Malaysian Government Efforts in Managing the Illegal Migrant Workers from Indonesia (2011-2017)
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MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT EFFORTS IN MANAGING THE ILLEGAL MIGRANT WORKERS FROM INDONESIA (2011-2017) By: Christy Wowiling 016201400031 A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Major in Diplomacy 2018 THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “Malaysian Government Efforts in Managing the Illegal Migrant Workers from Indonesia (2011-2017)” prepared and submitted by Christy Wowiling in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in International Relations in the Faculty of Humanities has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense. Cikarang, Indonesia, March 29th 2018 Recommended and Acknowledged by, Teuku Rezasyah, Ph.D Thesis Adviser i DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled “Malaysian Government Efforts in Managing the Illegal Migrant Workers from Indonesia (2011-2017)” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, March 29th, 2018 Christy Wowiling ii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET The panel of examiners declare that the thesis entitled “MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT EFFORTS IN MANAGING THE ILLEGAL MIGRANT WORKERS FROM INDONESIA (2011-2017)” that was submitted by Christy Wowiling majoring in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examinations on April 17th, 2018. Dr. Endi Haryono, S.IP., M.Si. Chair Panel of Examiner Bustanul Arifin, BA.IR., MA. Examiner Teuku Rezasyah, Ph.D. Thesis Adviser iii ABSTRACT Christy Wowiling, International Relations 2014, President University Title: Malaysian Government Efforts in Managing the Illegal Migrant Workers from Indonesia (2011-2017) Malaysia is one of the developing countries in Southeast Asia that has been dealing with the phenomenon of transnational migration particularly illegal migrant workers from Indonesia. In fact, the phenomenon of migration in Malaysia has been underwent for such long times. The identified number of illegal Indonesian migrant workers is huge, while the presence of these illegal migrant workers has raised insecurities among the local and government of Malaysia. Regardless of their status that is unlawfully, the implications given by the illegal migrant workers from admittedly have threaten the national security of Malaysia, which eventually the illegal migrant workers have been perceived as security threat by the Malaysian government. Not only impacted Malaysia, the conduct of illegal migration justified as organized crime, which likely associated with smuggling of migrant. In the end, Malaysian government implemented several programs to manage the flow of illegal migrant workers from Indonesia in 2011 until 2017. This research used the qualitative approach which explained on how Malaysian government control the illegal migrant workers of Indonesia in Malaysia through the programs and security operation. Keywords: Illegal Migrant Workers, Malaysia, National Security, Indonesia. iv ABSTRAK Christy Wowiling, International Relations 2014, President University Judul: Usaha-Usaha Pemerintah Malaysia dalam Menangani Pekerja Gelap dari Indonesia (2011-2017) Malaysia adalah salah satu negara berkembang di Asia Tenggara yang sedang menghadapi fenomena migrasi transnasional terutama pekerja migran ilegal dari Indonesia. Kenyataannya, fenomena migrasi di Malaysia telah berlangsung untuk waktu yang lama. Jumlah pekerja migran ilegal yang teridentifikasi sangat besar, sementara kehadiran para pekerja migran ilegal ini telah menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan di kalangan lokal dan pemerintah Malaysia. Terlepas dari status mereka yang tidak sah, implikasi yang diberikan oleh pekerja migran ilegal diakui telah mengancam keamanan nasional Malaysia, yang akhirnya para pekerja migran ilegal dianggap sebagai ancaman keamanan oleh pemerintah Malaysia. Tidak hanya berdampak pada Malaysia, perilaku migrasi ilegal dibenarkan sebagai kejahatan terorganisir yang terkait dengan penyelundupan migran. Pada akhirnya, pemerintah Malaysia melaksanakan beberapa program untuk mengelola aliran pekerja migran ilegal dari Indonesia pada tahun 2011 hingga 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menjelaskan tentang bagaimana pemerintah Malaysia mengontrol para pekerja migran ilegal Indonesia di Malaysia melalui program dan operasi keamanan. Kata Kunci: Pekerja Ilegal, Malaysia, Keamanan Nasional, Indonesia v “Let everything you do be done in love” 1 Corinthians 16:14 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I give thanks to God Almighty for the endless love and showers of blessings. Realized that I would have never been possible to finish this research without Him who has given me the opportunity and strength to undertake and pass every process of writing. Also, I am greatly indebted to everyone who have been supportive and contributed as far as this moment comes. Here, I would like to express the heartfelt appreciation: The exceptional thesis advisors; Mr. Teuku Rezasyah, for his stewardship through the research process that allowed me to explore the topic independently, yet with great patience and refined instruction to guide me back onto the appropriate line. Thank you for every meticulous advice and untiring support to pursue this degree. Also, I owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Bustanul Arifin who has mentored me as well. Thank you for the constructive comment in guiding me through the conception, which has furthering my thinking in constructing this thesis. Eventually, I must say that their relentless efforts were essential to the birth of this research. The close group-chat-and-in-real life-friends: Hanna Uli Maria, Nimade Dian, Ircha Meilisa, Ayumi, Carolina Martha, Ella Rayani, and especially for Nur Afni Damanik, whose loyalty for being my roommate goes irreplaceable. Thank you for giving me positive vibes around and encouragement during the whole college journey. The foremost in writing this whole thesis, I could not thank enough for your measureless contributions. You all have always been my source of support when things would get a bit discouraging. And to all dearest friends: Karema Najoan, Evi Soedikto and Wira Moki from the start until the end of this college journey, thank you for giving necessary advice for better of my study. Therefore. some special words of gratitude to Oki Andeni Martha, Darysa Zolla Elpanda, Dhianaswa Zhafira, Nadya Permatasari, Haekal Umri, the Kombawa and the Dormmates, their encouraging words kept me going, spiritually and mentally. My vii college life would not be so challenging and fun at the same time without these individuals in it. I must thank to another trustworthy and supportive childhood friend of mine, Astrid Timboeleng, which I would not never ever forget the help and ideas that she shared to me in the first time where I did not know how to build my thesis topic. Thank you for always giving me a hand to deal with the research topic. And I must particularly mentioned Feronika Desy for her the valuable assistance that I have received which were so meaningful to the completion of this research. Finally to my formers classmates and batch 2014 of International Relations, whose names I could not mention one by one. We have started this journey together; may we finish it together. I really cherished every moment that we have had. Most importantly, I am especially grateful to my family. My mother, father and two little brothers who always have my back even when tears do me apart and been unconditionally loving me. Thank you for the countless pray, motivation and support throughout my academic journey. Your trust and encouragement that have been given to me during the entire process of writing that came as a result of pursuing my goals, and the affection I am received until now are beyond amazing. Thank you. Christy Wowiling viii “Dedicated this thesis to the memory of my closest grandmother, who have passed away before its completion. She always believed in me to finish this research and never have doubt over me to pass my academic trajectory. You are gone but your belief and doubtless in me have made this journey possible.” ix TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER ..................................... i DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................... ii PANEL OF EXAMINER APPROVAL SHEET ............................................... iii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... xiii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................ xv CHAPTER I ...........................................................................................................