Teorija Slovenske Ulične Poezije in Družbeni Kontekst

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Teorija Slovenske Ulične Poezije in Družbeni Kontekst UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA SLOVENISTIKO JERNEJ KUSTERLE Teorija slovenske ulične poezije in družbeni kontekst Magistrsko delo Mentor: red. prof. dr. Marko Juvan Univerzitetni študijski program druge stopnje: Slovenistika – E-PED Ljubljana, 2016 Zahvala Zahvaljujem se vsem fakultetnim profesorjem, od katerih sem v času študija prejel ogromno znanja, ki mi je pomagalo pri raziskovanju in oblikovanju magistrskega dela. Posebej pa se zahvaljujem svojemu mentorju, red. prof. dr. Marku Juvanu, ki mi je dovolil nadaljnje raziskovanje in razvijanje teorije ulične poezije in bil pri tem pripravljen sprejeti novosti, zaradi česar je bilo najino sodelovanje uspešno in produktivno. Še enkrat iskrena hvala. Izvleček Teorija slovenske ulične poezije in družbeni kontekst Magistrsko delo obravnava ulično poezijo, ki je dolgo časa asociirala zgolj z glasbeno umetnostjo, in je javnosti bolj znana pod zvrstnim imenom rap. Delo najprej utemelji rabo besedne zveze ulična poezija znotraj literarne vede, pri čemer izhaja iz razvezane kratične oblike »rap« ter pomena obeh sestavin besedne zveze »ulična poezija«. Hkrati pojasni razliko med ulično, poulično in urbano poezijo ter uvede novost v teorijo ulične poezije, tj. delitev na ožjo in širšo opredelitev raziskovanega predmeta. Temu sledi umestitev v širši historični družbeno-politični kontekst v Ameriki, od koder ta oblika (protestne) poezije izhaja, in Sloveniji kot državi uvoznici, kjer se je ulična poezija v 90. letih 20. stoletja dokončno prilagodila kulturno-družbeno-političnemu okolju. Ker po številu prevladujejo avtorji, je ustvarjanje ulične poezije stereotipno v domeni moških, čeprav vloga žensk pri tem ni zanemarljiva. V nadaljevanju so na podlagi dihotomije spola prikazane razlike in podobnosti med uličnimi pesniki in pesnicami na različnih področjih, kot so: spolne vloge, feminizem in maskulizem, jezik (tvorjenje sekundarnih/odrskih/umetniških imen, sklanjanje, pomanjševalnice, nasprotja, vulgarizmi), vplivi spleta na ulično poezijo ter raba intertekstualnosti znotraj ulične poezije v ožjem in širšem smislu. Pri tem pogosto prihaja do primerjanja slovenske z ameriško in v nekaterih primerih tudi z balkansko ulično poezijo, kar osmisli in objektivizira rezultate analiz tudi v širšem kontekstu. Na koncu namesto zaključka sledi sinteza, kjer so ovrednotene v uvodu podane hipoteze, v razvrstitvi temeljnih točk spolne diferenciacije znotraj slovenske ulične poezije pa so pregledno podane razlike in podobnosti med slovenskimi uličnimi pesniki in pesnicami. Ključne besede: ulična poezija, rap, literarna veda, družbeni kontekst Abstract Theory of Slovenian Street Poetry and Social Context My masterˈs thesis deals with street poetry, which has long been associated exclusively with music and is better known in public under the generic name rap. The thesis begins with the explanation of the term street poetry and its use in literary science proceeding from the term »rap« as an abbreviation standing for rhythmically accentuated poetry and from the meanings of each compound in a phrase »street poetry«. Additionally, it explains the differences between street, streetwalkersˈ and urban poetry and introduces a novelty into the theory of street poetry, i.e. the division into the broader and restricted definition of the research theme. The research subject is then placed into a broad historical sociopolitical context in America, where this form of (protest) poetry originates, and in Slovenia, where the imported street poetry ultimately adapted to cultural-socio-political environment in 1990s. Since male authors are prevalent, street poetry is stereotypically in menˈs domain, although the role of women is not negligible. On the basis of gender dihotomy I continue with elaboration on differences and similarities between male and female street poets considering gender roles, feminism and masculism, language (secondary/stage/art names, conjugation, diminutives, opposites, vulgarisms), effects of the Internet on street poetry and the use of intertextuality within street poetry. Slovene street poetry is often compared to American and in some cases to Balkan street poetry, which objectivises and gives meaning to the results of analyses in a broader sense as well. Instead of a conclusion, I present a synthesis with the assessment of hypotheses defined in the introduction, classify the basic points of gender differentiation within Slovenian street poetry and convey a clear disposition of the differences and similarities between Slovenian male and female street poets. Key words: street poetry, rap, literary science, social context KAZALO 1.0 Uvod ............................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Cilji in metodologija ..................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Teorija ulične poezije ................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Dodatni argumenti uporabe besedne zveze ulična poezija ............................................... 5 3.1.1 Pomenski argument obeh sestavin besedne zveze .................................................... 5 3.1.2 Argument izbire pridevnika »uličen« ........................................................................ 6 3.2 Novost v teoriji ulične poezije ......................................................................................... 8 3.2.1 Ožja opredelitev ulične poezije ..................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Širša opredelitev ulične poezije ................................................................................... 11 3.2.2.1 Glasba kot dopolnilo literarnemu tekstu .............................................................. 13 4.0 Družbeno-politični vzvodi za nastanek in razvoj ulične poezije ............................ 15 4.1 Historični kontekst v razvoju ulične poezije v Ameriki ................................................. 15 4.2 Historični kontekst v razvoju ulične poezije v Sloveniji ................................................ 20 4.3 Ameriška vs. slovenska ulična poezija: stičišča in razhajanja ....................................... 25 5.0 Točke spolne diferenciacije avtorjev in avtoric ulične poezije ............................... 34 5.1 Predstavitev predmeta proučevanja v slovenskem kontekstu ........................................ 34 5.2 Semantika spola v (slovenski) ulični poeziji .................................................................. 35 5.2.1 Feminizem in maskulizem v (slovenski) ulični poeziji ........................................... 39 5.3 Pregledna zgodovina ženske ulične poezije v slovenskem kontekstu ............................ 45 6.0 Lingvistične analize v slovenski ulični poeziji.......................................................... 48 6.1 Poimenovalna dihotomija ............................................................................................... 48 6.2 Sklanjanje: napake ali posebnosti jezika slovenske ulične poezije ................................ 50 6.2.1 Tožilnik namesto rodilnika ...................................................................................... 50 6.2.1.1 V nikalnih stavkih ............................................................................................ 51 6.2.1.2 V trdilnih stavkih .............................................................................................. 51 6.2.2 Nekateri drugi možni sklonski odkloni od norme slovenskega knjižnega jezika ... 51 6.3 Pomanjševalnice in nasprotja v slovenski ulični poeziji ................................................ 52 6.3.1 Pomanjševalnice ...................................................................................................... 52 6.3.1.1 Klasične pomanjševalnice ................................................................................ 53 6.3.1.2 Slengovske pomanjševalnice ............................................................................ 53 6.3.2 Nasprotja (antiteze) ................................................................................................. 54 6.4 Raba vulgarizmov v slovenski ulični poeziji ................................................................. 55 7.0 Afirmacija spleta v ulični poeziji .............................................................................. 63 7.1 Vplivi spleta na ameriško ulično poezijo ....................................................................... 64 7.2 Vplivi spleta na slovensko ulično poezijo ...................................................................... 67 7.3 Internacionalni vplivi spleta na ulično poezijo .............................................................. 69 8.0 Elementi intertekstualnosti v (slovenski) ulični poeziji .......................................... 75 8.1 Intertekstualnost v kontekstu ameriške ulične poezije ................................................... 76 8.2 Intertekstualnost v kontekstu slovenske ulične poezije.................................................. 79 8.2.1 Intertekstualnost na ravni besedil ............................................................................ 79 8.2.2 Intertekstualnost na ravni glasbe ............................................................................. 89 8.2.3 Intertekstualnost na ravni glasbenih videospotov ................................................... 90 8.3 Asociacijska mreža ........................................................................................................
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