DOCSLIB.ORG

Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of the Diseases of the Silver Perch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention of the Diseases of the Silver Perch NSW DPI DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & PREVENTION OF THE DISEASES OF THE AUSTRALIAN FRESHWATER FISH SILVER PERCH (Bidyanus bidyanus) Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Fisheries Research and Development Corporation Phil Read • Matthew Landos • Stuart J. Rowland • Charlie Mifsud DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF THE DISEASES OF THE AUSTRALIAN FRESHWATER FISH SILVER PERCH (Bidyanus bidyanus) Phil Read, Matthew Landos, Stuart J. Rowland & Charlie Mifsud Fisheries Research and Development Corporation DISCLAIMER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION The information contained in this publication is Grafton AQuaculture CENTRE based on knowledge and understanding at the time PMB2, Grafton NSW 2460 of writing (April 2007). However, because of advances Ph 02 6640 1690, or in knowledge, users are reminded of the need to Port STEPHENS FISHERIES CENTRE ensure that information upon which they rely is up Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay NSW 2316 to date and to check currency of the information Ph 02 4982 1232 with the appropriate officer of New South Wales Department of Primary Industries or the user‘s independent adviser.. CHEMICAL USE ALWAYS READ THE LABEL Users of agricultural (or veterinary) chemical products must always read the label and any Permit, before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and the conditions of any Permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the Permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this publication. © State of New South Wales through NSW Department of Primary Industries (April 2007). You may copy, distribute and otherwise freely deal with this publication for any purpose, provided that you attribute NSW Department of Primary Industries as the owner. ISBN 978 0 7347 1792 4 JOB NUMBER 5938 table OF contentsDIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & PREVENTION OF THE DISEASES OF THE AUSTRALIAN FRESHWATER FISH SILVER PERCH (Bidyanus bidyanus) ACKnowledgements … 3 FUNGAL DISEASES … 34 DISEASE PROBLEMS IN PURGING systems … 62 Saprolegniosis – Saprolegnia parasitica Introduction … 4 Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS, Red Spot Disease) – Aphanomyces invadans AQuatic Plants AND FISH health … 64 Anatomy OF SILVER Perch … 6 BACTERIAL DISEASES … 39 Chemical USE AND legislation Columnaris – Flavobacterium columnare (January 2007) … 65 Diagnostic TECHNIQues … 9 Tail rot syndrome Goldfish ulcer disease – Information REQUIRED to PREVENT, DISEASES AND Pathogens … 16 Aeromonas salmonicida nova diagnose, treat AND control disease … 67 Streptococcosis – Streptococcus iniae ECTo-pARASITIC PROTOZOANS … 16 Mycobacteriosis – Mycobacterium spp. Chilodonellosis – Chilodonella hexasticha Calculations, treatments AND Aeromonad dermatitis – Aeromonas spp. Ichthyophthiriosis (white spot, ich) – DOSE rates … 70 Epitheliocystis Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Formalin Ichthyobodosis – Ichthyobodo necator VIRAL DISEASES … 50 Medicated feed Trichodinosis – Trichodina sp. Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis (EHN) Alkalinity and copper sulfate Tetrahymenosis – Tetrahymena sp. Potassium permanganate Salt MYXOZOAN INFECTIONS … 24 Miscellaneous NON-infectious DISEASES, DISORDERS AND Trichlorfon Henneguya spp. conditions … 51 Withdrawal periods S Hypoxia T ECTo-cOMMENSAL CILIATES … 26 EN Hydrogen sulphide poisoning T Ambiphyra spp. Notifiable FISH DISEASES … 77 Gas supersaturation (Gas bubble disease) CON F MONOGENEANS … 27 Noxious algae O LE Glossary … 78 B A T Lepidotrema bidyana Cloudy eyes and red tails • 1 | Physical abnormalities p COPEPODS … 29 REFERENCES AND further reading … 80 Abdominal swelling (bloat) Anchor worm – Lernaea spp. Nutritional disorders Ergasilus spp. Aggression CESTODES AND NEMATODES … 32 acKnowledgements The authors would like to thank and Tomlin, Steve Vidler, Roger Camm, Trevor Peter Selosse, Ken Bock, Les Rava, Paul acknowledge the members of the native Walshe, Gary Webb, Bob Overguard, Robertson, Matthew Hollis, Kevin Clark, fish hatchery and silver perch industries Charles Faulkner, Mike Beveridge, Sam Peter Boyd, David Glendenning, Nathan for their input and information over the Clift, Jeff Guy, Ric Mailler, Andrew Pratt, Ferrie, Todd Rowland, Leo Cameron, years, in particular Mark Scifleet and Ian Grant Webster, Tom Sole, Geoff and Luke Ferguson, Joanne Murray, Ralf Charles. Ben Pope, Ian Brunton, Rob Bartley, Jahrling, James Lang, Peter Dickson, Ross Burton, Brian Taylor, Stan Moore, Matt Parker, Brendan Palmer, Nat Sewell, We also thank the following who Michael Hickey, Bruce Sambell, Warwick Joel Crispin, Daniel Kratz, Andrew Ford, allowed access to their facilities and Reakes and Mike Murphy. Tony McClymont and Steve Pepper. shared their knowledge of fish diseases; Paul Trevethan, Alan and John Hambly, We thank Dr Gordon Beakes (UK), This disease manual was prepared as Noel Penfold, Calvin and Lisa Terry, Bruce Professor Iva Dykova (Czech Republic), part of a project that was funded by Malcolm, Ray Partridge, Roger Munzel, Dr Craig Hayward (University of the former NSW Fisheries, including the Trevor Pontifex, Andrew Yazbek, Craig Queensland) and Dr Brett Ingram Aquaculture Initiative, the current NSW and Parry Anderson, Nic Arena, Steve (Department of Primary Industries, Department of Primary Industries, and Grammer, Nick Lambert, Grantley Blake, Victoria) for their work and contribution the Fisheries Research and Development Jim Cliffe, Lindsay Fraser, Ainsley Pope, on specific diseases and parasites, and Corporation (FRDC). We thank Bill Lindy Trudgeon, Marcia Thompson, Patrick Tully (NSW DPI) for his efforts and Talbot, Dr Nick Rayns, Dr Geoff Allan Ron and Peter Randall, Bruce Rhoades, contributions to photographic editing, and Ian Lyall for their support and Graham Bailey, Steve Wood, Gary Webb, sketches and diagrams. encouragement. We acknowledge and Dennis Bressan, Dennis Cole, Albert are grateful for the support of the silver The authors acknowledge the effort and Cooke, Nathan David, Colin Dickson, perch industry by FRDC. input of staff at the Narrandera Fisheries Michael Gilbert, Bob Hamilton, John Centre, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute Heslin, Roger Kershaw, Mat Kilham, Chris and the Grafton Aquaculture Centre. Lawson, Rob McCormack, Peter Moore, In particular, we thank Dr Richard S Gay Passfield, Ross Thompson, Laurie T Callinan, Stephen Thurstan, Mark Nixon, GEMEN D NOWLE K AC • 3 | p introduction Silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) is mid 1990’s and is based primarily on expansion of the silver perch grow‑out an Australian native freshwater fish aerated, earthen ponds. There is some industry since the mid 1990’s has seen a endemic to the inland Murray‑Darling production in recirculating aquaculture corresponding increase in the incidence River System (Fig. 1). Hatchery systems (RAS) and cages, and these of diseases, plus several new diseases techniques were developed at the intensive systems have potential for and pathogens including a winter Narrandera Fisheries Centre (formerly significant production in the future. fungal disease, gill flukes, and various the Inland Fisheries Research Station) Some silver perch farms have achieved syndromes and conditions. The common in the late 1970’s, and transferred to a high survival and production under diseases of silver perch are caused by new commercial industry in 1982. The commercial conditions; however, for protozoans, monogeneans, fungi and routine production of fingerlings by success, farms must have a good supply bacteria. Diseases have had a significant government and private hatcheries over of high quality water, a reliable power impact on commercial production the past 27 years has provided a solid supply for aeration and pumps, be through induced stress on fish, loss of foundation for the development of a geographically located in a region that growth and production, death of stock grow‑out industry. enables fast growth and good health, and high costs of treatments. and be well managed. Research at the Grafton Aquaculture In 2001 – 2005, a project entitled Centre in the early 1990’s demonstrated Diseases of silver perch under culture ‘Development of a Health Management that silver perch is an excellent species conditions have been previously Strategy for the Silver Perch Aquaculture for pond culture with high survival, fast described by Ashburner (1983), Rowland Industry’ was undertaken to study the growth and high production rates. An (1983), Rowland and Ingram (1991) diseases and health management of industry has been developing since the and Callinan and Rowland (1995). The silver perch. Major outcomes were: identification of new and important diseases; development of control and preventative methods for most diseases; and a health management strategy for the industry based on three separate ION T UC D RO T IN • 4 | p Figure 1 Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Source: Patrick Tully DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & PREVENTION OF THE DISEASES OF THE AUSTRALIAN FRESHWATER FISH SILVER PERCH (Bidyanus bidyanus) publications, ‘Health Management Plan for Silver Perch Culture’, ‘Hatchery Quality Assurance Program for Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii), Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua) and Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)’ and the manual ‘Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of the Diseases of the Australian Freshwater Fish Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)’. This manual has been prepared as an easy‑to‑use publication with numerous photographs of diseased fish and pathogens that will facilitate the prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of silver perch diseases. Its use in conjunction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fish Health Quick Guide
    Fish Health Quick Guide Table of contents 1 Fish health ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Category 2 (Notifiable) ...................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Cestodes (Tape worms) ................................................................................................................ 1 2.2 Nematodes (Round worms) .......................................................................................................... 1 2.3 Ergasilus briani .............................................................................................................................. 1 2.4 Ergasilus sieboldi (Gill maggot) .................................................................................................... 2 2.5 Thorny headed worm (Acanthocephalans) ................................................................................... 2 2.6 Gyrodactylus .................................................................................................................................. 2 3 Common FW external Parasites. ...................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Costia (Icthyobodo necatrix). ........................................................................................................ 3 3.2 Trichodina. ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • My Fish Are Dying!
    My Fish Are Dying! Billy J. Higginbotham Todd D. Sink Professor & Extension Wildlife & Assistant Professor & Extension Fisheries Specialist Fisheries Specialist Fisheries biologists and county Extension agents will hear these words countless times throughout the year, especially during the summer months. As a general rule, small ponds intensively managed for catfish are the most susceptible to die-off problems. Other common scenarios for summer die-off problems are ponds with large quantities of aquatic vegetation, ponds that are heavily or frequently fed with commercial fish diets, ponds that were stocked heavily or excessively and biomass now exceeds carrying capacity, or ponds that experience phytoplankton die-offs caused by a multitude of different reasons. How do you determine the cause of a fish die- off? In most cases, asking the right questions will lead you to the cause or causes. Here are the questions I ask and the assessments made based on answers received to help a frantic pond owner: 1) When did the fish start dying and for how long have they been dying? The reason for this question is to determine if there is acute (very rapid) or chronic (slow and prolonged) mortality. The rate of fish mortality helps provide clues as to the cause. Oxygen depletions are typically acute mortality events in which the fish die quickly, within a few to several Solutions hours, and then the mortality ends. Chronic mortality spanning several days or even weeks is typically associated with disease or parasite issues where portions of the fish population die over prolonged periods. Exposure to lethal concentrations of pesticides or herbicides can cause either acute or chronic mortality, dependent upon the dose of the chemical the Aggie Extension fish were exposed to, although mortality tends to be more acute as toxic pesticides tend to dilute and degrade quickly in the aquatic environment by simple dilution, oxidation, microbial deterioration, or UV exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Conditions in Freshwater Aquarium Fish Fish Are the Largest and Most Species-Rich Group of Vertebrates, Numbering 60,229 Species and Subspecies
    WILDLIFE and EXOTICS | FISH ONLINE EDITION Common conditions in freshwater aquarium fish Fish are the largest and most species-rich group of vertebrates, numbering 60,229 species and subspecies. Given there is such a plethora of species, fish have adapted to a wide range of aquatic environments – from the oceans to desert puddles, and from deep-sea hydrothermal vents to glacial mountain lakes and streams (Weber, Sonya Miles 2013). This article focuses on cold and tropical freshwater fish that are kept as pets. BVSc CertAVP(ZM) MRCVS Sonya qualified from Bristol In this author’s experience, University in 2013. After there are a large variety of beginning her professional pathogens that can affect career in small animal practice, freshwater fish. Stress she now works at Highcroft and subsequent immune Exotic Vets where she sees a suppression – invariably wide variety of species. She caused by poor water has a special interest in reptile quality – often underpin the medicine and surgery, but enjoys pathogenesis of many of all aspects of being an exotic these ubiquitous organisms. species veterinary surgeon. Underlying causes should, therefore, always be Sonya runs North Somerset investigated and corrected Reptile Rescue in her spare time. (Roberts et al, 2009; Roberts- Sweeney, 2016). Unlike mammalian patients, Figure 1. A blood sample being taken from the caudal vein in a fish. samples taken for culture and sensitivity testing in freshwater to cause infections and, as ensuring that the head is also fish should be cultured at such, first-choice antibiotics removed and the remaining room temperature (22°- should target them (Roberts- wound treated with a 25°C).
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Special/Management Report 08
    llBRARY INSTITUTE FOR FIS"· -��rs �ESEARCH University Museums Annex • Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 •nuuu.uJt orr---- c om mon DISEASES. PARASITES.AnD AnomALIES OF ffilCHIGAn FISHES ■ ■ •• ■ ■ ■ •••••• ■• ■• ••••••• ■ ••• -••••• -----•• ■ ■ •• ■ ■ •••• ■ •••• ■• ■ ••••.• •• ■ ■ ■ ■• ■ •• ■ •••• ■ ■•• ••••••••••••••• ■• - Michigan Department Of Natural Resources • FIS• h er1es. · D ••IYISIOn• .. � .. ... .- .... ... MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES INTEROFFICE COMMUNICATION Lake St. Clair Great Lakes Stati.on 33135 South River Road rt!:;..,I. R.. t-1 Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48045 . � ve - �Av . ... � ··�,- , ,. ' . TO: "1>ave Weaver,. Regional Fisheries Program Manager> Region. III RayRon Spitler,. Fisheries Biologist� District 14 .... ;·shepherd, -� Fis�eries Biologis.t11t District 11 FROM: Bob Baas ,. Biologise In Cbarge11t Lake St. Clair Great Lakes. Stati.ou SUBJECT: Impact of the red worm parasite on. Great Lakes yellow perch I recently receive4 an interim report fromh t e State of Ohio on red worm infestation of yellow perch in Lake Erie. The report is very long and tedious so 1·want·to summarize ·for you ·sou of the information which I think is important. The description of the red worm parasite in our 1-IDNR. disease manual is largely.outdated by this work. First ,. the Nematodes or round worms. locally called "red worms" ,. were positively identified as Eustrongylides tubifex. The genus Eustrongylides normally completes its life cycle in the proventiculus of fish-eating birds. E. tubifex was fed to domestic mallards and the red worms successfu11y matured but did not reach patentcy (females with obvtous egg development). Later abl examination of various wild aquatic birds collected on Lake Erie.showed that the red­ breasted merganser is the primary host for the adult worms. Next,. large numbers of perch were (and ra e still) being examined for rate of parasitism and its pot�ntial effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Fish Pathogens Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish B
    Bacterial Fish Pathogens Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish B. Austin and D. A. Austin Bacterial Fish Pathogens Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish Fourth Edition J'V'v Published in association with ^ Springer Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK Professor B. Austin School of Life Sciences John Muir Building Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh UK Dr D. A. Austin Research Associate Heriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh UK SPRINGER-PRAXIS BOOKS IN AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCES SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: Dr Peter Dobbins Ph.D., CEng., F.I.O.A., Senior Consultant, Marine Devision, SEA, Bristol, UK ISBN 978-1-4020-6068-7 Springer Dordrecht Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) A catalogue record of this book is available from the Library of Congress Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. © Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2007 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Infectious Diseases of Coldwater Fish in Marine and Brackish Water
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 3 Infectious Diseases of Coldwater Fish in Marine and Brackish Water Michael L. Kent1,* and Trygve T. Poppe2 1Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Sciences Branch, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5K6, Canada; 2Department of Morphology, Genetics and Aquatic Biology, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8196 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway Introduction transferred with them to sea cages. Brown and Bruno (Chapter 4) deal with these Salmonids are the primary fishes reared in freshwater diseases, and our emphasis is cold seawater netpens. This component of infectious diseases that are contracted after the industry produces approximately transfer to sea cages. − 500,000 t year 1 on a worldwide basis. The principle species reared in netpens are Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), coho Viral Diseases salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Several viruses are important pathogens of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). salmonid fishes, particularly during their Additional species include minor produc- early development in fresh water (Wolf, tion of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), 1988). Viral diseases of fishes have histori- Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock cally been of great concern to fish health (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), Atlantic managers because they can cause high mor- halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and tality. In addition, the presence of certain Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus). The viruses in a fish population causes eco- purpose of this chapter is to review the most nomic hardships to fish farmers due to important infectious diseases affecting fish restrictions on transfer or sale of these fish. reared in cold seawater netpens.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh-Water Fish Diseases in West Bengal, India
    International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2018; 6(5): 356-362 E-ISSN: 2347-5129 P-ISSN: 2394-0506 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 Fresh-water fish diseases in west Bengal, India (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.549 IJFAS 2018; 6(5): 356-362 © 2018 IJFAS Koustav Sen and Rimpa Mandal www.fisheriesjournal.com Received: 11-07-2018 Accepted: 13-08-2018 Abstract Present day diseases issues are of great concern in fish production. Similar to other animals, fish can also Koustav Sen suffer from different diseases. Every fish carry pathogens and parasites. The present study highlight the Department of Zoology, Zoology different fish diseases in west Bengal, India. Generally freshwater fish is the principal source of protein Colour Lab, West Bengal, India for people in many parts of the world. Disease is a main agent affecting fish mortality in young age. This problem affect our fish biodiversity. The most common freshwater fish diseases-Dropsy, Tail and Fin rot, Rimpa Mandal Koi Herpes virus, Vitamin-C Deficiency, Cloudy Eye, Lymphocystis, Furunculosis etc. Due to the water Department of Zoology, Zoology pollution, a huge amount of bacteria affect fish body, so our present study highlight the actual causes of Colour Lab, West Bengal, India different fish disease and their damaging power and their symptom. Keywords: Fish, diseases, micro-organisms and parasites, treatment and control 1. Introduction West Bengal is one of the leading producers of fresh water fish and the largest producer of fish seed production in the country. Similar to other animal’s fish can also suffer from various diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Splended Bettas Mark Denaro
    Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine Splended Bettas Mark Denaro he former president of the Interna- to limit the damage incurred during Ttional Betta Congress explains how fights. These fish are known as plakat to keep some of the most popular and or plakad bettas. The initial fish used recognizable group of fish in the hobby may have been Betta splendens, B. happy, healthy, and beautiful. smaragdina, or B. imbellis, but over time all of these species, along with B. Bettas are among the most well- sp.“Mahachai” and possibly B. stiktos, known fish in the hobby, largely were crossbred to enhance the desired because they are available in a wide traits. range of colors and finnage types. They have been selectively bred to Eventually they were bred for color in enhance certain characteristics for addition to or instead of aggression. centuries. Initially they were bred They were then bred to enhance the to enhance their aggression so finnage to make them more beautiful, they could be fought as a form of but they’d been bred for aggression entertainment and gambling. To that through so many generations that end, the most aggressive fish were it was pretty much built in, and it bred, and the ones that weren’t as remained while the beauty increased. aggressive were frequently released This focus has resulted in the fish we back into the wild. have today. The veiltail form is still the In addition to enhancing aggression, most readily available and popular in it became worthwhile to breed for the hobby, though not favored by those heavier and stronger scales and fins who breed them for show purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Text Article
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 4 Infectious Diseases of Coldwater Fish in Fresh Water Laura L. Brown1 and David W. Bruno2 1National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada; 2Fisheries Research Services, The Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, Victoria Road, Torry, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK Introduction in flow-through or recirculation facilities. The book concerns diseases of finfish and Raising fish in fresh water is an ancient we shall examine those diseases that have practice and the earliest records of relevance to cage and tank culture. Diseases aquaculture date from 2000 BC in China, specific to channel or earthen pond culture although these relate to aquaculture in fresh will not be discussed. warm water (Brown, 1977). The rearing of To avoid excessive repetition of infor- animals in a cold freshwater environment mation given elsewhere, we have defined is a relatively recent phenomenon and dates infectious diseases of cold fresh water as from the 1930s when trout were first raised those that rarely, if ever, occur in water in ponds in Denmark (Shepherd, 1988). whose temperature exceeds 15°C. The Since then, coldwater aquaculture has majority of infectious diseases discussed grown exponentially and in 1996 the global are those that are normally associated with cold freshwater aquaculture production the dominant species cultured in cold fresh including trout, salmon, eels and sturgeon water: trout and juvenile salmonids. Many was in excess of 1.5 Mt (New, 1999). pathogens have been isolated in fish cul- In addition to fish that are cultured tured both in seawater and fresh water and exclusively in fresh water, juvenile for some diseases it was decided that most salmonids are raised in a freshwater cases are seen in fresh water and thus are environment prior to smoltification and in this chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Status of Fish Diseases in Nepal
    Nepalese Vet. J. 36: 30 –37 Study on Status of Fish Diseases in Nepal S. P. Shrestha1*, P. Bajracharya2, A. Rayamaijhi3 and S. P. Shrestha4 1Animal Health Research Division, NARC 2Research Assistant, Animal Health Research Division, NARC 3Fisheries Research Division, Godawari, Lalitpur, Nepal 4Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science T.U, Paklihawa *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fisheries play an important role in increasing the Nepalese economy as well as sustaining livelihood of some ethnic groups of our country. With the increased demand of fish, pisciculture have also increased to a great extend. Due to the rise in fish culture, there has been also rise in fish diseases. The study aims to investigate different parasitic, bacterial, fungal diseases in fish and to suggest treatment to control the diseases in four different fish farm of Nepal. A cross- sectional qualitative method was used to collect data from four selected fish farm (Kakani, Trishuli, Begnas, Mirmi) of Nepal. Infected fishes were transferred to the lab in oxygen filled plastic bags and further tested for bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection. The result of the study indicates that Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome was the most common bacterial-fungal disease that had a significant impact on common carp fish especially in Trishuli, Begnas and Mirmi. Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp was found to be a growing problem in rainbow trout farming (Kakani, Nuwakot) infecting intestine, liver, gut and skin causing yellow diarrhea and skin lesions. Trichodina was observed number one problematic parasitic in carp culture not only in government farm like Begnas and Mirmi, but also in commercial farms in most of the fishery areas of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of the Interior, Fred A. Seaton, Secretary Fish and Wildlife Service, Arnie J. Suomela, Commissioner Fi
    (, (~ United States Department of the Interior, Fred A. Seaton, Secretary Fish and Wildlife Service, Arnie J. Suomela, Commissioner Fishery Leaflet 462 Washington 25, D. C. July 1958 FIN ROT AND PEDUNCLE DISEASE OF SALMONID FISHES By 1/ S . F. Snieszko_ Bacteriologist Branch of Fishery Research Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife INTRODUCTION CAUSE OF THE DISEASE These two diseases are discussed to­ In fin rot bacteria are implicated. Some gether because both are most likely caused by may be well known fish pathogens as Hemophilus bacteria. Both diseases are very inadequately piscium or Aeromonas salmonicida. In peduncle . known. It seems likely that in both diseases disease the infected tissues show the presence , myxobacteria may play an important role. of long thin gram -negative bacteria which are Their differentiation from other bacterial fish strikingly similar to known fish -pathogenic diseases may often be difficult. myxobacteria. In May of 1958 myxobacteria of the columnaris type were isolated from a yearling IDENTIFICATION brook trout at Leetown, West Virginia . Fin rot symptoms may also occur in the SOURCE AND RESER VOIR OF INFECTION course of some better known fish diseases as ulcer disease and furunculosis. This disease is Unknown. characterized by fins becoming opaque first at the margin. This condition usually progresses MODE OF TRANSMISSION toward the base. Fins also become thicker due to proliferation of epithelium. In advanced Unknown. cases fins are frayed with rays protruding like stretched fingers. Bacteria of various shapes INCUBATION PERIOD or even fungal mycelia may be abundant. Unknown. Peduncle disease is characterized by swelling, inflammation, discoloration, and gradual PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY necrosis of the caudal peduncle.
    [Show full text]
  • Layout-Winter School-2008-09.Pmd
    CMFRI Course Manual Winter School on Recent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of Marine Finfish and Shellfish 30.12.2008 -19.1.2009 Compiled and Edited by Dr. K. Madhu, Senior Scientist and Director, Winter school & Dr. Rema Madhu, Senior Scientist and Co-ordinator Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) P.B.No.1603, Marine Drive North Extension, Ernakulam North ,P.O. Cochin, KERALA – INDIA - 682018 ORNAMENTAL FISH DISEASES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT MEASURES I.S. Bright Singh* and K. Sreedharan, National Centre for Aquatic Animal Helath, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-682 016, Kerala, India. *Phone/Fax: 91-484 2381120. Email: [email protected] Introduction Aquarium fish industry constitutes an extremely large segment of the pet animal industry. Over two decades, there experienced progressive increase in the ornamental fish industrial productivity both in the domestic market and at International level. Than ever before, more and more indigenous as well as exotic varieties of fishes are being registered into the trade. Primarily being aquatic animals and secondarily being forced to remain under crowded conditions, they are subjected to diseases of varying nature. There are two broad categories of diseases, which relate directly to selection of appropriate treatments: 1. Infectious or contagious diseases caused by parasites, bacteria, viruses, or fungi. These often require medication to help the fish recover. 2. Non-infectious diseases are broadly categorized as environmental, nutritional, or genetic. These problems are often corrected by optimizing management practices. Manifestation of an infection or an intense parasite attack is often the result of a primary damage due to unfavourable environmental conditions.
    [Show full text]