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Book 1 Int.Governamental.Indb Porque o fruto da luz consiste em toda bondade, e justiça e verdade. Efésios 5.9 Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 1 29/12/2011 14:47:22 Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 2 29/12/2011 14:47:22 INTELIGÊNCIA GOVERNAMENTAL: CONTEXTOS NACIONAIS E DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 3 29/12/2011 14:47:31 Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 4 29/12/2011 14:47:31 Marco Cepik Organizador INTELIGÊNCIA GOVERNAMENTAL: CONTEXTOS NACIONAIS E DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS Niterói, RJ 2011 Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 5 29/12/2011 14:47:32 © 2011, Editora Impetus Ltda. Editora Impetus Ltda Rua Alexandre Moura, 51 – Gragoatá – Niterói – RJ CEP: 24210-200 – Telefax: (21) 2621-7007 Editoração Eletrônica: Editora Impetus Ltda. Capa: Rafael Brum Revisão de Português: Marcos Roque Impressão e encadernação: Editora e Gráfica Vozes Ltda. Série: Inteligência, Segurança e Direito Coordenador da Série: Denilson Feitoza I48 Inteligência governamental : contextos nacionais e desafios contemporâneos / Marco Cepik, organizador. – Niterói, RJ: Impetus, 2011. 352 p. ; 16cm x 23cm. ISBN: 978-85-7626-569-6 1. Serviços de inteligência – Brasil. 2. Segurança nacional - Brasil. I. Cepik, Marco. CDD- 363.240981 TODOS OS DireiTOS reSerVADOS – É proibida a reprodução, salvo pequenos trechos, mencionando-se a fonte. A violação dos direitos autorais (Lei no 9.610/98) é crime (art. 184 do Código Penal). Depósito legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme Decreto no 1.825, de 20/12/1907. O autor é seu professor; respeite-o: não faça cópia ilegal. A Editora Impetus informa que se responsabiliza pelos defeitos gráficos da obra. Quaisquer vícios do produto concernentes aos conceitos doutrinários, às concepções ideológicas, às referências, à originalidade e à atualização da obra são de total responsabilidade do autor/atualizador. www.impetus.com.br Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 6 29/12/2011 14:47:32 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico o livro à minha equipe de assistentes de pesquisa, orientandos e estudantes. Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 7 29/12/2011 14:47:32 Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 8 29/12/2011 14:47:32 AGRADECIMENTO Agradeço aos colegas, Dr. Denilson Feitoza, Dra. Priscila Brandão e Dr. Carlos Arturi, bem como a Christiano Ambros, Luíza Schneider, Gustavo Vernier, Gustavo Moller e Bruno Kern. Agradeço ainda a toda a equipe da Editora Impetus. Agradeço também o apoio do CNPq. Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 9 29/12/2011 14:47:32 Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 10 29/12/2011 14:47:32 OS AUTORES Marco Cepik é professor associado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), onde desenvolve atividades de pesquisa, ensino, orientação e consultoria em três áreas: Estudos sobre Inteligência, Segurança Internacional e Governo e Digitalização. Pesquisador do Núcleo de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais (NERINT-UFRGS), do Centro de Estudos Internacionais sobre Governo (CEGOV-UFRGS) e do Centro de Estudos de Inteligência Governamental (CEIG-UFMG), Cepik publicou oito livros, 23 capítulos de livros e 21 artigos científicos até 2010. Marco Cepik foi pesquisador / professor visitante na Indiana University of Pennsylvania (1997-98), na FLACSO Ecuador (2003 e 2006), na National Defense University em Washington-DC (2000 e 2002) e na Naval Post Graduate School em Monterey-CA (2004), entre outras instituições no Brasil e no exterior. Em 2005, foi bolsista de pós-doutorado do CNPq na Universidade de Oxford, no Reino Unido. Carlos Arturi é professor associado do Departamento de Ciência Política da UFRGS. Obteve seu doutorado no Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) e realizou seu pós-doutoramento na Universidade de Lisboa. Coordena o Grupo de Pesquisa “Contestação Transnacional e Controles Democráticos”, credenciado pelo CNPq, integra o Núcleo de Estratégia e de Relações Internacionais (NERINT) do Instituto Latino-Americano de Estudos Avançados (ILEA), da UFRGS, e está associado ao LABMUNDO, da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). É docente e orientador de mestrado e doutorado nos programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política e em Relações Internacionais da UFRGS, bem como professor-convidado do Mestrado em Ciência Política da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Júlio Cóssio Rodriguez possui graduação em Relações Internacionais pela UFRGS (2007) e mestrado em Ciência Política pela mesma universidade (2009). Atualmente, é doutorando em Ciência Política pela Universidade de Lisboa, com vínculo no Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS). É bolsista de doutorado da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – Portugal (FCT). Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 11 29/12/2011 14:47:32 Gabriel Pessin Adam possui mestrado em Relações Internacionais pela UFRGS e atualmente é doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política da mesma universidade. Pesquisador do Núcleo de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais (NERINT-UFRGS). Alexander Arciniegas Carreño é advogado formado pela Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), Colômbia, e mestre em Ciência Política pela UFRGS. Atualmente, é doutorando em Ciência Política pela mesma universidade. Mamadou Alpha Diallo possui graduação em Administração pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) (2008) e mestrado em Ciência Política pela UFRGS (2011). Atualmente, é doutorando do Programa de Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais da UFRGS e pesquisador do Núcleo de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais (NERINT-UFRGS). Igor Castellano da Silva é doutorando em Estudos Estratégicos Internacionais pela UFRGS, pesquisador vinculado ao Núcleo de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais (NERINT) e bolsista da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Possui graduação em Relações Internacionais e mestrado em Ciência Política pela mesma universidade (UFRGS). Nathaly Xavier possui graduação em Relações Internacionais pela UFRGS (2008). É mestre e doutoranda em Ciência Política pela mesma universidade. Marília Bortoluzzi Severo é doutoranda em Ciência Política pela UFRGS, pela linha de pesquisa em Política Internacional. É mestre em Ciência Política pela mesma instituição e possui graduação em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Fabrício Ávila possui graduação em História (bacharelado) pela PUCRS (2005), graduação em História (licenciatura plena) pela PUCRS (2005) e mestrado em Relações Internacionais pela UFGRS 2008. É doutorando em Ciência na UFGRS, onde pesquisa a dissuasão nuclear no século XXI. Marcos Carra possui graduação em Física (bacharelado) (1990), graduação em História (licenciatura) (1995), graduação em Ciências Econômicas (2002), graduação em História (bacharelado) (2003), graduação em Ciências Sociais (bacharelado) (2006) e mestrado em Relações Internacionais, todos pela UFGRS (2008). Doutorando em Ciência Política pela mesma universidade. Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 12 29/12/2011 14:47:32 Christiano Ambros possui graduação em Relações Internacionais pela UFRGS (2010). Atualmente, é mestrando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política da mesma universidade. É bolsista sênior e coordenador do Grupo de Trabalho - Teoria e Inteligência Comparada do Núcleo de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais (NERINT) da UFRGS. Jussara de Oliveira Machado possui especialização Lato Sensu em Inteligência de Estado e Inteligência de Segurança Pública pela Fundação Escola Superior do Ministério Público de Minas Gerais (FESMPMG) (2010); especialização Lato Sensu em Gestão Pública pelo Praetorium (2009) e graduação em Direito pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC Minas) (2002). Pesquisadora estudante do Centro de Estudos Estratégicos e Inteligência Governamental da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CEEIG/UFMG) (desde 2010). Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 13 29/12/2011 14:47:32 Book 1_Int.Governamental.indb 14 29/12/2011 14:47:32 APRESENTAÇÃO DA SÉRIE A atividade de inteligência é essencial ao desenvolvimento e à preservação do Estado Democrático de Direito brasileiro. Todos os países economicamente desenvolvidos, com democracias consolidadas, possuem serviços de inteligência responsáveis, legais e fortes. Há uma imensa “massa de informações” com a qual o Estado tem de lidar cotidianamente, seja quanto à execução de ações específicas, seja quanto ao estabelecimento de suas políticas e estratégias institucionais. No Brasil, o princípio constitucional da eficiência (art. 37, caput, da Constituição da República) veda que o Estado trabalhe com essa “massa de informações” de forma meramente empírica, com desperdício de recursos humanos, materiais e financeiros. O Estado deve utilizar-se de métodos, técnicas e ferramentas adequados para lidar com as informações necessárias ao desempenho de suas finalidades constitucionais, superando a fase individualista e amadorística de seus agentes públicos e políticos e alcançando a racionalidade gerencial exigida pelo princípio constitucional da eficiência. Os modelos estatais de inteligência constituem uma certa ordenação, adequação e organização de métodos, técnicas e ferramentas de gestão da informação e do conhecimento, especialmente destinados ao processo decisório estatal. Nessa linha, a inteligência de Estado (ou inteligência “clássica”) é voltada, principalmente, ao assessoramento do processo decisório. Por exemplo, nos termos legais, o Sistema Brasileiro de Inteligência (Sisbin) tem a finalidade de fornecer subsídios ao Presidente da República nos assuntos de interesse nacional (art. 1o da Lei no 9.883/1999), possuindo, como órgão central, a Agência Brasileira de Inteligência (Abin), subordinada ao Gabinete de Segurança Institucional
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