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New Way of Working in Public Administration, Pdf New Way of Working in Public Administration Austrian Presidency of the Council of t he European Union Imprint Owner, publisher and editor: Federal Ministry for the Civil Service and Sport DG III – Civil Service and Administrative Innovation Hohenstaufengasse 3, 1010 Wien (Vienna) Authors: Christian Korunka (University of Vienna), Bettina Kubicek (University of Graz), Martin Risak (University of Vienna) Overall coordination: Dept. III/B/4 – Personnel Development and Mobility Management Vienna, 2018. Copyright und liability: The reproduction of parts of this publication is permitted provided that the source is acknowledged. All other rights are reserved. Please note that, while every possible care was taken in compiling the information contained in this publication, the Federal Ministry for the Civil Service and Sport and the authors accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to this information. Any legal opinions expressed in this publication represent the private views of the authors and cannot in any way prejudice future decisions of the courts. Feedback: Please address any comments regarding this publication to [email protected] In cooperation with: Members of the European Public Administration Network (EUPAN) This report is available for download from the website www.oeffentlicherdienst.gv.at [Kommentare] P a g e 2 of 1 2 6 Austrian Presidency of the Council of t he European Union Preface Dear Readers, Increasing digitalisation affects almost all aspects of human life, but particularly the world of work faces major changes. Rapid developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) have opened up new possibilities about where, when and how work is done. Employees are more frequently able to work outside their employers’ premises, working hours are becoming more flexible and the organisation of work is changing. All this has resulted in a so-called new way of working. The purpose of this publication is to present the findings of the comprehensive scientific analysis on "New Way of Working in Public Administration" to the general public. The Directorate General for Civil Service and Administrative Innovation of the Federal Ministry for the Civil Service and Sport commissioned the study within the Austrian Presidency of the Council of the European Union in the second half of 2018. Our vision is a performance-oriented, innovative public administration which is an attractive employer. As engine for administrative innovation our DG aims to support state-of-the-art personnel management in the Austrian Federal Civil Service, resulting in committed and competent employees. This study was created in close cooperation with experts from the EUPAN (European Public Administration Network).The EUPAN is an informal network of the Directors General responsible for public administration in the member states of the European Union, the European Commission (EC) and observer countries. The network mainly focuses on human resources management and organisational development as well as service innovation and delivery. Two important strategic domains of the EUPAN are change in the composition of workforce and its challenges and embracing digital (r)evolution in public administrations. This study provides an important contribution to these strategic domains and examines current trends in working time, place of work and organisation of work from a work and organisational as well as a legal perspective. I wish you an interesting and stimulating read. Director General Angelika Flatz Head of DG – Civil Service and Administrative Innovation New Way of Working in Public Administration P a g e 3 of 1 2 6 Austrian Presidency of the Council of t he European Union Dear Readers, Flexible work is one of the most important topics in the current world of work. Based on our research background, our interdisciplinary study focuses on work and organisational as well as legal aspects of flexible work in public administration. We use the term “new way of working” as an umbrella term for a wide range of flexible conditions such as flexible working times, flexible working places, and flexible working forms. It therefore refers to different forms of temporal, spatial and functional flexibility that adapt work also to employees’ needs by granting them some extent of autonomy in this regard, while balancing them with the employer’s interests. We would like to thank all EUPAN members, who have responded to our comprehensive questionnaires and who have contributed their experiences with new way of working in public administration in their respective countries. We hope that the exchange of experiences will generate a fruitful debate among all the EUPAN members. We would also like to thank the Austrian Director General Angelika Flatz and her team for their great support in all phases of this project. We would like to express special thanks to Karin Thienel, Sabine Piska-Schmidt, Jasmina Malkoc and Ferdinand Halter for the excellent cooperation. We sincerely hope that our study will contribute to a further successful development of new way of working in many European public administrations. Martin Risak, Christian Korunka and Bettina Kubicek University of Vienna and University of Graz New Way of Working in Public Administration P a g e 4 of 1 2 6 Austrian Presidency of the Council of t he European Union Content Executive Summary 6 Kurzfassung 8 Work & Organisational Aspects 10 Glossary 10 Current Trends in Work Arrangements 12 Results from the EUPAN Survey 37 Results from the EUPAN Workshops: Supportive and Hindering Factors of New Way of Working in Public Administration 51 Good Practice Examples 55 Conclusion & Outlook 61 References 64 Legal Aspects 77 Glossary 77 Background 79 Flexible Work Arrangements – General Questions 87 Flexible Work Arrangements – Working Time 93 Flexible Work Arrangements – Location of Work 109 Conclusion & Outlook 116 References 119 List of Figures 125 List of Tables 126 New Way of Working in Public Administration P a g e 5 of 1 2 6 Austrian Presidency of the Council of t he European Union Executive Summary Advances in information and communication technologies (ICT) have opened up new possibilities about where, when and how work is done. This has resulted in different forms of flexible work arrangements or a new way of working. The Austrian study “New Way of Working in Public Administration” examines work and organisational as well as legal aspects and is based on 1. a comprehensive review of scientific literature and legal frameworks, 2. two questionnaires surveys collecting experiences with new way of working in public administrations of European Public Administration Network (EUPAN) members and 3. interactive sessions at the EUPAN Meetings with the goal of fostering mutual learning and exchanging experiences. The work and organisational part of the study deals with the spread and consequences of the new way of working as well as potential supportive and hindering factors during their implementation. This part of the study is conducted by two professors from different Austrian Universities, namely: Christian Korunka (Work and Organisational Psychology within the Department of Applied Psychology at the University of Vienna) and Bettina Kubicek (Work- and Organisational Psychology within the Department of Psychology at the University of Graz). The legal part of the study deals with legal frameworks facilitating new ways of working and identifies common trends and practices as well as new approaches, which usually concern hours of work and locations of work. This part of the study is conducted by Martin Risak (professor at the Institute for Labor and Social Law at the University of Vienna). New way of working can be found frequently in public administrations all over Europe. Empirical studies show that new way of working in terms of temporal and spatial flexibility has the potential to improve working conditions, work outcomes and quality of work. However, a careful implementation of new ways of working is needed to secure the positive effects and reduce potential negative side effects, such as the intensification of work or the blurring of boundaries between work and private life. The EUPAN survey “New Way of Working in Public Administration” indicates a wide distribution of flexible working arrangements in public administration. Yet it also shows that in some countries new way of working is more common than in others. With regard to potential positive and negative consequences, the EUPAN experts share the view that these new forms of working have a strong potential for improvements, but at the same time, may be accompanied by high demands for leaders and managers. New Way of Working in Public Administration P a g e 6 of 1 2 6 Austrian Presidency of the Council of t he European Union From the legal point of view, the comparative analysis pointed out that both major aspects of the new way of working, i.e. temporal and spatial flexibility, can be seen as driven by the need of public employers for higher productivity, improved performance and employer attractiveness, as well as by public employees’ needs for spatial and temporal flexibility, in order to help them to balance work demands with their family and other personal responsibilities and interests. The comparative study exploring the legal aspects of new ways of working in public administration was able to draw out common trends and practices but also showed the diversity when it comes to details. To sum up, there is a strong positive potential for the further development of new way of working in public administrations in Europe. The concurrent study may give some ideas for further improvements and may help to overcome hindering factors in the implementation of new way of working. New Way of Working in Public Administration P a g e 7 of 1 2 6 Austrian Presidency of the Council of t he European Union Kurzfassung Die Fortschritte in den Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) haben neue Möglichkeiten eröffnet, wo, wann und wie gearbeitet wird. Dies hat zu unterschiedlichen Formen flexibler Arbeitsarrangements oder neuen Formen der Arbeit geführt.
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