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N06-02-11.Pdf (2.532Mb) Norteamérica, revista académica Fundador/Founder José Luis Valdés-Ugalde Editoras en jefe/Editors-in-Chief Nattie Golubov y Monica Gambrill Presidenta del Comité Editorial/President of the Editorial Board Silvia Núñez Garáa Conúté Editorial/Editorial Board Michael D. Layton, Departamento Académico de Estudios Internacionales, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, México Soledad Loaeza Tovar, Centro de Estudios Internacionales, El Colegio de México, México José Luis Orozco Alcántar, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, UNAM, México José LuisValdés-Ugalde, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, UNAM, México Mónica Verea Campos, Centrode Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, UNAM, México Consejo Asesor Internacional/In�emational Advisory Board Enrique Berruga Filloy, Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales, México Enrique Cabrero Mendoza, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, México Leonardo Curzio Gutiérrez, Centrode Investigacionessobre América del Norte, UNAM,México Daniel Drache, Robarts Centre far Canadian Studies, York University, Canadá James Dunkerley, Institute far the Study of the Arnericas, Inglaterra Teresina Gutiérrez Haces, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, UNAM, México Christopher Hill, Centre far Intemational Studies, University of Cambridge, Inglaterra John Kirton, Munk Centre far International Studies, University of Toronto, Canadá Elaine Levine Leiter, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, UNAM, México Cristina Lucchini, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Laura MacDonald, Centre on North American Politics and Society, Carleton University, Canadá GracielaMa rtínez-Zalce, Centrode Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, UNAM, México Alejandro Mercado Celis, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, México Robert A Pastor, Center far NorthAmerican Studies, AmericanUniversity, Estados Unidos Olga Pellicer Silva, Centro de Estudios Internacionales, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, México Ricardo Pozas Horcasitas, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, UNAM,México FernandoSolana, Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales, México Marcela Terrazas y Bazante, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, UNAM, México Blanca Torres, Centro de Estudios Internacionales, El Colegio de México, México Diego Valadés Ríos, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM, México Ambrosio Velasco Gómez, Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, UNAM, México Jesús Velasco Grajales, División de Estudios Internacionales, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, México Sydney Weintraub, The Center far Strategic & Intemational Studies, Estados Unidos Scott M. Whitefard, Center far LatinAmerican Studies, University of Arizona,Estados Unidos Coordinador editorial/Managing Editor Diego I. Bugeda Bemal Editora asistente/ Assistant Editor Silvia Maldonado Rivera Año6, número 2, julio-diciembrede 2011 Year 6, issue 2, July-December 2011 UNAM CISAN © Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Norteamérica, Revista Académica del CISAN-UNAM, año 6, número 2 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México José Narro Robles Rector/President Estela Morales Campos Coordinadora de Humanidades/Coordinator of Humanities Silvia Núñez García Directora del CISAN/CISAN Director Cuidado de la edición/ Correcciónde pmebas/Proof Reading Associate ManagingEditor Teresita Cortés Díaz Astrid Velasco Montante y Hugo Espinoza English Copy Editor Diseño gráfico/GraphicDesign Heather Dashner Monk Patricia Pérez Formación y captura/ Ventas y circulación/ Typesettingand Lay-out Sales and Circulation María ElenaÁlvarez Sotelo NormaManzanera Silva CynthiaCreamer Tejeda Norteamérica, Revista Académica del CISAN-UNAM, está incluida en el Índice de Revistas Mexicanas de InvestigaciónOentífica de Conacyt. También está incluida en los siguientes fudicesinternacionales: LATINDEX, CLASE, HELA, REDALYC, sciELO y AISP-IPSA. Norteamérica, Revista Académica del CJSAN-UNAM es una publicaciónsemestral editada por el Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CTSAN­ UNAM). ISSN: 1870-3550. Certificado de Licitudde Título núm. 13961. Certificado de Licitudde Conte­ nido núm. 11264, ambos expedidos por la Secretaríade Gobernación.Reserva al Título en Derechos de Autor, núm. 04-2005-061012425300-102,expedida el 10 de juniode 2005 por la Dirección General de Derechos de Autor de la Secretaría de Educación Pública. Editor responsable: Diego Ignacio Bugeda Bernal. Toda correspondencia deberá enviarse al OSAN,Torre II de Humanidades, pisos9 y 10, Gudad Universitaria, c.p. 04510, México. D.F., Teléfono 5623-03-03, fax 5550-03-79, e-mail: <namerica @servidor.unam.mx>. Suscripciones: en México por un año (dos números) $200.00 m.n., por dos años (cuatro números) $320.00 m.n. Números sueltos: $100.00 rn.n., cada uno. En Estados Unidos: suscripción por un año $26.00 U.S. dlls. Números s"Ueltos:$13.00 U.S. dlls. En Canadá, suscripción por un año $34 U.S. dlls. Números sueltos: $17 U.S. dlls. En América Latina, suscripción por un año $34 U.S. dlls. Números sueltos: $18 U.S. dlls. Resto del mundo: suscripción por un año $48 U.S. dlls. Números sueltos: $28 U.S. dlls. (incluye gastos de envío). La distribución está a cargo del Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte de la UNAM, TorreII de Humanidades,pisos 9 y 10, Ciudad Universitaria, c.p. 04510, México, D.F. Tiraje: 300. Está estrictamente prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de cualquier contenido tanto en medios impresos, electrónicos o mediante reprografía, sin el permiso expreso y por escrito de los editores. No se devolverán originales no solicitados. Las opiniones vertidas en los artículos son de 1a exclusiva responsabilidadde sus autores. Norteamérica, año 6, núm. 2, se terminó de imprimir en el mes de agosto de 2011 en los talleres de Publidisa Mexicana,S. A. de C. V., Calz. Chabacano no. 69, planta alta, Col. Asturias, C. P. 06850, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México, D. F.Se utilizó papel cultural de 90 gramos. Impreso en técnica de impresión digital. índice / Table of Contents ENSAYOS/ ESSAYS 5 Conflicto y cooperación en las relaciones internacionales Paz Consuelo Márquez-Padilla 7 Mexican Anti-Arnericanism And Regional lntegration In North America Brian Bow and Arturo Santa-Cruz 35 Opiniones sobre la migración entre México y Estados Unidos: tipos e incumbencia y relevancia retóricas Arturo Zárate 67 ANÁLISIS DE ACTUALIDAD/ CONTEMPORARY ISSUES 83 La política exterior de Estados Unidos hacia México bajo la administración de Barack Obama: cambios y continuidades Rafael Velázquez Flores 85 The Mexican Auto lndustry: From Crisis To Greater Region-centric lnf!uence Alex Covarrubias V. 115 The Economic Crisis of 2008-2009: Governance and Consumer Democracy Dorval Brunelle 157 ÍNDICE/TABLE OF CONTENTS La inserción ocupacional de latinoamericanos en Nueva York y Los Ángeles Maritza Caicedo Riascos 177 CONTRIBUCIÓN ESPECIAL / SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION 217 Conceptos, teorías y debates sobre la integración regional Andrés Malamud 219 REFLEXIONES/ REFLECTIONS 251 NOTAS CRITICAS / CRITICAL NOTES Agregar valor a los hidrocarburos es generar riqueza Alberto Altamirano Guzmán 253 APUNTES BIBLIOGRAFICOS / BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES La globalización y América del Norte Arturo Borja Tamayo 265 4 NORTEAMÉRICA. Año 6, número 2, julio-diciembre de 2011 Recibido: 07/04/2011 Aceptado: 12/08/2011 Conflicto y cooperación en las relaciones internacionales PAZ CONSUELO MÁRQUEZ-PADILLA* RESUMEN Diversas teorías de las relaciones internacionales han tratado de explicar el conflicto o la cooperación en el contexto internacional, pero al subrayar uno han subestimado a la otra. Aquí se propone dar la misma rele- vancia a ambos aspectos e intentar que se comprendan mejor. John Rawls establece principios específicos para la justicia en el contexto internacional, que resultan problemáticos por la forma en que los selecciona, ya que no considera a todos los países iguales, como sí lo hace con los individuos en el caso de la estructura básica de la sociedad. La propuesta que aquí se presenta para el contexto internacional contempla a todos los países como iguales y nos ayuda a enten der por qué a veces cooperan y otras veces entran en conflicto. Cuando actúan conforme a las restricciones de una construcción hipotética para instrumentar acciones colec- tivas, entonces se estabilizan y se ordenan; por lo tanto, sus decisiones son legítimas y pueden considerarse como justas, promoviéndose con ello la paz y la cooperación. Palabras clave: justicia internacional, John Rawls, orden y paz, cooperación y conflicto. ABSTRACT Different international relations theories have attempted to explain conflict or cooperation in the interna- tional arena, but by underlining one, they have underestimated the other. Here the proposal is to give the same importance to both, to make them better understood. The theory of John Rawls establishes specific principles for justice in the international context that are problematic because of the way he selects them, given that he does not consider all countries equal though he does consider individuals equal within the basic structure of society. The proposal presented here for the international context considers all countries equal and helps us understand why sometimes they cooperate and other times they clash. When they act in accordance with the restrictions of a hypothetical construction to take collective action, they achieve sta- bility and order, their decision’s
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