter- disciplinarité ou la pluridisciplinarité considérant qu’elle est une évidence ou une nécessité pour les chercheurs qui s’intéressent aux nombreuses problé- matiques liées à la communication électronique. Mais qu’est-ce qu’être interdis- ciplinaire ou pluridisciplinaire pour un chercheur ? À quoi cela l’oblige-t-il et en quoi sa démarche peut paraître risquée ? De nombreux auteurs ont discuté de l’interdisciplinarité, de la pluridiscipli- narité, et même de la transdisciplinarité, de la polydisciplinarité, de la multidis- ciplinarité à l’image de Blanchard-Laville (2000), Lenoir et Sauvé (1998), Vala- de (1999), Vink (2000) ou Morin (1994, 1999). Nous retiendrons avant tout la démarche de ce dernier qui rappelle qu’une discipline est « une catégorie organi- sationnelle au sein de la connaissance scientifique [qui] institue la division et la 10 FABIEN LIÉNARD ET SAMI ZLITNI spécialisation du travail et répond à la diversité des domaines qui recouvrent les sciences […]. Une discipline tend naturellement à l’autonomie, par la délimita- tion de ses frontières, le langage qu’elle se constitue, les techniques qu’elle est amenée à élaborer ou à utiliser et éventuellement par les théories qui lui sont propres. » (1994). Mais dans le même article, il précise que l’histoire des disci- plines est faite « de ruptures des frontières disciplinaires, d’empiétements d’un problème d’une discipline sur une autre, de circulations de concepts, de forma- tions de discipline hybrides qui vont finir par s’autonomiser » (ibid.). Sans pous- ser le raisonnement jusqu’à ce paroxysme, nous pouvons ou devons admettre que les spécificités même de la communication électronique imposent aux SIC et aux SDL (voire aux STIC : Sciences et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication) de travailler étroitement afin d’observer pour mieux identifier la pluralité des usages qui conditionnent, notamment, des pratiques
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