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From the Upper Cretaceous of the Zeya Bureya Basin

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From the Upper Cretaceous of the Zeya Bureya Basin ISSN 00310301, Paleontological Journal, 2010, Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 1231–1239. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010 Fossil Wood of Sequoioxylon burejense sp. nov. (Taxodiaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the ZeyaBureya Basin (Russian Far East) N. I. Blokhinaa, M. A. Afonina, and T.M. Kodrulb aInstitute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia email: [email protected] bGeological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky lane 7, Moscow 119017 Russia Received February 2, 2009 Abstract—A new species Sequoioxylon burejense Blokhina et M. Afonin (Taxodiaceae), identified on the basis of anatomical features of fossil wood from the Middle Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Zeya Bureya Basin, Amur Region, Russian Far East, is described. The new species is characterized by mixed ana tomical features of the modern representatives of the tribe Sequoieae. Cretaceous wood of Taxodiaceae was found in the Amur Region for the first time. Key words: fossil wood, Sequoioxylon, Sequoieae, Taxodiaceae, Upper Cretaceous, ZeyaBureya Basin, Amur Region, Russia. DOI: 10.1134/S0031030110100011 INTRODUCTION Cretaceous deposits, and Cupressinoxylon jiayinense Wang, Wang et Chen (Wang et al., 1996), Piceoxylon This paper presents the first investigation of fossil manchuricum Sze (Sze, 1951), Protopiceoxylon amu woods from the Cretaceous of Amur Region. Until rense Du, Xenoxylon latiporosum (Cramer) Gothan now, fossil woods were studied only from the Cenozoic (Du, 1982), and Taxodioxylon cryptomerioides Schön deposits of the area. Piceoxylon sp. (cf. Picea obovata feld (Wang et al., 1997) were described from the Upper Ledeb.), Blokh. et Snezhk., Laricioxylon priamurensis Cretaceous deposits. and Populoxylon priamurensis Blokh. et Snezhk. were described (Blokhina and Snezhkova, 2003) on the The new species Sequoioxylon burejense Blokhina basis of fossil wood anatomical characters from depos et M. Afonin is erected on the basis of anatomical its of the Sazanka Formation (upper Middle structure of fossil wood from the Middle Maastrich Miocene–Upper Miocene), Erkovets browncoal tian of ZeyaBureya Basin. The species is character field, Amur Region. Fossil woods Taxodioxylon ized by combination of characters of modern members sequoianum (Mercklin) Gothan and cf. Hamamelidox of the tribe Sequoieae J. Buchh. (monotypic genera ylon sp. were reported from the Upper Tsagayan Sub Sequoia Endl., Sequoiadendron J. Buchh., and formation (Danian) of ZeyaBureya Basin (Nishida Metasequoia Hu et W.C. Cheng), family Taxodiaceae. et al., 2006). Evergreen Sequoia sempervirense (D. Don) Endl. and Nevertheless, fossil woods were studied from the Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buch. are wide Cretaceous deposits on the left bank of the Amur River spread on the Pacific Coast of the United States: (Heilongjiang Province, NorthEastern China). Sequoia grows on western slopes of the Cascade Cupressinoxylon baomiqiaoense Zheng et Zhang, Glyp Range, Coast Mountains, and Sierra Nevada, and tostroboxylon xidapoense Zheng et Zhang, Phoroxylon Sequoiadendron grows only on western slopes of Sierra qiezihense Zheng et Zhang, Protocupressinoxylon mis Nevada (Flora of North America North of Mexico, hanense Zheng et Zhang, Protopodocarpoxylon arna 1993). Deciduous Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et tum Zheng et Zhang and Xenoxylon peidense Zheng et W.C. Cheng, shedding of its leafy branches, is survived Zhang (Zheng and Zhang, 1982), Phoroxylon scalari only in the Chinese provinces Sichuan and Hubei forme Sze (Sze, 1951), Protopiceoxylon mohense Ding (Flora of China, 1999). (Ding, 2000) and Taxodioxylon szei Yang et Zheng Until now, fossil woods with anatomical features of (Yang and Zheng, 2003) were described on the basis of Sequoieae were described on the Russian Far East fossil wood anatomical characters from the Lower (RFE) only from Cenozoic deposits, where Sequoiox 1231 1232 BLOKHINA et al. 130° 150° MATERIAL AND METHOD The wood of the new fossil species Sequoioxylon Sea of Okhotsk Russian burejense Blokhina et M. Afonin described was found Federation in 2004, during field work, which had placed in Zeya Bureya Basin, Amur Region (RFE) by workers of the Sakhalin 50° Geological Institute RAS A.B. Herman, T.M. Kodrul, G.V. Kurkin, and M.G. Moiseeva. The wood remains Blagoveshchensk 50° were collected from the lower parts of stratotype sec Khabarovsk tion of Tsagayan Formation, the area of Astashikha vil YuzhnoSakhalinsk 150° China lage, on the right bank of the Bureya River, 9.8 km upstream from the river mouth (Fig. 1). The fossil wood originates from gravelpebble deposits in the Japan upper part of Lower Tsagayan Subformation, dated by Sea of Japan Middle Maastrichtian (Flora and dinosaurs…, 2001). 0 200 km Vladivostok Hokkaido Up to the present time, macroremains of 130° Sequoieae were not described from deposits of the Lower Tsagayan Subformation of EarlyMiddle Maas trichtian age. However, macroremains of Sequoia and D a Metasequoia were reported, from the Middle Tsagayan Vinogradovka m a (Upper Maastrichtian–Danian) and Upper Tsagayan rk a n (Danian) subformations of the both Archara A Boguchan browncoal field and open cast on the east s ta s h ern slope of Archara hill in the vicinity of Archara vil ik h Mt Belaya a r lage (Akhmetiev et al., 2002), as well as from the ve Ri Upper Tsagayan Subformation (Danian) of Bureya Alekseevka ya Belogorye (Krassilov, 1976; Flora and dinosaurs…, re u B 2001; Akhmetiev et al., 2002) and Progress area of Raychikhinsk browncoal field (Akhmetiev et al., Amur 2002). Region Astashikha Fossil wood studied (sample no. 36/2) is dark gray, solid, mineralized, with growth rings, well distinguish 05 km able by naked eye; size of sample is 8 × 4 × 10 cm; probably, it is a fragment of large branch or trunk. Col lection no. 36 is kept in the Institute of Biology and Soil Science (IBSS) FEB RAS (Vladivostok). Fig. 1. The map of locality, where fossil wood Sequoioxylon burejense Blokhina et M. Afonin, sp. nov. was found. In view of the heterogeneous wood anatomical ᭡ point of sampling. structure, preparations for investigations of wood anatomy are prepared in three mutually perpendicular planes: transverse, radial, and tangential (at least three ylon chemrylicum Blokh. (Blokhina, 1997) was transparent thin sections for each wood sample). We reported from the Paleocene–Lower Eocene of the used the method of preparing transparent thin sections Chemryl Cape, NorthWestern Kamchatka Penin for solid mineralized wood by standard petrographic sula; Sequoioxylon sachalinicum Blokh. (Blokhina, technique (Gammerman et al., 1946). In total, 2004a) from Paleocene–Eocene of Agnevo River, 17 transparent thin sections were prepared of sample Alexandrovsk District, and Lower Eocene of Avgus no. 36/2 (four sections–in transverse, eight–in radial, tovka River, Uglegorsk District, Sakhalin; Metase and five–in tangential plane). The sections were stud quoia klerkiana Blokh. (Blokhina, 1977, 1982) from ied microscopically and microphotographs of ana Eocene–Oligocene of Klerk Peninsula (Khasansky tomical structures were taken by using Mikmed bio District, Primorye Region); Sequoioxylon sizimanicum logical light microscopes (LOMO) and “MicratIzo Blokh. (Blokhina, 1986) from Upper Oligocene of pan” photographic film. The description of wood Siziman Bay, Khabarovsk Region; and Metasequoia anatomical structure was done using a terminology, korfiense Blokh. (Blokhina, 1995) from Middle stated in the work of YatsenkoKhmelevskii (1954a) Miocene of Korf Bay, NorthEastern Kamchatka and adapted to “IAWA List of Microscopic Features Peninsula. for Softwood Identification” (Baas et al., 2004). PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol. 44 No. 10 2010 FOSSIL WOOD OF SEQUOIOXYLON BUREJENSE SP. NOV. (TAXODIACEAE) 1233 SYSTEMATIC PALEOBOTANY Biseriate opposite pits are in a close arrangement Family Taxodiaceae Saporta, 1865 with vertical, rarely horizontal contact line or with both lines: vertical and horizontal. Triseriate opposite Genus Sequoioxylon Torrey, 1923 pits are in a close or in crowded arrangement with ver Sequoioxylon burejense Blokhina et M. Afonin, sp. nov. tical and horizontal contact lines. Crassulae are Plate 1, figs. 1–21 arranged between multiseriate pits (Pl. 1, figs. 7–9). Etymology. From the Bureya River. Pits in the early wood radial tracheid walls are circular, H o l o t y p e. IBSS, collection no. 36, sample 8–11 µm in diameter, uniseriate, mainly scattered no. 36/2, fossil wood; the Amur Region (RFE), Zeya along the tracheid length; in the last late wood tracheid Bureya Basin, right bank of the Bureya River, 9.8 km layers, pits are absent. upstream from its mouth; Tsagayan Formation, upper The tracheid tangential wall pitting is abundant; part of Lower Tsagayan Subformation, Middle Maas pits are circular, 7–11 µm in diameter, scattered, unis trichtian, Upper Cretaceous (Pl. 1, figs. 1–21). eriate, or biseriate, in more or less opposite arrange D i a g n o s i s. Growth rings distinct. Pitting in the ment (Pl. 1, figs. 10, 13). radial walls of tracheids abundant, uni, bi or sometimes Axial parenchyma (including traumatic one) is triseriate, opposite. Circular pits 1116 µm in diameter, abundant, with resin content, diffuse, dedicated to ver elliptic pits–11–13 × 14–17 µm in size. Crassulae tical traumatic resin canals (Pl. 1, figs. 11–14) and visi present between multiseriate pits. Pitting in the tangential ble in all three sections. In the tangential section, paren walls of
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